Willingness To Pay Masyarakat terhadap Pengolahan Sampah Ramah Lingkungan di TPA Dusun Toisapu Kota Ambon

(1)

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

(2)

2& - $ $ % - " - $ + , ," !0 $ - ! $ @ , 4 ( !, % " % ! " , 0 $ 0"$ - ,% ! , 0 , % $ 0 , 0 , - 04 - 0 ! - " $ !" , 0 " ! - ! 0 5+ , - 0 ! +! ," $ - ! 0 @ 0 - $ $ $ - % ! " , - 0 ,"0 ! , 9 + !3+ + #22 4 " 0 - $ "5" , ," - , - 0 ,"0 @ $" - ! , 0 , !" , % ", ! " $ , ! $" $ ! 0 - ! + 4 + + ! - , 0 , + % , $ ! $" !+5" ," $ " - " @ 0 - $ $ $ !" 0 0 $" - $ 0 #2 @ 0 - $ $ + + !@ 0 &;24;#> @"3 $ $" - $ 0 #2 # " @ $" &>D4;D< @"3 9 + + #2 & 4 " - $ % - $ $ % , " " " % "5" , $ " + , ," % - $ 0"! % !$ - - $ " % 5+ , - 0 % $"0 ," - $ $ + + 4 " , !,"0 $ ! + + 9#2 & @ 03 5+ , - 0 % !0 ," $" , +", - " , "!" $

@ - ! 0 - $ $ % % " , , ! <<E &= - $ 0 #2 # @ $" EA2 ##

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

(3)

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

#

$ % & '(%) 44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 9" ! ) I 0 , - % $" " I 0 -+- ," 9% $" 0 " $ $"- ! "! J I $ ! $ 5" ," % !0 $ " - !1 % 9 "0 J , ", " $ I " ! ,"=-! ,"," 9 " , % ! 2 2< 2 2

(4)

2< 0 - $ $ $" 1 $ 0 24<D - ! 9 $ 1 , "3 $ 0 D4>;> - ! 9 9 + + #2 # 4 !$ , ! - !, 9" $"- !+ 0 + , - % $" $ - " " " " $ 0 , % E< % !$"!" $ !" E> $" 1 $ AD $" 1 , "3 4 * +$ - " $ $" ! 0 $ - $ -!" ! $ $ , $ !4 -!" ! 1 - 0 ," @" " , ! - , ! ,% ! 9! ,-+ $ !, $" % ! 9: $ - " - % - + 0 , - 0 $" , +", - !$ , ! - , !"+ - + 0 , - 0 % $" 3 ! $ ! !", " ,+," $ + ! /" ,% ! + + % @ $" ! ,-+ $ 4 -!" ! " " $"- !+ 0 " 3 3 1 ! % $ 9 " ! - $ ! ,-+ $ !$ , ! $ / ! - ! % 91 % 0 $", , , , " $ - ! ",", $ @ - " " 4 , $ ! % ! 5 $ @ - " " $"- !+ 0 $ !" - , ! - , , - ! " ! / ! ," @ ! " ! $ , ! " /+! ," $ !" " 9 " , !,"0 $ ! + + 4 , $ ! % $"- ! ! - $ , +", - $ - + 0 , - 0 % $" @ 0 $ + -+,"," , - 0 % , , " - 0 !" % , ! " % +- ! ,"+ - , !"+ - + 0 , - 0 % $" 3 ! $ !" - " " C- " " , % 4 ",", $ ! ! ," + " $ / $ " 9*. 4 ",", " " ! @ 0 " ! ,-+ ,% ! !, $" "$ !, $" 9 % ! " % ! !" ," % "0 " " $ ! - " - + 0 , - 0 !$ , ! - , !"+ - + 0 , - 0 % $" 3 ! $ / +!C/ +! - , @ % - ! 0" % 4 +$ + " $ -$"$ - ! ,-+ $ !, $" "$ !, $" % ! " % ! !" ,"4 ' +!C/ +! % $"$ - ! 0" - ,% ! !, $" "$ 9 % ! " % ! !" ," % "0 " " % " " - $"$" 9 0 - !@ " - $ - 9! -" 0= @ 0 ! 9+! " 9 0 @ ! ! 0 $ !" 9 4 ' +!C/ +! !, $" ! ! " ! 9 AA< 0 , , , - 0 ! 0 - + % ! " @ $ - !@ " - $ - " - $"$" $ , ! % ! 4 ' +! " $ @ ! ! 0 $ !" $" - ! ",", % " , ! - , ! - ! 0 " $ @ ! - " ! ,-+ $ " $" 1 - 1 , "3 !0 $ - - ! !, $" "$ !, $" " % ! !" ," % "0 " " $ ! - ! " ,", - + 0 , - 0 $" , +", - 4 *. ! - , 0 , +$ % $ - $" , " ," " " $ !" ! $ @ , " % 4 0 - *. % $" 9 !1 4 #22E % " "$ "/" ," ! $ @ , % $" 5 ," + , ! ," , !"+ 0"-+ " $ "," , " " + !4 , " ," / $ " % +- ! ,"+ $" " " : ,% ! !0 $ - - , !"+ - + 0 , - 0 $ 0 0 &

(5)

2E " + ! " $ - "/ % $"! , + 0 ,% ! " $ % , +", - $ ,", " $ , 0" , " , ! ! ,-+ $ 0 , , % $" 1 !, $" % ! ! !" ," % "0 " " $ 0 ! -$ ,", - + 0 , - 0 % "0 ! 0 " $ - "/ % ! ! , $ - $" " " "!4 % ! "0 " "0 , !"+ "+ , 0 " " $" ! , !"+ "+ , $" - , !"+ % - % " " " 0 % , ! / " 0"$ - ! , " $ - ! " @ 0 , - 0 @ $ -0 ," ! " % $ - $" / + 0 ,% ! + + 9 "+, 4 #22& 4 ,-+ $ % "$ !, $" % ! ! !" ," % " " , " , ! - $ 1 , "3 $" ! / +! @ ! 1 , "3 % @ 0 $ !" + ," , +", - , 0" $ "$ % - " ,", - + 0 , - 0 $" "$ !- ! 0 - $ 0"$ - ! 4 ( ," ",", ! ! ," + " - ! ,-+ $ !, $" "$ !, $" - $ 1 $ 1 , "3 " % ! !" ," , - 0 % "0 " " ! " $ - " - + 0 , - 0 $" , +", -$ ,", "0 ' / $ " ," ! ," $ "+ , @ 03 / +!C/ +! % - " - ! 0" - ! ,-+ $ !, $" "$ !, $" % ! ! !" ," % "0 " " % " - $ - $ @ ! -" $ !" + ," 4 $ - ! ,-+ $ !0 -+," "/ 9K $ -! ,-+ $ !, $" "$ !, $" % ! ! !" ," % "0 " " ! ! " , " " - $ - ! ,-+ $ , " " " - ! ,-+ $ !, $" % ! " % ! !" ," % " " - ! " ,", - + 0 , - 0 $" , +", - 0 " " $" ! ! ,-+ $ % !- $ - " " ! , % ! " % ! !" ," % " " $ " " , " % " 4 ! - " ! ,-+ $ $ !" + ," !0 "/ 9C $ -! ,-+ $ !, $" "$ !, $" % ! ! !" ," % "0 " " ! ! " 03 , " @ 0 @ ! ! 0 $ !" , " 1" - ! ,-+ $ !, $" % ! ! !" ," % " " - ! " ,", - + 0 , - 0 $" , +", -$ - ,", !, 4 ( " " $" ! 03 ! ,-+ $ % @ ! ! 0 % , " @ 0 $ !" % " ! ,-+ $ $" 1 , "3 "$ 0 " " ,", - + 0 , - 0 $" $ "$ ! , , $ - "/ $ !" $ % 4 " , - . *. $" ! 0 " " - ! " " , " % " - ! " $ % , +", - $ ,", " $4 + 0 , - 0 $ ,", " $ % ! " , ! " , "/ , - ! " % !@ $" , " " % " - 1 ! "! $" , "C, " % $ $ + ," - 1 ! $ ! 9 "$ , $ - , ! % % $" - " , " ! + ," 4 ( " " , " % @ , 0 ,% ! + 0 ! " - ! $" ! - ,", - + 0 , - 0 % , "$ % $ -! " " , ! " , "/ !, 4 !"+C, !"+ % $" 3 ! - $ ,% ! ! - ,", C,", - + 0 , - 0 % $" - $ - ! " " , ! " , "/ , ! ! $ "0 $ !" ," C ," , !"+ % " ) / 0 % " - + 0 , - 0 $ 1 ! , - 0 $"0 - ! 0" 1 - " ! $"- $ ! , - ! " $+7 ! $" $" -"," $ 0 $ $"- $ "4 $ " , " 0 !,

(6)

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

(7)

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

(8)

2A , 0" $ - $" , " - ! " $ - " "0 ,", - + 0 , - 0 % $" ! - 4 + ! !" ," !, $"0 ! - $ - -" " % +- ! ,"+ % $"- ! ! - ," C ," ,", - + 0 , - 04 " % +- ! ,"+ % $"- ! , - ! " $" -" - $ &4 &4 " % - ! ,"+ ! + - 0 - !"+ + 0 - 0 !"+ + -+ - ! - ! + , - 0 ( ! 9 - N " % - ! + , 0 9 -9 9 91 I " " !$ 0 9$ 9 I 1 6 $ 2 3 "0 ,"! - 0 - !@ , # + +! #< " !1 < $ ;#24222 #;<4222 E4222 D>4#;& >;24222 #;<4222 <24222 & #4AD + 4<;D4AD 4 $ , " $ - 0 - !@ , A2 ," +! #< " !1 < $ #4<22 #;<4222 E4222 D>4#;& 4 #24222 #;<4222 <24222 & #4AD + 4A<>4AD ," ! ," - 0 - !@ - + 0 , 1 $ +! #&# " !/ #< " !1 < $ # " #;<4222 E4222 E4222 D>4#;& #E>4#DE ;#24222 4&A#4<EE <24222 & #4AD <&E4<## + #4;AA42>> "+ , - 0 - !@ - + 0 , 1 $ +! A " ! #< " !1 < $ # " #;<4222 E4222 E4222 D>4#;& #E>4#DE ;#24222 4 ;<4;22 <24222 & #4AD <&E4<## + #4#< 4A## ) N I ( ! $" + + 0 #2 & I " " ( $+ + 0 #2 2 $" + -+ 1 $ I " " "% + 0 #2 # $" + ! / I " " ( !"0 , " 0 #22D $" + ! I " " + 0 #2 2 $" + + +! - ! - , - 0 ! 0 ! , % O 22 " !=0 !" $" $ " !" , % O + , - 0 0 ", #< " ! 0 !4 - 0 - !@ $ !" 0 ," - " " , % 0 #2 2 $" + -+ % " , , ! - D<4222= + $" $", , " $ + + 0 #2 &4 " + -+ 0 #2 2 0 #2 & % " $ !" - 4 <D4222= 9 - ! #2 @ $" - 4>2#4222= 9:"1 ,+ + #2 # " " , , ! 2 > " , $ + + 0 #2 & % " - 4; &4222= 4 + + , 0 " "0 ! $ 0 @" $" $" $ + -+ + 0 ! " $"- !+ 0 , 0 $ !" 2 > I 2 ;4 $ " " - 0 - !@ % " - #;<4222= + 92 ; 6 - D<4222 I D24222 4 + 0 , - 0 $ ,", " ," ! ," ! , % O 4&<; " ! - ," , ; + , - 0 , 0" + , - 0 ! #&# " ! , $ ,", "+ , % $"- !+ 0 $ !" - " " , % % " ! A " != + , - 04 - , $ , 1 $ ," - + 0 , - 0 9 / $ "+ , % $"- !+ 0 $ !" - " " , % % " , % < - , $ # " , 1 $ -" - , $ , 1 $ !, "$

(9)

2 $" " , " - $" - + 0 , - 0 " - $ ! 3 & - , $ E , - " 0 , 1 $ 4 & @ 03 " % +- ! ,"+ % $"- ! ! -,", " ," ! ," $ "+ , "0 , ! @" $" $" $ ,", "0 $ / $4 C! @ 0 , - 0 + + % , $" , +",

-$ 0 EA2 ## &= 9 #2 & -" "$ $" - ", 0 , - 0 9+! " $ +! " , 0" "$ $" 0 " - ! $" , - 0 +! " $ +! " 4 ", / $ $ "+ , 0 % $ - + 0 , - 0 +! " + 0 ! " - ! $ 0 - !0" " % +- ! ,"+ - + 0 , - 0 - ! $" , ," % % , - 0 +! " , 0 $ !" + , - 0 % " &;< &4 " % +- ! ,"+ - ! ," C ," , !"+ - + 0 , - 0 , - ! " $" -" - $ ;4 ;4 " % - ! ,"+ - !"+ + 0 - 0 +4 !"+ " % - ! ,"+ - ! + , 0 9 -M - 0 - ! 9 & " % - ! ,"+ - ! 0 9 -9 9 91 9$ I 9 6 1 6 # 4 #4 &4 ;4 2 3 "0 4 $ ," ! ," "+ , 4<;D4AD 4A<>4AD #4;AA42>> #4#< 4A## EA2 ## EA2 ##N EA2 ## EA2 ##N #4E<<4E&&4D#& ;4;;24<;#4E;&NN #24EAA42;E4#&# E4>AE4 ;#4;DANN 2 " . ) N 0 $ !" ! C! @ 0 , - 0 - ! % " &;< &4 NN " 0 $ - E4&#D4> E4>E# " % +- ! ,"+ "0 , 0 , - 0 +! " 4 ", / $ $ "+ , 0 % $ - + 0 , - 0 +! " + 0 ! " - $ " % +- ! ,"+ $ ,", !, 0 % $" " $ , 0 $ !" @ 0 , - 0 % " &;< & % $" , ," ! - @ 0 , - 0 +! " % , $" , +", - $ $ " " !,", , - 0 +! " 4 0 ! " ,", / $ $ "+ , $" 0 $ " % ,", "0 + 0 , - 0 +! " " % +- ! ,"+ $ ,", !, $" 0 $ , 0 $ !" " % +- ! ,"+ "0 % " - E4&#D4> E4>E# - ! 0 4 ( ," + 0 , - 0 $ ,", / $ $ ,", "+ , % " + -+, $ ! " $ - $"@ , 0" 0 ," - @ + -+, $ "+ , $ - ! " " % +- ! ,"+ % $"- ! ! - $ ,", !, 4 " 1" " " 0 $ , !"+ !, , - ! " % $" -" - $ <4 <4 " " 0 4 $ $ "+ , !"+ !+$ ," - ! & , - 0 +! " ( ! 9 -= N " " 0 - ! 9 -" -" 0 - ! 0 9 -1 I 6 $ I 1 6 # 4 $ "+ , ;22 + -+, 2 < <4222 ;4A2< EA24##2422 >;E4&#> >4#>#4E;24222 24 <E4<>D 2 " . ) N ( ! 0 #2 & $" + + " - & , - 0 +! " 0 ," ;22 + -+, 9 + #2 2 , 0" $"- !+ 0 " " 0 $ !" 0 ," - @ + -+, % " - #42224222= + &;< 6 ;22 6 - <4222 I - EA24##24222= 4 ! " % $"0 ," $ !" - + 0 & , - 0 +! " $ ,", "+ , % " 2 > & , $" 2 > & , , ! $ 2 < , 9 + !,"$" #2 & 4 ( ! - ! , - A4>2A 9 0 % #2 ; , 0" 0 ! 2 < , $ 0 - ;4A2<4 $ " " $"- !+ 0 " " 0 $ !" "+ , $ 0 &;< 6 2 < 6 - ;A2< I - >;E4&># - !

(10)

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

(11)

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

(12)

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