CODE MIXING AND CODE SWITCHING USED BY THE PRESENTERS ON RRI STATION MEDAN.

CODE MIXING AND CODE

SWITCffiN(;

USED BY

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MEDAN

A THESIS

Submitted to the English

1\.pplied

Linguistics Study Pro am in Partial

•u1fillment of The Requirements for

~ he

Degree of Magister

Humaniom

By

~EPENDI

NAri.fttt!LlJJ

Registration Number : 055010191

PLIED LINGUISTICS STUDY PROGRAM

TE SCHOO STATE UNIVERS

OF

MEDAN

A Thesis

CODE MIXING AND CODE SWITCHING USED BY

THE PRESENTERS ON RRI RADIO STATION

ME DAN

SEPENDI NAPITUPULU

Registration Number: 055010191

English Applied Linguistic Study Program

Postgraduate School

Approval by Adviser commission

Prof. M. Silitonga, Ph.D

//

Approval of Board of Examiners Thesis Examiners of Magister Humaniora

Prof. Tina Mariany Arifin, M.A., Ph.D. NIP· 19440302196902001

Prof Amrin Saragih, M.A., Ph.D NIP : 195501131982031002

>

Prof. Dr. Lince Sihombing, M.Pd NIP : 196104251986012001

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Praise be to God, the "Almighty" the "Merciful" and the "Most Beneficial"

for His Mercy, Grace, and love that has been poured to the writer in completing

his task in order to achieve the degree of Magister Humanior:a at the English

Applied Linguistics Study Program, Postgraduate School, State U

Medan.

This study would have never been fully accomplished withou the full

support anct assistance of many people. It would be impossible to list all

names, but some very special persons deserve his deepest gratitude.

First, Prof. Tina Mariany Arifin, M.A., Ph.D., his First Adviser and Head of

the English Applied Linguistics Study Program, for her encouragement, ideas,

suggestions, and corrections, in order to complete this study. Second, his

special indebtedness goes to Prof. M. Silitonga, Ph.D., his second Adviser, for

the time spent in giving the direct guidance, suggestions, criticisms, corrections,

and endless support until this thesis appears in its present form.

Next, the writer would like to take this opportunity to extend his sin

thankfulness to all the lecturers who have taught the sound knowledge and

during ttle three semesters' study, and especially to Prof. Tina Marian'l ~rifin,

M.A., Ph.D, Prof. M. Silitonga, Ph.D., Prof. Amrin Saragih, M.A., Ph.D., Prof. Dr.

Busmin Gurning, M.Pd. and Prof. Dr. Lince Sihombing, M.Pd., as reviewer and

the thesis.

The writer also would like to thanks to the Director and staffs of RRI Pro2

FM Medan, who has given him full support and encouragment during his

research at the RRI Medan Station.

The most precious appreciation is expressed to all his friends in Past

Graduated School, State University of Medan, . Bachtiar, Mr. Budi, Mr.

Pahotan and especially Mis Erlita P. and others, who can not be mentined one

by one for this mental support, encouragement and suggestien m writing this

Finally his special thanks of gratitude is directed to his beloved wife, Ora.

Hennita Purba and daughter Annette and Andrea for their fidelity, love,

understanding and care without complaining for less attention given to them

during finishing this study.

May God bless us!.

Medan,

lVI

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page ABSTRACT

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ... ... ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS... iv

vii

1

1.2. The Problem of the Study .... .. ... .. ... .. ... . 3

1.3. The Objectives of the Study ... .. ... .... .

1.4. The Scope of the Study ... .... ... .. ... .

1.5. The Significance of the Study ... ... ... .... ... .

CHAPTER II THEORETICAL ORIENTATION ... ... .

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2.1 Bilingualism ... ... ... ... ... .

2.2 Sociolinguistics ... ... ... .

2.2.1. Problems in Sociolinguistics ... .. .

2.3 Code .... ... ... .

2.4 Code-Mixing ... .... ... ... ... . . 16

2.4.1. The Use of Factors Influencing of Code-MiKihg 18

2.4.2. The Caution Factors of Code-Mixing.. .... .... 20

2.4.3. Types of Code-Mixing ... ... 21

2.4.4. The Reasons for Code-Mixing ... 24

Code Switching ... ... ... .. ... ... .... .. .... .. 25

27

2.5.2. Metaphorical Code-Switching . . . .. . . 30

2.5.3.Conversational Code-Switching... .. 30

2.5.4. Taq-Switching ... 32

2.5.5. lntersential Code-Switching ... ... .. .... 33

2..5.6. lntrasentential Code-Switching... 33

Radio ... 33

2.6.1. Radio Republik Indonesia (RRI)...

34 _

2.6.2. RRI PRO 2 FM RADIO Station ... ... 36

CHAPTER Ill DESCRIPTIVE METHOD ... 37

3.1 Research Method ... ... ... 37

3.2. Data and The Source... .. ... 37

3.3 Instrument Data Collection ... . 3.4 Technique For Data Analysis ... . CHAPTER IV OAT A ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS ... 39

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4.1 Description of Data ... . 4.2 Data Analysis ... . 4.3 Findings ... . 4.4 Discussions ... . 39 C APTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS ... . 5.1 Conclusions ... 58

5.2 Suggestions ... ... ... ... .... .. . .... ... 59

61

63

ABSTRACT

Napitupulu Sependi, 055010191. Code mixing and code switching used by the Presenters on RRI Station Medan. A thesis : English Applied Linguistics Postgraduate School, State University of Medan. 2010.

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 The Background of the Study

Language is very much important in huma

means of a language, people can share and deliver various messages to other

people across the globe.

It is the institution where by humans communicate and interact with one

another by means of a habitually used oral-auditory arbitrary sym ols". This

means their humans use language as the institution to establish social

relationships and to exchange information by using oral-auditory symbols.

Basically, language can be divided into three parts, namely spoken

language (oral communication), written language (written communication), and

gestures (silent language).

Spoken language can be used anywhere and anytime It is mediated by

empty spaces filled with air. The stream of speech that carries meanings or

messages to help the listener understand what is contained in the

utterance.

At present it is not a surprising thing that one can speak several

languages, because they can study easily through many sources which can be

easily found in most areas. It is really useful to be able to speak in some

languages, especially for a country with its citizens being capable of speaking

several international languages. They would wish to cooperate or exchange

ideas with other countries for scientific, and

Somebody's ability in mastering several languages may sometimes be

the main cause of code mixing, or at least a proficient bilingual may tend to use

code mixing in speaking with other people. English is called CU'COmmodity of

international language. Since almost every country uses it as a second or

foreign language.

In Indonesia for instance, Bahasa Indonesia is the mother tongue for

most Indonesian, but many Indonesian learn to speak English, the ability in

mastering both of these languages influences the process of SP@aking.

Sometimes they use both languages simultaneously or interchangeablY to

produce a new variety of language or to give some spices or colors to the

speech and this is called as code-mixing or code switching. Code-mixing and

Cdde switching can be used

opportunity code-mixing and code switching is primarily

everal local radio stations in Medan RRI PRO 2 FM aired at

English. Therefore, in presenting their programs, the presenters use or mix both

of those languages simultaneously and sometimes form new styles both of the

languages.

That is one of the reasons why code-mixing and code switching is

considered important to be researched. Therefore the thesis is entitled

code-mixing and code switching used by the presenters on RRI Medan Station. The

writer selects this topic tlecause his is very much interested in broadcasting and

firm time to time appreciate and enjoy the code switching and code mixin~:J. _

Particularly the radio presenter with is using mix words in their program.

1.2 The Problem of the Study

The problems to be explored in

following:

1. What are the types of code mixing and code switching performed

radio presenters while presenting their Radio Program?

2. What types of code mixing and code switching are dominantly used?

3. Who dominantly used code mixing and code switching?

1.3 The Objectives of the Study

This thesis has three objectives based on the problems, such as :

1) to md out the patterns of code mixing and code switching use<f by the

1.4 The Scope of the Study

This study deals with the following aspects :

1. types of code mixing and code switching as perfonned presenters in

presenting program RRI Pro 2 FM.

2. types of code mixing and code switching are dominantly used.

3. the presenters are dominantly using code mixing an<l code switching.

1.5 The Significance of the Study

On a bird's eye-view on some objectives of this thesis, it its expected

that tnis thesis would be beneficial to and useful for the readers. Therefore,

some significances that should be :

1) readers would again more information on code-mixing and code switching

used by a radio announcer in presenting a program on a radio station.

2) readers who are interested in studying code -mixing and code switGhing

could be guided by the result of the research

literature contribution as a source of infonnation for those who want to carry

out further study code mixing and code switching.

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5.1 Conclusions

CHAPTERV

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

After analyzing code mixing and code-switching, the conclusions were

drawn as the following.

1. The types of code mixing and code-switching performed by the presel_lters

while presenting their Radio programs cover various ranges as (1}

Metaphorical code-switching (21.11%}. Conversational code mixing and

switching (79.89%}; among the conversation code mixing and

code-objectivization and addresses specification code mixing and code-switching;

they perform quotation (27.48%), inte~ection (21.72%), reiteration (23.09%), and message qualification (27.71%). The presenters did not ~rform

situational code mixing and code-switching.

2. The most dominant code mixing and code-switching that were dominantly

used was conversational code mixing and code-switching which appeared

for 433 times or 79.89% from the whole kinds of code mixing and

code-switching. Within the type of conversational code mixing ana code-switching,

message qualification was dominantly performed by the presenters for about

120 times or 27.71% from the whole conversatio I code mixing and

code-switching.

times she performed code mixing and

switching or about 50% from the whole code-switching performed and then

Zika for about 167 times or 30.81%.

5.2 Suggestions

In relation to the conclusion, suggestions were staged as the following.

1. The EFt speakers should learn more about Code mixing and

code-switching, especially for those who ~ch Radio, because tb~ir .

understanding in code mixing and code-switching would help them to

understand the conversation or the presentation perfonned by the PRO 2

FM presenter.

The presenters of PRO 2 FM should perform code

switching in a clear pronunciation, so that their

misunderstanding on what they said in their presentation.

3. Since the present study was limited on the use of code mixing and

code-switching on Radio presentation than further research should be conducted

to study about code mixing and code-switching in relation to the following

aspects.

a. In sociolinguistics point of view, since the findings of this researclil

indicate that Sonya is dominantly switched her language in English rather

than Zika, then a research should be conducted to find out the most

dominan persons in terms of sexisms differences and the scientific

reas s why female do mor.e code mixing and code-switching rather than

b. In broadcasting point of view, since the present study was limited on the

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radio presentation, then for the deeper understanding on the use of code

mixing and code-switching in various radio channels and programs,

researchers should be performed in various radio programs such as

interviews in News Program and so on.

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Cormack, Me. WiJJiam. C and A Wurun Stephena. 1979. Language and

Socie . New Yorks: Mouton Publisher.

Di Sciullo, A.M., Muysken, P., and Singh, R. 986. Government and Code~

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Di Sciullo, A.M., Muysken, P., and Apple Pene. 1987. Language Contact and Bilingualism. Netherland: University of Amsterdam.

Gumperz, J.J. and Hymes, Dell. 1972. Direction in

Reinhard and Winston.

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