CONFLICTS OF INTEREST BETWEEN THE FAMILY AND THE STATE IN SOPHOCLES’ ANTIGONE (1912): PSYCHOANALYTIC CRITICISM Conflict of Interest Between The Family and The State In Sophocles' Antigone (1912) : Psychoanalytic Criticism.

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CONFLICTS OF INTEREST BETWEEN THE FAMILY AND THE STATE IN SOPHOCLES’ ANTIGONE (1912): PSYCHOANALYTIC CRITICISM

RESEARCH PAPER

Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the requirements for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education in English Department

By

NUNUNG SOLIAH A320070328

SCHOOL OF TEACHING TRAINING AND EDUCATION MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA

APPROVAL

CONFLICT OF INTERESTS BETWEEN THE FAMILY AND THE STATE IN SOPHOCLES’ ANTIGONE (1912): PSYCHOANALYTIC CRITICISM

RESEARCH PAPER

by

NUNUNG SOLIAH A 320 070 328

Aprroved to be Examined by

Consultant I Consultant II

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TESTIMONY

I hereby assert that there is no plagiarism in this research paper. There is no other work that has been submitted to obtain the bachelor degree and as far as I am concerned there is opinion that has been written or published before, except the written references which are referred in this paper and mentioned in the bibliography.

If any incorrectness is proved in the future dealing with my statement above, I will be fully responsible.

Surakarta, November 2011

The writer

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M OTTO

When there is a difficulty, there must be a way to finish it (QS. Al -I nsyirah: 6-7) whether you think you can or you can’t, either way you are right (Henry Ford)

Take t he f irst st ep in f ait h. You don’t have t o see t he whole st aircase,

Just take the first step (D. Justin Raf les K ing Jr)

L if e is choice which is cont rol of all it s consequence (The writ er)

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DEDICATION

From my deep heart and great love, this research paper is dedicated to:

? The greatest ones Allah SWT and the Prophet Muhammad SAW

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Assalamu’alaikum Wr.Wb.

Alhamdulillahirobbil’alamin. Praise and gratitude only to Allah SWT, the glorious, the Lord and all mighty, the merciful and the compassionate, who has given bless and opportunity for the researcher to finish writing the paper entitled Conflicts of Interest between the Family and the State: Psychoanalytic Perspective. Greatings and invocation are presented to the prophet Muhammad SAW, who has guided mankid to the right path blessed by the Lord.

The researcher realizes it is imposible to finish to finish writing the researcher without any help, support, encouragement, and advice from others. This is because of her limitation. Therefore, the researcher would like to express her deepest appreciation and gratitude to persons who have given contribution to her to finish the paper, among others are:

1. Drs. Sofyan Anif, M.Si. the dean of school of Teacher Training and Education of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta who has given the legalization towards her research paper.

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3. Drs. M. Thoyibi, M.S., the researcher’s first consultant and the inspiring person for giving his great help, advice, guidance, so that the researcher is motivated and courageous to finish the research paper.

4. Anam Sutopo, S.Pd., M.Hum., as the second consultant for his great helpful guidance of this research paper, and as the academic consultant for having guidance and help indirectly during the researcher’s study in this university

5. All of English Department’s lectures in Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta

6. Ibu and Bapak, the reseracher’s parents for their eternal blood, prays and tears for her. She cannot repay those all, hopefully, Allah repays those they have given and she will try to make them proud of her.

7. Her sister and younger brother, Mbak.Roro and Lutvi, for the love and joke.

8. Diyah, Titik, Elisa, Tutay, Anjar, Mbak.Vita, Mbak.Utik, Mbak.Damay, Mas Jack, Mas Tofik, Owol, Nisa, Pak dhe, Kocep, Maul who always give her and his help, for relationship, friendship and love

9. Her English Department’s friends in 2007 class J academic year who always give her and his help, support and struggle together to finish the research paper

10.THE JACK team, for the laugh, share, and other beautiful moments 11.Her friends in Griya Kusuma and Wisma Asri Family

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13.Her big honey, Hermin for giving the warm when the rain falls

14.All her friends for sharing in the same struggle in writing research paper at the direction for Mr. Thoyibi, and

15.All of people that cannot be mentioned one by one, for being part of the researcher’s life

The writer considers that this research paper is far from being perfect. Therefore, suggestions and criticisms are welcome and accepted. She wishes that this research paper would be valuable for the readers.

Wassalamu’alaikum Wr.Wb.

Surakarta, November 2011 The writer

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TABLE OF CONTENT

TITLE ... i

APPROVAL... ii

ACCEPTANCE... iii

TESTIMONY ... iv

MOTTO ... v

DEDICATION ... vi

ACKNOWLEDGMENT ... vii

TABLE OF CONTENT ...viii

SUMMARY CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ... 1

A. Background of the Study... 1

B. Literary Review ... 5

C. Problem Statement ... 6

D. Limitation of the Study ... 6

E. Benefit of the Study... 6

F. Objective of the Study ... 6

G. Research Methodology... 7

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CHAPTER II: UNDERLYING THORY ... 10

A. Notion of Psychoana lytic ... 11

B. Theory of Personality ... 12

C. Structural Element of Drama ... 15

D. Theoretical Application ... 22

CHAPTER III: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS... 24

A. Structural Elements of Antigone ... 24

1. Character and Characterization ... 24

2. Plot ... 35

3. Setting... 36

4. Set Dressing and properties ... 37

5. Costume and make up ... 37

6. Theme ... 38

B. Discussion ... 39

CHAPTER IV: PSYCHOANALYTIC ANALYSIS ... 43

A. Structure of Antigones’ Personality ... 43

B. Conflicts of interest ... 48

C. Discussion of Analysis ... 54

CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION... .. 56

A. Conclusion... 56

B. Suggestion... 57 BIBLIOGRAPHY

x ABSTRACT

Nunung Soliah. A 320 070 328. CONFLICTS OF INTEREST BETWEEN THE FAMILY AND THE STATE IN SOPHOCLES’ ANTIGONE _(1912): PSYCHOANALYTIC CRITICISM. RESEARCH PAPER. MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA. 2011

This study aims to explore the conflicts of interest between the family and the state in Sophocles’s Antigone. The objective of the research is to analyze the drama based on its structural elements and to analyze the poetry based on psychanalytic criticism.

The researcher employs a qualitative method. In this method, the researcher uses two data sources, namely primary and secondary data sources. The primary data source is the drama script. The secondary data sources are reference and material related to the study. The method of data collection is library research and the technique of data collection is descriptive technique.

The study shows the following conclusions. First, based on the structural analysis, it is clear that in this drama, Sophocles wants to deliver a message that sometimes a conflict is hard to solve. Second, based on the psychoanalytic analysis, it is evident that Sophocles reflects a psychological phenomenon, namely the conflict of id, ego and superego.

First Consultant Second Consultant

Drs. M. Thoyibi, M.S Anam Sutopo, S.Pd., M.Hum

Dean