CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the study
Literature is well known by almost all people in the world. Literature
is one of many human creations that cannot be separated from human. The word „literature‟ is derived from the word „littera‟ in Latin which means letter. It refers to the written or printed words. However, now, the term „literature‟ is more focused and restricted to merely imaginative works, which comes up from the imaginative mind of the story writers. Literature in its many appearances or structures reproduces and articulates the social condition of the society and life of the author. Psychoanalytic literature on revenge seems scarce but it is a question of knowing how to find it. As Durham notes, the word revenge seldom appears in the index of psychoanalytic works, not because revenge is irrelevant to psychoanalysis but because the patients‟ expressions of anger and the desire to “show them” are not recognized as a thirst for revenge. Revenge itself is one of the natural human emotional needs. It is not going to make the world a world that is peaceful and serene, but it is meant to be. All returned to the individual extent of self-control can be done, because among all living beings only we humans, who can exercise self-control. Theory in psychoanalysis is the
structural theory of personality where human psyche is divided into three aspects: id, ego, and superego. Ego representsI, or “the reality principle and centralization of functional control” (Hartmann, 1960, 9). The id, the most primitive of the three structures, is concerned with instant gratification of basic physical needs and urges. It operates entirely unconsciously (outside of conscious thought). For example, if your id walked past a stranger eating ice cream, it would most likely take the ice cream for itself. It doesn't know, or care, that it is rude to take something belonging to someone else; it would care only that you wanted the ice cream.
The superego is concerned with social rules and morals—similar to what many people call their "conscience" or their "moral compass." It develops as a child learns what their culture considers right and wrong. If your superego walked past the same stranger, it would not take their ice
cream because it would know that that would be rude. However, if both your id and your superego were involved, and your id was strong enough to
override your superego's concern, you would still take the ice cream, but afterward you would most likely feel guilt and shame over your actions.
The successes of The Pelican Brief, which hit number one on the New York Times bestseller list, and The Client, which debuted at number one, confirmed Grisham‟s reputation as the master of the legal thriller. Grisham‟s success even renewed interest in A Time to Kill, which was republished in hardcover by Doubleday and then in paperback by Dell. This time around, it was a bestseller.Grisham took time off from writing for
several months in 1996 to return, after a five-year hiatus, to the courtroom. He was honoring a commitment made before he had retired from the law to become a full-time writer: representing the family of a railroad brakeman killed when he was pinned between two cars. Preparing his case with the same passion and dedication as his books‟ protagonists, Grisham successfully argued his clients‟ case, earning them a jury award of $683,500—the biggest verdict of his career. When he‟s not writing, Grisham devotes time to charitable causes; including most recently his rebuild the Coast Fund, which raised 8.8 million dollars for Gulf Coast relief in the wake of Hurricane Katrina. He also keeps up with his greatest passion: baseball. The man who dreamed of being a professional baseball player now serves as the local Little League commissioner. The six ball fields he built on his property have played host to over 350 kids on 26 Little League teams.
In summary of John Grisham (The Racketeer: 2012) Malcolm
Bannister is a forty-three year old lawyer serving a ten year sentence for money laundering. Malcolm continually proclaims his innocence in the
crime for which he was convicted and blames the FBI for his wrongful incarceration. When Judge Raymond Fawcett is murdered along with his secretary, Malcolm sees his opportunity to gain his freedom. Using Rule 35, this declares that if a prisoner helps solve a federal crime then he can have his sentence reduced, Bannister bargains with the FBI. He claims to know the identity of the Judge's killer and is willing to divulge the information in exchange for his freedom, reward money and witness protection.
bribe from Rucker in the form of half a million dollars in exchange for letting Quinn's nephew off on a drug charge. The judge took the money, but sentenced the boy to prison time. Rucker vowed to get revenge.
The FBI coerce a confession out of Rucker and when he is indicted
for the murder of Judge Fawcett and his secretary, Naomi Clary, the FBI release Malcolm from prison. He is given plastic surgery, a new name, Max
Reed Baldwin, a place to live in Jacksonville, Florida and the reward money of $150,000. Once he obtains his freedom and the money, Malcolm begins to deviate from the plans the federal government has for him and begins to follow his own agenda. He refuses the job they have for him. He travels to the Caribbean, Jamaica and Antigua. As Max Reed Baldwin, he creates a fake film company and he tracks down a man named Nathan Cooley. With the help of a woman named Vanessa Young, the sister of an ex-fellow inmate, with whom he reunited once he was out of prison, they convince Cooley they are filming a documentary on the Drug Enforcement Agency and the people they have wrongfully killed in the line of duty. Nathan's brother, Gene, was shot and killed by DEA agents during a drug bust. After filming is complete, they convince Nathan to come to Miami to meet the investors. Once he is on the plane, however, Max gets him drunk, drugs him and plants cocaine and a handgun on him.
He takes him to Jamaica instead of Miami. When they land Nathan is arrested and put into a Jamaican prison. Desperate to get out he tells Max the
The FBI agrees to Max's demands. He meets with them and tells that Nathan Cooley is responsible for murdering the judge and Naomi Clary. Nathan helped Judge Fawcett carry the safe into his cabin and he learned about the gold the judge kept in it. It took him years, but Nathan was finally
able to steal the gold, killing the judge and Naomi Clary in the process. Max tells the FBI that he does not know the whereabouts of the gold. Victor
Westlake, the lead FBI agent in charge of the judge's murder suspects that Max engineered the entire scheme in order to be released from prison and to get the gold from Nathan Cooley. He cannot prove it, however, and they have agreed to give Max immunity.
Quinn is released from prison. Vanessa and Max retrieve the gold from the safety deposit boxes and then meet up with Quinn and his brother, Dee Ray. After a portion of the gold is given to Dee Ray for his contributions in helping to set up the plan the rest will be divided amongst the other three, who had the largest roles in the plot, which has been several years in the planning. When Nathan told Malcolm Bannister about the gold he knew the judge was keeping in his safe and he was going to get it someday Malcolm saw the opportunity to gain his own freedom and untold wealth. Through his plan he was also able to make the FBI look foolish and take millions of dollars of gold from under their noses without them being
able to do anything. He even had them give him plastic surgery at their expense in order to trick Nathan Cooley. The four conspirators were able to
smuggle the gold bars out of the United States and into Antigua on a yacht without any trouble. Vanessa, Quinn and Malcolm planned to enjoy their wealth living the rest of their lives outside of the United States and no longer within the jurisdiction of the FBI and the rest of the federal government.
B. Literature Review
The first is, SD, Amini, Rahmat (2015) THE DESCRIPTION BETWEEN BRITISH-ENGLAND AND AMERICAN-ENGLISH SLANGS IN THE JOHN GRISHAM‟S NOVEL THE RACKETEER, a thesis of Udayana University. The study focuses on the identify kind and the meaning
usage slangs in the between language British-England and American-English. This study focuses on the slangs in the language in novel uses humanis approach.
The second is, Agistina, Arum (2015) THE NEED FOR SACRIFICE IN LAW ENFORCEMENT IN JOHN GRISHAM THE RACKETEER (2012): A SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH, a thesis of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. This study focuses on the need sacrifice in law enforenment in novel uses sociological approach.
C. Problem Statement
Based on the previous background of study, the writer aims at analyzing the problem How is revenge reflected in John Grisham The Racketeer (2012).
The Racketeer novel using Psychoanalytic approach?
D. Objectives of the study
The objectives of the study are mentioned as follows:
1. To analyze what is the reason of Bannister in doing reveng to prison in case money laundering in John Grisham‟s The Racketeer novel.
2. To show the people who help Bannister in revenging his problems to prisionerin John Grisham‟s The Racketeer novel.
E. Limitation of the Study
The writer focuses this research in analyzing revenge in major character
which is reflected in The Racketeer novel (2012) based on Psychoanalytic Approach.
F. Benefit of the study
The study is expected to give benefits as follows: 1. Theoretical Benefit
The writer wishes that this study can impact a new contribution and information to the large body of knowledge, especially the literary study on The Racketeer (2012).
2. Practical Benefit
This study is wished to give deeper understanding and enrich both knowledge and experience especially for the writer, generally for other students of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta and also can be used as reference by other university students who are interested in literary study on The Racketeer.
G. Research Method 1. Type of the Study
The object of the study is The Revenge of the novel itself.
2. Type of Data and Data Source
The writer uses two sources of data, namely primary and secondary data sources.
a. Primary Data
b. Secondary Data Source
The secondary data including from other sources which are related to the primary data such as the biography of the author, and website about The Racketeer by John Grisham.
3. Technique of the Data Collection
The method of collecting data that the writer uses is library research. Firstly, she collected the all of information about the novel and the book of theories which match with the data. Secondly, she reads the content of the novel and matched it with the theories that the writer used. Thirdly, she writes down of important information in both sources. Then, she selects them by accepting the relevant information with the problem and rejecting the irrelevant information. Beside that the writer uses internet to find the information about the novel and literary theory that she uses.
4. Technique of the Data Analysis
Technique of the data, the writer employs descriptive qualitative analysis, the writer uses psychoanalytic approach.
H. Paper Organization
This research paper organization of Psychoanalytic Reflected in John Grisham Racketeer (2012) is as follows:
The organization of this study is explained in order the reader can understand the content of the paper easier. The organizations are as follows:
Chapter I is introduction, which contains background of the study, problem statements, objectives of the study, limitation of the study, the benefit of the study, and paper organization.
Chapter III is research method; it contains type of research, object of the study, type of data and data source, technique of data collection, and technique of data analysis.
Chapter IV is the analysis.
