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w AThousandSplendid Sun si sapprop iratet o bestudied e

h t s l a e v e r ti e s u a c e

b socia lphenomenon,oppressiont owardwomen,whichr eally e h t l a e v e r o t g n it t e s s e i d u t s r e ti r w e h t , s i s y l a n a e h t r o F . e m it t a h t t a d e n e p p a h

n e m o w d r a w o t n o i s s e r p p

o tha thappenedi nAfghanistandu irngt hemidt ot hel ate h

t e 1900s by connecitng the setitng o fthe nove lwtih the oppression toward n

e m o

(19)

. m e h t o

t Atfert ha,t t he wrtie rwli lanalyzehow t hesetitng and character sshow s n

o i s s e r p p

o towardwomen inAfghanistandu irngt hemidt ot hel ate1900 .s

n o it a l u m r o F m e l b o r P . B

n i y d u t s e h t f o d n u o r g k c a b e h t o t d e t a l e r s m e l b o r p e h t s e t a l u m r o f r e ti r w e h T

tr a p s u o i v e r p e h

t asf ollow .s

.

1 Howaret hemajo rcharactersi nAThousandSplendidSunsd rescibed? .

2 Howist hes ocials etitngi nAThousandSplendidSun sdescirbed? .

3 H owdocharacter sands etitngshowoppressiont owardwomeni nAfghanistan s

0 0 9 1 e t a l e h t o t d i m e h t g n ir u

d ass eeni nAThousandSplendidSuns?

y d u t S e h t f o s e v it c e j b O . C

n o y d u t s e h t f o s e v it c e j b o e h

T A Thousand Splendid Suns are mainly to n

o i s s e r p p o h ti w l a e d t a h t d e t a l u m r o f s m e l b o r p e h t r e w s n

a toward women in

n a t s i n a h g f

A du irngt hemid t ot hel ate1900sin t henovel .Based on t heproblem w o h t u o b a s i s u c o f t s ri f e h T . y d u t s e h t f o s e v it c e j b o e e r h t e r a e r e h t , n o it a l u m r o f

e h t e r

a majo rcharacters ni thenove laredescirbed .Then,t hesecondonei sabou t w

o

h i sthesocia lsetitng of t henove ldescirbed .Then the t h rid focus i show t he s

r e t c a r a h c r o j a

m and the socia l setitng show oppression toward women ni s

0 0 9 1 e t a l e h t o t d i m e h t g n ir u d n a t s i n a h g f

A a sseen in A Thousand Splendid

(20)

s m r e T f o n o it i n if e D . D

s e s s u c s i d r e ti r w e h t , e v o b a e lt it e h t n i d e t a t s s

A oppressiont owardwomen

n a t s i n a h g f A n

i du irng t hemid t o t hel ate1900 sa sseen i n Khalled Hossein’i sA s

n u S d i d n e l p S d n a s u o h

T .Thi spar tdiscussest hedeifniiton oft ermst ha tcanhelp a

t s r e d n u r e d a e r e h

t ndst hiss tudy.

.

1 Setitng

n i s m a r b A . H . M y b d e t a t s s

A AGlossaryo fLtieraryTerms ,thede ifniiton “

s i g n it t e s f

o the overal lsetitng o fa narraitve o rdramaitc work i sthe genera l s r u c c o n o it c a s ti h c i h w n i s e c n a t m u c ri c l a i c o s d n a , e m it l a c ir o t s i h , e l a c o l

(1981:192 .)” A sstated before ,i ti smeaning to say tha tsetitng in a work o f n i s n e p p a h n o it i d n o c l a i c o s s ti d n a ; s r u c c o y r o t s e h t e m it d n a e c a l p a s i e r u t a r e ti l

. y r o t s s ti

2 .Character

n i s m a r b A o t g n i d r o c c

A AGlossaryo fLtieraryTerms ,characteri sdeifned e h t y b d e t e r p r e t n i s i o h w , k r o w e v it a r r a n r o c it a m a r d n i d e t n e s e r p n o s r e p e h t s a

d e s s e r p x e e r a t a h t s e it il a u q n o it i s o p s i d d n a l a r o m a h ti w d e w o d n e g n i e b s a s r e d a e r

, e r e H . ) 0 2 : 1 8 9 1 ( n o it c a e h t o d y e h t t a h w d n a e u g o l a i d e h t , y a s y e h t t a h w n i

s i s m a r b

A rtying t o deifne characte ra sperson depicted o rportayed i n work so f e u g o l a i d e h t d n a n o it c a e h t m o r f s r e d a e r e h t y b d e n i m a x e e b n a c o h w e r u t a r e ti l

. n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c s ti y b s e b ir c s e d r e ti r w e h t h c i h w

.

3 Oppres ison

o t g n i d r o c c

A The New Internaitona lWebster’ sComprehen isve Dicitonary

(21)

o t n i d e d i v i d s i n o i s s e r p p O . e ti n a r y t ; y ti r o h t u a r o e c r o f f o s t n e m t a e rt h s r a h g n i s u

(22)

8

I I R E T P A H C

W E I V E R L A C I T E R O E H T

.

A ReviewonRelatedStudies

l e v o n s u o i v e r p s i h f o e s u a c e b n w o n k l l e w s e m o c e b i n i e s s o H d e ll a h K

d e lt it n

e T heKtieRunnerwhichs etitngi si nAfghanistan ilket henovelt ha twli lbe , n o it i d n o c l a i c o s s ’ n a t s i n a h g f A e h t t u o b a s e ti r w s y a w l a e H . e r e h d e i d u t s

s r e d a e r e h t l a e p p a h c i h w e l p o e p n a t s i n a h g f A d r a w o t s t c e f f e r i h t d n a s n o n e m o n e h p

K t a h t g n i e e S . d lr o w e h t d n u o r

a halled Hossein ialway sraise ssocia lproblems i n .s l e v o n s i h m o r f h c r a e s e r e m o s o d e l p o e p e m o s ,s l e v o n s i h h g u o r h t n a t s i n a h g f A

l e v o n e h t n o s r e ti r w r e h t o y b y l s u o i v e r p e n o d s e i d u t s e m o s e r a e r e h

T A

S d i d n e l p S d n a s u o h

T uns .Ratnaningsih analyzed tha tthe the majo rcharacter’ s e r a y e h T . r e h d n u o r a s r e t c a r a h c s r e h t o e h t y b d e c n e u lf n i s a w , m a ir a M , y ti l a n o s r e p

d e lt it n e s i s e h t e t a u d a r g r e d n u r e h n I . a li a L d n a l il a J , d e e h s a

R The Inlfuence o f

n i e e s o H d e ll a h K n i s e g n a h C y ti l a n o s r e P s m a i r a M n o a li a L d n a d e e h s a R , li l a

J ’i s

, s n u S d i d n e l p S d n a s u o h T

A shemenitonedt hat

s e c n e ir e p x e , s r e t c a r a h c r o j a m e h t f o e n o s a , m a ir a M t a h t d n u o f r e ti r w e h T

o t d e ir r a m s a w e h s l it n u d li h c s a w e h s e m it e h t m o r f s e g n a h c y ti l a n o s r e p

s o m e r a s e g n a h c y ti l a n o s r e p e s o h T . s r a e y l a r e v e s r o f d e e h s a

r lty caused by

. ) 3 : 9 0 0 2 , h i s g n i n a n t a R ( a li a L d n a d e e h s a R , li l a J e r a y e h T . s r e t c a r a h c r e h t o

r o j a m e h t d n u o r a s r e t c a r a h c t a h t s i s e h t r e h n i d e t a t s o s l a h i s g n i n a n t a R

r e t c a r a h

c give effect st o the majo rcharacter’ scharacteirsitcs .Fo rinstance Jail l s

a R d n

a heed’ sbad rteatment swhich change Mairam’ spersonaltiy .Then Lalia , h c i h w s t n e m t a e rt d o o g s e v i g , m a ir a M o t t s a rt n o c s i y ti l a n o s r e p r e h h g u o h tl a

(23)

r p p a d n a l u fi t u a e b , e v a r b , g n i v o

l eciaitve .Lalial ove she rchlidren and at t heend t

o h s e m o c e b m a ir a M . m a ir a M s e o d o

d -headed t o Laliaatfe rshecomes i nto t he , e fi w d n o c e s s i h , a li a L s t a e rt d e e h s a R e s u a c e b s i tI . m a ir a M d n a d e e h s a R f o e fi l

a L . t n a v r e s a e k il m a ir a M s t a e rt d n a n e e u q a e k

il liaunderstand sMairam’sf eeilng o t s t n e m t a e rt r e h n i d e t c e lf e r s c it s ir e t c a r a h c s ’ a li a L . m a ir a M t u o b a s e r a c l li t s d n a

. y ti l a n o s r e p s ’ m a ir a M e g n a h c m a ir a M

h i s g n i n a n t a

R in he rundergraduate thesi stire sto emphasize tha thuman w

o h s t I . c i m a n i d s i y ti l a n o s r e

p stha tsomebody’ spersonaltiy i sable to change t n a c if i n g i s f o e c n e u lf n i e h t s i s e l p m a x e e h t f o e n O . s r o t c a f e m o s f o e s u a c e b

.r e h d n u o r a e l p o e p

s i h s a m a ir a M t i m d a o t d e m a h s a s i e h , m a ir a M s e v o l l il a J h g u o h tl A

m a ir a M s e c r o f o s l a l il a J . r e t h g u a d e t a m i g e ll i s i h s i m a ir a M e c n i s r e t h g u a d

s ’l il a J f o e s u a c e B . e m a n d o o g s i h n i a t n i a m o t r e d r o n i d e e h s a R y r r a m o t

s r e p e m o s s e c n e ir e p x e m a ir a M , s e it il a n o s r e

p onailite s changes . Then

d a b s i h h ti w s e g n a h c y ti l a n o s r e p e v a h m a ir a M s e k a m o s l a d e e h s a R

n i h c i h w , r e t c a r a h c r o j a m r e h t e h t , a li a L f o r e t c a r a h c e h T . s e it il a n o s r e p

e s o h T . s e g n a h c y ti l a n o s r e p e v a h o t m a ir a M s e s u a c m a ir a M o t t s a rt n o c

c a r a h c r e h t o f o s e c n e u lf n

i ter son Mairam are interesitng to be discussed 3

: 9 0 0 2

( - .4 )

s ’i n i e s s o H d e ll a h K e z y l a n a o h w s r e h c r a e s e r r e h t

O A Thousand Splendid

s n u

S are Mary F .Agnello ,Reese H .Todd ,Bolanle Olanrian ,and Thoma sA . y

e c u

L .Here they wrtie a study abou tAfghanistan mulitcu tlurailsm a sseen in s

’i n i e s s o

H two novelsA Thousand Splendid Suns and TheKtie Runne .r In t hei r d

e lt it n e y d u t

s Afghanistan and Mulitcutlurailsm in Khaled Hossein 'i sNovels : Studyo fPlaceandDiverstiytheys tatedt hat ,

a m o s t a h t , e m it e m a s e h t t

A nydiversei nternaitonalr eader sarer esponding s m o o r s s a l c n i d e r o s n e c g n i e b e r a s k r o w s i h , s l e v o n s 'i n i e s s o H o t y l b a r o v a f

c i h p a r g o e g l a r u tl u c d n a l a c i h p a r g o e g s e n il t u o h c r a e s e r e h T . A S U e h t n i

n a t s i n a h g f A f o s e r u t a e

(24)

s y a rt r o p s l e v o n e h t f o r e w o p e h t , y g o g a d e p y ti s r e v i d f o t x e t n o c e h t n I

u h t e y ” , e c n e r e f fi d

“ man tiy in need o f understanding . <http://www.emeraldinsight.comj/ournal .shtm?aritcleid=1795354&show=absrtact

. >

n o s t s ir o r e t f o k c a tt a e h t r e tf a r a l u p o p o s s e m o c e b n a t s i n a h g f A e c n i S

. A S U e h t n i s t n e d u s y b d a e r g n i e b s i e r u t a r e ti l n a t s i n a h g f A , 1 0 0 2 r e b m e t p e S

l n a l o B , d d o T . H e s e e R , o ll e n g A . F y r a

M eOlanrian ,and Thoma sA .Lucey rtyt o e

m a r

f KhaledHossein'i snovels ,TheKtieRunne rand AThousand Splendid Suns , o

t e r u t a r e ti l s

a expand and increase the Ameircan secondary cur irculum wtih a

s a n a t s i n a h g f A n o d e s a b s e m e h t l a r u tl u c it l u

m mulitcutlura lcoun rty which ha s

d e ll a h K h t o b t a h t n a t s i n a h g f A n i r e h t e g o t e v il o h w e l p o e p f o d n i k t n e r e f fi d y n a m

.l a e v e r s l e v o n s ’i n i e s s o H

e n o d n e e b s a h t a h t y d u t s e h t p o l e v e d o t s e ir t s i s e h t e t a u d a r g r e d n u s i h T

n o s e s u c o f e v o b a h i s g n i n a n t a R y b e n o d y d u t s t s ri f e h T . e r o f e

b ly in one majo r

e n o d y d u t s d n o c e s e h t , e li h W . t n e m p o l e v e d y ti l a n o s r e p r e h d n a m a ir a M r e t c a r a h c

e h t n i n e e s s a m s il a r u tl u c it l u m s ’ n a t s i n a g f A n o y l n o s e s u c o f e v o b a o ll e n g A y b

s e s u c o f y l n o y d u t s s i h t , e v o b a d e w e i v e r s e i d u t s s u o i v e r p m o r f t n e r e f fi D . s l e v o n

n

o two majo rcharacter sandsetitngoft henove la sar epresentaiton o foppression s

’i n i e s s o H n i n e e s s a n e m o w n a h g f A d r a w o

t AThousandSplendidSuns.

.

B ReviewonRelatedTheories

.

1 CharacterandCharacteriza iton

, e m e h t e c n a t s n i r o f , k r o w y r a r e ti l a n i d e t n e s e r p e r s t n e m e l e y n a m e r a e r e h T

y r a r e ti l a n i e l o r t n a tr o p m i n w o s ti s a h t n e m e l e h c a E . r e t c a r a h c d n a , g n it t e s , t o l p

(25)

r e h r o s i h t n e s e r

p thought sandi dea sbyt hedialogueort heaciton .Accordingt oA s

m r e T y r a r e ti L f o y r a s s o l

G ,t hedeifniitono fcharacteri s“theperson spresentedi n d e w o d n e g n i e b s a r e d a e r e h t y b d e t e r p r e t n i e r a o h w , k r o w e v it a r r a n r o c it a m a r d a

a n o it i s o p s i d , l a r o m h ti

w l ,and emoitona lquailitest ha tareexpressed i nwhatt hey y

a

s —thedialogue—andbywhatt heydo—theaciton”( Abrams ,1981 :20 .) d e c u d o rt n i r e t c a r a h c f o s e p y t o w t e r e h t k o o b s i h m o r f e l k n e H o t g n i d r o c c A

k o o b s i h n

i Reading The Novel :An Introduciton to Technique o fIntepreitng Ficiton .They aremajo rcharacte randmino rcharacter .Themajo rcharacteri st he e h t n a h t x e l p m o c e r o m o s l a s i r e t c a r a h c r o j a M . k r o w y r a r e ti l a n i t n a tr o p m i t s o m

y a p d l u o h s s r e d a e r e h t , k r o w y r a r e ti l a d n a t s r e d n u o t , e r o f e r e h T . e n o r o n i m

a m e h t o t e r o m n o it n e tt

a jo rcharacter .Dfiferen tfrom majo rcharacter ,mino r a e c n a t s n i r o f k r o w y r a r e ti l a n i d lr o w e h t ti b a h n i o t n o it c n u f d e ti m il s a h r e t c a r a h c

8 8 : 7 7 9 1 ( l e v o

n -97 .)

s i r e t c a r a h c d n u o R . s r e t c a r a h c t a lf d n a d n u o r s i n o it c it s i d d n o c e s e h t n e h T

t c a r a h c r o j a m e k

il er t ha tha scomplex personailite sand i tdevelope so rchanges . e v i s n e t x e n a e v a h t o n s e o d t i d n a n o i s s e r p x e r e l p m i s a s a h r e t c a r a h c t a l F

) 0 7 1 : 6 6 9 1 , e k s a e R ( r e t c a r a h c r o j a m e k il t n e m p o l e v e d

T . n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c h g u o r h t d e t n e s e r p e r a l e v o n e h t n i s r e t c a r a h

C herefore ,

. s g n i h t t n e r e f fi d o w t e r a n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c d n a s r e t c a r a h

c In A Handbook to

e r u t a r e ti

L , HolmanandHarmons tatet hat

The autho rpresent sthe character so factua lpersons ;and in ifciton t(he p

e v it a r r a n e h t d n a , y r o t s tr o h s e h t ,l e v o n e h t , a m a r

d oem,)t heauthorr eveal s

y r a n i g a m i e s e h t f o n o it a e r c e h T . s n o s r e p y r a n i g a m i f o s r e t c a r a h c e h t

n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c d e ll a c s i e k il e fi l s a r e d a e r e h t r o f t s i x e y e h t t a h t o s s n o s r e p

(26)

i , s ’ n o m r a H d n a n a m l o H n i s a e m a s e h t t s o m l

A n The Wriitng Book

e e r

G nvillestatestha t“Characteirsaiton i sallt het hing swrtier sdo t obulid upt he l a e r s m r o f s n a rt t a h t s s e c o r p e h t s i n o it a s ir e t c a r a h C . t n a w y e h t s r e t c a r a h

c -lfie

n o it c if n i s r e t c a r a h c o t n i e l p o e

p “(1990 : 36) . Greenvlie here de ifne s tha t s

i n o it a z ir e t c a r a h

c how the wrtie r apply everything in real-lfie people .

e r u t a r e ti l f o k r o w e h t n i s r e t c a r a h c e h t d li u b o t s c it s ir e t c a r a h c

y h p r u

M in rtoduce ssevera lway sto understand characte.r There are n ine s

y a

w o fcharacte irzaitoni nhi sbook itltedUnder tsandingUnseen. Thoseway sare .

g n i w o ll o f e h t n i d e t a t s

.

a Persona lDescirpiton

s ’ n o s r e p a l a e v e r n a c r o h t u a e h t , n o it p ir c s e d l a n o s r e p e h t e b ir c s e d o T

ri a h , s e y e , n i k s , e c a f e h t( e c n a r a e p p

a )andclothe s t(heshitr ,pants ,ski tr ,coa)t . o t s e ir t r o h t u a e h t , y lr a e l c s e it il a n o s r e p s ’ r e t c a r a h c e h t g n i d n a t s r e d n u r o F

. e v it c e j d a g n i s u y b s r e t c a r a h c e h t y e v n o c .

b Characte ra sSeenbyAnother

n i p o e h t g n i s u y b r e t c a r a h c e h t e b ir c s e d o t s e ir t r o h t u a e h

T ion sand poin to f

m o r f s r e t c a r a h c f o e g a m i e h t t e g n a c s r e d a e r e h t , o S . r e t c a r a h c r e h t o n a f o w e i v

. y lt c e ri d e n o r e h t o n a .

c Speech

h g u o r h t n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c e h t o t n i t h g i s n i n a s r e d a e r e h t o t e v i g n a c r o h t u a e h T

e h w d e b ir c s e d e b n a c t I . s y a s r e t c a r a h c t a h t t a h

w neve ra characte rspeaks ,

(27)

e h t h g u o r h t d e l a e v e r n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c e h t t u o b a e u l c e m o s s e v i g n a c r e t c a r a h c

.s r e h t o e h t n e e w t e b h c e e p s .

d Pas tLfie

r a h c a t u o b a g n i h t e m o s n r a e l n a c r e d a e r e h

T acter’ spastl fie .Here, t heautho r e p a h s o t d e p l e h e v a h t a h t e m it t a h t t a s t n e v e e h t o t d e t a l e r s e u l c e m o s e v i g n a c

e h t s a h c u s , t n e m m o c t c e ri d e h t s e s u r o h t u a e h T . y ti l a n o s r e p s ’ r e t c a r a h c a

d e m e h t r o r e h t o h c a e n o it a s r e v n o c e h t h g u o r h t , t h g u o h t s ’ n o s r e

p ium o f

. n o s r e p r e h t o n a .

e Conversaitono fOthers

e b n a c n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c , e l p o e p r e h t o n e e w t e b n o it a s r e v n o c e h t h g u o r h T

e h t m o r f s e u l c e m o s t e g o s l a n a c r e d a e r e h T . s r e t c a r a h c e m o s n i d e b ir c s e d

s n o it a s r e v n o c e h t h g u o r h t y ti l a n o s r e p s ’ r e t c a r a h c a t u o b a r o h t u

a o fothe r

.s r e t c a r a h c

.f Reacitons

y b y ti l a n o s r e p s ’ r e t c a r a h c a o t e u l c a s r e d a e r e h t e v i g o s l a n a c r o h t u a e h T

t a h t s t n e v e d n a s n o it a u ti s s u o ir a v o t s t c a s i h s e v i g r e t c a r a h c e h t w o h g n i s u

s e d o t s t n e v e d n a n o it a u ti s e h t e s u n a c s r e d a e r e h T . e m it t a h t t a n e p p a

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. n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c e h t .

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(28)

.

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n o s r e p a t a h w f o e g d e l w o n k t c e ri d s u e v i g n a c r o h t u a e h

T ist hinking about .

n o it a n i g a m i s ’ r o h t u a e h t e e s n a c s r e d a e r e h t , t h g u o h t s ’ r e t c a r a h c e h t g n i s U

. d n i m s ’ r e t c a r a h c e h t h g u o r h t

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s e i s a r c n y s o i d i r o s ti b a h , s m s ir e n n a m s ’ n o s r e p a e b ir c s e d n a c r o h t u a e h T

a r a h c s i h t u o b a g n i h t e m o s s u l l e t o s l a y a m h c i h

w cter( 1972 :161-173 .)

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.s r e t c a r a h c d n a s t n e v e o t e t a l e r o t s r e d a e r r o

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, e c a l p s e k a t n o it c a e h t h c i h w n i d o ir e p e m it e h t ) 3 ( ; s r e t c a r a h c e h t f o g n i v il

l a r e n e g e h t ) 4 ( ; r a e y e h t f o n o s a e s r o y r o t s i h n i h c o p e , e l p m a x e r o f

, l a i c o s ,l a r o m , l a t n e m , s u o i g il e r , e l p m a x e r o f ,s r e t c a r a h c e h t f o t n e m t n o ri v n e

a n o it o m e d n

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r u t a r e ti l f o k r o w a n i g n it t e s e h

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a nd tit ake sitme .From

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, s u o i g il e r , e r u tl u c , c i m o n o c e , l a c it il o p s e d u l c n i g n it t e s l a i c o S . e c a l p r o

n a e c a l p y l n o t o N . s e it i v it c a d n a s r e n n a m y li a d s ’ y t e i c o s , l a t n e m n o ri v n

e d itme ,

r e d a e r e h t s e k a m h c i h w e m it d n a e c a l p a f o n o it i d n o c l a i c o s a e b n a c o s l a g n it t e s

.l e v o n e h t t u o b a e r o m s d n a t s r e d n

u

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r o w e h t n i d e n e p p a h t a h t n o it a u ti s f o d n i k t a h w e n i g a m

i of l tierature. Kennedy

k o o b r i e h t n i a i o i G a n a D d n

a Ltierature :An Introduciton t o Ficiton ,Poetry and a

m a r

D (1999 :92-93)i n rtoduce t he setitng i n a simple way .They aresetitng o f s

e d u l c n i g n it t e s f o y r o e h t e h T . e m it d n a e c a l p

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s e d u l c n i o s l a t I .r o h t u a e h t y b d e t a e r c e c a l p y r a n i g a m i r o e c a l p l a u t c a o t r e f e r n a c

(30)

n o i g e

r .Physica lplace i sactually vtia lto a regiona lwrtie rwho usually set sthe , e c a l p e h t f o e v it a n a n e tf o s i o h w , r e ti r w a h c u S . a e r a c i h p a r g o e g e n o n i y r o t s

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e h t o t s r e f e r ti , t s ri F . s g n i n a e m o w t s a h o s l a y a m g n it t e S . g n i d n a l n o o m t s ri f e h t f o

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3 LtieratureandSociety

e r u t a r e ti l f o s k r o w r i e h t g n it a e r c n i s r o h t u a s e c n e u lf n i y t e i c o s s e m it e m o S

n a c t I . n o it i d n o c l a i c o s a t n e s e r p e r r o t c e lf e r s e m it e m o s y r o t s e h t n e h

t besaidt ha t

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. s n e p p a h y ll a e r t a h t n o it i d n o c l a i c o s f o n o it a ti m m

i A squoted from Wellek and

n i n e r a

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a - )95 . Ltierature ha sa

h ti w n o it a l e r e s o l

c societyand ti saspectsf ori nstancesocia lcondiiton, economic r

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s ,the autho rgive sto the reade rsome informaiton abou tsocia l y li m a f d n a s e u s s i c it il o p , s m e l b o r p s ti d n a n o it a u ti s c i m o n o c e , n o it i d n o c

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g n i z y l a n

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n o it i d n o c l a i c o s s e b ir c s e d r o h t u a e h t ,l e v o n s a h c u s k r o w y r a r e ti l a n I . y t e i c o s e h t

e h t s e v i g r o h t u a e h t o S . e fi l s ’r o h t u a e h t n i d e n e p p a h e v a h t a h t s m e l b o r p d n a

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r u c s b o o t d e d n e t e v a h d lr o

w et hef orma lvairetyo fsocia lpresentaitonsi nnovels” .)

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4 Theoryo fOppression

d e lt it n e k o o b r e h n i d d u C o t g n i d r o c c

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s e i r o e h T y r o t a n i a l p x E e v it a m r o N r o f y c a u q e d A f o a ir e ti r

C , oppression i saharm r o d e n e d r u b , d e c r o f y lt s u j n u d n a y lr i a f n u , y ll a c it a m e t s y s e r a e l p o e p t a h t h g u o r h t

o s l a d d u C . n o it a u ti s m r a h a s a s ll a c d d u C h c i h w s e c r o f l a r e v e s f o y n a y b d e c u d e r

l a c i s y h p d n a l a c i g o l o h c y s p h t o b y b d e t c il f n i e r a s m r a h e h t t a h t s t n i o

p force so f

d e s s e r p p o s e c r o f l a c i s y h p t a h t s e t a t s l a n r u o j r e h n i d d u C , r e v o e r o M . n o i s s e r p p o

s e c r u o s e r l a ir e t a m e n o e m o s g n i c u d e r r o s g n i e b l a c i s y h p s ’ e n o e m o s g n i m r a h y b

n I . e r a c h tl a e h o t s e c c a r o e c a p s l a c i s y h p n i e v il o t t h g ir , e m o c n i , h tl a e w g n i d u l c n i

e h t

o rsidepsychologica loppressionharmingsomeone’ smenta lsot ha tsomeone’ s e g a m i f l e s n w o s ’ e n o e m o s n i d e c u d e r n e v e r o d e s s e rt s y ll a c i g o l o h c y s p s i

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d p .t n ir p 0 2 % t s o p 0 2 % n o i s s e r p p O 0 2 % n i a

(32)

.

C ReviewonAfghanistanDuringt heMidt ot hel ate1900s

y l a n a s i s e h t e t a u d a r g r e d n u s i h t e c n i

S zest heoppression t owardwomen t ha t e v i g d l u o w r e ti r w e h T . s 0 0 9 1 e t a l e h t o t d i m e h t g n ir u d n a t s i n a h g f A n i e c a l p s e k a t

n i s n e p p a h h c i h w n o it i d n o c l a i c o s d n a y r o t s i h t u o b a n o it a m r o f n i s r e d a e r e h t

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A Afghanistan’ shistory and ti s

y r e v e r a t n e m p o l e v e

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n a t s i n a h g f A

a i s A l a rt n e C h t u o S n i d e t a c o l s i h c i h w y rt n u o c m e l s o m a s i n a t s i n a h g f A

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w Afghan people are very accustomed to face .s

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e rt a e h t e i v o m t a y ll a u s a c d e l g n i m n e m o w d n a n e

m watching Holywood movies .

e r e w , s y o b d n a s lr i g h t o b , n e r d li h c d n a s e c a l p c il b u p n i r e h t e g o t e m o c o s l a y e h T

e h t t a g n i k r o w o s l a e r e w n e m o W . c i s u m n r e t s e W d e y o j n e o s l a y e h T . g n il o o h c s

o i d a r s a h c u s s l o o t n o it a c i n u m m o c d n a n o it a tr o p s n a r T . e c if f o w a l d n a l a ti p s o h

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n i r e ti o l n e m y l n o , w o N . y a l

p the ctiy parks ; ti i sunsafe t o b irng chlidren .

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y r e v a r o f y rt n u o c l a h c r a ir t a p a s a w n a t s i n a h g f A h g u o h tl A . d e g n a h c e r e w s t c e p s a

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a fghanistan. These Moslem fundamentailst splan t o changet hesystem d n a s e l u r e m o s e v a h y e h t ,s l a o g r i e h t g n i z il a e r r o F . e c a l p r e tt e b a e k a m o t r e d r o n i

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r o t c o d e l a m e e s o t d e w o ll a t o n e r a n e m o w h c i h w l a ti p s o h e l a m e f d n

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