rd
THE 3 ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON TRANSFORMATIVE EDUCATION
AISTEEL
AND
EDUCATIONAL LEADERSHIP
Supported and Coordinated by:
Postgraduate School
State University of Medan
North Sumatera, Indonesia
Organized by:
Indexing By :
PROCEEDINGS
Emerald Garden Hotel, Medan - Indonesia
03-04 October 2018
Vol. 3, December 2018
Vol. 3, December 2018
2018
i
Proceedings of The 3
rdAnnual International Seminar on
Transformative
Education
and
Educational
Leadership
(AISTEEL 2018)
“
Education, Learning, and Leadership Innovation
”
Emerald Garden Hotel, Medan City, North Sumatera, Indonesia
October 3-4, 2018
Editorial Board
Editorial-in-Chief
Dr. Juniastel Rajagukguk, M.Si (State University of Medan, Unimed)
Deputy Editor
Dr. Saronom Silaban, M.Pd (State University of Medan, Unimed)
International Advisory Board / Scientific Committee
Prof. Dr. Kala Saravanamuthu (University of Newcastle, Australia)
Prof. Arjen EJ Wals (University of Gothenburg, Sweden)
Prof. Dr. Bornok Sinaga, M.Pd (Unimed, Indonesia)
Prof. Dr. Aytekin Isman (Sakarya University, Turkey)
Prof. Peter Charles Taylor, Ph.D., Med., B.Sc., Dip.Ed (Murdoch University, Australia)
Prof. Dr. Mukhlas Samani, Ph.D (Indonesia)
Prof. Dr. Jailani bin Md. Yunos (University Tun Hussein on Malaysia)
Prof. Dr. Nurahimah Mohd. Yusuf (UTM, Malaysia)
Assoc. Prof. Dr Pedro Isaias (University of Queensland, Australia)
Assoc. Prof. Elisabeth Taylor, Ph.D (Murdoch University, Australia)
Dr. Bambang Sumintono, M.Ed (Universiti Malaya, Malaysia)
Dr. Isma Widyaty, M.Pd (UPI, Indonesia)
Prof. Dr. Syahrul R, M.Pd (UNP, Indonesia)
Prof. Amrin Saragih, MA., Ph.D (Unimed, Indonesia)
Assoc. Prof. Ade Gafar Abdullah, M.Si (Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia)
Eng. Asep Bayu Dani Nandiyanto (Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia)
Prof. Dr. Hartono, M.Pd (Universitas Negeri Semarang)
Please cite the proceeding as
“
Proceeding of the First Annual International Seminar on
Transformative Education and Educational Leadership Vol. 3
” with the following
ii
Proceedings of the 3
rdAnnual International Seminar on Transformative Education
and Educational Leadership (AISTEEL 2018)
Preface
The 3
rdAnnual International Seminar on Transformative Education and Educational Leadership
(AISTEEL 2018) was held in Emerald Garden Hotel, Medan City-Indonesia on 3-4 October 2018.
This seminar is organized by Postgraduate School, Univesitas Negeri Medan and become a routine
agenda at Postgraduate program of Unimed now.
The AISTEEL is realized this year with various presenters, lecturers, researchers and students from
universities both in and out of Indonesia participating in, the seminar with
theme “Education,
Learning and Leadership Innovation.”
The plenary speakers coming from various provinces in Indonesia have been present topics covering
multi disciplines. They have contributed many inspiring inputs on current trending educational
research topics all over the world. The expectation is that all potential lecturers and students have
shared their research findings for improving their teaching process and quality, and leadership.
The third AISTEEL presents a keynote speaker and 4 distinguised invited speakers from Australia,
Singapore, Taiwan, and Malaysia. In addition, presenters come from various Government and Private
Universities, Institutions, Academy, and Schools. Some of them are those who have sat and will sit in
the oral defence examination.
There are 326 articles submitted to committee, some of which are presented orally in parallel sessions,
and others are presented through posters. The articles have been reviewed by double blind reviewer
and 198 of them were accepted for published by Atlantis Press indexed by International Indexation.
Meanwhile 83 papers were published in online International Proceedings indexed by Google Scholar.
The Committees of AISTEEL invest great efforts in reviewing the papers submitted to the
conference and organizing the sessions to enable the participants to gain maximum benefit.
Grateful thanks to all of members of The 3rd Annual International Seminar on Transformative
Education and Educational Leadership (AISTEEL 2018) for their outstanding contributions. Thanks
also given to Universitas Negeri Medan for published this volume.
The Editors
iii
Table of Contents
Titles and Authors
page
Design of Physical Practicum Tools on Rotational Dynamics Matter with
Scientific Concept
1
Fretty Doharni Ritonga; Nurdin Bukit; Betty M.Turnip...
Analysis of the Leading Sector and Its Effect on the Economy in Pakpak Bharat
Regency
6
Dinar Melani Hutajulu; M. Nasir; Arwansyah...
Analyze the Characteristic and Factors Cause of Bullying Behaviours in Early
Childhood
12
Fadhilah Syam Nasution; Anita Yus; Aman Simaremare...
Play Finger Painting in Creative Art Model to Help Smooth Motoric
Development and Creativity of Group a in Kindergarten at Aek Loba Pekan
Village
18
Lola Wita Harahap; Sri Milfayetty; Rosmala Dewi...
Maintenance of Gayonese Kinship Terms by Gayonese Minority Migrants in
Jabodetabek
22
Desi Purnama Sari; Siti Aisyah Ginting; Berlin Sibarani...
Effect of Functional Training and TRX Suspension Training on Body
Composition member Golden Fitness and Spa
26
Rafliansyah; Nurhayati Simatupang; Albadi Sinulingga...
Interpersonal Metaphor Used in the Boss Baby Movie
29
Khairuni Syafitri; Siti Aisyah Ginting; Anni Holila Pulungan...
Speech Act in Indonesia Lawyers Club: KPK vs Novanto
32
Theresia Fransiska Sidabutar; Zainuddin; Busmin Gurning...
The Effect of Instructional Strategy and Style Ofthinking Secuential on Students
Outcome MAN Medan
36
Siti Aisyah Hanim; Tiur asih siburian; Darwin...
The Effect of Cooperative Learning Models and Self Efficacy on Student
Mathematics Learning Outcomes
39
Sabdo Puji Rahayu; Mukhtar; Keysar Panjaitan...
Ideational Grammatical Metahpor in Reading Texts for Senior High School
English Textbooks
43
Diemam Ferzhawana; Siti Aisyah Ginting; Zainuddin...
Effect of Soft Modification on Student Learning Results PAB 13 Kwala Begumit
Private Vocational School
47
Iskandar Fahmi...
Differences in Metacognitive Ability of Students Through Learning Realistic
Mathematics Education and Problem Based Learning in Pangkalan Susu Senior
High School
51
Chairi Mutia Lubis; Waminton Rajagukguk; Kms.M.Amin Fauzi...
Development of Interactive Learning Media Projection of Working Drawing on
Students of Class X TKR in SMK Markus 2 Medan
56
Irwan Panggabean; R. Mursid; Samsidar Tanjung...
Metaphor of Modality in Donald Trump’s Speech in
United Nation General Assembly 2017
60
Nursyah Handaya; Siti Aisyah Ginting...
Traditional Sport Of Silek Tuo In Minangkabau Community (a study of Silek tuo
iv
Prima Nanda; Sabaruddin Yunis; Agung Sunarn...
Improved Student’s Generic Science Skills With The Application of Cooperative
Learning Models Based on Batak Culture
66
Rika Sari Indah Harahap; Derlina; Rahmatsyah; Sahyar; Bornok...
Management Development Athletes of Shorinji Kempo North Sumatra Region
71
Arti Kurniaty Bangun...
Efforts to Improve Learning Results Free Basketball Shot (Free Throw) Through
The Application of Teaching Style Inclusion
75
Bob Rahmat Manalu... ...
Development of Egosan Engineering Extension Models with Straight Sticking in
Pencak Silat
77
William Filipus; Amir Supriadi; Tarsyad Nugraha...
The Development of Interactive Learning Media of Athletic on Physical
Education in SMP Negeri 15 Medan
81
Akhmad Khaidir; Budi Valianto; Tarsyad Nugraha...
The Effect of Learning Model and Self-Reliance Learning toward Science
Learning Outcomes
84
Rohima; Mukhtar; Samsidar Tanjung...
The Effect of Learning Method and Kinesthetic Perception on The Learning
Outcomes of Lay Up Basketball
88
Saiful Adrian; N
urhayati Simatupang; Suprayitno………....
Analysis Of Physical Education Teacher Management Skills In State Elementary
School Sub-District Medan Tembung
91
Syahrul Effendi Nasution; Amir Supriadi; Albadi Sinulingga...
Innovation Of The Speed Model Using Running With The Ball Techniques In
Football
95
Julio Roberto; Amir Supriadi; Novita... ...
The Development of Penetration Drill Training Technique of Wrestling Sport
99
Ihsan Idris Silalahi; Jan Bobby Nesra Barus...
Speech Function of Anies Baswedan’s
Speech in Approval Ceremony as the
Governor of Jakarta in the Period of 2017-2022
102
Ahmad Rifa’i Ritonga; Sumarsih
... ...
Development of Web-Based Learning Media to Enhance Writing Capability of
Biography Text of Student Class X SMA
105
Rencus B. Sinabariba, Tiur Asi Siburian, Mutsyuhito Solin...
Implementing the Teaching Supervision by Principals in Improving the
Performance of Teachers in Aceh Besar
109
Said Ashlan... ... ...
Female Principal Leadership
115
Hendro Widodo; Hengkang Bara Saputra... ...
The Ways of Rohingya Teenagers in Medan Realized Their Language Attitude
120
I Wayan Dirgayasa; Rahmat Husein; Lonni NurIffah Nasution...
Metaphor in Umpasa of Saurmatua Toba Batak Ceremony
124
Heppy Yersin Digita Purba; Rahmad Husein; Anni Holila Pulungan...
The Influence of Part Method, Whole Method and Determination Exercise
Methods on Improving Exercise in the Sports Branch of Pencak Silat Single Art
Category of College Students SPDKK (Art of Kencana Kwitang Self Defense)
Deli Serdang Year 2018/2019
127
Mawar Sari... ... ...
v
Philosophy
of Rakut Sitelu
Desi Haryati Nianggolan...
Evaluation of Implementation of Sustainable Professional Development (PKB)
for Junior High School Physical Education Teachers to Increase Professionalism
in Tebing Tinggi City
135
Mhd Fazar Afandi...
Development of Innovative PJOK teaching materials on floor gymnastics
materials to improve learning outcomes of Grade Students at Junior Hight School
138
Bangun Saragih...
The Influence of the Discovery Learning Model assisted with Image Media and
Motivation Against Civics Learning Outcomes of Students in Class IV of Public
Elementary Schools 055980 Aman Damai 2017/2018
142
Heryansyah Ginting; Dede Ruslan; Reh Bungana Br.Perangin-angin...
Development of science teaching materials based on Science Technology Society
(STM) and its influence on learning outcomes of fourth grade students of MIN
Medan Tembung
149
Diah Hafizhotul Husna; Nuraini; Ramlan Silaban...
The Improvement of Cooperative Learning Model Application Skill in Numbered
Head Together Through Clinical Supervision of Art Teacher in SDN 060886
Medan Baru
154
Unita Vitta Omas Sianturi; Martua Manullang; Rosmala Dewi...
Gold of North Sumatera Program Coach Performance
159
Suyono; Hariadi; Supryetno...
Transitivity Systems Analysis of Bilingual Civic 3 Education Textbook for Grade
XII
163
Jusup Sitepu; Anni Holila Pulungan; I Wayan Dirgeyasa Tangkas...
The Lecturer Performance Development of the STKIP Bina Bangsa Getsempena
Banda Aceh
169
Saiful Bahri...
The Interference of Batak Mandailing Language to Indonesian (In The Interaction
At The Seventh
Grade Students Of Madrasah Tsanawiyah Swasta Al-Azhar
Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan Padang Sidimpuan)
175
Siti Jahria Sitompul; Abdurrahman Adisaputera; Sumarsi...
The Influence of Microbiology Dictionary and Microbiology Textbook
Utilization in the Contextual Learning Framework on Biology Students Higher
Order Thinking Skills
177
Kiki Rizqi Sahara; Hasruddin; Ashar Hasairin...
The Differences of Learning Style and St
udents’ Creativity to Students’
Achievement in Dribbling the Ball in Playing Football of Seventh Grade Students
of SMP Ar
–
Rahman Percut
180
Muammar Afif Marpaung; Imran Akhmad; Rahma Dewi...
Development of Gobag Sodor Game Model to Increase Interest in Elementary
Students
184
Siska Nova Undari...
The Influence of Research-Based Learning with Portfolio Assessment on Science
Process Skills in Microbiology Course for Biology Program Students
187
Saudah Rahmayanti; Hasruddin; Tumiur Gultom...
The Influence of Teaching Style and Confident Against the Results of a Study of
Shooting in the Game of Football (Experiment Studies the Self Check Style and
vi
Tembung Sabilina)
Muhammad Syaiful; Ramadhan Harahap...
Development of Mirror Writing Teaching Materials Based on Class XI Media
Literation of Lolomatua 1 State High School
195
Yanida Bu'ulolo; Biner Ambarita; Marice...
The Development of Teaching Materials for Technology- Assisted Procedure
Text in Vocational High School
197
Nova Andarini; Biner Ambarita; Malan Lubis...
Development of Adobe Flash Based Floor Gymnastics Media Learning on Health
Sport Education Lesson
201
Hardiansyah...
The Effect of Learning Approach and Linguistic Competence Capability Reading
The English Narative Text of Student SMA Negeri 6 Padangsidimpuan.
206
Sukriyah Batubara; Keysar Panjaitan...
……….
Analysis Effect of Household Consumption, Investment and Labor to Economy
Growth In Sumatera Utara
209
Richna Handriyani; Arwansyah; Sahyar...
Idioms Translation Strategies in Pasung Jiwa Novel English Version
213
Hariyanto; Amrin Saragih; Sumarsih...
Code Mixing in Novel: A Case of Indonesian Literary Work
216
Nurul Hidayanti Hasibuan; Amrin Saragih; Sumarsih...
Logico-Semantic Relation in Presidential Debate Between Hillary Clinton and
Donald Trump
221
Annisa Risma Khairani Lubis; Della Fransiska Ginting; Jumino Suhadi...
Semiotic Meanings in Cigarette Advertisement Texts
227
Rodearta Purba; Zainuddin; Amrin Saragih...
Modality as Hedging Device in the US Presidential Election Debate
232
Roobby Hamdanur; Anni Holila Pulungan; Zainuddiin...
The Improving Mathematical Communication Ability Through Realistic
Mathematical Approach Based on Toba Batak Culture
235
Aman Sanusi Siregar...
Speech Functions of Doctors and Patients on Medical Consultation Process
239
Resti Citra Dewi; Anni Holila Pulungan, Sumarsih...
The Development of Venturimeter Instrumentation in Dynamic Fluid
243
Zahrani Dalimunthe; Rahmatsyah; Derlina...
Lexical Metaphors in Onang-onang of Bobby and Kahiyang Tortor Dance
246
Siti Rahma Ritonga; Anni Holila Pulungan; Didik Santoso...
The Discourse Markers in President Joko Widodo’s Speeches in KTT APEC
China in 2015
249
Syahbuddin Nasution1; Busmin Gurning; I Wayan Dirgayasa Tangkas...
Preparation of Papers in Two-Column Format for AISTEEL Conference
Proceedings
Translator’s Strategies in Transferring Cultural Values in Ratatouille
Film
254
Femy Septiani; Anni Holila Pulungan...
Lexical Metaphor In Printed Car Advertisements
258
Misdiana; Siti Aisyah Ginting; Amrin Saragih...
Political Discourse Analysis of Donald Trump Political Speech
263
Elisa Silviani Siregar; Prof. Dr.Zainuddin, M.Hum; Prof.Dr. Sri MindaMurni,
MS... ...
vii
Nurliana Harahap; Mahendra Ginting Manik; Indah Listiana...
Appraisal of Healthy Product Advertisement on Television
274
Nurun Nazipah Harahap; Siti Aisyah Ginting; Rahmad Husein Napitupuluh...
Lexical Metaphor in Andrea Hirata’s “The Dreamer” Novel
277
Nurul Sa’adah; I Wy. Dirgeyasa; Siti Aisyah Ginting
...
Impoliteness Strategies Used by Governor Candidates of DKI Jakarta in Governor
Election Debate 2017
281
Sri Minda Murni; Busmin Gurning
……
...
Intertextuality in Travel Umroh Advertisement
287
Afifah Nurul Khoirot Nasution; Anni Holila Pulungan; Eddy Setia...
Intertextuality on Oral Discourse in Sari Matua Batak Toba Ceremony
290
Dyan Yosephin Hutagalung; Anni Holila Pulungan; Rahmad Husein...
The Effect of Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) Peel to Creatine Kinase
Serum in Male Rats (Rattus norvegicus) with Fatigue from Swimming
293
Rika Nailuvar Sinaga; Jumadin IP; Zulaini...
Analysis of Technology Utilization to Measure The Throw Distance of The Ball
on Hammer Throw
296
Riki Prastian; Agung Sunarno; Sabaruddin Yunis Bangun...
The Interactions of Social Stratification and Karonese Register in Giving Pedah
Pedah Perjabun
300
Elkana Putra Tarigan; Amrin Saragih; Siti Aisyah Ginting...
Implementation Management Training Volleyball Club of Pertamina Year 2017
305
Reza Wibowo; Sanusi Hasibuan; Budi Valianto...
Lexical Metaphor in Printed Car Advertisements
308
Misdiana; Siti Aisyah Ginting; Amrin Saragih...
Improving Students’ Reading Comprehension
Ability In Descriptive Text
Through Flashcard
309
Aisya Hartati...
The Role of Teacher’s Training Model and Technological Approach to the
Improvement of Teachers’ Professionalis
312
Intan Sufiah Batubara...
The Difficulties of Students at the Second Year of St.Thomas 3 Senior High
School Medan in Translating English Idioms into Indonesian
315
Fitri Susi Sinurat...
The Effect Of Applying The Great Wind Blows Strategy On The Students’
Vocabulary Mastery
321
Gisca Irdayana Lubis...
Attitude of Examiners in Thesis Convocation
325
Mara Sutan Siregar...
Politeness Strategies in Mandailing Wedding Ceremony
329
254
Preparation of Papers in Two-Column Format for
AISTEEL Conference Proceedings
Translator
’
s Strategies in Transferring Cultural Values in Ratatouille Film
Femy Septiani
Anni Holila Pulungan
Linguistik Terapan Bahasa Inggris
UNIMED Medan, Indonesia
Abstract— Translation of cultural expressions is problematic,
for the fact that the formation of such expressions is highly influenced by culture. There are culture-bound expressions that are exclusive to certain communities and environments and non-existent in others. This complicates translating those expressions as the receptive language lacks equivalents. Therefore, translators should adopt certain translation strategies that can reflect an approximation of those expressions, or provide an acceptable compensation for an inescapable cultural loss. Translator has to face a challenge in translating cultural aspects from a source language to a target language. This study analyzed the strategies used by translator in transferring the cultural values in Ratatouille film, in which there were so many cultural terms. The research conducted was descriptive-qualitative by using content analysis as the technique of collecting data. This study used theory triangulation. Based on the study, it was got that there were eight strategies applied by the translator in transferring the cultural terms in Ratatouille film; those were: translation by a more general word, translation by a more neutral/less expressive word, translation by cultural substitution, translation using a loan word or loan word plus explanation, translation by a related word, translation by unrelated words, translation by omission, and translation by illustration.
Keywords—culture, translation, translator’s strategies
I. INTRODUCTION
Translation is very crucial in human life. By translation, foreign language is not a challenge for them to get any information. Newmark (2001) says that translation, as a process, is a complicated operation with various forces operating in various directions [1]. Often operating in opposite directions also; an example of this fact may be the divergent problems occur when the culture of the source language is not the same as those forms in the target language. The translator has to find a way to convey the culture, so that the readers of the target language can catch the cultural message. The same
255 II.
A. Culture
Culture is an extremely complex and enormous subject. In the field of translation studies, due to the cultural turn, the culture heat is escalating; therefore culture appears more frequently in the literatures of translation theories. Some translation theorists even claim that translation equals culture; that is, translation is transference of culture. Quite a lot translation theorists have given their own definitions on culture. Newmark (2001) defines culture as the way of life and its manifestations that are peculiar to a community that uses a particular language as its means of expression [1], while Nida and Taber (1982) define culture as the totality of beliefs and practices of a society [2]. British anthropologist, Tylor (1990), states that culture is complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, arts, morals, customs and any other capacities and habits acquired by man as a member of society [3].
Anthropologists propose that the culture can be divided into four categories: material, social, ideological, and artistic. Material culture includes products of human manufacture, such as technology. Social culture pertains to people’s forms of social organization and how people interact and organize themselves in groups. Ideological culture relates to what people think, value, believe, and hold as ideals. The artistic culture includes such activities and areas of interest as music, sculpture, painting, theater, cooking, writing, and fashion. Anthropologists often study how these categories of culture differ across different types of societies that vary in scale (size and complexity).
B. Translation
Generally, translation is a set of actions performed by the translator while rendering the source text into another language or target text. There are some considerations which stresses on rendering meaning of the source language text into the target language text as what is intended by the author.
Nida and Taber (1982: 12) state that translating is reproducing the closest natural equivalence in the receptor language from the source language message [2]. This definition is more comprehensive than the previous ones. Nida and Taber explicitly state that translation is closely related to the problems of languages, meaning, and equivalence.
Hatim and Munday (2004: 6) define translation as the process of transferring a written text from source language to
target language [4]. In this definition, they do not explicitly express that the object being transferred is meaning or message. They emphasized on translation as a process.
Furthermore, Brislin (1990: 1) states that translation is the general term referring on the transfer of thoughts and ideas from one language (source) to another (target), whether the languages are in written or oral form [5]. According to Brislin (1990: 28), a translator should know both the source and the receptor language, should be familiar with the subject matter, and should have some facility of expression in the receptor language Thus, in translating; a translator should have knowledge about the text he/she translates.
Based on the definitions mentioned above, it is found that translation is a process which is intended to find meaning equivalence in the target text.
According to Baker (1992), the target text, that is the translation, is not fully identical with source text as to its form or content due to the limitations imposed by the formal and semantic differences between the source text and target text. [6]. In further explanation, he states that the presumption of semantic identity between source text and target text is based on the various degrees of equivalence of their meanings.
Correlation between Culture and Translation
Newmark (1988) states that translation is correlated with culture because every culture has its own language. In his opinion, the process of translation does not only refer to the process of translating language but it also involves the process of transferring culture [1]. He explains that transferring or translating cultural message can be problematic. He says that it happens due to the differences of culture from both languages; this problem depends on how big the cultural gap between source language and target language. The problems occur when the term in source language does not have the equivalence in the target language.
Other expert, Brislin (1990:1), explains that translation is the general term referring to the transfer of thoughts and ideas from one language (source) to another (target), whether the languages are in written or oral form [5]. In his opinion, toughts and ideas reflected through culture must be transferred into target language properly; therefore in translating, it is necessary to consider cultural aspects in order to make decision wisely.
C. Translation Strategies
According to Molina & Albir (2002), strategies are the procedures (conscious or unconscious, verbal nonverbal) used by the translator to solve problems that emerge when carrying out the translation process with a particular objective in mind [7]. Strategies open the way to find a suitable solution for a translation unit. The solution will be materialized by using particular strategies. These are the strategies used in translating cultural terms adopted from Baker (1992).
a. Translation by a more general word (superordinate)
256 This strategy is used when the concept of culture from source
language does not have the exact equivalence in target language; thus, the translator translates the term by using the more general word which has less expressive meaning. It also happens since the translator feels that the translation of expressive word will sound impolite or does not suit to the target reader.
c. Translation by cultural substitution
In this strategy, the term is replaced with another term in the target language that gives the same effect with the word in the source language. It happens since the translator cannot find the equivalence in the target language or since the target reader is not familiar with the term; thus, cultural substitution is done to make the reader become easier to understand the translation.
d. Translation using a loan word or loan word plus
explanation
In this strategy, the cultural terms are not translated or the translation still uses the source language’s term. It happens since the translator finds difficulty to translate the cultural terms or the translator cannot find the equivalence in the target language. The loan word sometimes comes with an explanation to make the readers fully understand the term.
e. Translation by paraphrase using a related word
In this strategy, the term is paraphrased in the target language in the different form.
f. Translation by paraphrase using unrelated words
In this strategy, the term is paraphrased but without using its related word. The term is unpacked in the target language so the audience will get the message.
g. Translation by omission
The strategy is applied when the word translated does not change the message transferred. It happens since the word may distract the reader with long and repeated explanation.
h. Translation by illustration
The strategy is applied when the target language may lack of understanding of certain objects coming from source language. An illustration can give better understanding to the target language better than paraphrasing it.
III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The research was descriptive-qualitative. The method applied in this research was descriptive method. The research analyzed the strategy applied by the translator in transferring cultural values in Ratatouille film. The data of study were the phrases which contained cultural terms found in dialogue script of Ratatouille film having duration 1.51 minutes produced in 2007 by Walt Disney and the translation in Indonesian language held by PT. Vision Interprima Pictures. Source of data was the internet, by which Ratatouille film was downloaded. The technique of collecting data was content analysis. The procedures used were downloading the film, watching the film, reading the script and subtitle, underlining every dialogue which contained the cultural terms, and giving number to each datum. After being collected, the data were analyzed and categorized into the types of translation strategy based on Baker’s (1992) theory. This study used theory
the interpretation of the phenomena.
IV. FINDINGS
There were some strategies applied by the translator in transferring the cultural values in Ratatouille film in order viewers of the film can get the real message of the film. These are the strategies applied by the translator.
Translation by more general word
The strategy is used as the target language does not have the equal equivalence of the term in source language.
Datum:
“It’ll toughen the pheasant”.
“Kaldunya jangan mendidih, daging ayamnya bisa keras.” In the sentence above, the term pheasant is translated into
daging ayam. Actually, pheasant is more specific than daging
ayam. Daging ayam is still more general because pheasant is a
specific kind of chicken. In this case, the translator uses general word; that is daging ayam.
Translation by a related word
In this strategy, the term is paraphrased in the target language in the different form. the breast meat and legs. The term is then paraphrased in the target language because the target language is not familiar related word because there is no equivalence of the term in the target language. Thus, the term is unpacked in the target language so the audience will get the message.
Datum:
“We have some veal stomach soaking, yes?”
“Kita punya rendaman perut anak sapi, kan?”
Veal is the meat from a young cow. The term veal does not
have the equivalence in the target language. Thus, the meaning is unpacked to clarify the message. The translator then translates it into anak sapi. By using the term anak sapi,the propositional meaning of the term is maintained.
257 context situation in this sentence is that it is uttered during the
meal rush to express the stir in the kitchen.
Translation by a loan word or loan word plus explanation In this strategy, the cultural terms are not translated; the translation still uses the term in the source language. It happens since the translator finds difficulty to find the equivalence in the target language or the concept of the term in the source language is unfamiliar to the target language. Datum:
“You didn’t put rosemary in there?”
“Kau tak masukkan rosemary ke supnya?”
Rosemary is not translated because the translator cannot find
the equivalence in the target language. Rosemary is an
aromatic evergreen Mediterranean shrub (Rosmarinus
officinalis) having light blue or pink flowers and grayish-green
leaves that is used in cooking and perfumery. The leaf does not originally come from the target language, Indonesia, so Indonesian language does not have the equivalence. By using the loan word the propositional meaning are maintained.
Translation by cultural substitution
In this strategy, the term is replaced with another term in the target language that gives the same effect with the word in the source language. Thus, cultural substitution is done to make the reader become easier to understand the translation.
Datum:
“I want you to work up something for my latest frozen food concept: Gusteau’s Corn Puppies.”
“Buatlah iklan untuk konsep makanan bekuku, Sosis Mini ala Gusteau!” differentiation, the translator decides to substitute the product with another product existed in the target culture that expresses the closest idea.
Translation by more neutral or less expressive
In this strategy, the concept of culture from source language does not have the exact equivalence in target language. Thus, the translator translates the term by using the more general word which has less expressive meaning.
Datum:
“It’s a peasant dish.”
“Itu makanan petani.”
The cultural term above is translated be a more neutral/less expressive word. It happens since both terms express different expressive meaning. The expressive meaning of peasant is uneducated people. The expressive meaning of peasant is less positive than petani. Thus, the expressive meaning of term is not best conveyed to the target language since the translation uses less expressive word.
Translation by illustration
This strategy can be useful when the target equivalent item does not cover some aspects of the source item and the equivalent item refers to a physical entity which can be
illustrated, particularly in order to avoid over-explanation and to be concise and to the point.
Datum:
“There’s a dish called that, it’s like a stew, right?”
“Seperi kuah ya? Kenapa mereka sebut itu?”
In this sentence, the translator translates the term stew into
kuah. Actually, both terms express different propositional meaning. Stew refers to a dish of stewed meat while kuah
refers to the liquid came from stewed dish. The term stew can be best translated into rebusan, since both terms conveys the same meaning.
V. CONCLUSION
Based on the research conducted, it was got that there were eight strategies applied by the translator in transferring the cultural terms in Ratatouille film; those were translation by a more general word, translation by a more neutral/less expressive word, translation by cultural substitution, translation using a loan word or loan word plus explanation, translation by a related word, translation by unrelated words, translation by omission, and translation by illustration.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Firstly we would like to thank to the God, who has given us chance and health that we can compile this paper. We also thank to the people who have supported us in compiling this paper, whose name cannot be mentioned one by one. We also thank to our beloved university, Universitas Negeri Medan, and Aisteel, facilitating us in proceeding this paper.
REFERENCES
[1] P. Newmark, A Text Book of Translation. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Eduation Press, 2001.
[2] E. A. Nida and C. R. Taber. The Theory and Practice of Translation. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1982.
[3] E. B. Taylor. Primitive Culture. London: John Murray, 1990.
