Integrated Geographic Information System and Global Positioning System for Mapping of Forest Plants in Supporting Natural Resources Protection

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Available online at www.sciencedirect.com

ScienceDirect

Procedia Chemistry 00 (2015) 000–000

www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia

2nd Humboldt Kolleg in conjunction with International Conference on Natural Sciences 2014,

HK-ICONS 2014

Integrated Geographic Information System and Global Positioning

System for Mapping of Forest Plants in Supporting Natural

Resources Protection

Rahmawaty

a,*

_{, Elsi Kurnia Sari}

a

_{, Ahmad Syofyan}

b

_{, Abdul Rauf}

c

a_{Forestry Study Program,}c_{Agroecotechnology Study Program}

Faculty of Agriculture, University of Sumatera Utara,Jl. Tri Dharma Ujung No. 1 Kampus USU, Medan 20155, Indonesia

b_{BPDAS Wampu Sei Ular, Ministry of Forestry, Republic of Indonesia, Jl. S.M. Raja Km. 5,5 No. 14 Marendal, Medan 20147, Indonesia}

Abstract

Tangkahan region is managed with conservation approach to sustain the utilization of natural resources for the present and future. This study aims to identify the forest plant species in Tangkahan and mapping the existence of these species using Geographic Information System (GIS). Survey method was used to identify the species of forest plant in Tangkahan. To make the tracks Global Positioning System (GPS) were used. Based on exploration in this area, there found five tracks, namely: Rafflesia Garden Track, 60 h Track, Youth Track, Family Track, and Adventure Track. Based on the tracks, there were 5 species in Rafflesia Garden Track, 18 species in 60 h Track, 12 species in Youth Track, 9 species in Family Track, and 11 species in Adventure Track. The species were mapped based on their respective tracks. These species need to be nurtured and protected because there were species that was found as medicinal plants, rare and protected species. By knowing the species of forest plant that exists in Tangkahan area, it is expected to support the conservation of natural resources.

Keywords: GIS; GPS; Rafflesia track; Tangkahan

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +62 878 8530 2198; fax: +62 61 820 1920.

E-mail address: [email protected]

Commented [R1]: Paper ini melebihi batas kuota halaman yakni 10 pages. Apakah dapat dipersingkat?

Iya saya persingkat dengan menggabungkan peta2 track menjadi 1 peta saja

Commented [R2]: Mhn comments di paper ini JANGAN di hapus agar kita dapat saling recheck. Komentar balik dan/atau perbaikan langsung saj di file ini

ok

Commented [R3]: Afiliasi saya ubah spt ini ok

Commented [R4]: Abstract terlalu panjang. Elsevier hanya membatasi 50 – 100 kata

ok

Commented [R5]: Alinea asuk. Lihatlah template ok

Commented [R6]: Sususn sesuai abjad. Kapital hanya di awal saja kecuali akronim dan alasan keilmuan

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Rahmawaty, E.K. Sari, A. Syofyan, A. Rauf./ Procedia Chemistry 00 (2015) 000–000

Tangkahan region is located between two villages, namely: Namo Sialang and Sei Serdang, in Batang Serangan Sub-Disrict, Langkat District, North Sumatra, Indonesia. The region has developed in the area of Gunung Leuser National Park (TNGL) in the working area of Tangkahan Resort and Cinta Raja Resort, Sub Section Region IV TNGL Besitang1,2 _{(Fig.1). This area is managed with conservation approach to sustain the utilization of natural resources for}

the present and future.

Tangkahan is a beautiful resort for tourist destination. It has unique natural resources. There are some natural resource potential that can be developed to increase visitor interest. New tracks were developed to attract visitors to the region and conduct a wide range of tourist activities. However, there are many other tourism potentials that have not been identified and mapped. It should be used as alternative tourist activities in Tangkahan. Tourist activity in Tangkahan is still limited. The new tracks can be developed in Tangkahan. With the addition of tourism activities in Tangkahan, this resort will be able to increase visitor attraction that will positively impact the wellbeing of communities around Gunung Leuser National Park. Therefore, this study was conducted to explore the potential of the natural resources that have not been studied to improve the visitor attraction.

The Tangkahan region has a diverse of plants that have not been identified. One of the problems in ecotourism development is the unavailability of the tracks in this area that can make it easier for visitors to explore the region. The study aims to identify forest plant species in Tangkahan and mapping the existence of these species. By knowing the species of forest plant that exists in Tangkahan area, it is expected to support the conservation of natural resources.

2. Materials and methods

The study was conducted from March 2011 to May 2011 in the Tangkahan Ecotourism Zone TNGL BTN Langkat Region III (Fig. 1). Processing and data analysis carried out in the Laboratory of Integrated Forest Management, Forestry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of North Sumatra.

The primary data were obtained from the field based on observation and direct observation in the form of documentation of the forest plants found on the left and the right location through which the data point coordinates and forest plants found. The forest plants species were taken based on appeal, uniqueness and special benefits. Observations of list of forest plants performed concurrently with the making of the track.

The coordinate points and tracks from the field using GPS, in tabulated into Excel software coordinate data is converted to the type of file (DBF4) to be readable by ArcView program. Then ArcView3,4

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Fig. 1. The site location map

3. Result and discussion

There were five new tracks that can support the development of ecotourism in Tangkahan, namely: Rafflesia Track, 60 h Track, Youth Track, Family Track, and Adventure Track. The five tracks in Tangkahan can be seen in Fig. 2.

3.1. The Rafflesia track

The track travelled as far as 872 m. About 2 h from starting point (Fig. 2). The starting point is from pantai kupu-kupu which is not far from the resort. It is located on the Buluh River that flows into the Batang Serangan River. In this track, there is also a tiered waterfall which by local community is called as Kenangan Waterfall and Lao Anak Pakam Waterfall. There was a rafflesia garden on this track, so this track is named as Rafflesia (Fig. 3). There were five forest plants that were found in Rafflesia Track, namely: durian hutan, malutua, semantok, jamur kayu, and meranti buaya. The list of forest plants that can be found on these tracks can be seen in Table 1.

Plantation Tngl 60 Hours track Adventure track Family track Rafflesia Track Youth track

1000 0 1000 2000 Meters

N

E W

S

Tracks Map in Tangkahan Area

North Sumatra Indonesia

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Fig 2.The tracks map in Tangkahan

Fig. 3. The Rafflesia garden in Rafflesia Track: (a) Rafflesiaarnoldi before blooming ;(b,c) Rafflesiaarnoldiafter blooming

Table 1. List of forest plants on Rafflesia Track

No Local Name Latin Name Coordinate Point

(a) (b) (c)

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x y

1 Durian Hutan (Durio zibhetinus) 396 788.38 406 572.04 2 MaluTua (Tristaniopsis whiteana) 396 667.68 406 353.69

3 Semantok (Shorea lepidota) 396 700.52 406 500.32

4 Jamur kayu (Shelf fungi) 396 371.03 406 433.67

5 Meranti buaya (Shorea gibbosa) 396 771.23 406 587.98

3.2. The 60 h track

The track is 4.3 km long. About 60 h long journey. The starting point is from Namo Tangkahan (Fig. 2) which can be found after walking for 1 h from the Visitors Center. The journey to Namo Tangkahan past by Conservation Response Unit (CRU) and cross by the Batang Serangan River. This tourist route journey takes 3 d to get back to the visitors center. In this case, a visitor should bring forest ranger guide, porter, food, mattresses, tents, tires and buoys.

There were 18 forest plants that were found in 60 h Track. Different from Rafflesia Track, the forest plant that was found along this track is very diverse. Many trees over 400 cm in diameter were found in this area, such as jelutung, cengal, meranti batu, resin and other trees. The list of forest plants that are found on these tracks can be seen in Table 2.

The largest tree found was Damar (Agathis alba) with buttresses up to 4 m wide. It was also found a variety of unique plants such as tara langkup (Fig. 4a) which was used as a replacement plate mat for tourists due to the leaf surface area was very wide. There was also a beautiful ornamental plant with deep red patterned leaves called Saroja flowers (Fig. 4b) by local community. In this area also found a variety of fungi uniquely grown in soil and tree trunks that will bloom after the death and decay. Also found Amorphophallus campanulatus in the track. In addition, there are salak hutan (Fig. 4c) which is used as feed for gibbons, monkeys and other forest mammals and gatgatan harimo which is used as medicinal plant (Fig. 4d).

Fig. 4a. Tara Langkup

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Fig. 4c.Salak hutan (Salaccaaffinis)

Fig. 4d.Gatgatanharimo (Vitisgracilis BL.)

3.3. The youth track

The track is 2.6 km long, about 3 h to 4 h long journey. The starting point of this track is from Buluh River (Fig. 2) which is across the resort and the track also finishes in the same place (Buluh River) so we called as circular track. Along the way on this track, tourists can find various kinds of medicinal plants that grow naturally in forests such as

paradep and sirih hutan.

Unique forest plants can be found along the way on this track, about 12 species ranging from medicinal plants, large trees, mushrooms and unique flowers 5_{. In the track was found}_Pakam_{tree or matoa batak (}_Pometia_sp_._{) which}

is a typical plant area of Irian Jaya. The fruits and seeds of this plant can be used as food by the people6,7_.

Paradep is the types of medicinal plant that can be efficacious to cure back pain. This medicinal plant has wide and shiny leaves. In this track we can also find gondang tree (Ficus fariegata) which has a characteristic form of the fruit produced out through the plant stem. Gondang fruit is food for a variety of birds.

3.4. The family track

The track is 1.8 km long, about 2.5 h long journey. In this track, the starting point is Buluh River which is across the resort and the track finish in the pantai kupu-kupu (the starting point of Rafflesia Track). This track also passes

Sei Garut Waterfall because the lines intersect with Youth Track.

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This track is the easiest of four other tracks because it has the shortest distance. Impassable terrain on this track is not too hard so that all ages can pass through it. That is what is called a family track. The list of forest plants that were found in Family Track were also very diverse and it’s almost the same type as the on the Youth Track (Table 4).

3.5. The adventure track

The track has a distance as far as 3.6 km. About 7 h long journey. In this track, the starting point is also from Buluh River (Fig. 9). This track initially follows the Youth Track. At the end of the track there is a junction of track that will be finish in a cave called as Goa Kalong. Travelers should bring forest ranger guide, porter, food, tires and buoys.

Near the Kalong Cave, there was a cave (Sekucib Cave) that has a hot water spring. Sekucib Cave bordering with the Batang Serangan River. It has 15 m depth, width and height of the mouth of the cave is 1.0 m and 1.5 m, width of 1.0 m to1.5 m in the cave with a height from 1.5 m to 3.0 m. This cave is muddy smooth and sharp with the rock textured light brown color. The smell of sulfur is removed it does not sting.

The lists of forest plants found on this track were plants that have benefits for community such as medicinal plants. The list of forest plants that are found on these tracks can be seen in Table 5.

Table 2. The list of forest plants on 60 h Track

No Local name Scientific name Coordinate point

16 Bunga Bangkai (Amorphophallus campanulatus) 394 468.80 410 087.62

17 Merbau (Intsia amboinensis) 394 751.27 409 852.30

18 Tangkih (Euphorbiaceae sp.) 395 085.93 409 815.71

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Table 3. The List of of forest plants on youth track

No Local name Latin name Coordinate point

Table 4. List of forest plants on family track

No Local name Latinname Coordinate point

Table 5.The list of forest plants at the adventure track

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4. Conclusion

The forest plants that werefound on five tracks on Tangkahan region is very diverse both the number of species diversity and the benefits that still need to be investigated further in order to conserve and protect natural resources. Some of forest plants that were found on each track were classified as medicinal plant, rare and protected species.The medicinal plants that were found in Tangkahan, namely: paradep Psycothrias tipulacea , sirih hutan (Piper betle), and gatgatan harimo (Vitis gracilis) and rare and protected plants that were found in Tangkahan, namely: bunga bangkai

(Amorphophallus campanulatus).

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the University of Sumatera Utara, the Gunung Leuser National Park especially Tangkahan Resort and Cinta Raja Resort, Sub-section Region IV TNGL Besitang for the support during the research.

References

1. Lembaga Pariwisata Tangkahan [Tangkahan Tourism Agency] (LPT). Rencana pengelolaan kawasan ekowisata Tangkahan tahun 2006 sampai dengan tahun 2011 [The management plan of Tangkahan Tourism in 2006 to 2011]. Tangkahan.; 2006. [Bahasa Indonesia] 2. Susilo F. Keanekaragaman jenis pohon di kawasan hutan Tangkahan Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser Kabupaten Langkat [Tree biodiversity

at Tangkahan forest area, Gunung Leuser national park, Langkat district] [Skripsi]. Medan: Sumatera Utara University; 2004. [Bahasa Indonesia]

3. As-syakur. Modul pengenalan ArcView untuk dasar analisa Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG)[ArcView introduction modul for basic analysis of geographic information system]. Pusat Penelitian Lingkungan Hidup (PPLH). Denpasar: Universitas Udayana; 2006. [Bahasa Indonesia]. 4. Subaryono. Pengantar Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) [Introduction to geographic information system]. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada

University; 2005.[Bahasa Indonesia]

5. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Forest plants [CITES]. Appendices I, II and III Valid from 22 May 2009 [Internet]. Accessed on 2014 June 13 from: http://www.cites.org/eng/app/e-appendices.pdf. 2009

6. Sumiasri N, T Kuswara, NI Setyowati. Pemanfaatan matoa (Pometia pinnata Forst.) di beberapa daerah di Irian Jaya. [Utilization of matoa (Pometia pinnata Frost) in several areas in Irian Jaya]. In: Puryanto Y, Waluyo EB, editors Prosiding Seminar Nasional Etnobotani III; 1998 May 5–6; Denpasar, Bali. [Bahasa Indonesia].

7. Rahayu M., Susiarti S, Purwanto Y. Kajian pemanfaatan tumbuhan non kayu oleh masyarakat lokal di kawasan konservasi PT. Wira Karya Sakti Sungai Tapa, Jambi. [Study of the utilization of non-timber forest vegeatation by local society at PT. Wira Karya Sakti Sungai Tapa conservation area, Jambi]. Biodiversitas 2000;8:73–78.[Bahasa Indonesia].

Commented [R9]: Judul translate ke Inggris spt di ref 2 dan 3 ok

Commented [R10]: Saya tambah ok

Commented [R11]: Italic ok

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ScienceDirect

2nd Humboldt Kolleg in conjunction with International Conference on Natural Sciences,

HK-ICONS 2014

Integrated Geographic Information System and Global Positioning

System for Mapping of Forest Plants in Supporting

Natural Resources Protection

Rahmawaty

a*

_{, Elsi Kurnia Sari}

a

_{, Ahmad Syofyan}

b

_{, Abdul Rauf}

c

Abstract

Tangkahan region is managed with conservation approach to sustain the utilization of natural resources for the present and future. This study aims to identify the forest plant species in Tangkahan and mapping the existence of these species using Geographic Information System (GIS). Survey method was used to identify the species of forest plant in Tangkahan. To make the tracks Global Positioning System (GPS) were used. Based on exploration in this area, there found five tracks, namely: Rafflesia Garden Track, 60 hours Track, Youth Track, Family Track, and Adventure Track. Based on the tracks, there were 5 species in Rafflesia Garden Track, 18 species in 60 hours Track, 12 species in Youth Track, 9 species in Family Track, and 11 species in Adventure Track. The species were mapped based on their respective tracks. These species need to be nurtured and protected because there were species that was found as medicinal plants, rare and protected species. By knowing the species of forest plant that exists in Tangkahan area, it is expected to support the conservation of natural resources.

Keywords: GIS; GPS; mapping of forest plants; natural resources protection; Rafflesia; Tangkahan; TNGL

Commented [R1]: Silahkan melihat saran saya di revisi lalu

(Pendapat saya ada yang kurang. Apa tidak sebaiknya dicantumkan mapping of forest plants, natural resources protection) Apa tidak sebaiknya dicantumkan pula Gunung Leuser National Park (TNGL) ?

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Tangkahan region is located between two villages, namely: Namo Sialang and Sei Serdang, in Batang Serangan Sub-Disrict, Langkat District, North Sumatra, Indonesia. The region has developed in the area of Gunung Leuser National Park (TNGL) in the working area of Tangkahan Resort and Cinta Raja Resort, Sub Section Region IV TNGL Besitang1,2 _{(Fig.1). This area is managed with conservation approach to sustain the utilization of natural}

resources for the present and future.

The Tangkahan region has a diverse of plants that have not been identified. One of the problems in ecotourism development is the unavailability of the tracks in this area that can make it easier for visitors to explore the region. The study aims to identify forest plant species in Tangkahan and mapping the existence of these species. By Management, Forestry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of North Sumatra.

The coordinate points and tracks from the field using GPS, in tabulated into Excel software coordinate data is converted to the type of file (DBF4) to be readable by ArcView program. Then ArcView3,4 _{was used to display the}

(12)

There were five new tracks that can support the development of ecotourism in Tangkahan, namely: Rafflesia Track, 60 hours Track, Youth Track, Family Track, and Adventure Track. The five tracks in Tangkahan can be seen in Fig. 2.

The track travelled as far as 872 m. About 2 h from starting point (Fig. 2). The starting point is from pantai kupu-kupu which is not far from the resort. It is located on the Buluh River that flows into the Batang Serangan

River. In this track, there is also a tiered waterfall which by local community is called as Kenangan Waterfall and

(13)

Fig 2. The tracks map in Tangkahan

Fig. 3. The Rafflesia garden in Rafflesia Track: (a) Rafflesia arnoldi before blooming ;(b,c) Rafflesia arnoldi after blooming

(a) (b) (c)

1000 0 1000 2000 Meters

N

E W

S

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x y

The track is 4.3 km long. About 60 h long journey. The starting point is from Namo Tangkahan (Fig. 2) which can be found after walking for 1 h from the Visitors Center. The journey to Namo Tangkahan past by Conservation Response Unit (CRU) and cross by the Batang Serangan River. This tourist route journey takes 3 d to get back to the visitors center. In this case, a visitor should bring forest ranger guide, porter, food, mattresses, tents, tires and buoys.

There were 18 forest plants that were found in 60 hours Track. Different from Rafflesia Track, the forest plant that was found along this track is very diverse. Many trees over 400 cm in diameter were found in this area, such as jelutung, cengal, meranti batu, resin and other trees. The list of forest plants that are found on these tracks can be seen in Table 2.

Table 2. List of forest plants on 60 hours Track

No Local name Scientific name

Coordinate point

The largest tree found was Damar (Agathis alba) with buttresses up to 4 m wide. It was also found a variety of unique plants such as tara langkup (Fig. 4a) which was used as a replacement plate mat for tourists due to the leaf surface area was very wide. There was also a beautiful ornamental plant with deep red patterned leaves called Saroja

flowers (Fig. 4b) by local community. In this area also found a variety of fungi uniquely grown in soil and tree trunks that will bloom after the death and decay. Also found Amorphophallus campanulatus in the track. In addition, there are salak hutan (Fig. 4c) which is used as feed for gibbons, monkeys and other forest mammals and

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Fig. 4b. Saroja flower (Angglonema sp.)

Fig. 4c. Salak hutan (Salacca affinis)

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The track is 2.6 km long, about 3 h to 4 h long journey. The starting point of this track is from Buluh River (Fig. 2) which is across the resort and the track also finishes in the same place (Buluh River) so we called as circular track. Along the way on this track, tourists can find various kinds of medicinal plants that grow naturally in forests such as paradep and sirih hutan (Table 3).

Unique forest plants can be found along the way on this track, about 12 species ranging from medicinal plants, large trees, mushrooms and unique flowers5

. In the track was found Pakam tree or matoa batak (Pometia sp.) which is a typical plant area of Papua. The fruits and seeds of this plant can be used as food by the people6,7_.

Paradep is the types of medicinal plant that can be efficacious to cure back pain. This medicinal plant has wide and shiny leaves. In this track we can also find gondang tree (Ficus fariegata) which has a characteristic form of the fruit produced out through the plant stem. Gondang fruit is food for a variety of birds (Table 3).

Table 3. List of forest plants on youth track

No _{Local name} Scientific name Coordinate point

On the left side, there is a flow of Buluh River which has hot springs that comes out of the slit cliff (30 cm wide) with a height of 2 m. Due to its small size, travellers who want to get the hot water should turn to go between the cliffs. The hot water flows into Buluh River.

This track is the easiest of four other tracks because it has the shortest distance. Impassable terrain on this track is not too hard so that all ages can pass through it. That is what is called a family track. The list of forest plants that

were found in Family Track were also very diverse and it’s almost the same type as the on the Youth Track (Table 4).

Commented [R2]: Rapat ke kata di kiri ok

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The track has a distance as far as 3.6 km. About 7 h long journey. In this track, the starting point is also from

Buluh River (Fig. 9). This track initially follows the Youth Track. At the end of the track there is a junction of track that will be finish in a cave called as Goa Kalong. Travellers should bring forest ranger guide, porter, food, tires and buoys.

Near the Kalong Cave, there was a cave (Sekucib Cave) that has a hot water spring. Sekucib Cave bordering with the Batang Serangan River. It has 15 m depth, width and height of the mouth of the cave is 1.0 m and 1.5 m, width of 1.0 m to1.5 m in the cave with a height from 1.5 m to 3.0 m. This cave is muddy smooth and sharp with the rock textured light brown colour. The smell of sulphur is removed it does not sting.

Table 5. List of forest plants at the adventure track

No _{Local name}

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References

1. Lembaga Pariwisata Tangkahan [Tangkahan Tourism Agency] (LPT). Rencana pengelolaan kawasan ekowisata Tangkahan tahun 2006 sampai dengan tahun 2011 [The management plan of Tangkahan Tourism in 2006 to 2011]. Tangkahan.; 2006. [Bahasa Indonesia] 2. Susilo F. Keanekaragaman jenis pohon di kawasan hutan Tangkahan Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser Kabupaten Langkat [Tree

biodiversity at Tangkahan forest area, Gunung Leuser national park, Langkat district] [Skripsi]. Medan: Sumatera Utara University; 2004. [Bahasa Indonesia]

3. As-syakur. Modul pengenalan ArcView untuk dasar analisa Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG)[ArcView introduction modul for basic analysis of geographic information system]. Pusat Penelitian Lingkungan Hidup (PPLH). Denpasar: Universitas Udayana; 2006. [Bahasa Indonesia].

4. Subaryono. Pengantar Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) [Introduction to geographic information system]. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University; 2005.[Bahasa Indonesia]

6. Sumiasri N, T Kuswara, NI Setyowati. Pemanfaatan matoa (Pometia pinnata Forst.) di beberapa daerah di Irian Jaya. [Utilization of matoa (Pometia pinnata Frost.) in several areas in Irian Jaya]. In: Puryanto Y, Waluyo EB, editors Prosiding Seminar Nasional Etnobotani III; 1998 May 5–6; Denpasar, Bali. [Bahasa Indonesia].

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Humboldt Kolleg

–

International Conference on Natural Sciences, HK-ICONS 2014

Forestry Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Sumatera Utara, Jl. Tri Dharma Ujung No. 1 Kampus USU, Medan, 20155, North Sumatra, Indonesia

b_{BPDAS Wampu Sei Ular, Ministry of Forestry, Republic of Indonesia, Medan , Indonesia} c_{Agroecotechnology Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Sumatera Utara, Indonesia}

Abstract

Tangkahanregion islocated betweentwo villages, namely: Namo sialangand SeiSerdang, Batang Serangan Sub-disrict, Langkat District, NorthSumatra, Indonesia. The region developed isinthearea ofGunung Leuser National Park (TNGL)in the working areaTangkahanResort and Cinta Raja Resort, Sub-section RegionIVTNGLBesitang. This area ismanaged withconservationapproachtosustainthe utilizationof naturalresourcesforpresentandfuture. This studyaimedtoidentifythe forest plant speciesin Tangkahanandmapping the existence ofthesespeciesusingGeographicInformation System (GIS). To identifythe species offorest plant was used survey method. In this method, was used GlobalPositioningSystem (GPS) to make a track. There were found five tracks in this study. Based on the tracks, there were found 5 species in Rafflesia Garden Track, 18 species in 60 hours Track, 12 species in Youth Track 9 species in Family Track, and 11 species in Adventure Track. The species was mapped based on their respective track. These speciesneed to benurtured andprotectedbecausethere arespeciesthat was found as a medicinal plant, rareandprotectedspecies. By knowingthe species offorest plantthat exists in Tangkahanarea, is expected tosupport theconservationof natural resources.

Keywords: Tangkaha;, GIS; GPS; RafflesiaTrack

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +62 61 8220605; fax: +62 61 8211924.

E-mail address: [email protected]

Commented [E1]: MOHON DIPERHATIKAN

1.Mohon komentar yang sudah diberikan jangan dihapus. 2.Apabila ada komentar balik harap langsung dituliskan dalam ko tak Comment ini.

3.Untuk revisi langsung saja pada dokumen ini. 4.Harap diubah ke dalam template ICONS

5.Beberapa kata yang perlu diperbaiki adalah kata yang diberi war na merah.

6.Semua tanda penghubung yang menggunakan minus (-) sebaikn ya diganti menggunakan en dash (–)

7.Mohon ditambahkan nomenclature sesuai dengan template ICO NS, hanya saja peletakannya di bawah Keywords dan di atas Intro duction.

Commented [E2]: Penulisan tidak menggunakan Bold

Commented [E3]: Penulisan tidak menggunakan Bold dan tidak

disingkat, serta sebaiknya tidak menggunakan kata “and”

Mohon diperbaiki peletakkan huruf pada nama terakhir.

Commented [E4]: Mohon keterangan diisikan lengkap (format:

Fisrt affiliation, Address, City and Postcode, Country)

Commented [E5]: Satuan waktu sebaiknya menggunakan singkatan.

“s” untuk second, “min” untuk minute, “h” untuk hour, “d” untuk day, “mo” untuk month, dan “yr” untuk year

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Rahmawaty, E. Kurnia, A. Syofyan, A. Raufc

1. Introduction

Tangkahan region is located between two villages, namely: Namo Sialang and Sei Serdang, Batang Serangan Sub-disrict, Langkat District, North Sumatra, Indonesia. The region developed is in the area of Gunung Leuser National Park (TNGL) in the working area Tangkahan Resort and Cinta Raja Resort, Sub-section Region IV TNGL Besitang [1,2]. This area is managed with conservation approach to sustain the utilization of natural resources for present and future.

This region has a diversity of plants that have not been well identified. One of the problems in ecotourism development of this nature is the unavailability of the tracks in this area which can make it easier for visitors to the region surround.

This study aimed to identify the forest plant species in Tangkahan and mapping the existence of these species. By knowing the species of forest plant that exists in Tangkahan area, is expected to support the conservation of natural resources.

2. Material and Methods

This study was conducted in March 2011 until May 2011 in the Tangkahan Ecotourism Zone TNGL BTN Langkat region III (Figure 1). Processing and data analysis carried out in the Laboratory of Integrated Forest Management, Forestry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of North Sumatra.

The primary data used in this study were obtained from field data based on observation and direct observation in the form of documentation of the Forest Plants found on the left and the right location through which the data point coordinates and Forest Plants found. The species of Forest Plants was taken based on appeal, uniqueness and special benefits. Observations of list of Forest Plants performed concurrently with the making of the track.

Point coordinates and tracks from the field using GPS, in tabulated into Excel software coordinate data is converted to the type of file (DBF4) to be readable by ArcView program. Then open ArcView [3,4] to

Commented [E7]: Masing-masing paragraf diberikan spasi 3 ketuk, pada ketukan keempat baru memulai tulisan.

(21)

display the coordinates before the theme. The coordinates of the field overlaid on Ecotourism Zone Map Tangkahan with land cover. Map tracks can be displayed using the layout contained in ArcView.

Figure 1. Site Location Map

3. Result and Discussion

There are five new tracks that can support the development of ecotourism in Tangkahan, namely: Rafflesia Track, Track 60 Hours, Youth Track, Track Family, and Adventure Track (Figure 2).

Figure 2. Tracks Map in Tangkahan

Rafflesia Track

Commented [E9]:

1.Sebaiknya disingkat menjadi Fig. 1.

2.Huruf kapital hanya pada awal kalimat nama gambar.

Commented [E10]: Mohon maaf ini merupakan subbab? Setiap penulisan subbab menggunakan nomor urut baru dan Italic, contoh:

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This track is traveled as far as 872 meters. About 2 hours from starting point (Figure 3). The starting point is from pantai kupu-kupu which is not far from the resort. It is located on the Buluh River that flows into the Batang Serangan River. In this track, also there are a tiered waterfall by a local community called as kenangan Waterfall and Lao Anak Pakam Waterfall. There are a rafflesia garden on this track, so this track is named as Rafflesia (Figure 4).

Figure 3. Map of Rafflesia Track in Tangkahan

Figure 4. Rafflesia garden in Rafflesia Track: (a) Rafflesia arnoldi before blooming (b,c) after blooming

The list of forest plants that are found on these tracks can be seen in Table 1.

Table 1. List of Forest Plants on Rafflesia Track

X Y

(a) (b) (c)

Commented [E11]: Penggunaan satuan sebaiknya disingkat saja.

Commented [E12]: Sebaiknya diberikan tanda titik koma sebagai pemisahnya (;).

Commented [E13]: Dalam 1 paragraf minimal ada 2 kalimat.

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1 Durian Hutan (Durio zibhetinus) 396788.38 406572.04 2 Malu Tua (Tristaniopsis whiteana) 396667.68 406353.69

3 Semantok (Shorea lepidota) 396700.52 406500.32

4 Jamur kayu (Shelf fungi) 396371.03 406433.67

5 Meranti buaya (Shorea gibbosa) 396771.23 406587.98

The 60 Hours Track

This track has a distance as far as 4.3 kilometers. About 60 hours long journey. The starting point is from Namo Tangkahan (Figure 5) which can be found after walking for 1 hour from the Visitors Center. The journey to Namo Tangkahan past by Conservation Response Unit (CRU) and cross by the Batang Serangan river. This tourist route journey takes 3 days and 2 nights to get back to the Visitors Center. In this case, a visitor should bring Forest Ranger Guide, Porter, food, mattresses, tents, tires and buoys.

The forest plants that was found along the track is very diverse. Many trees over 400 cm in diameter was found in this area, such as jelutung, cengal, meranti batu, resin and other trees. The largest tree was found Damar (Agathis alba) with buttresses up to 4 m wide. It also found a variety of unique plants such as tara langkup (Figure 6a) is used as a replacement plate mat for tourists due to the leaf surface area is very wide. There is also a beautiful ornamental plant with deep red patterned leaves called Saroja flowers (Figure 6b) by local community. In this area also found a variety of fungi uniquely grown in soil and tree trunks that will bloom after the death and decay. Also found Amorphophallus campanulatus in this track. In addition, there are salak hutan (Figure 6c) which is used as feed for gibbons, monkeys and other forest mammals and gatgatan harimo which is used as medicinal plant (Figure 6d).

Figure 6a. Tara Langkup

Figure 6b. Saroja flower (Angglonema Sp.)

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Figure 6c. Salak hutan (Salacca affinis)

Figure 6d. Gatgatan harimo (Vitis gracilis BL)

Figure 5. Map of 60 Hours Track in Tangkahan

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Tabel 2. List of Forest Plants on 60 Hours Track

No Local Name Latin Name Coordinate Point

x y

16 Bunga Bangkai (Amorphophallus campanulatus) 394468.80 410087.62 17 Merbau (Intsia amboinensis) 394751.27 409852.30 18 Tangkih (Euphorbiaceae sp.) 395085.93 409815.71

Youth Track

This track has a distance as far as 2.6 kilometers. About 3 to 4 hours long journey. In this track, Starting point from Buluh River (Figure 7) which is across the resort and the track also finish in the same place (Buluh River) so we called as circular track. Along the way on this track, tourists can find various kinds of medicinal plants that grow naturally in forests such as paradep and sirih hutan.

List of unique forest plants found along the way on this track is about 12 species ranging from medicinal plants, large trees, mushrooms and unique flowers [5]. In this track was also found Pakam tree or matoa batak (Pometia pinnata) which is a typical plant area of Irian Jaya. The fruits and seeds of this plant can be used as food by the people [6,7].

Paradep is types of medicinal plant that can be efficacious to Eliminate back pain.. This medicinal plant has leaves wide and shiny. In this track is also found gondang tree (Ficus fariegata) which has a characteristic form of the fruit produced out through the plant stem. Gondang fruit is feed a variety of birds.

Family Track

This track has a distance as far as 1.8 kilometers. About 2.5 hours long journey. In this track, starting point also from Buluh River which is across the resort and the track finish in the pantai kupu-kupu (starting point of Rafflesia Track). This track also passes Sei Garut waterfall (Figure 71) because the lines intersect with Youth Track.

On the left side there is a flow of Buluh River which has hot springs (Figure 8) that comes out of the slit cliff (30 centimeters wide) with a height of 2 meters. Due to its small size, the travelers who want to get the hot water should turn to go between the cliffs. The hot water flows into Buluh River.

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This track is most easily compared to four other tracks because this track has a short time and a short distance. Impassable terrain on this track is not too hard so that all ages can pass through it. That is what is called a family track.

Figure 7. Map of Youth Track in Tangkahan The list of forest plants that are found on these tracks can be seen in Table 3.

Table 3. List of of Forest Plants on Youth Track

x y

1 Bayur (Pterospermum javanicum Jungh.) 396515.85 407863.95

2 Bunga Kincung (Nicolaia speciosa) 396932.76 407531.74 3 Cengal Batu (Hopea sangal) 396605.60 407578.58

4 Cep-cepan (Castanopsis costata) 397112.45 407453.84

5 Ficus (Ficus sp.) 396853.56 407723.73

6 Gondang (Ficus fariegeta) 397116.94 407448.34

7 Jamur (Calvatia gigantia) 396844.06 407403.15

8 Kepeng (Euphorbiaceae sp.) 396824.17 407786.98

9 Medang (Dehaasia caesia) 396494.50 407588.75 10 Pakam (Pometia pinnata Jack.) 396481.86 407879.78 11 Paradep (Psycothria stipulacea Wall.) 397110.27 407462.82

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Figure 8. Map of Family Track in Tangkahan

List of forest plants found on the track is also very diverse and it’s almost the same type as the on the

Youth Track. The list of forest plants that are found on these tracks can be seen in Table 4.

Table 4. List of Forest Plants on Family Track

x y

1 Bayur (Pterospermum javanicum) 396861.73 407008.47

2 Bening-bening (Rubiaceae sp.) 396913.56 406927.95

3 Cingkam (Bischofia javanica BL.) 396698.84 407017.73

4 Ficus (Ficus sp.) 396619.24 407413.85

5 Jamur (Agaricus bisporus) 396991.30 407413.85

6 Kepeng (Euphorbiaceae sp.) 396616.47 407119.54

7 Mahang (Macaranga javanica) 396969.09 407433.28

8 Medang (Dehaasia caesia) 396901.52 406939.06

9 Rambe Kura-kura (Lansium sp.) 396623.87 407274.10

Adventure Track

This track has a distance as far as 3.6 kilometers. About 7 hours long journey. In this track, Starting point also from Buluh River (Figure 9). This track initially follows the Youth Track. At the end of the track there is a junction of track that will be finish in a cave called as Goa Kalong. Travelers should bring Forest Ranger Guide, Porter, food, tires and buoys.

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the cave is 1 meter and 1.5 meters, width of 1-1.5 meters in the cave with a height from 1.5 to 3 meters. This cave is muddy smooth and sharp with the rock textured light brown color. The smell of sulfur is removed it does not sting.

Figure 9. Map of Adventure Track in Tangkahan

List of forest plants found on this track are plants that have benefits for community such as medicinal plants. The list of forest plants that are found on these tracks can be seen in Table 5.

Table 5. List of Forest plants at the Adventure Track

x y

1 Bayur (Pterospermum javanicum Jungh.) 396518.81 407860.17 2 Bening-bening (Rubiaceae sp.) 396172.54 408153.89

3 Cengal Batu (Hopea sangal) 396608.48 407578.82 4 Cingkam (Bischofia javanica BL.) 396302.39 408311.57

5 Ficus (Ficus sp.) 395912.83 408596.01

6 Gatgatan Harimo (Vitis gracilis BL.) 395928.28 408308.48 7 Jamur (Volvariella volvacea) 395684.03 408865.00

8 Kruing (Dipterocarpus haseltii) 395665.48 408787.70 9 Medang (Dehaasia caesia) 396487.90 407597.37 10 Meranti Bunga (Shorea teysmanniana) 395878.82 408289.93 11 Pakam (Pometia pinnata) 396472.44 407881.81

4. Conclusion

Forest Plants found on five tracks on Tangkahan region is very diverse both in terms of number of species, species diversity, and the benefits that still need to be investigated further in order to conserve and protect

Commented [E18]: Sebaiknya menggunakan kata penghubung

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natural resources.Some of forest plants that were found on each track were classified as medicinal plant, rare and protected species.

The authors would like to thank the Gunung Leuser National Park (Tangkahan Resort and Cinta Raja Resort, Sub-section Region IV TNGL Besitang) for the support during the research.

References

[1] Lembaga Pariwisata Tangkahan (LPT). Rencana Pengelolaan Kawasan Ekowisata Tangkahan Tahun 2006-2011. Tangkahan. 2006.

[2] Susilo, F. Keanekaragaman Jenis Pohon di Kawasan Hutan Tangkahan Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser Kabupaten Langkat. Program Studi Biologi Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu

Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Sumatera Utara. Medan. 2004.

[3] As-syakur. Modul Pengenalan ArcView untuk dasar analisa Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG). Pusat Penelitian Lingkungan Hidup (PPLH). Universitas Udayana. Bali. 2006.

[4] Subaryono. Pengantar Sistem Informasi Geografis. Jurusan Teknik Geodesi. FT UGM. Yogyakarta. 2005.

[5] Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Forest plants. [CITES]. Appendices I, II and III Valid from 22 May 2009. http://www.cites.org/eng/app/e-appendices.pdf[19 Juni 2009]

[6] Sumiasri, N., T. Kuswara, T., and N.I. Setyowati. Pemanfaatan Mato (Pometia pinnata Forst.) di Beberapa Daerah di Irian Jaya.

ProsidingSeminar Nasional Etnobotani III. Denpasar – Bali, 5 – 6 Mei 1998

[7] Rahayu, M., Susiarti, S., dan Purwanto, Y..Kajian Pemanfaatan Tumbuhan Non Kayu oleh Masyarakat Lokal di Kawasan Konservasi PT. Wira Karya Sakti Sungai Tapa – Jambi. Biodiversitas 2000; Vol.8 hal. 73-78.

Commented [E19]:

1.Penulisan nomor urut pada referensi tidak menggunakan tanda kurung siku.

2.Penulisan singkatan sebelum nama tidak menggunakan tanda koma

3.Penulisan singkatan tidak menggunakan tanda titik. 4.Sebaiknya tidak menggunakan “and”

Commented [E20]: Judul hanya menggunakan huruf kapital pada awal kalimat.

Commented [E21]: Menggunakan en dash (–) Mohon diperhatikan format penulisan referensi

Van der Geer J, Hanraads JAJ, Lupton RA. The art of writing a scientific article. J Sci Commun 2000;163:51–59.

Strunk Jr W, White EB. The elements of style. 3rd ed. New York: Macmillan; 1979.

Mettam GR, Adams LB. How to prepare an electronic version of your article. In: Jones BS, Smith RZ, editors. Introduction to the electronic age. New York: E-Publishing Inc; 1999. p. 281–304.

Commented [E22]: Mohon maaf ini apakah skripsi? Berikut adalah format penulisan referensi dari skripsi dan sejenisnya.

Kay JG. Intracellular cytokine trafficking and phagocytosis in macrophages [Thesis]. St. Lucia, Qld: University of Queensland; 2007.

Commented [E23]: Berikut merupakan format referensi yang diperoleh melalui internet.

McCook A. Pre-diabetic condition linked to memory loss [Internet]. 2010 [cited 2010 Apr 14]. Available from:

http://preventdisease.com/news/articles/pre-diabetic_memory_loss.shtml

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ScienceDirect

2nd Humboldt Kolleg in conjunction with International Conference on Natural Sciences,

HK-ICONS 2014

Integrated Geographic Information System and Global Positioning

System for Mapping of Forest Plants in Supporting

Natural Resources Protection

Rahmawaty

a*

_{, Elsi Kurnia Sari}

a

_{, Ahmad Syofyan}

b

_{, Abdul Rauf}

c

Abstract

Tangkahan region is managed with conservation approach to sustain the utilization of natural resources for the present and future. This study aims to identify the forest plant species in Tangkahan and mapping the existence of these species using Geographic Information System (GIS). Survey method was used to identify the species of forest plant in Tangkahan. To make the tracks Global Positioning System (GPS) were used. Based on exploration in this area, there found five tracks, namely: Rafflesia Garden Track, 60 Hours Track, Youth Track, Family Track, and Adventure Track. Based on the tracks, there were 5 species in Rafflesia Garden Track, 18 species in 60 Hours Track, 12 species in Youth Track, 9 species in Family Track, and 11 species in Adventure Track. The species were mapped based on their respective tracks. These species need to be nurtured and protected because there were species that was found as medicinal plants, rare and protected species. By knowing the species of forest plant that exists in Tangkahan area, it is expected to support the conservation of natural resources.

Keywords: GIS; GPS; Rafflesia track; Tangkahan...

Commented [R1]: Mhn perhatian tentang pencantuman lokasi table. Sebaiknya langsung di sub. bab. masing-masing. Boleh saja semua tabel di jadikan satu kesatuan lokasi. Tapi konsisten, Table 1 juga dipisah dari sub bab. Bila mau seperti ini maka semua table di kelompokkan di

Appendices

Commented [R2]: Ini kan nama. Bukan Simbol jadi tidak disingkat

Commented [R3]: Pendapat saya ada yang kurang. Apa tidak sebaiknya dicantumkan mapping of forest plants, natural resources protection

Commented [R4]: Kenapa hanya dicantumkan track ini doang?

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Tangkahan region is located between two villages, namely: Namo Sialang and Sei Serdang, in Batang Serangan Sub-Disrict, Langkat District, North Sumatra, Indonesia. The region has developed in the area of Gunung Leuser National Park (TNGL) in the working area of Tangkahan Resort and Cinta Raja Resort, Sub Section Region IV TNGL Besitang1,2 _{(Fig.1). This area is managed with conservation approach to sustain the utilization of natural}

resources for the present and future.

The Tangkahan region has a diverse of plants that have not been identified. One of the problems in ecotourism development is the unavailability of the tracks in this area that can make it easier for visitors to explore the region. The study aims to identify forest plant species in Tangkahan and mapping the existence of these species. By Management, Forestry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of North Sumatra.

The coordinate points and tracks from the field using GPS, in tabulated into Excel software coordinate data is converted to the type of file (DBF4) to be readable by ArcView program. Then ArcView3,4 _{was used to display the}

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There were five new tracks that can support the development of ecotourism in Tangkahan, namely: Rafflesia Track, 60 h Track, Youth Track, Family Track, and Adventure Track. The five tracks in Tangkahan can be seen in Fig. 2.

The track travelled as far as 872 m. About 2 h from starting point (Fig. 2). The starting point is from pantai kupu-kupu which is not far from the resort. It is located on the Buluh River that flows into the Batang Serangan

River. In this track, there is also a tiered waterfall which by local community is called as Kenangan Waterfall and

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Fig 2. The tracks map in Tangkahan

Fig. 3. The Rafflesia garden in Rafflesia Track: (a) Rafflesia arnoldi before blooming ;(b,c) Rafflesia arnoldi after blooming

(a) (b) (c)

1000 0 1000 2000 Meters

N

E W

S

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x y

1 Durian Hutan (Durio zibhetinus) 396 788.38 406 572.04 2 MaluTua (Tristaniopsis whiteana) 396 667.68 406 353.69 3 Semantok (Shorea lepidota) 396 700.52 406 500.32

4 Jamur kayu (Shelf fungi) 396 371.03 406 433.67

5 Meranti buaya (Shorea gibbosa) 396 771.23 406 587.98

3.2. The 60 hours track

The track is 4.3 km long. About 60 h long journey. The starting point is from Namo Tangkahan (Fig. 2) which can be found after walking for 1 h from the Visitors Center. The journey to Namo Tangkahan past by Conservation Response Unit (CRU) and cross by the Batang Serangan River. This tourist route journey takes 3 d to get back to the visitors center. In this case, a visitor should bring forest ranger guide, porter, food, mattresses, tents, tires and buoys.

There were 18 forest plants that were found in 60 hours Track. Different from Rafflesia Track, the forest plant that was found along this track is very diverse. Many trees over 400 cm in diameter were found in this area, such as jelutung, cengal, meranti batu, resin and other trees. The list of forest plants that are found on these tracks can be seen in Table 2.

The largest tree found was Damar (Agathis alba) with buttresses up to 4 m wide. It was also found a variety of unique plants such as tara langkup (Fig. 4a) which was used as a replacement plate mat for tourists due to the leaf surface area was very wide. There was also a beautiful ornamental plant with deep red patterned leaves called Saroja

flowers (Fig. 4b) by local community. In this area also found a variety of fungi uniquely grown in soil and tree trunks that will bloom after the death and decay. Also found Amorphophallus campanulatus in the track. In addition, there are salak hutan (Fig. 4c) which is used as feed for gibbons, monkeys and other forest mammals and

gatgatan harimo which is used as medicinal plant (Fig. 4d).

Fig. 4b. Saroja flower (Angglonema sp.)

Commented [R6]: Sebagian Table Ibu menggunakan kata The list tapi ada yang hanya List. Mhn konsistensi!!! Sdh saya betulkan

Commented [R7]: Tanda ( ) jangan ikut Italic. Sdh saya betulkan. Capai deh Bu!

Commented [R8]: Bukan simbol. Jadi tdk disingkat

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Fig. 4c. Salak hutan (Salacca affinis)

Fig. 4d. Gatgatan harimo (Vitisgracilis BL.)

The track is 2.6 km long, about 3 h to 4 h long journey. The starting point of this track is from Buluh River (Fig. 2) which is across the resort and the track also finishes in the same place (Buluh River) so we called as circular track. Along the way on this track, tourists can find various kinds of medicinal plants that grow naturally in forests such as paradep and sirih hutan.

Unique forest plants can be found along the way on this track, about 12 species ranging from medicinal plants, large trees, mushrooms and unique flowers5_{. In the track was found}_Pakam_{tree or}_{matoa batak}₍_Pometia_sp_._{) which}

is a typical plant area of Irian Jaya. The fruits and seeds of this plant can be used as food by the people6,7_.

Paradep is the types of medicinal plant that can be efficacious to cure back pain. This medicinal plant has wide and shiny leaves. In this track we can also find gondang tree (Ficus fariegata) which has a characteristic form of the fruit produced out through the plant stem. Gondang fruit is food for a variety of birds...

3.4. The family track

On the left side, there is a flow of Buluh River which has hot springs that comes out of the slit cliff (30 cm wide) with a height of 2 m. Due to its small size, travellers who want to get the hot water should turn to go between the cliffs. The hot water flows into Buluh River.

This track is the easiest of four other tracks because it has the shortest distance. Impassable terrain on this track is not too hard so that all ages can pass through it. That is what is called a family track. The list of forest plants that

Commented [R10]: Irian Jaya sudah DIHAPUS diganti Papua

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were found in Family Track were also very diverse and it’s almost the same type as the on the Youth Track (Table 4).

3.5. The adventure track

The track has a distance as far as 3.6 km. About 7 h long journey. In this track, the starting point is also from

Buluh River (Fig. 9). This track initially follows the Youth Track. At the end of the track there is a junction of track that will be finish in a cave called as Goa Kalong. Travellers should bring forest ranger guide, porter, food, tires and buoys.

Near the Kalong Cave, there was a cave (Sekucib Cave) that has a hot water spring. Sekucib Cave bordering with the Batang Serangan River. It has 15 m depth, width and height of the mouth of the cave is 1.0 m and 1.5 m, width of 1.0 m to1.5 m in the cave with a height from 1.5 m to 3.0 m. This cave is muddy smooth and sharp with the rock textured light brown colour. The smell of sulphur is removed it does not sting.

Table 2. List of forest plants on 60 Hours Track

Coordinate point

Commented [R12]: Sebaiknya table 4 di bawah ini

Commented [R13]: Sebaiknya dicantumkan table 5 di bawah ini.

Commented [R14]: Seharusnya spt ini!

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Table 3. List of of forest plants on youth track

Table 5. List of forest plants at the adventure track

No _{Local name} _{Scientific name} Coordinate point

Commented [R16]: Kenapa tidak dicantumkan di sub bab 3.3.

Commented [R17]: Next time bila melakukan survey serupa, saya menyarankan pencantuman agar lengkap serupa ini. Ada authoritas-nya. Banyak data di tabel tanpa authoritas-pemberi nama. Krn ini adalah tulisan ilmiah!

Commented [R18]: Serupa ini. BAGUS

Commented [R19]: Serupa ini. Good

Commented [R20]: Kenapa di sini? Tidak di sub bab 3.4

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4. Conclusion

The forest plants that werefound on five tracks on Tangkahan region is very diverse both the number of species diversity and the benefits that still need to be investigated further in order to conserve and protect natural resources. Some of forest plants that were found on each track were classified as medicinal plant, rare and protected species. The medicinal plants that were found in Tangkahan, namely: paradep(Psycothrias tipulacea), sirih hutan (Piper betle), and gatgatan harimo (Vitis gracilis)and rare and protected plants that were found in Tangkahan, namely: bunga bangkai(Amorphophallus campanulatus).

References

1. Lembaga Pariwisata Tangkahan [Tangkahan Tourism Agency] (LPT). Rencana pengelolaan kawasan ekowisata Tangkahan tahun 2006 sampai dengan tahun 2011 [The management plan of Tangkahan Tourism in 2006 to 2011]. Tangkahan.; 2006. [Bahasa Indonesia] 2. Susilo F. Keanekaragaman jenis pohon di kawasan hutan Tangkahan Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser Kabupaten Langkat [Tree

biodiversity at Tangkahan forest area, Gunung Leuser national park, Langkat district] [Skripsi]. Medan: Sumatera Utara University; 2004. [Bahasa Indonesia]

3. As-syakur. Modul pengenalan ArcView untuk dasar analisa Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG)[ArcView introduction modul for basic analysis of geographic information system]. Pusat Penelitian Lingkungan Hidup (PPLH). Denpasar: Universitas Udayana; 2006. [Bahasa Indonesia].

4. Subaryono. Pengantar Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) [Introduction to geographic information system]. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University; 2005.[Bahasa Indonesia]

6. Sumiasri N, T Kuswara, NI Setyowati. Pemanfaatan matoa (Pometia pinnata Forst.) di beberapa daerah di Irian Jaya. [Utilization of matoa (Pometia pinnata Frost) in several areas in Irian Jaya]. In: Puryanto Y, Waluyo EB, editors Prosiding Seminar Nasional Etnobotani III; 1998 May 5–6; Denpasar, Bali. [Bahasa Indonesia].

7. Rahayu M., Susiarti S, Purwanto Y. Kajian pemanfaatan tumbuhan non kayu oleh masyarakat lokal di kawasan konservasi PT. Wira Karya Sakti Sungai Tapa, Jambi. [Study of the utilization of non-timber forest vegeatation by local society at PT. Wira Karya Sakti Sungai Tapa conservation area, Jambi]. Biodiversitas 2000;8:73–78.[Bahasa Indonesia].

Commented [R22]: Diberi ( ). Sdh saya melakukannya