DANIEL BOYLE’S PSYCHOPATHY IN CHRIS MOONEY’S
THE MISSING
A THESIS
Submitted as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Sarjana Degree of English Department Faculty of Letters and Humanities State Islamic University
of Sunan Ampel Surabaya
By:
Nihlah Turdhiyana Reg. Number: A03212058
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LETTERS AND HUMANITIES STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF SUNAN AMPEL
ABSTRACT
Turdhiyana, Nihlah. 2016. Daniel Boyle’s Psychopathy in Chris Mooney’s The
Missing. Thesis. English Department, Faculty of Letters and Humanities, State Islamic University Sunan Ampel Surabaya.
Advisor : Dr. Mohammad Kurjum, M. Ag.
This thesis tries to analyze Chris Mooney’s novel entitled The Missing. This research discusses about the factors of Daniel Boyle as the minor character becoming a psychopath. In this thesis, the researcher proposes two research questions, those are; how Daniel’s characterization as a psychopath and what factors influence Daniel Boyle to become psychopath. This thesis uses New Criticism theory, character and characterization because this thesis talks about the characterization of a psychopath. This thesis also uses Psychoanalysis theory of Sigmund Freud to analyze the factors of Daniel to become a psychopath. With analyzing the psychological factors of Daniel, the researcher finds how id, ego and superego from Daniel work in his effort to pursue the women to be his victims. This thesis uses descriptive qualitative method and library based because the data collected are organized depend on the researcher and how the data were rendered and through the source of library. As the result of this research, the writer finds the factor of Daniel becoming a psychopath is motivated by his desire which want to get a gratification with kills many women and enjoys the suffering of his victims.
ABSTRAK
Turdhiyana, Nihlah. 2016. Sifat Psikopat Daniel Boyle dalam Novel The Missing oleh Chriss Mooney. Skripsi. Fakultas adab dan Humaniora. Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel Surabaya.
Dosen Pembimbing : Dr. Mohammad Kurjum, M. Ag.
Skripsi ini ditulis untuk menganalisa novel karya Chris Mooney yang berjudul The Missing. Skripsi ini membahas tentang faktor penyebab Daniel Boyle yang merupakan minor karakter dalam novel tersebut menjadi seorang psikopat. Skripsi ini membahas dua pertanyaan yaitu bagaimana karakter Daniel sebagai seorang psikopat dan faktor-faktor apa saja yang menyebabkan Daniel menjadi seorang psikopat. Dalam skripsi ini, peneliti menggunakan teori; New Criticism, karakter dan karakterisasi, karena skripsi ini membahas karakter dari seorang psikopat. Kemudian teori Psikoanalisis dari Sigmund Freud untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor Daniel menjadi seorang psikopat. Dengan menganalisa faktor-faktor psikopat dari Daniel, peneliti menemukan bagaimana id, ego dan superego dari Daniel bekerja dalam upayanya memburu para wanita yang akan dijadikan korban. Skripsi ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dan penelitian perpustakaan karena data dikumpulkan dan diolah serta disajikan berdasarkan data pemikiran penulis dan juga menurut sumber dari perpustakaan. Hasil dari penelitian ini, penulis menemukan bahwa faktor Daniel menjadi psikopat didorong oleh nafsunya yang ingin memperoleh kepuasan dengan membunuh para wanita dan menikmati rasa sakit yang diderita oleh para korbannya.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Inside Cover Page ………...…….. i
Inside Title Page ……….. ii
Declaration Page ……….… iii
Motto ………... iv
Dedication Page ………... v
Advisor’s Approval Page ……… vi
Examiner’s Approval Page ……… vii
Acknowledgement ……… viii
Table of Contents ………. x
Abstract ……….. xii
Abstrak ...………... xiii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1. Background of Study …..………... 1
1.2. Statement of Problem ……….. 5
1.3. Objective of the Study ………... 6
1.4. Scope and Limitation ……….……...6
1.5. Significance of the Study ………. 6
1.6. Method of the Study ……… 7
1.7. Definition of Key Terms ………..… 8
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1. Theoretical Framework ……… 9
2.1.1. New Criticism Theory ………. 9
2.1.1.2. Characterization ……… 13
2.1.2. Psychoanalysis Theory ………... 15
2.1.2.1. The Id ……… 16
2.1.2.2. The Ego ………..…... 17
2.1.2.3. The Superego ………...………. 18
2.2. Related Review ……….. 19
CHAPTER III ANALYSIS 3.1. Daniel Boyle’s Character ...…... 21
3.2. Daniel Boyle’s Factors that Influence to Become Psychopath …... 31
3.3. Woman’s Characteristics of Daniel Boyle’s victims………. 36
CHAPTER IV CONCLUSION ………. 44
WORKS CITED ………...………. 46
APPENDICES BIOGRAPHY ……… 49
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background of the Study
Literature is the portrait of the human experiences, through literature
readers are able to understand the aspect of life without roving the entire of the
world. Through the number of the authors and literary works those readers ever
read, they are able to develop their imagination to understand the aspect of life. As
what Robert and Jacob said that literature develops our imagination, enable us to
recognize human dreams and struggles in difference place and time (2). Shortly,
literature is the way to understand someone’s expression of thoughts, feelings, and
experience of life in different place and time.
There are many kinds of literary works, such as novel, drama, poetry, and
short story. According to Edgar and Henry, literature may be classified into four
categories or genres: prose fiction, poetry, drama, and nonfiction prose. Prose
fiction, poetry and drama are usually classified as imaginative literature, such as:
myths, parables, romances, novels and short stories (2). While nonfiction prose is
consist of news reports, feature articles, essays, editorials, textbooks, historical
and biographical works (3). Each of those genres is different each other. For
instance, prose is in narration, while poetry is in rhyme and rhythm, and drama is
in its dialogue and action. While the nonfiction prose present the truth of the
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In this thesis, the author chooses the novel for analysis. Novel is a kind of
prose. The term novel is applied to a great variety of writings that has in common
only the attribute of being extended works of fiction written in prose (Abrams
190). From the definition above, novel is the idea of the author that contains
various imagination. Novel also often tells about the human life such as the
human psychology, the motive of his act, their characterization, and the others.
Novel has some elements such as: plot, theme, character and setting
(Nurgiyantoro 12). The story in the novel will make the reader know more and
understand of the world around them. This one is the reason why this study
choose the novel as an object to be analyzed because it is one of the window to
look the real life portrait of the world in different place and time.
One of the important elements of novel is character, which influence the
story to be more interesting. According to Collins Cobuild English dictionary,
character is the personality of a person consist of all the qualities they have that
make them distinct from other peoples (225). So, the character is the important
point within a literary work, especially in novel. Moreover, a character is the
representation of human being of real world with its inner self that determines
thought, speech, and behavior through dialogues and actions (Robert and Jacob
143)
In this thesis, the study would like to criticize the character in the novel
through psychoanalysis of Sigmund Freud, that focus on psychopathy. Freud
stated, that psychoanalysis is a method of medical treatment for those suffering
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medical treatment for human who have trouble in their thinking. So,
psychoanalysis is a study of human mind and behavior. Besides, to understand the
character’s personality in the novel, the study uses New Criticism theory to
analyze the character and characterization.
Psychology is a scientific discipline that studies psychological and
biological processes and behavior in humans and other animals (Encyclopedia
Britanica 1113). Psychology is a scientific study of the way the human mind
works and how it influences. If psychology is like a big umbrella, it has other
small umbrella inside. One of those is psychopathy. When we listen about
psychopathy, all in our mind is about killer, crime, victims, and fear. There are
many cases of psychopathy according to the news in television and newspaper. It
is true that psychopathy appears because of disorder in the way of thinking and
personality disorder.
Psychopathy is defined as a kind of antisocial personality disorder which
is persistently doing disobedience toward human right. They often disobey the
rules and norms and impulsive social convention and the psychopath often show
their charisma in their appearance and they also categorize having high
intelligence (Patrick 3). Psychopathy is mental disorder characterized primarily by
a lack of empathy and remorse, shallow emotions, egocentricity and
deceptiveness. It means that human with a psychopath disorder is generally have
no concern for the feelings of others and a complete disregard for any sense of
social obligation. They seem egocentric and lacking insight and any sense of
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shallow, if they exist at all. Psychopaths are highly prone to antisocial behavior
and abusive treatment of others, and very disproportionately responsible for
violent crime. Though lacking empathy and emotional depth; they often manage
to pass themselves off as average individuals by feigning emotions and lying
about their pasts (Bobich 8).
The writer chooses Chris Mooney’s novel. The writer is interested to his
works because he is an American journalist and author that good in combine the
mysteries and suspense stories. Chris Mooney was born in Mesa, Arizona,
September 20, 1977 and grew up in New Orleans, Louisiana. He graduated from
Yale University in 1999. His works are popular and nominated the Edgar Award
Barry Award for category best novel, they are Deviant Ways, World without End,
and Remembering Sarah. Then, he wins the international selection Book of the
Month Club with 22 million in 13 countries because of his work, The Missing.
The Missing novel is one of literary work of Chris Mooney that had been
written at 2007. This novel tells about the disappearance of women who was
found dead later. This murder has happened during many years and has not been
found the culprit. There are three females who saw the murderer killing the
woman. That murderer looked for that three females to be hunted and then killed.
One of them had been murdered, one other lost and one saved. After many years,
the woman who saved joined to police and find out who is the murderer. During
the search, the murderer has still not found but the victims are increasing. The
murderer continues to kidnap woman to be used as his game before he kills them.
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have a psychopath characterization. Daniel Boyle is the character that has a
psychopath characterization.
In this thesis, the study would like to analyze the character in the novel
through new criticism field, such as character and characterization and to analyze
the psychological factors of the minor character. So that, this thesis wants to
analyze the novel uses characterization and psychoanalysis. The writer chooses
The Missing novel by Chris Mooney to be analyzed because the writer interest to
know how the author describes the characterization of the minor character and his
psychopath factors. So, the writer entitles this thesis as Daniel Boyle’s
Psychopathy in Chris Mooney’s The Missing.
1.2. Statement of the Problem
Based on the background of the study above, the writer interested in
analyzing the problem as follows:
1. How is Daniel’s characterizationin Chris Mooney’s The Missing?
2. What factors influence Daniel Boyle to become psychopath in Chris
Mooney’s The Missing?
1.3. Objective of the Study
Based on the statement of previous problems above, this study has two
objectives as follows:
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2. To know the factors of Daniel Boyle becoming psychopath in Chris
Mooney’s The Missing
1.4. Scope and Limitation
This study focuses on the characterization of Daniel Boyle as the minor
character who analyzed in the novel titled “The Missing”. Then, the limitation of
this study is the motive or the reason of psychopath of Daniel Boyle why he
became psychopath.
1.5. Significance of the Study
The study of the psychopathy of Daniel Boyle in the Chris Mooney’s The Missing is hoped to be useful for the reader and the researcher. For the readers of
novel, they can take the result of this research as a new information. They will not
only understand the content, but also expand their knowledge about psychopathy.
Besides, the result of this study is hoped will help other researcher especially for
students of English Department who want to conduct the same research with other
literary work, or continue the same research from different point of view. The
writer also hopes that this study can be used to other people who love novel in
order to understand the novel deeply.
1.6. Method of Study
Methodology is science that learns about methods procedures, and
technique of research (Harsono 6). From the statement above, methodology has
important role to analyze a literary work. The writer uses a descriptive qualitative
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of words or picture rather than number (Bogdan and Biklen 2). Furthermore,
qualitative research is a research procedure wich produces decriptive data such as
written, or words from the object (5).
The main data is taken from novel itself. By reading this novel, the writer
knows what the story is talking about. All data that are found will be classified,
analyzed and interpretedin order to make the result of the study become accurate.
The data collection is library based. The writer collect the data based on the
library and e-book also. Therefore from library data, the writer has opportunities
to have good datafrom books, journal, and online resources. In presenting the
analysis, the writer follows steps:
a. Reading the novel of The Missing as the primary data for many times to
get more understanding about the content.
b. Find the data which depict Daniel Boyle’s characterization.
c. Find the data which depict the factors of Daniel Boyle become
psychopath.
d. Match the data on Daniel Boyle’s characterization and the factors of him
to be psychopath with the theory.
e. Conclude the the discussion to make the description clear.
1.6. Definition of Key Terms
The writer will explain the terms which often appeared in this study in
order to make the reader easier to read this study. Here are the key terms
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1.6.1. Psychopathy: a kind of antisocial personality disorder which is
persistently doing disobedience toward human right. They often disobey the rules
and norms and impulsive social convention and the psychopath often show their
charisma in their appearance and they also categorize having high intelligence
(Patrick 3).
1.6.2. Psychological problem: a syndrome characterized by clinically significant
disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion regulator, or behavior that
reflects a dysfunction in the psychological, biological, or developmental processes
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CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1. Theoretical Framework
Theory is very important in analyzing a literary work. In this second
chapter, consist of the theories will be used to analyze the novel, The Missing.
This thesis focus on the minor character, Daniel Boyle. This thesis uses
psychoanalysis theory by Sigmund Freud to analyze the novel. In addition, this
thesis will also use the theory of New Criticism that concern on the character and
characterization, which help to understand Daniel Boyle’s characterization in
analyzing the novel.
2.1.1. New Criticism Theory
From twentieth until late 1960s New Criticism came to be applied in
American literary criticism. It is only focus on the text itself, and how reader
interprets the text which can call as a close reading. In close reading, one
examines a piece of literature closely, seeking to understand its structure, looking
for patterns that shape the work and connect its parts to the whole, and searching
for uses of language that contribute to the effect (Gillespie 172).
New Criticism sometimes called Formalism. It involves the careful
analysis of a literary text’s craft. It ignoring any historical context, any
biographical information about an author, any philosophical issue, or even any of
a text’s political or moral messages, the formalist is simply interested in taking
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In interpreting the text, Formalists, or New Critics are looking the text
intensively. They look at individual words, puzzling out meanings and word
histories, and trying to discern pattern and relationship. They look at specific
literary devices. Such are paradox, irony, ambiguity, and tension. They also look
at figurative languages in the text. They are images, symbols, and metaphors.
Even they look the language structures of the text such are syntax, diction, rhyme,
and rhythm. The way all these formal elements work together are considered to
constitute a text’s meaning (173).
New criticism tend to believe that a best interpretation of each text can be
discovered or there is generally a single right way to interpret each text. But this
reading must reflect the text and be supported with evidence from the text and
only the text (173). So, New Criticism is encourage the reader to be more careful
and thoughtful because craft and content of literary work are not easily separable.
For example reading of novel, it must be careful and thoughtful to understand the
meaning and the content of the novel, such understanding intrinsic elements of the
novel. Correlating with that, this study takes one of intrinsic elements of novel
that are character and characterization.
2.1.1.1. Character
A character is one of important part in literary work. In a story (including
short stories and long stories (such as novel or play)), we always find a person,
animal, place or another object that acts. The object like that can be defined as a
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According to Edgar V. Robert, character in literary is an extended verbal
representation of a human being, the inner self that determines thought, speech,
and behavior (65). So, through dialogue, action, commentary, and suggests of the
details of character’s traits, will help the readers to analyze and make conclusion
about a character’s strength and qualities.
A character then is the representation of human being of real world with
inner self (143). It means that character in literary work is visible image of human
which has good or bad nature. As in human being life, character in viction also
has character trait, for example: character maybe aggressive of fear full, confident,
or self-doubting, adventurous or timed, careful, and so on. Therefore, a successful
author re-creates the actual life throughout that particular character itself which is
able to make the reader to see a presentation of real life (135).
In some studies, the character used as the object of the analysis. It gives
the evidence that a character is part that interesting to do analyzing. Nurgiyantoro
said that the characters of one story more interesting than discussing other
elements (164). The character is the actor of the story. The characters are the
people that appeared in a narrative or dramatic work, and they are interpreted by
the readers to certain moral qualities and also have the specific preference that is
expressed by the utterance and also that is carried out by the act (165). It can be
simply that a character is people who are included in the story and the character is
like the people in the real world that are character act, speak, think, also face some
problems, and etc. Besides that, the character can characterized as good, bad,
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In reading a novel, usually we find some characters that present inside. But
each of the character have the different role. There are two kinds of characters in a
fiction; major and minor. A major character is an important figure at the center of
story’s action or theme. The major character sometimes called a protagonist
whose conflict with an antagonist may spark the story’s conflict. Supporting the
major character are one or more secondary or minor characters whose function is
partly to illuminate the major characters. Minor characters are often static or
unchanging. They remain the same from the beginning of a work to the end.
Dynamic characters, on the other hand, exhibit some kind of change of attitude, of
purpose, of behavior as the story progresses (DiYanni 54). Furthermore, Robert
states that dynamic character can be called round character; round characters are
both individual and unpredictable, they are central to literature, for they are the
main point of conflict and interest (65). They are real human because they grow
and develop as they win or lose their struggles. Meanwhile, the flat character does
not grow no matter what happens. Flat characters are not individual, but rather
useful, and usually minor they end begin, because they are not dynamic, they are
static (66).
However the main character or the major character is an important figure
in a novel and usually appear a lot in a story, the minor character have important
part also in a story that make a story more interesting. So, this study focuses on
the minor character as the object of analysis, the minor character named Daniel
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2.1.1.2. Characterization
Characterization is a clear image about someone that appears in a story
(Nurgiantoro 165). Characterization is a representation of persons in narrative and
dramatic works. The term “characterization” have more meaning than a
“character”, the meaning of characterization is including who is the character,
how the nature, how the placement and the depictory in a story so clearly that can
give image to the reader. Characterization also suggest in a technic realization and
the development of character in a story (166). Characterization is part, element
that has relation with other elements to make totality in a story. It is the important
element in fiction and has big role in determine totality and value of art in fiction
(172).
In the book Mastering English Literature, Richard Gill explains about the
differences between character and characterization. “A character refers to a person
in literary work; while characterization refers to the way in in which a character is
created” (172). It means that the reader can look the personality of a person in the
novel through his actions and sayings or through the other people’s saying about
him.
According to Jack Salzman, there are two ways that author uses to present
the characters; dramatic and analytic method (81). Dramatic method is also called
indirect presentation. It means that the author present a character as he looks the
character from the other character’s opinion, his conversation with another
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direct presentation. In the analytic method, the author give clear image of a
person’s character through personal description. It means, in this method the
readers can understand a character from the character’s appearance, thought,
manner, attitude, his past life which can be seen from his thought, and also from
the author’s direct command toward the characters.
Characterization divided in two parts, complex or round character and
simple or flat character. Round character means that he or she has a complex
character and looks changing perodically. It can be said that the character
unpredictable (Nurgiyantoro 183). While the flat character means that he or she
has predictable character and not changing as the time being (181). It means that
the flat character can do anything action, but all of the action will come back to
the true characterization which has formulated. So, the characterization have
important role in defining the habit of the character and enable the reader to dwell
with the story. It also helps the reader to comprehend the character of the person
in the text.
So that, the characterization of the character is important point to analyze
in this study. The writer tries to reveal Daniel Boyle’s character to help
understand the motive of him to be psychopath.
2.1.2. Psychoanalysis Theory
Psychoanalysis is a theory about the complexity of human mind which has
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science which is related to conscious and unconscious process, drives, and
repression with the laws of mental functioning. Eagleton (131) writes,
“psychoanalysis covers systematic knowledge about experience which are
recorded in human’s mind, basic instinct or self-defense, psychological
development and the relation of id ego superego”. Freud as cited in Berger said
that psychoanalysis is a term that he used to describe a specific method of
investigating the mental processes (15).
In this study the writer uses psychoanalysis theory, which is a system of
psychology originated by physician Sigmund Freud in 1890s. The writer choose
this theory because this theory contains ideas which are related to the conscious
and unconscious of mind that influence the development of the character’s
defense mechanism. So, this study discuss about the psychopath’s reason which
portrayed by a character named Daniel Boyle in Chris Mooney’s The Missing.
In an effort to describe the conscious and the unconscious mind, Freud
divided the human psyche into three parts: the id, the ego, and the superego.
2.1.2.1. The Id
According to Freud as cited in Berger (86) is a basic instinct or it can be
called animal instinct of human which content of desires. In other word, id strives
immediate satisfaction, id is inhabited by selfish, sexual desires, destructive,
barbaric emotions that constantly threaten to break loose and self defense action
(Heller 90). Tyson (25) writes, “the id devoted solely to the gratification or
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without an eye to qonsequences”. From all definition above, means that id is all of
human desires that asocial, amoral, and destructive to get the gratification solely.
According to Guerin, Labor, Morgan, Reesman, and Willingham (130)
state that, “the function of id is to gratify human’s instinct for pleasure without
regard for social convention, legal ethic, or moral restrain”. While according to
Hall the function of id is to fulfill the primordial or initial principle of life which
Freud called pleasure principles (22). So, humans is born with all of id, all of the
primary proccess thingking wich are irrational, timeless, and sometimes immoral
instinct. Works for pleasure instinct, id has single purpose to identify plesures and
pains in order to gain the pleasure and avoid the pain. The entire proccess happen
in the id belong to unconscious mind, so that sometimes people can not control
when the id is appear or disappear. There is no justification of good or bad in this
stage because id does not have any experience toward external world. Id also does
not consider true or false, norms, tradition, and other people. In other words, id is
the part of human unconscious mind which consist of basic or animal instinct of
pleasure and the feeling of unthreatened and it needs immediate satisfaction.
2.1.2.2. The Ego
The ego is the part of personality that act as an intermediary between the
id and the external world. It operates in accordance with the social realities, social
norms, etiquette, rules, and customs (Hall 41). Freud called this as secondary
process thought. Its purpose is not to thwart the impulses of the id but to help the
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decides when and how the id instincts can best the satisfied. It determines
appropriate and socially acceptable times, places, and objects that will satisfy the
id impulses (Schultz 58).
The function of the ego is to involve in one’s decision-making and
problem solving processes that are rational and realistic. In other words, the ego
works based on realistic and logical principle. And it has to consider the superego
as moral standards to decide the next action in satisfying the id.
The ego does not prevent satisfaction. Rather, it tries to postpone, delay, or
redirect it in terms of the demans of reality. It perceives and manipulates the
environment in a practical and realistic manner and so is said to operate in
accordance with the reality principle (Schultz 58). Although it is for the most part
unconscious, the ego is the closest of the three parts of the psyche to what we
think of as consciousness, for it mediates between our inner selves and the outer
world (Ann 51). Also, the ego is never independent of the id. It is always
responsive to the id’s demands and derives its power and energy from the id
(Schultz 58).
The controlling and postponing function of ego must be exercised
constantly. If not, the id impulses might come to dominate and overthrow the
rational ego. Freud argued that we must protect ourselves from being controlled
by the id and proposed various unconscious mechanism with which to defend the
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Unlike the id, the ego spans the unconscious, preconscious, and
unconscious. Although the ego is also interested in pleasure, it suspends the
pleasure principle in favor of the reality principle and delays the discharge of
tension until a suitable object can be found (Ewen 19).
2.1.2.3. The Superego
The last part of human personality is the superego which resides in both
unconsciousness and consciousness. It is a person’s moral code that incorporates
social standards about what represents right or wrong. It also consist of ego-ideal
(what is good) and the conscience (what is bad and its conscequences) (Hall 46).
Superego can be said as sublimation of characteristics of parent which also consist
of the norms, rules, tradiotional values, and the habit family itself. Referring to
Berger, superego equals to what people says conscience (Berger 86).
The superego includes two components, the conscience punishes illicit
thought and action, and the ego ideal rewards desirable behavior (Ewen 25). The
word conscience implies punishment of wrong behavior against the norms
whether ego ideal is gift for a good behavior and part of superego that tells people
to be perfect. Following the principle of conscience and ego ideal, superego aims
to differ between right or wrong and to force people of both obeying the ego ideal
and fulfill the needs (Alwisol 20).
As the barometer of good or bad, superego can be barrier for ego to satisfy
the desire of id. Superego force the ego to repress inappropriate id to the
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2.2. Related Review
In review of literature, the writer does not finds more some related
research, but there is a reasearch that have same novel, that is “Darby’s
Motivation to Reveal the Traveler’s Crime Presented in Chris Mooney’s The
Missing” which had been researched by student of Islamic State University of Sunan Ampel, Asmaul Khusnah. Her research is focus on the motivation of the
main character, named Darby McCormick to reveals the Traveler’crime are and
how she reveals the Traveler’s crime. While the writer wants to analyze the minor
character who has a psychopathy and the factors of him to be a psychopath.
The other thesis which has the similar topic is under the title “An Analysis of
Esther’s Psychopath Problem in Orphan Film Viewed from Psychoanalysis
Theory by Sigmund Freud” which had been researched by Nurul Hikmah
Maulanie from State Islamic University of Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. Her thesis
is about the psychopathy of the main character and how the psychopath problem
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CHAPTER III
ANALYSIS
In this chapter, the writer divides the discussion into two parts. In the first
part, the writer will analyze Daniel Boyle’s characterization. In the second part,
the analysis will be about the factors that influence Daniel Boyle to become
psychopath, means the reasons of him become psychopath. The writer also
discusses the kinds of woman who become the victims of his psychopathy.
3.1. Daniel Boyle’s character
In this novel, there are some characters, but the writer only focuses on the
minor character, named Daniel Boyle. Boyle has some characterization, they are;
3.1.1. Pretend
The first Daniel Boyle’s characterization is like to pretend. When
Boyle is mixed with many people in his surroundings area and doing a
camouflage to get the attention of women who will be his victim, he
becomes a man who is very stylish and neat. It because he wants to seem
like a people as general. His stylish characterization can be seen by the
narrative and when Boyle speaks to Jennifer Montgomery, a girl whom he
T u r d h i y a n a | 21
Boyle could get her to cry. Beg, too. He could make her shed that
fake, WASPy exterior faster than a snake shed its skin. He picked
up the box of tissues next to him, stood and walked toward her. He
could smell her perfume. Some women couldn’t carry it well. She
did. Boyle held out the box. The woman turned around, looking
angry at being disturbed. Her expression softened a bit when she
saw his suit and tie, his nice shoes. He wore a wedding ring and a
Rolex watch. He looked professional and put together. He looked
trustworthy. ‘I didn’t mean to bother you,’ Boyle said. ‘I just
thought you could use this. I’ve already gone through a box
myself. (65)
From the quotation above, it shows that Boyle is like to pretend to
be stylish and neat man. He is also nice and sweet when he offers a box of
tissue to her, to get some information about her, when he wants a girl to be
his victim.
3.1.2. Impulsive and hard to control their self
The second Boyle’s characterization is impulsive and hard to
control their self. He likes to torture his victims impulsively. He also like
to imagines the process when he tortures his victims. He looks the image
and imagines a girl or woman who will be his victim with very desire. For
Boyle, imagining to torture his victims is something gratified and
T u r d h i y a n a | 22
Boyle pushed the thought aside. It would have to wait until he
returned home. He went back to imagining all the wonderful things
he could do with Jennifer Montgomery in his basement. (68)
The quotation shows that Daniel Boyle gets his victim, Jennifer
Montgomery, and will do something with her, that is torture her and makes
her cry. He is very like to imagining a torturing his victims. It because he
feels stimulated and he loves it.
Boyle stared up at the wall crammed full of pictures of the women
he had hunted over the years. Sometimes he sat here for hours,
staring up at the faces and recalling what he had done to each of
them. Pleasant thoughts to pass the time. (79)
Besides like to imagine a girl or woman who will be his victims,
Boyle likes to spend his time to look at the pictures of the woman whom
he had hunted during many years for many hours, and that is a gratified
and wonderful thing that he enjoyed to do.
3.1.3. People are to be manipulated for his needs.
The third Boyle’s characterization is manipulated other people for
his needs. He is smart to deceive the other people. Daniel Boyle is a
character who has a psychopath characterization. Most of psychopath have
smart thought, including Daniel Boyle. He is also smart in deceiving all of
T u r d h i y a n a | 23
that his plan, that is to abduct many women, can run well without
everyone know.
As he waited for the elevator, he thought about Jennifer
Montgomery. She was young. That was important. The younger
ones could go the distance. The women in their late forties to early
fifties didn’t last as long. He didn’t like bringing them home, but
he had to take women of all ages, colors and sizes so the police
wouldn’t make a connection. It was important to randomly select
his victims. Boyle had studied police work. There were many
books on such things, and there was the internet. Information was
everywhere. (67)
The quotation shows that Boyle is a smart psychopath who can
deceive everyone so that he can continue to abduct and torture many
women by choosing his victims randomly. He takes women from all ages,
colors, and size of the body, so that the police cannot find him and make a
connection.
Boyle also deceives the public when he makes the other people,
Slavick, did wrong and he makes Slavick become the scapegoat.
This was a mistake. He had carefully built a trail of evidence that
led back to Earl Slavick. The blood, the padded mailers and the
navy blue fibers, the pictures he had taken of Carol – everything
T u r d h i y a n a | 24
That quotation shows if Daniel Boyle deceives and traps the other
people to save himself from the suspect as traveler. It aims to save himself
with makes other people who ever doing a criminal actions become a
scapegoat. He collect the evidences and aims to Slavick, who ever doing a
criminal actions. He does it in order to the police supposed Slavick did this
abduction and embellishment of many women.
3.1.4. Unable to accept failures
The fourth Daniel Boyle’s characterization is unable to accept the
failures. Daniel Boyle is a man who have a critical thought. When his plan
do not run well, he can not accept that. He will think how his plan can not
run well and how he copes that. He also can think in detail in order to all
of his plan are run well.
Rachel must have told the police something. But what could she
have possibly said? She didn’t know anything about the Belham
woods or how many women he had buried there. Rachel didn’t
know his name or where he lived –she certainly didn’t know about
where he had buried his mother/sister. What could Rachel have
told them? Had she found something in his office? In the filing
cabinet? The questions kept turning over and over in his mind as he
packed the envelopes and laptop.
From the quotation above shows that Boyle thinks more about
Rachel, his victim who had run away and had been free from his prison in
T u r d h i y a n a | 25
While he packed his envelopes and his laptop, Daniel Boyle thinks away
and deems whether Rachel told the police to inform something or not. He
also thinks how Rachel can be free from his prison in downstairs ground
and run away whereas there is nothing women who is free before. It means
that he can not accept his failures when Rachel was free from his hand.
3.1.5. Do not have sense of regret and guilt.
Although sometimes psychopathic confession, but he is much
underestimated even denied due to his actions and did not have strong
desire to care for a moment. The fifth Daniel Boyle’s characterization is he
never regrets and never sad. He has a strong character. When he makes a
little miscalculation, he is never remorseful of that. He takes the other way
efficiently and he can thinks quickly.
Boyle zipped up the suitcase. He didn’t know regret or sadness.
The emotional concepts were as foreign to him as the terrain on the
moon. Still, he would miss this house, his childhood home, with its
big rooms and privacy, the magnificent view of the lake from the
master bedroom. What he would miss most was the basement.
(214-215).
The quotation shows that Boyle does not know about regret and
sadness. For him, the emotional concepts is the same as the surface of the
moon. The surface of the moon is not flat, while the concept of emotion is
T u r d h i y a n a | 26
Daniel Boyle, when he got in a rainy day because of his miscalculation, he
tries to take the next way, that is to leave his town and home.
3.1.6. Merciless
The sixth Daniel Boyle’s characterization is merciless. He
merciless to kill his family include his mother, grandparents, and of course
many women he killed. He kills his family who make him uncomfortable
and the women who make him interested.
He walked past the walk-in closets still holding his mother’s
clothes and knelt on the floor next to the window overlooking the
driveway. He peeled back the carpet, removed the loose floorboard
and grabbed the well-oiled Mossberg shotgun and shells. He had
used it only once, to kill his grandparents. (215)
Why should I tell you? After what you and Richard did to me when you came back home? I kept your secret for all those years, and
you repaid me by burying me alive out in the woods. (88)
In that quotation, it shows that he is merciless man, who kills his
family. He kills his grandparents, his mother and many women with
uncharitable. However they are his family, he decides to kill them in order
to gets their opulence. By killing his grandparents, he will be the only one
heir of Boyle’s family because Daniel is the only son.
3.1.7. Low stress tolerance
The seventh Boyle’s characterization is low stress tolerance.
T u r d h i y a n a | 27
come to his home, he intends to abscond. Boyle apprehensive and afraid if
he got caught by the police and get a punishment.
He could sneak through the back door and head into the woods. He
had the keys for the shed. The Gator was in there. Head out on one
of the trails to the main road, then find a car and hotwire it – no,
the Gator would be too noisy. He’d have to follow one of the trails
on foot. Boyle looked around the dark woods, wondering how
many SWAT offcers were hiding out there. (216)
The quotation above shows that Daniel Boyle have an afraid
feeling and apprehensive to get caught by the polices. He also disputes
with his mother who unfortunating his deed. While, actually his mother’s
voice is his conscience self.
It’s over, Danny. You can’t escape.
‘No.’
They’re going to lock you up on death row, in a place darker than
the cellar.
‘Shut up.’
They’ll probably extradite you to a place where they have the
death penalty. They’ll strap you down to a table and give you the
needle and the last voice you’ll ever hear before you
suffocate to death will be mine, Danny. You’re going to die alone,
T u r d h i y a n a | 28
He wouldn’t let them take him in. He wasn’t going to die alone in
some goddamn cage. He had to get to his car or the surveillance
van. He knew a spot where he could dump it, run and then hide out
for awhile until he could figure out a plan to disappear
again. (216)
From the conversation above, the dispute between Boyle and his
mother’s voice (which actually his conscience), shows that Daniel Boyle
had a low stress tolerance feeling when the police come to his home. He
looks angry when his mother’s voice seem as not support him. He also
afraid if the police caught him and he does not want to be killed like he
had done to many people.
3.1.8. Loner, moody and stolid
The eighth Boyle’s characterization is loner, moody and stolid.
Since he was young, Daniel Boyle is known by his neighbors as a loner
and individual person. He does not want to socialize with another. He
stays alone and moody. He is also stolid. But, in his all characterization, he
has a psychopathic character. In his tender age, he had shown his cruel
characterization, that is choking and killing a cat and also his young
neighbor.
Interviews with former neighbors, many of whom were still living
in the area, described Daniel as the classic loner – moody and
T u r d h i y a n a | 29
relationship between Daniel and his good-looking, charismatic
older cousin, Richard. (253)
The quotation shows that Daniel Boyle has a loner, moody and
stolid characterization. He also has a relationship with Richard, who is his
cousin. His cousin also has a psychopathy characterization which always
helps and works together with Boyle.
3.1.9. Have many trick
The ninth Boyle’s characterization is Have many trick, especially
in arranging strategies and methods. He is discipline and careful. He is
also an organized person.
‘He seems very organized, very careful and methodical. I think he
watches these women for a long time, gets to know their habits and
routines – I think he had a key to Carol’s house. He brings his
victims to a private place where nobody can see or hear them.’
(125)
The quotation shows that Daniel Boyle is very organized, very
careful and methodical person in arranging the strategies. He brings his
victims to a private place where nobody can see or hear them, then tortures
and kills them there. It means that he has many trick to trap many women
to be his victims.
3.2. The factors that influence Daniel Boyle to become a psychopath
There are some factors or some reasons that influence Daniel
T u r d h i y a n a | 30
3.2.1. The punishment he got from his mother
The second reason that influences Daniel Boyle to become a
psychopath is when he gets the punishment from his mother. In his young
age, he got a punishment cage in a dark and cold room by his mother
because he was suspected to kill his neighbor, Alicia. His mother,
Cassandra, penned him to a room which was dark and cold that never went
away and she never visit him also. Because of that, Daniel perpetrates his
victims with the same way with his mother, that is to pen them in a dark
and cold room.
During his two-week confinement, he used the same slop bucket
Alicia had used for her bathroom needs. He slept on the cold
concrete floor. His mother didn’t visit him. Shedidn’t bring him
food. Trapped alone in the cool dark that never went away, Boyle
never cried or called out for his mother. He used the time
constructively, thinking about what he would do next. (80)
The quotation shows that Daniel Boyle had a punishment from his mother,
that is penned in a dark and cold room. His mother never visited him to
that room and never gave him some food. But, that’s all does not make his
remorse and cry. It made Daniel get an idea. He did the same way to his
victims with what his mother did when she punished him, that is to take
his victims to dark and cold prison then he can hunt and then kill them
T u r d h i y a n a | 31
3.2.2. Invited and supported by his cousin
The third reason that influence Daniel Boyle to become a
psychopath is being invited and supported by his cousin. Richard is a
cousin of Daniel Boyle. He also have a psychopathy characterization. He
always supports and justifies Boyle’s alibi. Daniel and Richard are
working together.
Boyle thought about his cousin, Richard Fowler. Richard was
Marsha’s friend. He had been inside her house several times, had
stolen her money and lacy underwear – Richard was the one who
had put the sleeping pills in Marsha’s beer. When she passed out,
Richard called Boyle and said to come over. The two of them spent
a wonderful night playing with Marsha inside her bedroom. Her
parents were away for the weekend. After that weekend, Boyle
would often wake up in the middle of the night, remembering what
he had done to Marsha. (81)
Police thought it might be an inside job and went to question
Daniel Boyle. Boyle wasn’t home that weekend. He was in
Virginia visiting his cousin, who was now working in the FBI’s
newly formed Behavioral Science Unit. Evan Manning had
corroborated Boyle’s alibi. (254)
In these quotation shows that Daniel Boyle and Richard have a
T u r d h i y a n a | 32
helps Boyle to fulfill his psychopathy. He also corroborated and supported
Daniel Boyle’s alibi. So that, they are working together within gratified
their psychopathy.
3.2.3. Genetics
The third reasons that influence Daniel Boyle to become
psychopath is because of genetic factor. Boyle has a depraved father. His
father is his grandfather also. His grandfather make impregnated his
mother, Cassandra. His other family, Richard, his cousin also have a
psychopathy.
‘What I wanted, Mother, was for you to protect me. Daddy climbed
into my bed, he put his hands between my –’
‘And you keep forgetting that Daddy was the one who got me
pregnant,’ his mothersaid. ‘That… thing downstairs is your son,
not mine.’ (82)
The quotation shows that Cassandra is made pregnant by his father.
His father made her pregnant. So that, her father or can be called Daniel’s
grandfather have a depraved characteristic, that is impregnated his child
own. His other family is Richard, who also has a psychopath
characteristic. He also invites and works together with Boyle.
During the ten hours she had slept, reporters had uncovered the
connection between Daniel Boyle and Special Agent Evan
T u r d h i y a n a | 33
Janice Fowler, suffering from what would nowadays be called a
severe case of postpartum depression, hanged herself while in the
care of a state-run psychiatric facility. Hospital records indicated
she had been committed shortly after her husband, Trenton Fowler,
caught her trying to drown their only son in the bathtub. Janice told
her husband she had woken up from her afternoon nap and found
Richard standing next to her bed, holding a large kitchen knife.
Richard Fowler was five years old. (252)
According to the quotation above, seems that Daniel and Richard
are family. Richard has a psychopathy also. Richard’s mother, Janice
Fowler, is in the care of a state-run psychiatric facility also because she
tries to drown her son in the bathtub. Then, she gets depression and hangs
herself.
3.2.4. Change the fate of many persons
The first reason that influences Daniel Boyle to become a
psychopath is that he can change the fate of many persons. He is happy
and enjoys when he hunts the women, he catches then to be tortured and
then killed. From his act, he assumes that he can change and make the
destiny of the person especially the woman.
Boyle felt a tremendous sense of power – not the power to kill, no,
that was too easy. What he held in his hands was the power to alter
T u r d h i y a n a | 34
around him any way he wanted. Gripped in his hands was the
power of God. (79)
From the quotation above, it shows that Boyle has a belief to
himself that he can change and make the destiny of human in his hands
after his fancy. From his psychopathy, that kills many women, he can
change the death destiny of many women and change the world.
Considering to Freud’s concept about id, ego and superego,
everything that Daniel Boyle does to get a satisfaction within himself,
without caring another person. Revering to Guerin, id is the source of all
our aggression and desire. Id has function to gratify our instinct for
pleasure without regard for social convention (130). The Id of Daniel
Boyle’s psychopathy is when he imagines the women. When he sees at his
victim’s picture, he imagines what will he does with his victims in his
downstairs ground which have a dark, cold and hard room. He also happy
and enjoy when he imagining the process of his torture to his victims. So
that, he wants to hunt many women to be his victim and he can tortures
them in order to satisfy his desires. It means that he likes to see the other
people especially the women are suffer and get torturing.
Ego works based on reality principle when a person is able to
satisfy his need with the risk of being punishment by the society. In this
case, the Ego can be seen when Daniel Boyle decided to not kill Carol, but
T u r d h i y a n a | 35
for information from her. So that, Daniel decides to kill Rachel and do not
kill Carol. Not only kills Rachel, but also Daniel kills many women else.
He kills many women to get a satisfied of his desires. While The Superego
can be seen when Daniel Boyle discuss with his mother, who is his
conscience. She asks to him to do not kill Carol, who will be his new
victim. She asks to kill Rachel only, who is his victim since five years ago.
Because of Rachel had been free and run away from the jail downstairs
ground of Daniel Boyle. Daniel thinks if Rachel still life and aware from
her deep traumatic, Rachel will tells to public about Daniel. Daniel thinks
if Rachel’s existence will endanger for him. Because of that, he did not kill
Carol and that is the only Superego of Daniel Boyle.
3.3. Woman’s Characteristics of Daniel Boyle’s victims
Actually, there are no special type of woman who became victim
of Daniel Boyle. He wants to kill and hunt many women from a various
country, from young and old. He selects his victims randomly to get no
connection so that the police cannot find him.
He didn’t like bringing them home, but he had to take women of all
ages, colors and sizes so the police wouldn’t make a connection. It
was important to randomly select his victims. Boyle had studied
police work. There weremany books on such things, and there was
T u r d h i y a n a | 36
The quotation shows that there is no specific type of woman who
became Boyle’s victims because he selects them randomly. But, the writer
want to shows the variety of woman who became Boyle’s victims, they
are:
3.3.1. Woman who reminds him to his mother
The first characteristic is woman who reminds him to his mother.
Daniel hunts and kills a woman who reminds him to his mother and
penned them to a prison which is made by him. He remembers when his
mother pens him to a dark, cold and hard room. His mother who is also his
sister eventually had been killed by him.
I kept your secret for all those years, and you repaid me by burying me alive out in the woods. I told you then you’d never get rid of
me, and I was right. You kill all these women who remind you of
me and I’m still with you –I’ll always be with you, Daniel. Maybe
I’ll just let the police come and take you away. (88)
The quotation above is a conversation between Daniel and his
mother, who actually his conscience. It shows that Daniel kills all women
who reminds him to his mother. His mother keeps his life, does not kill
him, but he killed his mother. It is because his mother ever penned him to
a dark, cold and hard room. Then, he kills the woman who reminds him to
T u r d h i y a n a | 37
Daniel Boyle also kills the woman who has the same
characterization with his mother. Daniel’s mother is a resourceful woman.
It is because his mother has a forceful and struggling characterization and
he loves that because when he tortures her, his victim will buck.
Boyle still couldn’t figure out how Rachel had escaped. The two
pairs of handcuffs were good and tight, the ball gag still wedged
securely in her mouth, when he left to get Carol. And Rachel was
sick. She wasn’t going anywhere.When he came back, the van’s
back doors were open. The ball gag and handcuffs were lying on
the floor. Nobody had ever escaped before. Boyle tightened his
grip on the rosary beads. Once again, he had underestimated
Rachel, forgot what a resourceful cunt she could be – which was,
ironically, one of the things he absolutely loved about her. Rachel
reminded him so much of his mother. (63)
From the quotation above, it shows that one of Boyle’s victims,
named Rachel, have a resourceful characterization, and she struggles. It
can be seen when Rachel is success to run away and free herself from the
handcuffs and the ball gag.
3.3.2. A young woman
The second characteristics is woman who is still young. Young
T u r d h i y a n a | 38
energetic within them self. Daniel Boyle is more interested to girl because
they have a power to buck when they get a torturing.
The ICU doors opened and out stepped a stunning woman with
shoulder-length black hair and dark brown eyes. She was young,
with a perfect face and flawless skin. She was dressed in snug but
stylish jeans, hip black high-heel shoes and a midriff shirt that
showed a teasing hint of her soft, flat belly. Boyle guessed she was
somewhere in her early to mid-twenties. The young woman
stepped into the waiting room and picked up a box of tissues. The
box was empty. She threw it in the trash. All the grieving men in
the waiting room were watching her. The woman was aware she
was being admired. Instead of sitting down, she buttoned up her
coat, turned around and gave them her back. (64)
The quotation shows that Boyle is interested to that girl who have a
shoulder-length black hair and dark brown eyes. That young woman is
also beautiful and stylish. She also has the right weight.
Boyle thought about the empty cell in his basement and wondered
if this woman would be missed if she disappeared. He hadn’t
captured one so beautiful before. She had just the right amount of
weight on her. The heavier ones lasted longer in the basement. The
skinny ones never lasted, unless they were very young, like Carol.
T u r d h i y a n a | 39
As he waited for the elevator, he thought about Jennifer
Montgomery. She was young. That was important. The younger
ones could go the distance. The women in their late forties to early
fifties didn’t last as long. (67)
In that quotation shows that young woman who has a strong power
and energy who has a heavier of weight will last longer and not quickly to
died. The late forties to early fifties will not last as long the young woman.
3.3.3. Has beautiful appearance and fighter woman
The third characteristics is woman who has beautiful appearance.
Although he kills and hunts many women in random, for Daniel, woman
who has beautiful appearance and a fighter are making him interested.
The ICU doors opened and out stepped a stunning woman with
shoulder-length black hair and dark brown eyes. She was young,
with a perfect face and flawless skin. She was dressed in snug but
stylish jeans, hip black high-heel shoes and a midriff shirt that
showed a teasing hint of her soft, flat belly. Boyle guessed she was
somewhere in her early to mid-twenties. The young woman
stepped into the waiting room and picked up a box of tissues. The
box was empty. She threw it in the trash. All the grieving men in
the waiting room were watching her. (64)
From the quotation above, it shows that Daniel is interested to
T u r d h i y a n a | 40
sentence tells if that woman has perfect face and flawless skin with
shoulder-length black hair and dark brown eyes. She is stylish also. And
Daniel likes her. So that, he is interested to woman who has the interesting
appearance and beauty. Daniel is also interested to a fighter woman who
can defends herself.
Boyle thought about the crime scene investigator, the redhead. He
had never abducted someone from law enforcement before. That
one was definitely a fighter. Like Rachel. (67)
The quotation shows that Boyle likes and is interested to a fighter
woman who can help and defend herself. It is because a fighter woman can
help, save and defend herself and try to fight when he tortures her.
Although, Daniel enjoys every pains and sufferings of woman before he
kills them.
3.3.4. Women who witnesses Daniel Boyle killed the other woman
The fourth characteristics is woman who knows Daniel Boyle
killed the other woman. The woman who knows Daniel killed the other
woman will be hunted and killed by him. It is because he does not want his
plans and actions are knowing by another person and of course he will be
proved too guilty and then got punishment. He does not want it happened.
He punched in the letters and flipped through pictures of a
heavy-set blond woman named Samantha Kent. Boyle remembered how
T u r d h i y a n a | 41
had brought her out to the Belham woods to strangle her and was
interrupted by Darby McCormick and her two friends – Melanie
Cruz and the blond girl he later stabbed inside the foyer. What a
mess that was. He was trying to remember the blonde’s name when
the voice mail picked up. (77)
In the quotation above shows that Daniel Boyle will kills the woman who sees and
knows him killed the other woman. When Darby McCormick and her two other
friends seeing Daniel Boyle kills the woman named Samantha Kent. Daniel hunts
them and tries to kill them, but the only one safe is Darby, one other found died
and the other is lose, but no long time she found was died. So that, Daniel Boyle
wants to hunt and kill the women who witnesses him to do his action (torture the
T u r d h i y a n a | 42
CHAPTER IV
CONCLUSION
This chapter discusses the final conclusion that the writer makes after
analyzing the data. According to the result of the analysis which is discussed in
the previous chapter, conclusion can be derived. The writer can conclude that the
factors of Daniel Boyle to become psychopath are; the first is because of the
punishment he got from his mother, the second is invited and supported by his
cousin, the thrd is genetics factor, and the last is he convinced that he can change
the fate of many persons.
While the characterization of Daniel Boyle are; pretend man, impulsive,
hard to control himself, manipulated another people for his needs, unable to
accept failures, do not have sense of regret and guilt, merciless, low stress
tolerance, have many trick, loner, moody and stolid person. The writer also
conclude the woman’s characteristics who became Daniel Boyle’s victims.
Actually, Daniel Boyle take the women from all ages, colors and sizes in order to
the police cannot make a connection, and he can continued his action. But, there
are some women’s characteristics who make Daniel Boyle interested; the first is
woman who reminds him to his mother, woman who still young, women who has
beautiful appearance and fighter, women who witnesses Daniel Boyle killed the
other woman.
In analyzing this case, this study uses psychoanalysis theory by Sigmund
T u r d h i y a n a | 43
superego. The Id is when he wants to hunt many women to be his victim and he
can tortures them in order to satisfy his desires. It means that he likes to see the
other people especially the women are suffer and get torturing.
While the Ego is when Daniel decides to kill Rachel and do not kill Carol. Not
only kills Rachel, but also Daniel kills many women else. He kills many women
to get a satisfied of his desires. The Superego can be seen when Daniel Boyle
discuss with his mother, who is his conscience. She asks to him to do not kill
Carol, who will be his new victim. Because of that, he did not kill Carol and that
T u r d h i y a n a | 44
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