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Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers.) DENGAN METODE DPPH SERTA ANALISIS KANDUNGAN KIMIANYA
ABSTRAK
Kulit batang landoyung (Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers.) biasanya digunakan sebagai obat sakit pencernaan dan sebagai bumbu masak. Mengandung senyawa kimia yang terdiri dari saponin, flavonoid dan tanin, merupakan metabolit sekunder yang bersifat antioksidan. Antioksidan merupakan senyawa yang dapat menghambat reaksi oksidasi, dengan mengikat radikal bebas dan molekul yang sangat reaktif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik simplisia dan ekstrak, skrining fitokimia dan uji aktivitas antioksidan dari ekstrak etanol kulit batang landoyung serta analisis kandungan kimia secara kromatografi.
Serbuk simplisia diekstraksi secara maserasi menggunakan etanol 80%, maserat yang diperoleh diuapkan dengan bantuan rotari evaporator temperatur ±40˚C. Serbuk simplisia dan ekstrak dikarakterisasi dan diskrining fitokimia. Ekstrak diuji aktivitas antioksidan dengan metode pemerangkapan radikal bebas DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), serta dianalisis kandungan kimianya dengan KLT dan KKt.
Hasil pemeriksaan karakteristik simplisia kulit batang landoyung dan ekstrak berturut-turut yaitu kadar air (5,66% dan 9,33%), kadar sari larut air (8,00% dan 26,66%), kadar sari larut etanol (8,33% dan 29,00%), kadar abu (2,62% dan 2,24%), serta kadar abu larut asam (0,65% dan 0,47%). Serbuk simplisia dan ekstrak mengandung senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, glikosida, saponin, tanin, dan triterpenoid/ steroid. Pengukuran aktivitas antioksidan denganmetode pemerangkapan radikal bebasDPPH, ekstrak etanol kulit batang landoyung menunjukkan kekuatan antioksidan dalam kategori sangat kuat dengan nilai IC50 30,94 µg/mL. Hasil KLT ekstrak etanol kulit batang landoyung diperoleh 11 senyawa triterpenoid dan 8 senyawa alkaloid. Hasil KKt diperoleh 3 senyawa flavonoid dan 1 senyawa tanin.
Kata kunci: antioksidan metode DPPH, ekstrak etanol, Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers., KLT, KKt.
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CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY TEST OF
ETHANOL EXTRACT OF LANDOYUNG BARK (Litsea cubeba (Lour.)
Pers.WITH DPPH METHOD AND ALSO ANALYSIS CHEMICAL CONTENT
ABSTRACT
Bark of landoyung (Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers.) has been used as diarrhea and spises. Contained chemical compounds such as saponin, flavonoid and tannin, which are secondary metabolites that are fungctioning as antioxidant.. Antioxidants are compounds that can inhibit the oxidation reaction, by scavenging free radicals and highly reactive molecules. The purpose of this study is to characterize the simplex and extract, phytochemical screening and test the antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of landoyung bark, and also chromatographic analysis of the chemical constituents in ethanol ehtract of landoyung bark.
Simplex was extracted by maseration with ethanol 80%, maserat was evaporated by rotary evaporator by ± 40˚C. Simplex and extract were characterized and screened phytochemically. The Extract was tested by the free radical geminating method of DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) to determine its antioxidant activity, and also was analysed chemicals compounds by TLC and paper chromatography .
The result of the simplex and extract characterization were following level of water content (5.66% and 9.33%), level of water-soluble extract (8.00% and 26.66%), level of ethanol-soluble extract (8.33% dan 29.00%), level of total ash (2.62% and 2.24%), and level of ash not soluble in acid (0.65% and 0.47%). Phytochemical screening that simplex and extract of landoyung bark contains alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, glycosides, and triterpenoid/ steroid. Results of the antioxidant activity test with DPPH method, showed the ethanol extract of the landoyung bark has a very strong antioxidant activity with the IC50 value 30.94 µg/mL. The TLC results showed the ethanol extrac contains 11 triterpenoids and 8 alkaloid compounds. The results of paper chromatography showed that it contains 3 flavonoid and 1 tanin compounds.
Keywords: antioxidants DPPH methode, extracts of ethanol, Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers., TLC, paper chromatography.
