THESIS
SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF
Sottot of 9^xUxBSipli^
URDU
BY
ASRAR A H M A D
uNDeR nie supeKvaioM or
DR. AQEEL AHMAD SIODIQUI
DEPARTMENT OF URDU
ALiGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY
ALIGARH <INDIA)
4 j^J^y
7^
ijJ)^
t S.^^^Jf/^''
a>
THESIS
SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF
Hottitr of flfila»opif^
in • ,^
URDU
BY
ASRAR A H M A D
UNOBff THE ^upenwaion Of
DR. AQEEL AHMAD SIOOtQUI
DEPARTMENT OF URDU ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY
ALIQARH (INDIA) 2002
1/
i k-i ^:
i^
^-Of
fi€nti^iCC<^
This is to certify that the present thesis entitled"Waheed Akhtar Ki Adabi Khidmat ka Tanqeedi Jaiza", has been accomplished by Mr. Asrar Ahmad under my supervision and guidance and it is his original research work.
The thesis is being submitted for evaluation and the award of Pectoral Degree in Urdu.
Counter Signature Dr. Aqeel Ahmad Siddiqui
r
c/Jh
t
i-v 1-25 26-80 81-104 105-141 142-357 142-201 .202-357 358-362 363-375
^d^
/Ccflj'S'j^l^j y ^ / ^ / l ^ iJ/j/J'^-t'J
6j^j^\^^^Jc'ijXiiJ :
^ ^ 1 ' '• ; • ^ 1 • , c^UJ,l^t
(>>^\c^s
(^^^\^vt
^U^i^U^L^
• •
J3\ J / ^ V H '6/J7 f^<i/(^'i^-3J </\^ Jiy^ ^ y^r^' J i '
ij^-if^^ ^ ji
L T . I / ^> jfi - ^ cP^y J / J / ef c^' - t iy<f
-lT(ji jtjiiLi^^ J J ^ji/i jt d^7
JD^I..ji^DL; i^<}\},^\ <c^\.ij c^\i
<IJMJ.U- ^Jv^' t ' / ' J /
J / J / L T C / ' < (ji^'L^ ^--^ d' -L^ i i / J i ^ ' ( i / ' ^ ' u d i ; - ^ (J^i/
L d' - ^ I / L T ^ ^ ^Ur^yZl 4r/L d^ -^ t/U i^y If ij// ^d^
'^\)i i .s^lJ <{SA Ji\) <^\^\^h ^i^ JUl J> ^ify^ d (/ J ' /
<^^^) c.oiA-1 ^ ^ j ^ i Jiycr^Jii«>i u'jjux^ j;(izl c^^Sd^^
vil (|>«^ J^' ></'>«'' ^y^i^ J '^^ f ' / ' V^* ^^/^ ' ^ ^ ' (J^v:>U
>9
(j^/^u i/(jy (j::: o!^^/i^^J^^^-^ i/bOb/(jti/(/i^ Jy^i
^L/L^V
:) vL^i
W^L/^IJ:!:^ 4 £ (/>0-c.iJ(^ *^ c i ' - ^ > ? ' ^ U^ 9>y t / ^
d > i l t : / i v i / d l ? * / ^ (i/l^ijvir BioData . i i ^ t ^ . ^ ^ U j ^ . (jyiX
i ^ (Jb?i) vi/ J>c (ivy i? (/l cii^ ± £ | L (j:! f^^Zl ^ L ^ c . / ^ ^ ^ > ^ £
w^c^l^/*^ ^ ' £ 2- \:)^ji/,^j y U^/
-t/tr/lU g f ^ U ^ J k ^:5; ^^1 c/: if: J 4 w^
* • * *
wTi w-c/vii i> t / J ^ i j i j i J l < ? ^ ^ i (/>l>: - ^ D (;^vi! J i ' (J^ ^r^U i l '
^ ;^i >fe>i ^Lf/j. J^u c^(i>y /(/>•; y £ i j ^i^o'i/ Z^ 3/^1:^1,4;
Jc^' -(/'> ^ ^ (^ ^ c^' / ( j i / i i (/>*; (ivyyji 1/^ (/y <^jy^L / i j
v>^c/::i^t;(/i,L/Ay/f<^Vu^i^^//J-^->^^^''<^'^^^
LJ>/;uM/^y ;^i ^ ^ ^(j^'i u / ^ y i ; r,L>*Lb ^y^i^i (/i_jf ^ i ^ ^
^1 J:^i jtM ^^ j/i^/J^L ijfi)jyi Sd^-'^ J^/^'^ d>^^ ij^^l^
(j^ ± i l J i b L/f (jOj^y ^1^4 0 ^ ^ H T X ^ i ;>(>e3>3i/j^/Jir'
c' //^'>4r>^ ^lj>f >. ± 2 l ^ c//j> (/(Jl
LTC^I>^^ 4 ' l ^ Jli^I £^ c^j
l^ jt jt 1^}^ . I 9 ^ r £ z : J i b ^ ^ , i (J'
J / ' X L/^y^ S^i i / ' uC f >5 uL^ y c^ >/-1/4 0>e
^^/J\p^i iX^ 4^ JiSJ^i Zl c^' y u-V,
J;iy/u->b^u/J/w^^^jyi^-^if CP'/u
u (rL->r J'T^i/ L> 1^ (/>*; ^>Ui>u - i / ^ ^ Zl
^ c^. (/jli -.£.> »/^ ^r/^'f ^^'Z' ' ^ " ^ UlfiJ^^ ^ ^h
• •
- J / ( / j / i ^ >(/yit >lr U" J K ^:5r Zl c;/ c/j ^ 1 , J>f cr 4_ >i/ ^(TUL
Itl ^ Zl y/f/(/^>ir^< J/(j:/( £ L/' l^ (/c/f-vU Jj)Ul y ^ i - >
(/^Uvi/±ryi//-Lr\r^/Lf'6'>(/;^'>ei//L^'>L?'^-(ii Oil .::^(> (/yi/i .lif ^ 4 ' i t / y i / f ^c^f - i : ^ /c;^ jiiy:r (i^
( / u i^/j:»l^^''l2)^''/ci.y (j:t/(/i>^ Jl>^^/l^('>^ 1 / ( ^ 1 , ^
( / O i l U ^ b (j:! ( i i ^1 (^ (j:! ( / ' J y y ^ y ^ - c ^ ^ ' ( ^ ' ^ J>v^(j:!:^<^^<^
£ - ( / / C ^ ^ - i ^ f i>ic >ir^iv.e ^•>''><^Vf (91^ ^ > l . < ^ ^ i>tc ^ i c ^ / ^ 1 9 1 6
ij} Ji^ a^ ^i
• • * " ^ • • • ' ^ /
i^Tj«? ^ ^i (/(jy>it J/tf^ii. J ' i ( / f l^-i ^ j l i i l I j ^ {j\:>^)j>t ji\
/ V ^ ^ ' ^ i *^ y^'^i (/>*^* cfj/^u^-^ JLU J'c/^fvv^ (/j at i^u
• • •
vi) c^'/i- J ( / ^ f I9AA (i>V-(i /^t^' o ^ J;i; 1 . u^ >j) J ^ 6^/
rsf\^/iiji\ 0^ j:
J'-MIA^ \j^\ycf^j\> Jiyi i-(Vinecenus)
: 4j:^ l / j / < L j ^ l >t>i / l<:*f ( I >^>=^ L ( /
I^L/c//-^> \^' d^'i L t A T ^ T ( } V ^ ^ i 9 9 r ^ fi99». ^ I 9 9 r ^
-/ L^ \fi^ ^ a>'f^/iij\ Jt .1911 ^ ^ "cT^Uiy^'ViJ^^-^ ^
(i>i:^'*i cF^^L >4 ( ^ > >t>i (J^ ^i^^i ^ '>^ i^'vi J y c/^i'Li^ ) ; i y ^ :\'/\
c > ^ / i r ' ' i L / l r i t / ^ / ^(JrV'^ »^i^^ t:^i-(j>f ^ 1 ^ t/:! (j>^*c/^
• * •
j:L,\^L cj(/-i: ^ ^ /^ i Zl ^^^ ^*-;/>>y2^Uy ijvi £ Jun
b fiyC^ d^if/^J^Ji^ (^ j^L ^^i ^^ ^^j\y^ S Jl^v Ji
> > ' ^ >e>i^/^^>? ( J y / I (it ^ 2 ^ ^ y b i (/) y ^>f i ^ i , ; ! / ^ - l /
^[j Ji^/i^ iji/i/d^h^} ji/^ c^j Sji^ u^^ if'jjcji (^1^ ;;^i
Iqbal ^ c ^ i l ^ ( i t ( / ( j O j j : y ^ ^ / i J ' i ^ ; ^ ; i ^ y ^ l ? * J > > ^ ^ ^ £ c ^ i / - t / o l ^ ^ ^ - d ' - ^ ^ ^ i n modern perspective
^ / i ^ >v>^ C T ^ I L ^ 3 r i l c ^ i ^ c^^tP (JL C {S'3^\»3j\ L^jy / / / T ' : > V
( / w l X i / l - b ^j> ^ 1 y (Jj J ' l L ^ T y y / c > ^ ^ j J / j L L/.i^y / j y ^ i j
iSj^^^<C ( i i / 7 / > V c f Z l C^1^V-»/'L^21 c . > i / ( / ^ i 7 i Jt>>c/^
( / ^ ^ 4^ £ F o u r Quarter^'(/T. S Eliot Mii^£ " v ^ c / ^ ^ "
i)j\ J:^7Jl^j J: ^ c^,}i fPjJ^ ^f\i^\ Jy-j ^\ c^ jt ij\ ^AcA\^' f'^
/^'>ir^^ L^ L/"'-*^ 9>(f ^^' B/rii>c2^V Modern political thought in Islam
Articles in persian
1- Anasir-e-Existentialism dar fikr-e-lqbal. presented at the international Iqbal seminar, Tehran University, Tehran, 1986
2- Naqsh-e-Zaban-e-Farsi dar wezehha wa mustalihat-e-Urdu, Nashr-e-Danishgahi Tehran. 1986.
3- Hafiz wa Ghalib. inter-seminar. 1988 at Shriaz University, Shiraz Iran.
4- Presented a paper on Sabzwari's philosophy and its contemparary relevanc at an International seminar, Sabzwar, Iran. 1993
Articles in English
1- Waves of Unreason Mankind Hyderabad. 1961
2- Man A Problem for Himself (Persented in the seminar on concept of Man) A . M. U. Aligarh. 1967.
1968
4- Existentialist concept of Man. Presented in the 43th session of all India philosophical congress Dharwar, 1969
5- Dilemma of modern man: Science versus Religion Presented in a seminar on rdigion and selence A. M. U. Aligarh.
6- Aurobindo's theory of poetry, sem inar organized by sahitya Academy Delhi- 1972.
7- Critical Review of Iqbal, Poet Philosopferof Pakistan.
8- Nature and Function of Reason, seminar, centre of advanced study in philosophy B. H. U. Varansi 1973.
9- Sufi Approach to the problem of Alienation with particular reference to chishti saints, published in Islam and Modern age, Delhi- 1974
10- Iqbal and western thought (to be published in a book. IqbaPs philosophy : All India Iqbal centenary committee) 11- Existentialist Elements in Iqbal's thought, (published in the
book Iqbal ed by prof, Asloob Ahmad ansari Ghalib academy Delhi, 1975.
12- Iqbal and aurobindo (Iqbal centenary Volume & Aligarh Journal of a muslim philosophy)
Al-Towhid (Tehran)
16- Al- Kulayni: Life and works - Al-Tawhid Tehran. 17- Shaykh al - sadiq life and works Al-Towhid. Tehran.
18- Al-sharif al-radi compiler of Nahj-al-Balaghah Al- Tawhid (Tehran)
19- Al- Sharif al Murtada Almal Huda: Life and works. Al-Tawhid (Tehran)
20- Modern Political thought in Islam (A review article on Hamid Enayet's book of the same little) Al-Tawhid Tehran.
21- Freedom in the Islamic frame work of Humanrights with special reference to Nahj-al-Balaghah. Tehran 1986.
22- Shaykh al Taifah al TusI Life and Works. Al-Tawhid (Tehran)
23- Tasawwuf: The meeting ground of Tasannan and Tashaiyuh, Aligarh Jourjal of Islamic Thought. A. M. U.
1991.
<=:-d'^-''^/l^ D'>t ^^^^ ^ «^ d< ^^> (/^''l^ (/''(/(i>^>^^'(/(i>^
ti^d^^ dr ^
J
t^^-fse^
j^ r/^>3i /l> / fj: ^ LT' '-^ ^ c^. w-^
- t ^ £^ ^vl>( ^ ( j L/^ JiiJ (i^ Zl c^^y^' ^ ' ^ iJ-^*' ^y^ i / i / ' ' 1 1 ^
/-u^r (j-'v^ ^ > i i i (s^ ijj\^ Jyy^6J^Ji^
w=^ (J-^^li>(^ > ->' f - (/c/t l/^O (Jyl^ J l ^ ' - * ^
//d/\>j,i (/>•; ci( ^ L/: i (/' '/iTj/t^
j)i ^ (i/i^ Jx J>*; -U o!^ J^i *:^ ^ / i j ^ '
j T i r V(/'-< cJ'^i'^ ''LT^(Jiy*"D>Lr' L{r
jii Ut ^j ^i JuG J? ^ i f 2^/1 £ / l > ^1
^ytj^s y-jt o"'^ / T l ^ ^ i / L / ^ J ' / l T / L T d ' c/^ V^^ ^ ^ ' '
*^ ^irAlienation' cTb^ >vt (/c/^J ^l Ji\ j^i
L LTU^I C.J> ( / > V ^ e^J >5i (4 / ^ ( J ' ^• • •
• • •
\/ji J^cz^ £c^. ^L^jiLcf'U^jt
jt ^JC < / X ^^' J^^-f^ y^' >ei ^ (J>^ 6j'<^
• • •
r T V ^
U-^'' -L^ ct^/ws./j-^ ^jiCTlJ^. ^lhy)^\^hii ^h\^h^l)^^jf jt
:>f>lt>C: 4 ' l i > ^ dlj^i^(^ir L^ Lf'^ c.lil^ (JJU - ^ (>r L ( r i ( j y Jit J i ^ U j ; . _ ^ T ; / i L/r l . l > n / Z l (JIU J->fy w / " ' ^ >f Jiif'J'Tyi'i; (/i_KS( / ( j i ^ u 9j/f%> • • • • (^ ^ . I g ^ J £ (J:^ £ > - y (Ji^uXibr^>V-£ ( J i / 2^/c^i ^ / v i / iLi> ^ . 2 L / ± D > - ; / ^ ^ i c?: .c3>? > ^ r ^
yf J / ^ K'cr^ «c.y^ »>•; ^ u^i:^/1 (4 ^ j y t /
^jij o^'jiS jt tx: jtjier ^/'o) Jr^ (/t ^ ^
c/^^ ^1 'T^(Jiy?"L/:^ c^'^ Jtt^V (i>^(J^ U^V' J'>>t>3
( j y i j i : c.L?'*^) i ^ j^l.A:>j C/y^Lf' J^'-<:^ IT^ \J\f'£» j \ ^ ^J^c^
J^Tj'c.L>'^^ivl^>T/^ t r l / ^ ; ^ > c r ' c ^ J / U y j 4 - c T i - L J y i i ^ ^7
£ (jyy(>^>t ^L7(/c>:i;7i( ^ l > T . c ^ ( j t > 7 ^ - ^ (i^k w:^y (^7il (/;^^
\jj:f'i j>*U (/ ^/^ '<^yt ^ U ^
jt jJ\J> 2, l^Uy ^y: 2LU ^
C^ ( j / L j l j L/i ; ( J % ( / ^ ^
<j^ (/'7 / JL^ ^ jt of J 6'A 6 0^'^ ^^y^
(iidO
^ 6^^
J:
jt i/ L J
(TV
(^ f
l^ tt> -/ (Ji'3^ '(J^ (/ 90 jf J^ J>^
{/ t\^ yt \J'ij
J)
^
i^ \S ^}
<^JW
<f'
A
^ (3U( >:J J) .(/bl .JL^^^ '.tt>
^ lr>f ( j i / ^ ^ X ^ / i f
^ t->f ( j ( / r ci' ^ 6'' ( / --7
ijif :u>c^ \yi \^. Ji jy^ti L, {jj
J^ jif Jl- ^1 jt
* * •
(/c^lir U ^ > l i . vU^( Zl U>^*>^ -(jC ^ITC<:J(/( (^I i ^ U-JT'''J^yr / ^
(//
(/
(j^u
^ ^ 4r ^
^:^ cl'
A ^ i\)i L ^j /} J ^/.'
*
A ^ (]i/ ( / i>j L/I^ fii'i f
J
'^ l dOi (^ ^ ^ jij J ix
i. t W W / y W
Jj L,^ ^ i ; jt
J:.J^{f Cr^ iff
ij 2^} ^:>
/
JIL ^ X(/^'
li't{r ^ j ^ j / >u^( ^x J'fi (^'
± £
Lf^
/ ^" /
L/
^
y ? L/^ (^ L^ >'>t £ (^i ^U^
y U r > L^ 4 ^ ' ^^r- Z^iJ ^ 1 ^
i Jj^jii ( / £ ^h\^ J > i : L/I? (/Zl ^SdOi 0) -^/'>fe L/^'/
^ Jr j^ ^ ^ ^
J.4
( /
j\>i if 4^ '>r< ^ <j>i \f ^(/ ^ i / ^
J'/
^ y 4^ ,^ V
1/ ^r ^ cu / y
i::
^ ^1
.n-^i (/ (jl^i d / ^ ( / (J^ r-'''' 6'''
ju^i
LT ( J ' ^r
"T- U^d^
O/^ji/ ^ jj^ ^ y --' 'J^ ^ (/' 4^ r-^
;/ir ^ ^ ^ Zl wi^j 2^ (i (':^ j /^ (]> / J' ^ / -/ u »
j ^ if \i/^ jt
\^)
jt
^
i'
/
^4
/ ^ 3j U^ (/ ^ Z c ^ ^^
^ / U - M >il . j ^ w ^ 7 ^ C.I3 c^U/tT) ( j / l > (//^) >i:>i,c^ (X^ w^-*/]/^
'•ul
U^ 3 d^'^ ^ ^ Ul 6^^ '^
^ '^ij L^ (j>*Uj ^ r^ 0^' ^
jbCl > y ^ ( / UK L P /
/ \S ^ if /^ ^ U^fi U^fi
^ z : (/>•; (T - ' L{r 4 - ^ ^ (Jr
^/tf^' ^\j\ i / t i / Lf* (jy^^i
^il3^ (/ ^U ^ ^ > > ^ U » * f
^ w i 4 / ^ yrj ^ ^ i^
y (J»jy ^ 1 ^ c' ^J^ d^ / J\
ivt^t^ ^ ^ j ^ CTL/^ If y i / i ^
:^ i / > ' / < (jic^i^'^ii Uiv>y Lru>3) (/tz/LT
S ^ jy ^ <L J ^ ( / u i ^
uy o ijih >^i}) k—^>i (jti
«
— • • •
(? c^^jp'^JS^
± i^ .; J/
'^- . t^ /
y £ u^if^ ^ ^y ^ r / i ^ u j ^
>L^
^
c/ii «»•;J l ( /
o b Y;.
^\> ^ i/iir (^1 j / ^r / 1^
• ^ ' / vl^i ^ ^ yL^j
^ / f/
• **•J/" ^0
/> A>
S- J^i
J^ i^ ^
1 i^\ c^) Iji^ J1
§ (i>'
IJ jiJ 1 i^JJJ jt (j"'t f
c^;
^ = ^ri^
/ / ^ (jT v ' (ji (jy ( / (j:! / ^ y k ib^ \^\ J' jt o^jj" ^ ^ ' /
t{r ^ J i ^ C/y^ (/' t ^ p ^ v l ^ <:L- IT' \J^' JiJ Ui U^ V ^ ^ ^ l ^1/ p S/ /i ^ / ^ S
^ C.X L/l ^ w ^ U'L/' l^l^ " ^ ^ ^ ^ t > ' - ^ '
... / . j^b L^/^'tT' 6> i/u>^'cfd' ^ ;^' :?i
L^> cf U>^'lf J/^^ /c;^' - ^ / 6 V ^ >^^ ^
(Jr^/l^^c./irty
(j.y-^^/i k^\ (i/L^ cf > >ei ^ >P' l i / "
J^i j t / J t ^ t:)lf 1^' i^ of^& -^ t*> t/Jyc^jlj^f lf/t>^- \J^0'
( / ' j C i ' ^ tr/^l?*)j>/ ^^(/l^i^i) J u ^ i
• • •
: / ^ Ir/Jlr-ZL^iJ^ri V (^t>t P H ; ^ u-^lJ'i &'''(/Jif c3If
. * * •
L
UIJ<^_/ if u^i^, ^j ^
J'Vc:ji>^yii c^*i^*' ^c:^^ ( / ' ^ \^^J'j^J\ / ( / ' ^ ^ ' *:^ i/>^ ^0\
^J6 C-^ ^J6
(/jyi/ (A ^ji - ^ - ^ V - T ' " J / ifui/Ji^ (/(jL/'"(^-(^ - ^
z: 7.. iL or J / L T U L / ' J L V LTUL/^ > > e / '
;L ' - ^ t-t/(j:f^t>?( ;u( KV Id ^3i j b ^ * Jy
^ lit / f^ ^ / ^ / T J^ ^ ^
^ u ; u i i^
J U(it
L/I ^ tv ^ i j Jj) (J^ ^ > ^ y *:^ t;j^ I 1 1 1 / ' ' "f^ li'(}'-" C T ' ^ ((^d*)'J^j-'v »> ^^^^
li^ ;>^
(/ (/ ^ ^ / ^
J: Syi Ul -i^' ^ / > / f^ (^
yr^
f / ff / (h L cTL c^.
v^i (/yL ij:t ( ^ * L / ' ^ - r ( / ' ^ ^'i-^t^^-'t^i/^^>(/Jl^ > ' t ; i ' ^
d^h
y A ^ J\
(7,d)hy
J ^ ^ Ji
oP'm l>f
i
'U
I r - j j i \;u)
L t <^
6^^j
,
J T/ ^ y w^y ivO'
» i J L / (J:!(jiC ^ J / j (J^ J^
i/ Ji / jt j\ii H
j i i /,j S y^ jh i) ^S fi^j^ 0' ^=^ ^'A ^
L ^ T ^ ^ i / i / i f l ^ ^k^f^J^ i/^/lf^-J (/' (^ f^*</'*^ !/»>/c;^ 9vV
••utAAjy^^^^e^u^^AL^'
(/LTVLTi^/(/!>-<:^' i - (J^ ^ [A fj^ '> ^-J'
<^ (jj\a (fij 6y^ 0' ^ ' ^
p j j ^ y C^lJU 'Uh)j i>>J ^ v /
iTi/^Ui/U' L j\ / L JK l^ 0^
LJ\
jh ^ (3>*; ^ ' '^ X vi' J^
(0 / L yu Z^l/ jJJ^ ^ y^
ur/ ( ur/ ^ ^ ir' 4 ^ > c ^^' yr>^
-^ / Li/ -^ A 6-^
c / c>^ii yr^* (J^ ^ tJ^ >lr' O^
^(-Uy v>f'U 93-c^ 2L>i.C? Jlj'(j:t j > £ l J ( ? > l £ (jy*lip;^l>fe>^
y(>5l Bjr-/^ (/^i; '^h '^jtU^ ^f-L^S/Sd^^Jl l^f^S^S (Ji ^11.
I •• •• "^
ill
j: it^ ^iji if J J
J:^ ji ^ <i^ (Ju 3^ h^ -^
y j f ( / ^ L ^ /, y f - ( / y i ' - '
(Jbt c^^li' ^ / Sj^i"^ f^ / > ^ ( i /
(5J>I (^ ^ . - ^ u ^ U ( w ^ i ^ / "
v'vi/' k-^i j : ^ ' i I^JI^ < ^
(i^b
^ J 7(/ ^^^"^ wL J >-
J"!
^
.-^
< i / ^ . : ^ y ^ UtfT UL U tt^(J>f (1^
t:^^4'i If (j^T^vKl/Z
L;:!>>o-^^^l<J(y;y^/;^f^/X
^ L^^i/'ii'- i^i/^(/y>r a c - / j ^ IX
j\^\ ^^U(> ^1 i^ (/r> ^,j/\^ 3^L 6jt (^U>i/>>e^
iy^^jiS ^jC^j> ^jCi jt ij/\> ( / > j^/'
^\:yij\^\ (j^l^(Psychological Strength) ws^y
J^y ^Uvi/ c^;/y>c> .:>^£ z: uc^L ^*c/;>
^^drJi^Ul dfy/'^^ c < ^ ( / c / ' t ' ^ i ' (Jvb^/^ j y i ^ i ) <0^ij^,^ijl
'^"/^j^i-Jl^yt jSi/1^. u (ji oi.yy' i/yi^i y ^ y / ( / j c/i (J^*kl c/i
iijSyC^ L (JA (/(/( 7il ^ Cf'v ^«^ ^ / ( / ( i / l > ijyl <:^ )>c<) J /
^
(/>; c^^y\i j'.\ f^ J^
^^
5j; ^j^\ ji\ (\& JD^I ^ > : l^yi ,^ ( j / i ^
»>f 3JU J / ^ i / c^ J I /
y ^ yr^ li/ )S:i ^ ^ ^ 1
(/j>^i 6'' Ui^ i / J ^ i (/V(/(i^i;T
: (j:?^^:. I Ji c . U^ wf I (J I ^ f>f ^ w2.1J y J ^
u>f if c.ji^-af(iii/. jij (/d/u^ jfoh) c>iLpi (?^^^Ji c^'v
i J j u T i / ^ ^ / i _ > f ( / ( ^ i ^ l > / / ( j ^ u i t (Jb ^>7 L^ UJ (i^y 7i)
li
^Li^* >^r
y Jr (/ gr '
J C.OU (/ f^ LT ( / L^ I j j j ^
^ y l />f -J l;t ^ '^\ i} / t / y / (/^ i»(/'/^'>ej'6'/i^V'^^i«'^i^>' ni<^h\^ !j>^^ji: ^^J^ J^j^'i^k ^^. j^. L ijjij'i^ ij,^ i}/' jt J'/
(/I - ^ 0/: f^U OIrt l/'i>c^ Zl ( j j i j T i . i L / t l ^ UTj^jla » /
I^JU-ZT^/ o / : J l 1:^1 (Jljt: Z l ;^(>i:>i c ^ J ^ ^ X e y r f i ^ J j < / ^ O i K J ^ C;/^! J^^^yj^
1/ y rli^*' ^ ^^^ ^ (/ J>
Syi [S^j (J^ (fi w > ^ jy3^
L^ Q>t j^i>y ^ b y J / ^ j > j ^ i
(/ Jy (/U u/^ Juk^ 94; ^ UJ^ JL ^ (jY^- r J u ^ W^^/L^JI/^
(^14^ vii (i4>r - ^ >*t ( / ^ Jp jt ijiL Si)iy:i ^dOi VL^ ^ / l /
(Ju
u^f i\y) ^ i ;
(/ t/-) / ^ Jj /
^ u Z l jk/>yj( ( j ^ ^ / ^ i J L > 2 l c^i^c^ ^ i > 4 _
I 'L^ it^j \^J^Jji^ d\<y d^J'" ci«>>' Jl
J^^i L. \J^3\k j\^S <:^y^ jt U^lf
^U>f ( y ^ t
y/
/ ( ^
J / y '
j f
uui
J . r
GT" K:^^ #
(3/
z^. bi (j'> ^ J ^ »i^*
>i' m (tut L^L i^L^ >^*rc/. ^ o 4 4 ^^-^ ^ ^"^^ ^ ^-^
- ^ / c ^ / L / > ^ - / / y L / ^ J ^ J'Jl/^/i^-e ^^-^t;^' 4 L T - /
ulr -<^^ Jj X c/^ ^ J^ 4
t/n .^u Ju (^ (3/ / /
(/!>- S u^'> <^ /^ ^ \^)
/JS:
L / H / l> i^LJi t^ Jj> (ji >>* j)i J3 jj ijt iA ^ (^ ^^• • • •
-^f I r T ^ / ' ^ LK/J) {jjlii ^J>-; (jf c3/>t^^i/L>yrl4' ^ l^lf lf6j/j\S)£
^ J / i / - J ^ l f
LTO^^J:!i ^ a * - e ' / V u / ^ ^ ^ t (/L^' (jUU ct/T
(ji >U^Ii? ^ U?* Ju^vjjl c ^ M J / - L ^ 2^ C^^ y JL> iTuiJ^ >^ (^
ufbi J' i ^ c^ c/ ^^ J^ (^
A 6
6^
A ^ i\) \^\ / ^
( / ^
J^
t!f
-^'VJ JJ A C/^^
iX
4-J' 4 J> (/
'6^i/ 6j: A
j'\) \J^i
^>f
z : ^ ^ ( / w^^j^/ji^ c^'^-j' - ^ {j/Lr^^c^vK (j:! il-j t^i \^Oi'/ii \j)^^ (j6ji\
"4^* uty X f- (/
LT>t (/'
9^; (ji; Zl ^1 ifif ^ jy^ j ^
7ii5i ^ p. y y i / J ^ i ; ( / y j 7j
:L^;/yH(j:l:c>^y(^Zl
>i(^ fej Jl>^V/^; . : i ^ j i J7ZI £ (/l>l>
Ui/Su)J^ d^ ^h^j ^Ji y>f tT^;^" j/j/
^
(ir'y:
(Jt (J^ »'>1^ --L-' '
^ /
K^£ / i f > i ;c ^ cf ( /
y>"
IX y ^ t^ Z'(^1 ypl
L/y Jt /^ J>-;
/ / jj}
\y: ^ h\ [S'i y f^ \? if' J \>^\ £
c ^ ; yU^ c ^ / ^>^ vU^/ ii^
JJ (/ /
(J' (I' ^ yr^
LT^/
^ >i{^ / • ^ k^ (/" ^^-» ^^-^
J\ f J^ ji Ji (fi c^v ( i /
U^ if J^ JiJ
(/l^' 2 ^l / lil
• •
^
(/La?C-^
I / L U . ^^/c^3i jt t T ^ . i ^ i ^ i ';f ^'"-^ trA)
\yi \5^j (3^ (fi w / ^ o^y
'>f (i'^ Jo*/ >>* ( / ^ (J^T >:
G?iv . 1 ^ ^ ^ fej / ^ J ^ CT" L^r I^U J ^ ^ ( / T , / I ^ j y £ ci.i^Jr^'v^/(i/l^i/c^i(/>•;i/c^Oii(/(/>•;(/t:^/(i/l>-^/L^>TITJi/ i
• • >UJ» (/ j / 6 yr} 'J (f^ ^ J / JxC.lii^(- t^ ^ i-i>y ^ V cTf^L/^^ L P ^ "J/'iiai j / ^ V
i^v/1^ jjr^^££ (/by^t^^i a! (/Oil \/ij< 0/ '3; (j:! c<^y 1/4,/
± L ID^h ^ V ( j ^ 4 ' ^ V c ^ ^ (iv'vi^X^' JuLi d7'dy ^^i\^
LZ-^-(J::^^i)*>i?^ £ (/ir-<i^ IT If/vlr(j:!JU ^ j i ^ v p ( £ c^L>9 A i l
cju-^ / cju-^ ( j i c<ii.
LT^VL^"f^r^"^^' " ^ ^ ^ - ' / ^ " ^ J > - ^ t-^ ^~^
:(J>f>iiL7U^I^
LL>^ ^>y (jic 9JU ^ J ; / ^
\j^ S/* (^^ d\y^
yr (/ 1 ^ / 1^ ^ / - ^ 9>J svJ ^ l;t/
/
•I
y * •• t V ^ • (
Zl (// yj»i ^ ( / ^ y (j:! J'i ^yc ^ (JA v>-/
( i / ^ : Zl/^.i/ cr^j^b (/I 4 : / ^ x ' ( /
:>>Aj>^ Jj2; ,t/r J A ( / ^ r j:!: j f i / ^ i ? ^ t , v / 7 ( j t /
L
L/L-c/u
6^y ^ 4 / r > >fe>i/^ ^i (j?:
/ ^ Oil \fj4 ^^ys ^^/^js'fkj:j L (J^c/.
J . > 7 / L / ^j t i ^
(/^L>
CJIJ^^,u/^vii J / j i )3r ^
LT'li'i L,f:^^A /^LJf jl^*)
:c/OI>u<^(ii)
(J^ j y ^ ^ ^ ^ fe Yfe ^ ^*^ ^^' '^'^ ^'^ ^^^
Oi^JITviiU-Oii)
/ ( / . c^iii (/>^ i>it^ c/'i^ L 'yfC^. jt i ^ / , ^ J^*6^>^(i;^ ^ 4 - /
>**yil^ l/t/^V. (J//c.li ( / l ^ J ^ J ^ l/i^>>i:>i-L/V*L ^t^^l
^ ,jtj J^ Jy: 4-^ 0!>( ^ j^ A
i\^ ul ^ ^ tJ y £ ^i J^
:i 'Ul^'^Oi^{fyuif. 6/^^^^(^S u^^'y^\^^'C 4^/M^
ji\^ j'\ji^^[f'^\^^c^i\iA ^ L cbYii^y ji\^^\^ \i.:>^jt
\)j ^ ^ ^g jy^ p'
JIJhj ^ ^ ^iif 6 (^ A ^ A
'yf BS i)l ^ BA^ ^ UJ L^ J^ U^'
»
a
^ (i ^::^. J^
J-^ (j^
J .
(JlrT ^ 1 i;;:::; j^L 4 / ^ LTI ^ j L ; ( / , / ^ / ( / ^ ' I j ^ (jf
ui
2^* ^ V U J L J^ L J'\^ jh
(/ J)>lj i^ L^ (jC ->U -^ C^>
(/ JoT t/Ti ^ (ji^T i_
^
^ Zl i^ *^ t-ki ( / b i ^ / ^ ? 2 l lif ^ (Jki j ^ i ; j x
ill £ i> c^ ^bi ^jf j^s / ^ z: ife ^ ^ J / j / ;
<if ^ / 7il i / Z l 5'
( / T 9iy 'if L/* v'ilf (j (J-»>'t^ f
^ - > i/ui^*' J^ i^fu^u^^y u^^Jif ( J y i ^ y j i / ^ ^ > j
^
iz^ j> t3 ^ iz^ i t ij t; u 9^ '-'
£ ^ <:^ Ji L
( y / l3J £1 T 53 2 l yf iJ / LIc//
UJ^ i £
(Jl ufT
a J^ ^,
/ D-?-- ^i Z' / J\^ L ^
*^^j j i .s;^ \Si^A^ jt UJ>
^ / T (/ (/^ ^ ^ v ^ r^*r ^ WLJ t3l< ^ (jj>: y i : / ^ o^
j//jl L,^^ l^j: j\h^^\js^tys ^s:^/><'iff ^/>j\^%i jif>O
i i i ^ ^ / ^ j (jivi< ^ ) y (^ £ u ^Cj/ ^ ^ / T ^ f^ j i ^ LTC^' ( / U
(f jif li \tf ^ ^ ^ ^ >*u t^i
• • •
( / (j::rr ^ i >e* 5: J t ^
Jl;<
^ ^
UJI
/ d' (/ J' w"
^ i ^ f ^"t (jt ^ | . - ' ^ 4 ^ k^ L,'(u:f\ 4 ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ c3t
^ ^ v c:;U . - ^ 8j l^ t^f ^ I ' l f i>r/
£ vt
(j>
cf^A
^ ^y r / ^ : K As L t^ L
^\Jr
r:Jt>
*L t3»>tf 6'-^ luG ^ z >j
Ut l^ 4-vj 8i y J^i; ; : ^ ( j / Ut '>f ' X ^ J ^ Jb< D > (/' ^ .1^ ^ ^ > t/^ J/L/T^T (/ O:: cf ^^ i^ ji^^ ^ ^ '^i J'^i ^>^j ^ u^ :^ <yi \S'j ( / ^ \^^ ^ / \ (^ ji\, l^ ^L>j
£^r z / A ^ <£ z ^\ L'i^
•• • •
(ji/f/^ y (j:^' ^ui (/'> y^ u/A- (j^ X ; t// 4 4^1 zl / j .
i l ^ >-/> / * yy ) x ^ 'If
L /iti ^ j > ^ >^ ^ ( j M ^ 4zf
"i^i> i>c^ Ct"/^^, y ( f i : w^ ill >/-] J / J / f
^ i/^ f
i j ^ l i T !v>i:> rf^lr ^^Ji ^ i ii^\Pi/fSijL^yi\fJj^^
ii wi>r !yr5 ^ ^ ' -'JD ^ ' ij ^^^. 'AS: L ,^i^.(7 J ^ * ^ '
c^/ cilf ( i x ^ / ^ J ^ ^ / c:^!!*'
c^/ ci'^' l^ ^-J y / ^ c:Ji if ^ T
A A ^ i ^ A d^j ji\ I, ^1 > i / ^ i^ i ^ y j>t j ^ i 1/J:>
cjy iPi ^if i/c^u J^^,/^^J\X^d^i}^\/'
(^ (fr: &^ ff .y yr K> ^u c / Y b / J ^ i y .i. ^
u^ . / ^ ^
^.^
^ ^ J^
ki^\^ L /\ 1/ \^\ L ^. i/ ^
( / (jT J 4 yt yr - w^vliVJ Zl U if ^}iyf 6J/ 9/ y ( / (J>f yj
( / Jif ^ y Lf'U z : ^ ^ uf/j ( / (jiju: M / J. ^ J' /}
• *9^
y/i t5^i; Ji-i^ b (J^ i«^ y: y (jljt: ^ tut Z l / i : ^ ^ i^(^
U>^
CT"i" Ji 'K ^ l /
L T . /(^
if ^ / a c/'i r>\> ^yt L J"' yi ^ k^ ^ UJ BJ If ^ b * / ^ ir
yi ^j jt jij^ \f ( Oy^ ^i^ J^
U^ L> ^f' U\f / l/ / J/ U^
£ ^ ; ^ jOi/ ^>f (^ J i ^
i^ u:t
J I A / / ^( / w i ' / ^ {f.::^\J L^ ^)\ L^\}^"
ti
\jis
/ cy^ y()^\ t
i ^ /^i iji ^ c / ^ ^ !^\:)^ji\ ^ik^ J^'-Ul ^ - ^ ^ ^ ^ ' UJ(^ J^'
(/'
L/-'V 6> ^
J ^y
L ^li^'
-^\jy.(S^SU^^O^J^'/je\Xi ^^ A (/>!/ (/J'v >^ g 4
L^ ** — ^y
^r'(f/\S'oi^ d'^^'^i^^' ^ ^ J' ^-^ >*ir ^
^ y^* V ' t3>? t5^ L/i u^^" ^ > / o'^ / / / c3' - ^y^
X Ut /U ^
£.1
o / C^ ^^ y Ur 1^^ ^ i ^ ^ (jivi^vV-^ / ^ < ^ ^dU fa>'y, '£^ ^ i ^ (jy^
^^y
'y J'
IJJ^^j WA
J:A^ ^'y i)4 U ^ § y(^'^ {J4
"/^e^^'^ tft/f>j\>\ ^J'Sd^i Jy L ^JX!^iC^^ut (^
A^ f ^ (f f (Sj }^ ^i ^, y U ^ ty ^ i r yr r &.f
r I r * • '
:J;Ui/i ^ / y (/vl> J / ( j i f * l / j l r^'>i:>^
1^ J'v^ijf ^ c'ljiy: (/ui/
1^ ( ^ / ^ - ^ 973 9vJ 1^ U L /CL^ /^ 9 / ^ ( - ^ i t 4^^ ( / f ( ^Z
^ / J. ::i^ z: . ^ u/ .ii
^3 <L^) J3 i\ j\^\ C ^ !j^U
^ j ^ j >J^I j^S >* / J>(>'
^ U (J'ii/^)>t^/(JI>^ 6i> ^ I f J' Lf^ Dli tf" .'!?^
.zJ^/J^if L, ^i >^i
(j:! (jy^^il w-^7ii*^j uG>o (^ J ^ / ( ^ f y (i>y y i i * ^ ( / u / u j £
/>? .-'U^ ^ L/^^jj/iizi^ c^Bi ij:!: <t,/^y£ ( i / u ^ j j / i ^ Jut J ^
f - ^ -»> L/ ^ » 0^ C^Uy ^ ^ 7 iyT J ^ / ^ ; ; L ; <i-j (Jfy
\^)jjii iii^iJl {jij^,tC ^ji^iSfi^ i - L ^ J c ^ / ^
J^" {f ik 3 w / J ^ ^ iy:; O . J:^** (/ »>^ yiT' tj" C^' CT" (^
( J V (/^-^* c/^L? (3>^o^ U!r'-r ^ (^ ^ i^ L^
<>i^ ^i?>( (jr ^ j ^ ( ^ ^ J ^ U / ( j i > r (jy (j^ ( / / ' ' i ^ (jt
L/
/ 1/ ^
JL/^ j f ^y
4^ ^y^ (/ >/ t^ i?^ *L ^L i^^^tr i - L^ u^' i^ lit L/Jy
• • 4
i ^ u £ c.>i>(ji UrVwC c)i-.;f ^ . J - ^ / c ^ - ^ ^ y ^ > U y / c i i ^ t { r
t / Lf*3 ^ i Z: ^ ^ c/u-yr t-.j t ^ ^ (^^- ± £ Cf^
i/.e^yi/;*!^.
^ \
L5v^->c2rj'>^,
ji\ i\i>/ ^\^ c/^ .i\y\ L ^ si^^ c.l^i^c^^(/y^i>l:>^
^^i>i i^wji >>(f ^ 1 ^ ^ ^>^<^>^ t/^j-^y
S J ^ ^ L ) J/I J ^ L/'^
^ J ^ ^ vi:^"^ ^J^ LA Ji ^ i2 dy (^' ( ^ w i X ^ vi^^i Zl c<^y 41
^\,J^6^SU1 ^ x ^^L uTI U-ir/jif l/i/u.y^
( ^ ( / M I ^ ^r />«< / r yy w.^) ^\y ^uf\f fj ( / ^ I f .
w - ^ t J:l>*) cJ^^L. ^ U ^ ^ trT^l^il
U J ^ ^ C ^ W^JIC/?-( / j b ^
(3^^Ji^^.-^i ^ ^ u ^ c ^ i > y y>^ j . t - i : : "
>? r ^>f ^^y> I >>f ( / d ^ ^ U4:r(^ J ^ >
.-jft^VLti >i/
^LT^^I^^>i>^ J^ (/Jl> (/' i - j^' >ir>j ^ 6iJ^' (/
-)I5' l<:^ X ' >v>i / < i ^ J(> l^/ i x ^ CI 6^'/*' ^ ^ / ^-^vlf i di><fi
(I c3? 4^ yii j \ ^ i cj^Ji\ ^yj: y (jy^i Jo jt UJ (i^u h^
I
jii \Sji^\J^ vi' <^ Jii ^Jit^ <:L^
Jy,j:>/0^^Utf6/^^uJ^rUto^'ScJ,^y:<ufJ^\^^Cifg
^:jf *L / l >ir>3 /j)j J-i - ^ l/c/. c/J (^ijfuhij (^j/ ^/ 6 " ^ ^i
± *il (Dogmatism) ^\tji ^T J ' u J J U £
J3i LfU ^ j f 2L>^ w:^ J / J i f t ^ ^ L T l / J /
^(jyy c^(J^ y^ >o
c ^ / i jpj:
u,
c T / ,
/
^ j l 6 " / l ^ ^ U^c' - ^ ^ r ^ l^l/' ^ ^ / c ^ - ^ '^(-^'^'f f^^^' O^Jii f
L/^y bi L'-»>'
L ^ Jvi:^ J y ^ ^ l^/f ^U bhj ^ijjl ji^i ijifjii ^L- jt ^ji ^T
I /: c?/ Jf\^ Juj »>•;
J.t-../ cTU ^ ^ 2L> ^ L^;>ry/c^J^y
^^•^ t^^>/>lr->clf;/Jf ;jY|^l^,^
iT/^../ ^./ , ^ ^/^ ^JpJ^h, ^,^ ^ v
f^ai..U c T ^ - / ^ j ; . ^ ^ ,^^ t/^LTd./.^/.y:,,, j j ^ , ^ ^ . ^
J^u y j ^ 1^ / / * L ^ jt ^^ijf (/iL> /J>*; i / i ^ vii (/u c/c;' '-'>-' ^^
^ij 2^1 ^/JH 6y<^ ^^//V^i^ Z ^ / c ^ J ^ c ^ ^ U J (
cf J^>i <//^'>i:^3'^lf < / J ' * ^ ^ ^ « ^ >'i>^</d'/<f'^*/^^'*~^'='/'
c/^j JC^i ^ 7 i / f^y* ( / ( L c^i wC^(/;^( >>/'
^^' ( i / o ^
^ ^
J>i -T' oC/t v^~
"? ^ ; > ( / u
oy y i^f'rr
,L/('U' I^V L&i 2l u>f^*4' frr ^t/^
< J I I X /i - h^
( / ^ ^ 1 ^ (/Ct ^ LT' ^i' 'e liZ-jT' i/^kt-Zl j ^ V ' d^i/^t^
JJL L / U ^ I 1 - c / ^ U i / . b ki(Absolute Idealism) ^^Cl^
y y •• t?
j:t vij li/ ^1 / ( ^ 2^U l/^ 0^ >
>>/'
J y «L jKji <i^t/, ^t/, /^ '^/^^ -^ l^lf ^J
- ^ J^'>e^-cT J > u^ i-/>J^'-^*^ u^P'^/^< >ei i - y V
( / ^ j ^ 4 „ j i ; £^ i ^
JJT'*' / < P ^ I ^^ c/>^t ^><e(^' --^ (3-^ u ^
^ c/^ ^ y ^ y (/' y 2^1: i^(y /df[^J^\i <d L^ ^it ^ l y / ^
(/c/^i ^ " u wf/iT ^ 8i wC1^4< ^li^y Zl L/I^ - ^ (X^/J^/uyy
c.iii> i i - / ( j P ^ ^
^ /^^>ei ^ Jx^*-^ A t^ ^'^ ^^^^ ^^ ^^
(/jii J'\ ^ k : ws^OU^ (j:! (^ij LCi/vi/ ^ / /
'^L'3 (5c^\ ^ (jlf >f Jly ^ J / ( / ^ >i' *i^ ( J ^ ' i L '^yi jly
6 ' / ^ J^'c^i^ ;^'>ei Ui:£j^f^'^yi 2^^/uyL /l7 iJL ^v>i>
S L ( / ( / ^ x :£j (f^ t\>/: (/(/>•; vi' ^ tiJ ^ji jt d^A ^j>
(^1 / e ^ j>^ w^ .<^ (ivif ^ J;) ir - ^ (/<i>^* 4 1 (ivu^ i /
^.1 ^ O^/^:^ J ; , ^ l/l/'>>u./>te Ji^i j : ! Vy: ^ ^^ - ^ ^ ^^^^
Vil LfjJJ CJIPI .(i^(^- O ^ v : ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ U^L/^'^ ^^^^^ ^ Si ^^ ( / /
/d\^'j \>yf-L ^^jt i:? 2^ O^ llj, C^ ^
w-- j : ! c3i 41 ,1^ 2^/^,//i <^/ / ^ ^ ,;y
t/i ^.^^i/^!>/(TiLli^*£ c^j ^ V ^ V £ (TV J > ( i y , ,
l^ "/^ je^ ''^yi :2£j Jl> ^0 >l ^ Lf' \)\ - J > .L> (/ (Symbolism)
• • • • * *
J W oc?/.:u^-c^vt: ^ ^bUJv.i A r<:^Xy^/>^ ^ >^ i l >;,
l^c^lJ ( / V (J^ t^' '-»^ '>fe ^ ' ' ' -^ (jf £ l Z l t/'< i L/' l^ jr-' ^-J-^ B-'P ^ c ^ y i / ^ y ( / ( j j c j l ,Jy^(/c:<:J^i J-JJ|j:t>ij 9 j ^ i ^ ^ ( / l - l ^ j f fj\^\
^ t Z l wT/vt:^ i y f ' ^ 4 / 9 3 C^-l^ i T ^ U j : ! £ ^ ^ J L J i ; ^
^c<iS:i jt j^<^j\a sS/(fr -iJC ^ A ^^^ ^^^y- (/(/>? J>t (j:!:
f ^ U (0 f^ tyt ^ (jl jsi J^S/^y^i ^yZi ji\ \y, j : \S^7, M ^\^ J>^
y ^ 7 < = ^ ('v*^ 'WSAJ ' W ^ X C^// L&^J /J>?J J ( J ( <S^ <L>f ^ I i_>f ^
i^ i:? ^ / ' k. ^ c/' >-»' ^ (J't J ^ J > / / c / ' ^-ei jl^*' J^ OiJ
viv >: (jy t c^ L/I; C^ j - ^ i , \jt a^Xir yi y; L ^^ipn /ds^cJ j/ i/^ij
- ( / ^ Lf' (/>•-? L/U'' (/*i^/(/' lJl{t: L^^J^i ji\ (//L .yvU ./> L
- ^ 6 ^ ^ J ^ ' i^i::?L/'-'i^i J - ' ' / ' i^c^L^*' ^^^ ^ftJ^J^j 6> LT^
L{? *^7 Jl^ (i->U (/ JL^'l j/Ti Jl^^ ^ wc V
l "
^ ^ U w J ^ c ; ) ^
L/^L/Il^c.Ul>c^ i ^ vi/'>r'i J T J P i l ^ ^ ^
^Ir Jii 3} Ji\ ijt
£,T^,7,jlU l!'j^:>j«-/<::. J ^ , i B'J'jj ju'l jt i / l - ^ l/l/A(
C/^f^ >y:^ ( / ^ JiJs"^ S^Uli ^ 6y^ J / ' ^
^>^c/// i^>(i/ . ^ ^
. ^ / ^ S S J ^ J - ^ U ^4^iv LT^U ^ I f . <^ ^ L > 7r^ (jOiL >il (JUi^ i ^ U-'T'*' J^^ ^ U ^ (/'
j^ ^ j^.i^ ((/^^ <^\ y: <^ c^i^ s wy^
J^. - ^ c/L^*'J^ J^!^ 6 " ^ (/' L^ ^-»^ '>$ ^ i - o V ^ i y Jj>i;T(/
^ 1 L^ > >>i 'V-l^ '^ U^^^ ^L)^ c.y>'^U>i C/> J ' (/• 4^ di^
^ L ^0\
/LT^Vvii i:? j:r ...^c £ b"^"
t/di^
>-»' tiJ^
^L^ ^/^^
^iJ'i^ S ^ >-»'
-*£/iU( ^^L>i i/i^£ (j^i/>i/ i j i ^ 6 ^ '
Being jy^'^ hl^ ^<^ if^^^^i{ J^ (3!r^*l/(Jl{t: ^ O^-^^ ^ ^
^ji I yijJi^^
IJS: C^ O?\J>\(0^/i)/)}S L \jO\ (/for itself)
0^>f ^ i (/' (-1^^ y^i ^ C^lf
L / J ^ U IJ*/C/L JI>/^^/(Subjective)
yiUi/^iT c^ w / / ^ / J ' L a ^ / j - t - i r >c^ £ ^iP*i ^ ^ .iA(i^
^IJ: j^J.ifjii (/U9i L/! ;U*I ^>f WL> I/I
7if TT'-/|j>*; JL^liT (/yjTv^l , : : . l y y ^ ^ t / M / ^ Jl> 1^ ^^1 >fe>i yc.L
*
- < ^ L> (J* (iUir / ^ l ^ Ui^i vjl (J^i J ! / <^L ^13 L^ ^ j y 2 l c^
'^O^i J^i ^^r ^ ^ ' V Ul 0"*^ J ^ UI'VJ ( / U y ('fc 2 l w ^ i vi( CiT-'U^v