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FORMYMOSTPRECIOUSONESI NTHEWORLD MYFAMILY ,WHOM IEXTREMELYADORE
ii i v
S T N E M E G D E L W O N K C A
e l b i s s o p m i e h t f o l l a s e k a m o h w m i H k n a h t o t e k il d l u o w I , ll a f o t s ri F
s i H t u o h ti W . e l b i s s o
p blessing and guidance , Imigh tno thave the srtength and .
y a w e h t g n o l a s n o it a u ti s h g u o t r e t n u o c n e I r e v e n e h w n o y r r a c o t h ti a f
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S Iwould ilke to expres smy deepes tgrattiude to my thesi s N
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. n i h t d n a k c i h t h g u o r h t e m h ti w g n i e b r o f u o y k n a h T . y z a l g n i e b m a
s a e l t o n t u b t s a
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o whom Imigh tforgett omeniton,t herefore , I e
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e fi l r u o y n i s s e c c u s d n a s s e n i p p a h s u o d n e m e rt u o y h s i w I d n a , r e v e r o f
x i
S T N E T N O C F O E L B A T
E G A P E L T I
T ……… i
E G A P L A V O R P P
A ………... ii
E G A P E C N A T P E C C
A ……… i ii
Y T I L A N I G I R O F O T N E M E T A T
S ... . i v
I S A K I L B U P N A U J U T E S R E P N A A T A Y N R E P R A B M E
L ………... v
E G A P O T T O
M ………... ... vi
E G A P N O I T A C I D E
D ………... vii
S T N E M E G D E L W O N K C
A ……… . iv ii
S T N E T N O C F O E L B A
T ……… .… x i
T C A R T S B
A ……… …… xi
K A R T S B
A ………... xii
R E T P A H
C :I INTRODUCTION………... 1 .
A Backgroundoft heStudy………... 1 .
B ProblemFormulaiton………. . 4 .
C Objecitve so ftheStudy... . 5 .
D Deifniitono fTerms………... . 5
W E I V E R L A C I T E R O E H T : I I R E T P A H
C ... . 6 .
A Reviewo fRelatedStudies………... 6 .
B Reviewo fRelatedTheo ires……….. 8 .
1 Theoryo fMonologue……… . 8 .
2 Theoryo fSexua lTerro irsm……… 10 .
3 Theoryo fResistancei nRelaitont oRadica lFeminism... 16 .
C Theoreitca lFramework………. 42
Y G O L O D O H T E M : I I I R E T P A H
C ………... 2 5 .
A Objec toft heStudy……….... 2 5 .
B Approachoft heStudy………... 2 6 .
C Methodoft heStudy………... 7 2
S I S Y L A N A : V I R E T P A H
C ... . 2 8 .
A TheSexua lTerro irsma sSeent hrought heExpe irence sof n
i n e m o
W TheVaginaMonologues………... 2 8 .
1 Insidet heFamliyandWtihinMarirage……… 29 .
a “Hari”………. . 29 .
b “ Iwa sTwelve .MyMothe rSlappedMe.”………. . 30 .
c “TheLtilteCooch iSnorchert ha tCould”……….. . 32 .
d “TheMemoryo fHe rFace( Pa trI )”... . 34 .
e “CrookedBraid”……….. 36 .
2 Outsidet heFamliyandMarirage……….. . 37 .
x .
b “TheVaginaWorkshop”………. . 39 .
c “BecauseHeLikedt oLooka t tI”………. . 40 .
d “MyAngryVagina”……… 41 .
e “TheMemoryo fHe rFace( ParItI)”……… 42 .f “TheyBeatt heGri lOu to fMyBoy…ors oTheyT ired” 43 .
3 Wtihint heStiuaitono fWar………. . 4 5 .
a “MyVaginawa sMyVillage”………. 45 .
b “Undert heBurqa”………. . 47 .
c “Say tI”……… 48 .
B TheResistanceoft heWoment owardst he m
s ir o r r e T l a u x e
S ………. 5 1 .
1 Physica landVerba lResistance……… 52 .
a “Hari”………. . 52 .
b “MyAngryVagina”……… 54 .
c “TheLtilteCooch iSnorchert ha tCould”……….. 56 .
d “ Iwa sTherei nt heRoom”……… . 57 .
e “TheyBeatt heGri lOu to fMyBoy…ors oTheyT ired” 58 .f “CrookedBraid”……… . 60
.
g “Say tI”……… 61 .
2 Menta lorI nne rResistance……… 62 .
a “TheFlood”………. 62 .
b “MyVaginawa sMyVillage”………. 63 .
c “Undert heBurqa”………... 65
N O I S U L C N O C : V R E T P A H
C ……… . 66
Y H P A R G O I L B I
B ... 6 9
X I D N E P P
1
I R E T P A H C
N O I T C U D O R T N I
.
A Backgroundoft heStudy
d e t c e ri d e b l li w e w , ” m s ir o r r e t “ d r o w e h t r a e h r o e e s e w n e h w , m s ir o r r e T
b m o b e d i c i u s e h t s a h c u s s t n e d i c n i o
t rtagedies ,bankr obbeires ,ariplane shjiacks , r
a w c i n h t
e s , racia l massacres , and many othe r horirble incidents . However , ,
d l e if f e h S . J e l o r a C o t g n i d r o c c
a therei sadfiferen tkindoft erro irsm,t hekindt ha t i
c o s l l a o t l a r u t a n s m e e s d n a r a il i m a f e r o m s
i eites ,i ti ssexua lterro irsm .The m s ir o r r e t l a u x e S . s s a l c d n a , e c a r , e g a l l a f o n e m o w e r a m s ir o r r e t l a u x e s f o s t e g r a t
, y h p a r g o n r o p , t s e c n i , y r e tt a b e fi w , e p a r f o c it s ir e t c a r a h c n o m m o c e h t s i
.) 3 : 4 8 9 1 ( e c n e l o i v l a u x e s f o s m r o f ll a d n a , t n e m s s a r a h
g n i w o r
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a
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it
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n a , d i a r f a , e r u c e s n
i threatened wtihin the society ,wtihin marirage ,and even n
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w famliy .Fo rsomepeople,t heopinion t ha twomen arestli lconsideredweak v
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m e rsomef acts ,whethe rfrom t henew s ,
s k r o w y r a r e ti l r
o prove tha twomen are stli lvulnerable and are stli lbeing the r
o r r e t d n a e c n e l o i v f o t e g r a
t . Women are stli l being the vicitms o f sexua l .
r a e f , m s ir o r r e
t – theses rtategie skeepwomeni nas ubordinateposiitonwheret hey r
aedominatedbymen”( 2000 :153 .) m
s ir o r r e t l a u x e
S agains twomen i salsot hep irmary concern oft heradica l t
s i n i m e
f movement .A sstated i n Feminis tTheoryandLtieraryPracitce, “Theuse i
v l a u x e s f
o olence by men a sa srtategy fo rsustaining patirarcha lcontro lo f e
c n e n i m o r p o t e s o r n e m o
w a sa majo rfeminis tissue in the 1970s” (2000 :12 .) t s e fi n a M t s i n i m e F l a c i d a R k r o Y w e N e h T ‘ m o r f n e k a t s i t n e m e t a t s r e h t o n
A o : ’
l a t n e m a d n u f a s a n e m o w f o n o i s s e r p p o e h t s e z i n g o c e r m s i n i m e f l a c i d a R
e r e h w n o i s s e r p p o l a c it il o
p in women are catego irzed a san infeiro rclas s y ll a c it il o p e z i n a g r o o t m s i n i m e f l a c i d a r f o m i a e h t s i tI . x e s r i e h t n o d e s a b
x e s s i h t y o rt s e d o
t -clas ssystem .Asr adicalfeminist swer ecognizet ha twe a
e h t t a h t d n a , n e m h ti w e l g g u rt s r e w o p a n i d e g a g n e e r
a gen to fou r
e h t t u o s e ir r a c d n a h ti w s e if it n e d i e h s a r a f o s n i n a m s i n o i s s e r p p o
e l o r e l a m e h t f o s e g e li v ir p y c a m e r p u
s (quotedbyMadsen ,2000 :153 .) n
o e u s s i e h t y ll a u t c a t a h t n e e s e b n a c t i ,t n e m e t a t s r e h m o r
F sexual t erro irsm si
e c n o c a g n i m o c e b l li t
s rnamong radica lfeminist sbecausewomenarestli l rteated n
e m f o e t a n i d r o b u s e h t s
a ,based on thei rsexualtiy. Women are stli lterro irzed l
li w n e m o w d n a , x e s r i e h t n o d e s a
b alway ssrtugglewtihint heoppressionasl ong e
h t e v a h l li t s n e m s
a conrtol ove rthem .Therefore ,radica lfeminism aim sto e h t s a n e m y b n e m o w f o n o i s s e r p p o e h t d n e o t d n a n e m f o y ti r o ir e p u s e h t y o rt s e d
. m s ir o r r e t l a u x e s e h t s d r a w o t e c n a t s i s e r
r e l s n E e v
E also stated he rdeep concern toward sthe violence agains t ll
e w s i e h S . n e m o
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v women .In the book ,Ensle rprovide sthe monologue stha tare w
e i v r e t n i r e h n o d e s a
b s w tih vairou swomen around t hewo lrd .T hemonologue s t
u o b a g n i k l a t e r
h
T o se expe irence sin the monologues lead the wrtie rto see dfiferen tkinds fo e
p x e m s ir o r r e t l a u x e
s irenced by each interviewed woman .Each expeirence and h
c a
e thought o fthe women wli lalso be used to show the resistance o fthose n
e m o
w toward sthe sexual t erro irsm .However, no tal lmonologue sshow aclea r T
. ti s d r a w o t e c n a t s i s e r e h t d n a m s ir o r r e t l a u x e s f o e c n e d i v
e h erearealsosomeo f
s e u g o l o n o m e h
t tha tvaguely show the evidence o fsexua lterro irsm and the e
c n a t s i s e
r . The women ah ev dfiferen texpe irence and resistance because they ,
s e c a l p t n e r e f fi d m o r f e m o
c races ,cutlure ,ss ocieites ,andr eilgion .s s
e s o o h c r e ti r w e h t , y d u t s s i h t n
I TheVagina Monologuesast heobjec to f e
s u a c e b y d u t s e h
t thi sstudy aimst or evealt heresistanceoft hewomen t ha thave m
s ir o r r e t l a u x e s d e c n e ir e p x
e ,and Eve Ensle rprovide sthe evidence sneeded by y
d u t s s i h t t c u d n o c o t r e ti r w e h
t .Thiss tudyt irest os eebeyondt heexpe irence sand e
h
t response so fthose women to revea lthe fac ttha tactually women are stli l y
e h t d n a m s ir o r r e t l a u x e s g n i c n e ir e p x
e resis t ti .By rtyingt o seet her esistanceo f y e h t t a h t y b d n a n e m o w f o h t g n e rt s e h t w o h s o t s m i a o s l a y d u t s s i h t , n e m o w e s o h t
.s t e g r a t s a d e m i a l c e b r e g n o l o n y a
m A salsostatedi nt hebook ,“Endingviolence f o y r e t s y m e h t , n e m o w f o r e w o p t a e r g e h t o t g n i n e p o s n a e m n e m o w t s n i a g a
n e m o w f o y ti v it a e r c d n a y ti l a u x e s g n i d n e n u , d li w e h t , n e m o w f o t r a e h e h t , n e m o w
– andno tbeingafraid”( 2008 :xxiii.)
.
B ProblemFormula iton
, y d u t s e h t f o d n u o r g k c a b e v o b a e h t m o r
F the wrtier t hen formulates t wo :
.
1 How i st hesexualt erro irsm descirb ed through t heexpeirence sof t hewomen n
i TheVaginaMonologues? .
2 H oowd thewomenr esistt hes exualt erro irsm inTheVaginaMonologues?
.
C Objecitve soft heStudy
t f o s t s i s n o c y d u t s s i h
T w oobjecitves .Thef ris tonei st oidentfiythes exua l m
s ir o r r e
t through the expeirence sof the women, and the second i sto examine o
w e h t w o
h menr esistt hes exualt erro irsmthatt heyexpeirenced.
.
D Deifniitono fTerms
r e d r o n
I toavoidmisinterpretaitono fsomet erm sused ,thewrtie rprovide s f
o n o it i n if e d e h
t thetermsi n tisr elaitont ot het opicdiscussed. .
1 Sexua lTerrorism : i ti sa system tha t funciton sto maintain male e
c n e l o i v d e il p m i d n a l a u t c a h g u o r h t y c a m e r p u
s (Shef ifeld ,1984 :3 .)
.
2 Resistance : an ac t done by someone subordinate , tha t in t a h t , y ti li b i s s o p a t s a e l t a n i a t n o c d n a , r e w o p e g n e ll a h c o d , r e w o p o t e s n o p s e r
0 0 2 , n e g a h t n i V ( t c a e h t y b d e n i m r e d n u s t e g r e w o
p 7 :7) .Thef undamenta land u
l a v e v it a m r o n e l b i s s o
p eofr esistancei sti screaitono rexpansiono fspacef o r s
e c i o h c g n i k a
m … (2007 :21 .)
.
3 Radica lFeminism : aim s to desrtoy the sex-clas s system…Radica l m
o r f s e m o c n o i s s e r p p o s ’ n e m o w t a h t s e u g r a m s i n i m e
f women’s
e h t o t s s a l c r o ir e f n i n a s a n o it a z ir o g e t a
c clas s‘men ’on the basi so fthei r .)
6
CHAPTERI I
W E I V E R L A C I T E R O E H T
.
A Reviewo fRelatedStudies
m s ir o r r e t l a u x e s e h t e e s o t e r a y d u t s s i h t f o s e v it c e j b o e h
T through the
f o s e c n e ir e p x
e the women and to identfiy how those ow men resis tthe sexua l m
s ir o r r e
t that t hey expeirenced i n TheVagina Monologues. In order t o compare r
e ti r w e h t , y d u t s s i h t n i d e t a t s s t n e m u g r a e h t tr o p p u s o t d n
a provide sthef ollowing
e e r h
t relateds tudie .s s r e h c r a e s e r l a r e v e
S have used TheVagina Monologues ,radica lfeminism f
o t c e j b o r i e h t s a e c n a t s i s e r n e m o w d n
a study i n t hei raritcle sand undergraduate s
e s e h
t .Int hi spar,tt hewrtie rprovide sanundergraduatet hesistha twa swirttenon t e h t n o n e tt ir w s a w t a h t s i s e h t e t a u d a r g r e d n u n a d n a e c n a t s i s e r f o c i p o t e h
t opico f
m s i n i m e f l a c i d a
r , thefris tundergraduate thesi swa sw irtten by Hen irca Angeila n e e S n o i s s e r p p O s ’ n e m o W k c a l B t s n i a g a e c n a t s i s e R “ d e lt it n e o n r a m u S i t a w a ir d n I
s ’ ri a l c n i S l ir p A n i r e t c a r a h C n i a M e h t h g u o r h
t CoffeeWli lMakeYou Black”,t he d
n u d n o c e
s ergraduatet hesi swa sw irttenby RaynestaMikaelaI ndr iMaloenitlted s ’i h c u o t e S i m u r a H n i s r e t c a r a h C e l a m e F e h t h g u o r h t n e e s s a m s i n i m e F l a c i d a R “
y a r r a s i D n I y t u a e
B ”. Moreover ,the wrtie ralso provide san aritcle discussing t
u o b
a The Vagina Monologues b y Alyssa Reise renitlted “Ou rVaginas ,No t e
h t f o s i s y l a n A l a c it ir C A : s e v l e s r u
O VaginaMonologues” .
n o d e s u c o f s i s e h t e t a u d a r g r e d n u s ’ o n r a m u S i t a w a ir d n I a il e g n A a c ir n e H
s a e i v e t S w o
c a l B u o
Y k resistst heoppressionagains th .er Stevier esistst heoppressiont hrough , d e s s e r p p o g n i e b f o s s e n s u o i c s n o c r e h s e h c a e r e h s n e h W . n o it c a d n a t h g u o h t r e h
fl e s e v a h o t fl e s r e h s e r u s s a e h
s -respect .According t o Sumarno, i n t heend Stevie a
r a e p p a r e h d e g n a h
c nce into natura lAf ircan-Ameircan look and speak sup he r ”
d o o G t a h W “ d e lt it n e m e o p r e h h g u o r h t m o d e e r f t u o b a e c i o
v (2011:i x).
l a M i r d n I a l e a k i M a t s e n y a
R o’ sundergraduate t hesi sfocused on how the s
r e t c a r a h c e l a m e f o w
t in t heHarum iSatouch’i sBeautyI n Disarray, Noe tIo and ,
a k u s t a ri H o h c i a
R porrtay the spiir to fradica lfeminism in the stiuaiton where o
it i s o p e t a n i d r o b u s e h t n i e r a n e m o
w n unde rpatirarcha lsystem. According to n
a p a J , o l a
M wa sknown to hold the patirarcha lsystem tha tsubordinate women n
a dr est irctt hemf romgetitngt hesameoppo truniite swtihmeni nvairou saspect s .
e fi l f
o T hestiuaiton t hen provokest het wo f emalecharactersto ifgh tagainstt ha t h
ti w m e t s y
s thei ro ywnw a (2008 :x). d e s u c o f e l c it r a s ’ r e s i e R a s s y l
A ont hei ssue so fdomesitcviolenceandr ape n
w o r e h , e r u tl u
c expeirencea sawomana swel last heexpe irence so fherf emale -e v it a t n e s e r p e r t u b d e ti m il a d n a , y r o e h t t s i n i m e f , y li m a f d n a s d n e ir f d e if it n e d i
o t h c i h w h g u o r h t s n e l a s a p i h s r a l o h c s l a c it ir c f o t n u o m
a observeand t ostatethe
s s e n e v it c e f f
e fo The Vagina Monologues a s emancipatory feminis t theater . c
s i e h s , y ll a c if i c e p
S oncerned abou tthe ahisto irca l‘cu tlure o fvaginas’ tha tthe n o t c e f f e g n i z il a s r e v i n u s ti d n a , t u o b a d n a o t s k a e p s , r e l s n E e v E , r o h t u a s ’ y a l p
e t c a rt s b
e h t m o r
F three related studies ,the wrtie rposiitoned thi sstudy a sthe e
h t f o t n e m e l p m o
c threepreviou sstudies .Basically, t hi sstudy i st hecombinaiton e
h t n i d e s s u c s i d e r e w t a h t s e u s s i n i a m e h t f
o three previou sstudies .However , d
o s l a e r a e r e h
t fiferencesint heterm sandt heo irest ha tareusedi nt hi sstudy .Thi s a
s e d i v o r p o s l a y d u t
s dfiferen tperspecitve o f the resistance o fwomen agains t m
e t s y s l a h c r a ir t a
p in The Vagina Monologues . Instead o f discussing the e
t s y s l a h c r a ir t a
p m i n genera,l t hewrtiert irest o r eveal t heproduc tof t hesystem , .
m s ir o r r e t l a u x e s s i h c i h w
.
B Reviewo fRelatedTheories
e r a y d u t s s i h t n i d e s u e r a t a h t s e ir o e h
T et h theoryo fmonologue,t hetheory m
s ir o r r e t l a u x e s f
o andt het heoryofresistanceinr elaitonr adicalf eminism. These l
a n a o t d e s u e b l li w s e ir o e h
t yzet heproblemsi nt hiss tudy.
.
1 Theoryo fMonologue
n i n e m o w e h t f o e c n a t s i s e r e h t y fi t n e d i o t r e d r o n
I The Vagina
s e u g o l o n o
M ,the wrtie rneed sto analyze the women’s thoughts ,feeilngs ,and s
n o it c
a .Therefore, t hist heoryi sprovidedi n ordert o helpt hewrtie ranalyzest he n
e m o
w throught hewayt heys haret hei rexpeirencei nt hemonologue. g
n i d r o c c
A t So tefanie Lethb irdgeand Jarmlia Mlidor,fcharactersi n drama r
e h t o n a e n o o t k l a t y ll a c i p y
t , andt heentrieploti susuallycariredbyandconveyed s
n o it c a r e t n i l a b r e v r i e h t h g u o r h
t (2004: 122) .Stli laccording to Lethb irdge and l
, f r o d li
s t n a p i c it r a p e r o m r o o w
t ” (2004 :122) .Fu trher ,they explained that ,“A specia l , r e k a e p s e h t e d i s e b e g a t s n o t n e s e r p s i n o s r e p r e h t o o n e r e h w , e u g o l o n o m f o m r o f
d e ll a c s
i sollioquy”( 2004 :122). sA ollioquy i susually usedi n ordert opresent a n
i r e t c a r a h
c amoredetaliedwaysandalsoonamorepersonall evel .Therefore,i n o
t , d n i m r i e h t n o s i t a h w w o h s o t e l b a e r a s r e t c a r a h c e h t , y u q o li l o s
a explaint hei r
,s e v it o m d n a , s g n il e e
f da n toconveyt herit houghts( 2004 :122 .) o
n
A the rexplanaitonf romJ .A .Cuddonabou tsollioquy: m
o s f o n e tf o , h c e e p s a s i y u q o li l o s
A el ength, i n which acharacter ,alone s
e h t n
o tage ,expresse shi sthought sand feeilngs .The sollioquy i san .
q ( n o it n e v n o c c it a m a r d d e t p e c c
a v. )o fgrea timpo trance and the vairou s w
o h s o t t u p n e e b s a h t i s e s
u the srtength sand advantage so fsuch a n
o it n e v n o
c . tI sadvantage sare i nesitmable because i tenable sa dramaits t e
i d u a n a o t t c e ri d y e v n o c o
t ncei mpo tran tinformaiton abou ta paritcula r i
m f o e t a t s s i h : r e t c a r a h
c nd and heatr ,hi smos tinitmate thought sand s
n o it n e t n i d n a s e v it o m s i h , s g n il e e
f (1998 :838).
Monologue sand sollioquie shave one thing in common ,each o fthem .r
e k a e p s e l g n i s a s e v l o v n
i Thedfiferencebetweent hemi sno taboutt hes peake,ri t o
b a e r o m s
i utt heaudienceo rcharacter swho ilstentot hes peech. e
u g o l o n o m
A i sa speech given by a single person to an audience… A y
a l p a n i h ti w e c n e i d u a n a o t d e r e v il e d e b t h g i m e u g o l o n o
m …o ri tmigh t
d n a r e t a e h t e h t n i g n it ti s e c n e i d u a e h t o t y lt c e ri d d e r e v il e d e
b watchingt he
a l
p y .Bu ta sollioquy…i sa speech t ha tone givesto onesefl .In a play ,a f
l e s r e h o t s k l a t y u q o li l o s a g n ir e v il e d r e t c a r a h
c — thinkingout l oud ,asi t e
r e
w — so t hat t heaudience bette runderstand swhat i shappening t o t he ll
a n r e t n i r e t c a r a h
c y (http://www.clfifsnote .scom ,2014). x
e e h t m o r
F planaiton above, i tcan be seen t ha tthrough monologues ,t he e
b n a c s g n il e e f d n a , s t h g u o h t , s c it s ir e t c a r a h c s ’ n e m o
w idenitifed through thei r
. h c e e p
s Thi stheory wil lbe used to identfiy the characteirsitc sa swel la sthe t
x e t n o
.
2 Theoryo fSexua lTerrorism
.
a Component so fSexua lTerrorism
h c i h w y b m e t s y s a s i m s ir o r r e t l a u x e s , d l e if f e h S . J e l o r a C o t g n i d r o c c A
, n e m o w n e t h g ir f n e
m and by firghtening ,men conrto land dominate women .I t h
g u o r h t d e if it n e d i e b n a
c rape ,wfiebattery, i ncest ,pornography ,harassment ,and e
c n e l o i v l a u x e s f o s m r o f ll
a (1984 :3) .Stli laccordingt o Shefifeld,t here are ifve s
t n e n o p m o
c o fsexualt erro irsm :ideology ,propaganda,i ndiscirminateandamora l e h t d n a t s ir o r r e t e h t f o n o it p e c r e p s ’ y t e i c o s d n a , e c n a il p m o c y r a t n u l o v , e c n e l o i v
d e z ir o r r e
t (1984 :5 .) t
s ri
F ,ideology , stii auntieds e to fbeilef saboutt hewo lrdt ha texplainst he v
a s e d i v o r p d n a e r a s g n i h t y a
w ision o fhow t hey should be(1984 :5) .Shef ifeld s
e u g r
a tha t patirarchy i s the ideologica lfoundaiton o fsexism in almos t al l s
e it e i c o
s .The focu so fpatirarchal ideology i sthe supeirortiy o fmen and the e
m it e m a s e h t t a h c i h w , n e m o w f o y ti r o ir e f n
i providest hej usit ifcaiton fo rsexua l m
s ir o r r e
t (1984 :5). The cenrta lidea o fpatirarchy is mascuilntiy ,which mus t r o f y r a s s e c e n s c it s ir e t c a r a h c l l a d n a e c n e l o i v g n i o d f o y c n e d n e t e h t e d u l c n i
l a v i v r u
s ,such a saggression ,conrtol ,emoitona lreserve ,raitonaltiy ,and sexua l y
c n e t o
p (1984 :5). Mark Feigen Fasteau, i n TheMaleMachine arguestha tmen h c a e n i e c n e l o i v r o f y ti c a p a c f o d n i k e m o s e v a h y e h t t a h t f e il e b f o d n i k e m o s e v a h
f o e s a b d e m a t n u l a m ir p e h t s t n e s e r p e r e c n e l o i v r o f y ti c a p a c s i h T . m e h t f o
i n il u c s a
m t qy( uotedbyShef ifeld ,1984 :5). ,
d n o c e
S propaganda , tiist hesystemaitcdist irbuitonofi nformaitonf ort he y
g o l o e d i r a l u c it r a p a g n it o m o r p f o e s o p r u
propagandai st hereforebiasedo revenf alsei nformaitonbecause tispurposei st o d
e r c s i d o t d n a w e i v f o t n i o p e n o t n e s e r
p i tthe opposing point so fview .The r a l u p o p e h t f o s n o i s s e r p x e l l a n i d n u o f e b n a c m s ir o r r e t l a u x e s f o a d n a g a p o r p
d n a , y h p a r g o n r o p , g n i s it r e v d a , e r u t a r e ti l , c i s u m , n o i s i v e l e t ,s m li f s a h c u s e r u tl u c
s l
a o in the idea so fpatirarchy conveyed in science ,medicine ,and psychology 5
: 4 8 9 1
( ).
d ri h
T ,indisc irminate and amora lviolence ,they are the hear to fsexua l .
m s ir o r r e
t Accordingt oShefifeld ,everywomana tanyage ,a tany itmeandi nany e
c a l
p i sapotenitalt arge to fviolence(1984 :5- )6 . Susan Brownmille rarguest ha t a
s i e p a
r “…consciou sproces sofi nitmidaiton by which al lmen keep al lwomen r
a e f f o e t a t s a n
i ” (quoted by Shefifeld ,1984 :6) .Fu trhermore ,Shefifeld state s t
a h
t amoraltiy pervades sexua lviolence ,tha teventually cause schlid molesters , e v a h y e h t t a h t d n a t s r e d n u t o n o d n e tf o s t s i p a r d n a , s r e t a e b e fi w , s r e h t a f s u o u t s e c n i
e c il o p y b d e v o r p p a y ll a u s u e r a s w e i v r i e h t , r e v o e r o M . g n o r w g n i h t y n a e n o d
s e m ir c t a h t o s ,s e g d u j d n a , s r e y w a l ,s r e c if f
o ofs exua lviolencearer arelypunished :
4 8 9 1
( 6).
v t a h t s e t a t s d l e if f e h
S iolencemus tbeusedtomaintaint erro irsm ,however , s
u o u n it n o
c violencecanbecosltyandoverwhelming .Therefore,inordert omake e
r u
s the conitnuance o fsexua lterro irsm ,the fo trh componen ttha ti svoluntary e
c n a il p m o
c , i sused a sa srtategy (1984 :6) .Stli laccording to Shefifeld ,sexua l x
e s f o m e t s y s a y b d e n i a t n i a m s i m s ir o r r e
t -roles ociailzaitont hati neffec tinsrtucts m
o w d n a y ti n il u c s a m f o e m a n e h t n i s t s ir o r r e t e b o t n e
m en t o be vicitms i n t he
y ti n i n i m e f f o e m a
e h t d n a t s ir o r r e t e h t f o n o it p e c r e p s ’ y t e i c o s s i t n e n o p m o c t s a l e h T
. d e z ir o r r e
t So far ,thi s ifna lcomponen ti swha tdfifer ssexua lfrom poilitca l ,
d l e if f e h S o t g n i d r o c c A . m s ir o r r e
t in poilitcalt errorism ,societymay condemn o r l li t s y e h t , r e v e w o h , s w e i v l a c it il o p r i e h t n o g n i d n e p e d t s ir o r r e t e h t e n o d n o c
, d n a h r e h t o e h t n O . m it c i v e h t h ti w e z i h t a p m y
s ins exualt erro irsm,s ocietyblame s e
b o t d e v e il e b s i r e d n e f f o e h T . r e d n e f f o e h t s e s u c x e d n a m it c i v e h
t etihe r‘sick’ ,
f o d e e n n i e r o f e r e h t d n
a consideraiton from t hesociety ,or i sacitng ou tnorma l s
e ri s e d e l a
m (1984 :6 .)
.
b Type so fSexua lTerrorsim
.i Rape
t ,l l e s s u R . H . E a n a i D o t g n i d r o c c
A hegenerallyaccepteddeifniitonofr ape s
i “sexuali ntercoursewtih a female ,not t he wfieof t heperpertator ,wtihoutt he t
n e s n o
c oft hefemale”( quotedbyShefifeld ,1984: )6 .Inaddiiton ,Shefifeldstate s p
t a h
t assive resistance o rsubmission, even i n astiuaiton t hat i sconsidered l fie -s
a d e r e d i s n o c t o n s i , g n i n e t a e r h
t clear evidence tha tthe rape wa sagains tone’ s .)
7 : 4 8 9 1 ( ll i w
.i
i WfieAssau tl
f , d l e if f e h S o t g n i d r o c c
A o rmany centu ires ,i tha sbeen assumed tha ta b
s u
h and hast he irgh tove rhi swfie .Therefore, hei sbeilevedt o havethe irghtt o h
s i n u
p o rdiscipilneh iswfieeven wtih physica lforce .Moreover ,Shef ifeldstate s t
t a h
t here i seven a popula rexpression o irginated from Engilsh common law d
e ll a
r o p i h w a h ti w e fi w s i h h s i n u p y ll a c i s y h
p as itckbutt hes izecanno tbebiggert han b
m u h t s i
h (1984 :7).
.i
ii Sexua lAbuseo fChlidren
t l u c if fi d y r e v s i n e r d li h c f o e s u b a l a u x e s g n i n if e d , d l e if f e h S o t g n i d r o c c A
. y r o t c i d a rt n o c n e tf o d n a x e l p m o c s i w a l e h t e s u a c e
b In general ,sexua labuse o f n
i n e r d li h
c cludes: statutory rape , molestaiton , carna l knowledge , indecen t t s e c n i d n a , t c e l g e n d li h c , e s u b a d li h c , r o n i m a f o s l a r o m e h t g n ir i a p m i ,s e it r e b il
) 7 : 4 8 9 1
( .
. v
i Sexua lHarassment
m t a h t s e t a t s d l e if f e h
S any o fthe studie son sexua lharassmen tfocus on u
x e s e h
t a lin itmidaiton on thej obandats chool(1984 :8). Accordingt oLinFalrey n
i Sexua lShakedown :TheSexua lHarassmen to fWomen on t he Job , ti can t ake r o , n o p u g n it n e m m o c , t a g n ir a t s : n o it a u ti s g n i w o ll o f e ri t n e e h t r o y n a n i m r o f
, y d o b s ’ n a m o w a g n i h c u o
t request sfo racceptance in sexua lbehavior ,repeated e
p a r d n a , e s r u o c r e t n i l a u x e s r o f s d n a m e d , s e t a d r o f s e ti v n i d e t n a w n
u (quoted by
d l e if f e h
S ,1984 :8 .)
.
c Characterisitc so fSexua lTerrorism
.i Violenceagains tFemale sCut sacros sSocioeconomicLines
h t f o e n
O e mos tcommon false beilef si stha tsexua lterro irsm happen s n
o n , d e t a c u d e n u , r o o p e h t n i h ti w y l n
o -whtie communiite .s In realtiy , sexua l f o a ir e ti r c l a c i p y t o n e r a e r e h t e s u a c e b , y t e i c o s f o s d n i k l l a n i h ti w s r u c c o m s ir o r r e t
l a m o r f e r a y e h T . n a m e v i s u b a n
; s l e v e l n o it a c u d e d n a s l e v e l e m o c n i f o e g n a r y n a h ti w s e it i n u m m o c l l a m o r f e m o c
d e c r o v i d d n a , d e t a r a p e s , e l g n i s , d e ir r a m e r a y e h
t (Shef ifeld ,1984 :8- .)9
.i
i Crime so fSexua lViolenceAret heLeas tLikelyt oBeReported
r o c c
A dingt oFB ,I r apei st hemos to tfen committedand, att hesame itme, d
e tr o p e r r e d n u y l s u o ir e s o s l
a c irme. From the repo tred cases ,FB Iesitmate stha t e
l b i c r o
f rape occur severy six minutes ;i fadded wtih the calculaiton o fthe t
h g i m t i ,s e s a c d e tr o p e r r e d n
u beesitmatedt ooccu reveryt wominutes (1984 :9). r
e h t
O casest ha tareexrtemely under repo tred are chlid sexua labuse and .
t s e c n
i Fort hecaseo fchlids exua labuse ,Vincen tDeFranci sarguest hatt herei sa t
d n a e c n e d i c n i d e tr o p e r e h t n e e w t e b p a g e d i
w heactua lnumbe rofi ncidence ,“the e h t r e v o s e s ir t i s a n o o m e h t f o e g d e p o t e h t s t n e s e r p e r e c n e d i c n i d e tr o p e r
” n i a t n u o
m (quotedbyShefifeld ,1984 :10) ,meanst her epo tred i ncidencei sj us ta l
o h w e h t f o t r a p d e l a e v e r ll a m
s ei ncidence.
.i
ii Crime so fViolenceagains tFemale sHavet heLowes tConvicitonRates
t , d l e if f e h S o t g n i d r o c c
A hemain r eason f orunderrepo tred sexua lassautls .
d i a r f a e r a n e m o w e s u a c e b t a h t s
i Women are made beileve tha tmale’ ssexua l e
il e b y e h t , e r o f e r e h T . y ti li b i s n o p s e r ri e h t s i r o i v a h e
b vet hatt heyshouldstayslien t e
v i s s a p d n
a aboutt hei rvicitmizaiton ,becauseevent hough they r epo trt hesexua l s
tl u a s s
a done to t hem ,no one wli lbeileve them ,and a sthe resutl ,the offende r e
n o d s a h e h t a h w r o f d e h s i n u p e b t o n l li
. v
i BlamingtheVicitmo fSexua lViolencei sPervasive
e l a m a n
I -dominated society ,people t end t o blamet hevicitm and excuse .
r e d n e f f o e h
t Shefifeld argue stha tmen create a myth tha tvicitm so fsexua l s
e v l e s m e h t s t c e p s u s e h t y ll a u t c a e r a e c n e l o i
v .Theybeilevet ha tevery women ha s a dhi dendesriet obevicitmized,thereforewhent heyarei nvolvedi nani ncidence
y ll a u t c a r e h ti e y e h t , m s ir o r r e t l a u x e s f
o wliilng toparitcipateon t hevicitmizaiton n
e m y b d e t a e r c s a w h t y m s i h T . ti t u o b a d e il y e h t r
o inordert oavoid punishmen t m
s ir o r r e t l a u x e s f o t c a r i e h t r o
f (1984 :13).
d n a r e d n e f f o e h t s e m o c e b m it c i v e h t , h t y m e h t n o d e s a b t a h t e e s n a c e W
g n i c u d e s y b n o it a z i m it c i v e h t s e s u a c m it c i v e h T . m it c i v e h t s e m o c e b r e d n e f f o e h t
c n e d i c n i e h t g n it a p i c it n a r
o e ,whliemenast heoffende rwa sseducedandbecause s
e v l e s m e h t p l e h t o n d l u o c y e h t t a h t f
o and follow t hei rnatura lbiologica ldesrie . t a h t g n o r w g n i h t e m o s e n o d e v a h t s u m n e m o w s e v e il e b y t e i c o s t a h t s i t n i o p e h T
g ir
t gers exualt erro irsmt ohappen(1984 :14 . )
.
v Sexua lViolencei sNo tTakenSeriously
h t y m r e h t o n
A abou tthe sexua lterro irsm in society i sthat ,“When the o t s i e s n o p s e r n o m m o c a , d e i n e d e b r e g n o l o n n a c e c n e l o i v l a u x e s f o e c n e t s i x e
4 8 9 1 , d l e if f e h S y b d e t o u q ( ” ti e lt ti l e b o t r e d r o n i ti t u o b a e k o
j :15) .Thi smyth ,
o s l a , d l e if f e h S o t g n i d r o c c
a make ssexualt erro irsm t o be seen as l essi mpo tran t .)
5 1 : 4 8 9 1 ( r e tt a m s u o ir e s s s e l d n a
.i
v Sexua lViolencei sNo tabou tSex
h t o r G s a l o h c i N . A o t g n i d r o c c
A in hi s study ,Men Who Rape : The e
d n e ff O e h t f o y g o l o h c y s
e t c a r a h c d n a s e l o r r e d n e
g irsitc satt hei rownwli.lBydoings o ,womencanacqurie .t
n e d n e p e d n i e m o c e b d n a m o d e e r f ri e h t
l a c i d a r , y r a rt n o c e h t n
O -cutlura lfeminist s encourage women wtih an : s l o h c E e c il A y b d e n i a l p x e s A . ” s s e n e l a m e f “ s ’ n e m o w e z i s a h p m e o t e c i v d a
l a c i d a r
… -cutlura lfeminis texpressed t heview t ha t ti i sbette rfo rwomen e k il e b o t y rt t o n d l u o h s , d i a s y e h t , n e m o W . e n i n i m e f/ e l a m e f y lt c ir t s e b o t
g n i z i s a h p m e , n e m o w e k il e r o m e b o t y rt d l u o h s y e h t , y r a rt n o c e h t n O . n e m
m o w h ti w d e t a i c o s s a y ll a r u tl u c s e u tr i v d n a s e u l a v e h
t en…and
d n a s e u l a v e h t g n i z i s a h p m e e
d vitrues cutlurally associated wtih …
n e
m Moreover ,and i n t he i deal ,women should appreciatet hat ,desptie e m a s e h t d n a e n o e r a h s n e m o w l l a , s e v l e s m e h t g n o m a s n o it a ir a v l a r u tl u c
e c n e u lf n i s s e l e h t d n a , e r u t a n e l a m e
f m aen h ve on t hi snature, t he bette r :
9 0 0 2 , g n o T y b d e t o u q
( 5 -0 5 1 .)
l a c i d a r t a h t n e e s e b n a c t
I -cu tluralf eminist shavet heoppostieperspecitve s i h t o t g n i d r o c c A . n o it a n i m o d e l a m m o r f s e v l e s m e h t e e r f n e m o w w o h t u o b a
c s a m y b d e c n e u lf n i e r a n e m o w r e w e f e h t , p u o r
g uilntiy the better ,and women n a c n e m o w , y a w s i h T . n e m e k il e b o t y rt t o n d l u o h s d n a e n i n i m e f y ll u f e b d l u o h s
y n a e v a h t o n o d y e h t e s u a c e b m o d e e r f r i e h t n i a
g in lfuence from men and so t he e
m o c e b n e m o
w morei ndependen.t a e d i e ti s o p p o r e h t o e h
T s betweenr adic -al ilbetrairanf eminist sandr adical -t
s i n i m e f l a r u tl u
c s ea r ont hei rdfiferen tview saboutt hei ssueo fgender ,sexualtiy , .
n o it c u d o r p e r d n a
.
a View sonGender
tt e ll i M e t a
K ,a sone o fthe no itced radical-ilbetrairan feminist ,s insisted e
m o w f o s t o o r e h t t a h
t n’ soppression are bu ired deep in pat irarchy’ sgende r .
m e t s y
s Malecon rto lof t he public and p irvate wo lrd smaintains the stiuaiton o f ,
y h c r a ir t a
o t r e d r o n
I eilminate malecon rtol ,men and women have to eilminate gender— l
a u x e s , y ll a c if i c e p
s status ,role ,and temperament—a si tha sbeen consrtucted y
h c r a ir t a p r e d n
u (quotedbyTong ,2009 :52 .)
: n o it a d i m it n i t u o b a s i y h c r a ir t a p , t e ll i M o t g n i d r o c c a l li t S
i b s e t a r e g g a x e y g o l o e d i l a h c r a ir t a
P ologica ldfiference sbetween men and h
s y a w l a n e m t a h t n i a tr e c g n i k a m , n e m o
w avet hedominant ,o rmascuilne , o
, e t a n i d r o b u s e h t e v a h s y a w l a n e m o w d n a s e l o
r rf eminine ,ones…Mendo h
g u o r h t s i h
t insttiu iton ssuch ast heacademy,t hechurch ,and t he famliy , c
a
e h o fwhich jusit ife sand reinforce swomen’ ssubordinaiton to men , t
s o m n i g n it l u s e
r women’si nternailzaitono fasenseofi nfeirortiyt o men . n
a m o w a d l u o h
S refuse t o accep tpatirarchal i deology by casting of fhe r y
ti n i n i m e
f —tha t is , he r submissiveness/subordinaiton—men wli l use h
s il p m o c c a o t n o i c r e o
c wha tcondiitoninghasf aliedt oachieve.( 2009 :52) Millet talso observes in contemporary feminism a srtong effor tto desrtoy the
m e t s y s r e d n e
g which i sthe basic source o fwomen’ soppression ,and t o createa n
e m h c i h w n i y t e i c o s w e
n and women are equal sa tevery leve lo fexistence .
) 4 5 : 9 0 0 2 (
, r e v o e r o
M Shulamtih Friestone , anothe r radical-ilbe trairan feminist , d
e m i a l
c the mate ira l basi s fo r the sexua l o r poilitca l ideology o f female d
n a n o i s s i m b u
s maledominaitonwasr ooted i n t her eproducitver ole so fmen and n
e m o
w (quoted by Tong ,2009 :54). Friestone argue stha twhen both men and d n a e n il u c s a m e h t y a l p s i d n a c y e h t , s e l o r r e d n e g r i e h t m o r f d e e r f e r a n e m o w
e r o f e r e h t , e s o o h c y e h t s a s e it it n e d i e n i n i m e
f women would no l onger havet o be ,
t n e i d e b
o passive, and vulnerable ,a ind nstead , “men and women would be u
o c n
l a c i d a r , d n a h r e h t o e h t n
O -cutlura lfeministt hroughMarliynFrenchargue s ,t
a h
t “men’ soppression o fwomen lead slogically to othe rsystem so fhuman e l b i s s o p s i ti , n e m o w f o n o it a n i m o d s ’ n e m y fi t s u j o t e l b i s s o p s i ti f I . n o it a n i m o d
n o it a n i m o d f o s m r o f ll a y fi t s u j o
t ”( quotedbyTong ,2009 :5 6 .)
n r o b s a w d a y d e r u t a n / n a m o w e h t l o rt n o c o t e ri s e d s ’ n e m f o t u O
a , y h c r a ir t a
p hierarchica lsystem t ha tvalue shaving powe rove ra smany .
e l b i s s o p s a e l p o e
p O irginally developed to ensure the human r
o f e ri s e d e h t , l a v i v r u s s ’ y ti n u m m o
c powe rove rother srapidly became , y
l p m i s d e t a v it l u c e u l a v a , y h c r a ir t a p r e d n
u fort heexpeirenceo fbeingt he r
e b m u n , s s o b e h t ,r e v i g w a l e h t , e g r a h c n i n o s r e
p onei nt hepeckingorde.r )
7 5 : 9 0 0 2 (
s u o n y g o r d n a y l u rt f o n o it c u rt s n o c e h t t a h t s e u g r a y l a D y r a M , n o it i d d a n I o s r e
p n could no tbegin unles swomen reailze thei rvalue s and by reailzing , d
n a , r e h t o e h t e b o t g n i s u f e
r becoming selve swtih needs ,wants ,and i nterest so f n
w o r i e h
t (quotedbyTong ,2009 :60 .) n
i d e z i s a h p m e y l a
D Gyn/Ecologytha twomencanno tevensurviveasl ong s
a they remain in patirarchy .Therefore ,women should rejec tthe feminintiy , n i y h c r a ir t a p y b d e t c u rt s n o c s i t i e s u a c e b , d a b r o d o o g d e r e d i s n o c s i t i r e h t e h w
“ . n e m o w e t a n i d r o b u s o t r e d r
o Stirpped o fthei rfeminintiy ,women would be r
o r i e h t n i d e l a e v e
r igina l(prepatirarchal )female powe rand beauty” (quoted by )
1 6 : 9 0 0 2 , g n o
T .
.
b View sonSexualtiy
r , g n o T e ir a m e s o R o t g n i d r o c c
A adical-ilbetrairan feminist s challenge s r
o e h
t ie so fsexualtiy tha tseparates wha ti sconsidered to be the good ,normal , t
a ir p o r p p
a e, and heatlhy sexua l pracitce s from wha t seem s to be the bad , ,
l a m r o n b
n o it a r o l p x
e , and tha tfo rthem al lkind so fsex i sgood; wherea sradical-cutlura l r
f e e r f e b d l u o c n e m o w y a w t s e b e h t t a h t e e s s t s i n i m e
f om the subordinaiton i s
s u o m a g o n o m f o e c a r b m e e h t h g u o r h
t lesbianism.
.
c View sonReproduciton
l a c i d a
R -ilbe trairan feminist s see natura l reproduciton a s par t o f the l
a c i d a r , e ti s o p p o e h t n O . n e m o w e h t f o n o i s s e r p p
o -cutlural f eminist sbeilevet ha t .
n o it a r e b il s ’ n e m o w f o t r a p s i n o it c u d o r p e r l a r u t a n
l a c i d a r s a e r e h
W -ilbetrairan feminist s beileve women should substtiute i
c if it r
a a l fo r natura l mode s o f reproduciton , radical-cutlural feminist s e
v e il e
b ti i si n women’ sbesti nterests t o procreatenaturally .A swe shal l l
a c i d a r , e e
s -ilbetrairan feminist s are convinced the les s women are ,
n o it c u d o r p e r n i d e v l o v n
i the more itme and energy women wli lhave t o n
i e g a g n
e society’ s producitve processes . In con rtas,t radical-cutlura l e
r a s t s i n i m e
f convinced the ulitmate source o fwomen’ spowe rrest sin o
t r e w o p r i e h
t gestatenewl fie .Tot aket hi spowerf romawomani st ot ake r
e h y a w
a rtump card and to leave he rwtih an empty hand ,entriely u
v lnerablet omen’ spowe.r(2009 :74)
e e r f o t n e m o w r o f s y a w o w t s t s e g g u s h c i R e n n e ir d A , n o it i d d a n I
g n i n e k a w a e h t h g u o r h t s i t s ri f : n o i s s e r p p o d n a r o r r e t l a h c r a ir t a p m o r f s e v l e s m e h t
s u o i c s n o c l a n o s r e p f
o n ses in ordert o seet hedepth so fpatirarcha loppression and n
e m o w n o p u n o it c u rt s e d d n a e c n e l o i v e h t e z il a e r o
t … ;second i sby separaitng d n a n o it a n i m o d l a h c r a ir t a p m o r f t n e d n e p e d n i e b n a c n e m o w y a w s i h t , n e m m o r f
n a m o w a p o l e v e d y ll a u t n e v
e -idenit ifeds exualtiy( quotedbyMadsen ,2000 :178 .) ,
tt e lt r a B n n A h t e b a z il E o t g n i d r o c c
A “speaking ou tagains tdominaiton e
c n a t s i s e r f o t c a l a t n e m a d n u f s i n o it a d a r g e d d n
a ” (2004:71) .Moreove,r Barltet t e
v a h s t s i n i m e f w o h s e t a t
s argued t hat claiming women’ svoice i simpo tran tin f o l o b m y s a s i t i , e m it e m a s e h t t a d n a , s s e n s u o i c s n o c s ’ n e m o w g n i p o l e v e d
e c n e ir e p x e n w o r i e h t e r a h s n e m o w e s u a c e b e c n e d n e p e d n
.
C Theoreitca lFramework
e r a e r e h
T t eh re relatedt heo irest ha twli lbeusedi nt heanalysis .Theoryo f g
o l o n o
m ue i s provided in orde r to analyze the character s in The Vagina s
e u g o l o n o
M .Thist heorysuppo trs theothert wot heo ire sby providingt hedatao n e
c n e ir e p x e s ’ n e m o w e h
t o n sexua lterro irsm and thei rresistance toward si ttha t m
o w e h t h g u o r h t d e z y l a n a e b n a
c en’st hought ,sf eeilngs ,andaciton .s m
s ir o r r e t l a u x e s f o y r o e h
T i sused t o analyzetheact so fsexualt erro irsm y
b d e c n e ir e p x
e womeni nTheVaginaMonologues .Thist heoryi susedt oi dentfiy h
c a
e kindofs exualt erro irsmexpeirencedbyeachwomani neachmonologue. e
c n a t s i s e r f o y r o e h
T inr elaitont or adicalf eminismi sprovidedi n ordert o s
d r a w o t n e m o w e s o h t f o e c n a t s i s e r e h t e e
s thesexualt erro irsm in t hecontex to f y
r o e h t m s i n i m e f l a c i d a
r .
m u s n
I mary ,these theoire sa re used to answe rthe formulated problems . . r e h t o n a e n o o t d e t a l e r e r a y e h t e s u a c e b y r a s s e c e n e r a s e ir o e h t e s e h t , r e v o e r o M
e u g o l o n o m f o y r o e h
T i sused to identfiy the contexts o fthe women in each .
s a e d i d n a , s n o it c a , s e v it o m , s g n il e e f ,s t h g u o h t ri e h t h g u o r h t e u g o l o n o
m Fromt he
f , s t h g u o h
t eeilngs ,and acitons ,theory o fresistance examines the way women t
s i s e
r the sexual t erro irsm as t he form o fpat irarcha ldominaiton and oppression n
e m o w d r a w o
t in the contex to fradica lfeminism theory ,and then, theory fo r
e ti r w e h t s p l e h m s ir o r r e t l a u x e
s reveal sandidenitife stheact so fsexualt erro irsm r
a t a h
t eexpeirencedbyt hewomenin each monologue .Att heend,t heywli lalso e h t h ti w e n o d s i t a h t s i s y l a n a e h t n o d e s a b n o i s u l c n o c w a r d o t r e ti r w e h t p l e h
s e h t f o e c n a d i u
25
I I I R E T P A H C
H T E
M ODOLOGY
.
A Objec toft heStudy
s i y d u t s s i h t f o t c e j b o e h
T TheVaginaMonologues, which wa sw irttenby . 8 9 9 1 n i s k o o B d r a ll i V y b s e t a t S d e ti n U e h t n i d e h s il b u p d n a 4 9 9 1 n i r e l s n E e v E
s i r e l s n E e v
E a Tony Award winning playw irght ,pefrormer ,and acitvist whose e
d u l c n i e g a t s e h t r o f s k r o
w Floaitng Rhoda and the Glue Man ,Lemonade , s
t e g r a T y r a s s e c e
N ,and The Good Body .Moreover ,she also wrties et h poilitca l r
i o m e
m Insecurea tLast (2008 :173). e
h
T Vagina Monologues ha sbeen rtanslated i nto ove r48 l anguages ,a nd performedi nove r140countires .I i s t anarraitvebased onmoret hant wohundred
s w e i v r e t n
i done by Ensler involving a wide vairety o f women abou t thei r s
f o s e c n e ir e p x
e urviving sexua lviolence .Thi saward winning masterpiecegive s s
’ n e m o w l a e r o t e c i o
v deepes tfantasie sand fears ,guaranteeing t ha tno onewho y a w e m a s e h t e ti u q n i , x e s f o k n i h t r o , y d o b s ’ n a m o w a t a k o o l r e v e l li w t i s d a e r
n i a g
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