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a i D . a y n p u d i h n a k n a h a tr e p m e m k u t n u g n a lr e m e c e d i i k il i m e m u l a l e s a i D . r a t n i p g n a y g n a y g n a r o e s a g u j a i D . h a r a S i t a p m i s n a k t a p a d n e m k u t n u a y n l a k a n a k a n u g g n e m a g u j k il f n o k n a k p a k g n u g n e m a g u j s il u n e P . i n a r e
b -konfilk eksterna lda irt okohLtilte Bee , yang mendorongnya untuk membangun hubungan dengan Sarah .Konfilk te jrad i i k il i m e m a k e r e m a n e r a k i d a jr e t k il f n o K . k a y n i m n a h a s u r e p n a d e e B e lt ti L a r a t n a n a n i g n i e
k -keinginan yang berbeda .Dia ingin hidup dan itngga ld idesanya dengan a y n a g r a u l e k a m a s r e b i a m a
d , t etap iperusahanminyak i ngin memiilk idan menguasa i t a s u p n a g n e d k il f n o k i p a d a h a g n e m a g u j a i D . t u b e s r e t a s e d i d k a y n i m r e b m u s e k g n a l u p k u t n u k a l o n e m n a d s ir g g n I i d l a g g n it n i g n i a i D . i s a r g i m i n a n a h a n e p e s n a k g n a l u m e m s u r a h i s a r g i m i t a s u p i p a t e t , a y n a s e
d seorang yang itdak mempunya i
n a s a l a n a k li p m a n e m a g u j s il u n e P . a y n l a s a e k i m s e r n ij i t a r u
s -alasan dibailk moitvas i
n a g n e d n a g n u b u h n u g n a b m e m k u t n u a y n g n o r o d n e m t u b e s r e t k il f n o K . e e B e lt ti L u t a s h a l a d a h a r a S . h a r a
S -satunya orang yang dapa tmemenuh ikebutuhan-kebutuhan n a h u t u b e k i k r a ri h i r a d a g it i h u n e m e m k u t n u l i s a h r e b e e B e lt ti L . e e
B -kebutuhankarya
n a h u t u b e k : n i a l r a t a n a , w o l s a
1
I R E T P A H C
N O I T C U D O R T N I
y d u t S e h t f o d n u o r g k c a B . A
Ltieratureis no tonly an imaginaitve and creaitve p irnted work bu talso an e
c n e ir e p x e s ’ n a m u h n o d e s a b y ll a u s u s i t I . e fi l s ’ n a m u h f o e g a m
i s in the p ast and
. e r u t u f t u o b a s m a e r
d Thu ,st her eader sareablet oen ircht hei rknowledgeo fhuman’ s k
o o b a n I . e r u t a r e ti l g n i y d u t s y b d lr o
w An Introduciton to the Study o fLtierature , d
u
H sons tatedt hat
a h w , e fi l n i n e e s e v a h n e m t a h w f o d r o c e r l a ti v a s i e r u t a r e ti
L tthey have
ti f o d e c n e ir e p x
e ,wha tthey have though tand fetl abou tlfie through the .)
0 1 : 8 5 9 1 ( e g a u g n a l f o m u i d e m
e h t m o r
F quotaiton above,i tcanbe concludedthat l tieratureis t he pictureo fhuman e
h t s i ti e s u a c e b s g n i e
b representaiton fo human f eeilng t oward hisl fie .The author s o
w y r a r e ti l e t a e r
c rk sbased on wha tthey see ,wha tthey think and dream ,and also e
fi l n i l e e f y e h t t a h
w .Fu trhermore ,ther eader sunderstandwhatt he autho rsaidi nhi s .
e g a u g n a l n e tt ir w
it a e r c t s o m e h t s i l e v o
N ve and complex ltierary work because ti tell sabou t h
ti w e fi l n a m u
h detalidesc irpiton and show stheplo ttha ti seasy to be understood . t i s a r a f o s n i tr a f o k r o w a s i l e v o n A “ t a h t d e t a t s d r e o w r e d n o o h c S d n a r a a L e D n a V
o t n i s u s e c u d o rt n
i a ilving wo lrd we ilve i n…” (1963 :163 .)Novel i sa creaitve and e
v it a n i g a m
i ltieraryworkwhicharousesther eaders’feeilngandemoitont hrought he
y r o t
s abou ta ilvingwo lrdwheret hey ilvei n .Inanothe rword,i talsohelpst her eader o
t understandabou thumanwo lrdandt ofacemanykind so fhuman’ scharacte irsitcs . n
A o velcanbes tudiedi nmanyperspecitves .Psychologica lperspecitvei sone t
a h t s e v it c e p s r e p f
o see sand analyze sthe behavio ro fthe character in the nove.l s
t c e p s a e m o s e r a e r e h
T which in lfuence t he character’ sbehavior .Moitvaiton i sone t
c e p s
a tha tgive sbig in lfuence to the characte rin aciton.According to Holman and m
a il li
W inAHandbookt oLtierature ,t eh y arguedabou tpsychologica lnovel . n
o it c if e s o r
P tt ha place sunusua lemphasi soni nte iro rcharacteirzaitonand on e
h
t moitves ,cricumstances ,and i nterna lacitontha tsp irngf rom ,anddevelop , t
o n , l e v o n l a c i g o l o h c y s p e h T . n o it c a l a n r e t x
e content t o state wha thappens , l
p x e o t n o s e o
g aint hewhyoft hi saciton( 1986 :402) . d
r o w r e h t o n
I s ,psychologica lnovel i sa ifcitonworkt ha tdiscusse sabout t he aciton t
I .r e t c a r a h c f
o pay smoreattenitont ot hei nterna landexternalacitono fcharacte rand e
h t d n i h e b s n o s a e r r o n o it a v it o m e h t s e z y l a n
a aciton .
The secondnove lo fCh ir sCleave ,Ltilte Bee,i sanovel t ha twli lbe analyzed .
y d u t s s i h t n
i Thi snoveli sveryi nteresitngt obeanalyzedbecause tir evealst hemain e
l g g u rt s d n a n o it a v it o m s ’ r e t c a r a h
c in buliding relaitonship wtih Sarah .Ltilte Bee t
s t n a
w oge tahappyandpeacefull fie ,but l fieneve rseem s ilket hat .Theoi lwar tt ha r
e h n i s n e p p a
h villagehaschangedherl fieandgiven aab di mpac ttoherf uture .I talso o
g o t r e h s e v ir
d to England and to stay in immigraiton deteniton center fo rtwo s
r a e
y .In fact ,England i a s srtange and new wo lrd fo ra village gri l ilke Lti lte Bee. t,
s u h
T ofuflli lhe rneedsinEngland ,shemus tbulidar elaitonshipwtihSarahbecause e
h
3
l C s ir h
C eave’ snovel ,L tilte Bee, i san i nspi irng novel .He use s lfashback i n o
s l a d n a d e r o l o c e r o m e b l li w y r o t s e h t t a h t o s l e v o n s i
h present shi snovel ni two t
n e r e f fi
d views ,Lti lteBeeandSarah.
h ti w n e m o w o w t e h t f o s e v il e h t d n a , s e ir o t s o w t e h t s e v a e w r e t n i e v a e l C s ir h C
l li k s l a e
r and there i sa srtong narraitve running through the book which e
p m o
c l s the reade r to keep turning on the pages e
lt ti l/ s w e i v e r/ m o c . w e i v e r s r e ti r w n o it c if // : p tt h
( - eb - ye b -chirs-cleave .) s
ir h C t a h t d i a s e b n a c t i , n o it a t o u q e v o b a e h t m o r
F Cleave’sLtilteBeei sverydfiferen t m
o r f y l n o s u c o f h c i h w s l e v o n r e h t o m o r
f one poin to fview .He appile sthe two s
i h n i s e ir o t s n e m o
w noveli nordert oatrtac tandcompelt her eadert of ocu sonevery n
i e g a
p LtilteBee.
r e ti r w e h t , y d u t s s i h t n
I choose sthe moitvaiton o fLtilte Bee a sthe topic t u o b a e r o m d n a t s r e d n u o t r e ti r w e h t s p l e h n o it a v it o m n a m u h g n i z y l a n a e s u a c e b
n i d e t a t s i rt e P s A . n o it c a n i g n i e b n a m u
h Pettjiohn’ sbook itlted Psychology :A n
o it c u d o r t n I e s i c n o
C “moitvaitona lconcept sallow ust o account f ort heva irablitiyi n s
l a u d i v i d n i n e e w t e b d n a l a u d i v i d n i n a n i h t o b , r o i v a h e
b ” (1992 : 210). hT su ,
a e e s s t p e c n o c l a n o it a v it o
m nddiscus sabou tmanykind sofbehavior i nhumanbeing .
n o it a l u m r o F m e l b o r P . B
o
T understand thi snove lbette ,r the wrtie rpresentsthree problems t hat are s
w o ll o f s a d e t a l u m r o
f :
.
1 Howi sLtilteBeedesc irbedi nt henovel? .
2 W shati theconf ilctthatl eadst otheneedo fbulidingar elaitonshipw tihSarah?
.
3 Whati st hemoitvaitono fLtilteBeet obulidar ela itonshipwtihSarah?
.
CObjec itve sofs tudy
s i h
T studyaimst oanswert hose t hree problemsr especitvely .Those problem s a
e r
a boutt hecharacte ,rt heconfilct ,andt hemoitvaitono fmajo rcharacter . ,
t s ri
F the wrtie rsees the characte irsitcs of t hemajo rcharacteri n t he nove.l I t e
ti r w e h t s p l e
h rto understand the desc irpiton o fLtilte Bee a sthe majo rcharacter . s
c it s ir e t c a r a h c e h t g n i d n if r e tf
A ,t hewrtierl ooksf ort heconfilctt hatl eads LtilteBee o
t bulid a relaitonship wtih Sarah .Then, t he wrtie rsees t he moitvaiton of et h main h
c aracteri nbulidingar elaitonshipwtihSarah .
.
D De ifni itono fTerms
r e ti r w e h t , y d u t s s i h t n i y ti u g i b m a d n a g n i d n a t s r e d n u s i m d i o v a o t r e d r o n I
.s m r e t f o g n i n a e m e h t t u o b a s n o it a n a l p x e e m o s s e v i g
.
1 Character
k o o b a n
I An I ntroduciton t o Ficiton ,Robe tr Stanton stated abou ta meaning :r
e t c a r a h c f o
“ m r e t e h
T character” i scommonly used in two ways :i tdesignate sthe , s t s e r e t n i f o e r u t x i m e h t o t s r e f e r t i d n a y r o t s e h t n i r a e p p a o h w s l a u d i v i d n i
s e ri s e
d , emoitons , and mora l p irnciple s tha t make s up each o f these 7
1 : 5 6 9 1 ( s l a u d i v i d n
5
.
2 Characteris itc
InThe NewI nternaitona lWebster’ sComprehensiveDicitonary ofThe Engilsh e
g a u g n a
L ,characte irsitc i s“disitnguishing o rcont irbuitng to dis itnguish ;marking ; n
a , s ti a rt , r e t c a r a h c e h t g n i w o h s ; g n i z ir e t c a r a h
c ddisposiitono ;ft ypical” (1996 :223) .
.
3 Mo itva iton
y o n r e V h ti d u J d n a , y o n r e V k r a M , n a m f f u H n e r a
K in Psychology In Aciton t
a h t d e t a t
s “moitvaiton r efers t o factor swtihin an i ndividual( such a sneeds ,desries , l
a o g a d r a w o t r o i v a h e b t c e ri d d n a , n i a t n i a m , e t a v it c a t a h t ) s t s e r e t n i d n
a ” (2000 :
) 2 9
3 .Every person ha sdfiferen tdream ,wish ,and need from the other persons . h
T esepersonalf actor smoitvatet hepersont or eacht hegoal.
.
4 Conf ilct
k o o b a n i s b o c a J d n a s tr e b o R o t g n i d r o c c
A Ficiton :An Introduciton to g
n it i r W d n a g n i d a e
R ,confilct :i s
The opposiiton o ftwo people .They may ifght ,argue ,enils thelp agains t o s l a y a m s t c il f n o C . n o it i s o p p o r i e h t n o y r r a c e s i w r e h t o d n a , r e h t o h c a e
n e e w t e b s t c il f n o c n o it c if n i h g u o h tl a , e l p o e p f o s p u o r g r e g r a l n e e w t e b t s i x e
y a m t c il f n o C . g n it s e r e t n i e r o m e r o f e r e h t d n a e l b a if it n e d i e r o m e r a s l a u d i v i d n i
, s t c e j b o l a r u t a n s a h c u s , s e c r o f r e g r a l d n a l a u d i v i d n i n a n e e w t e b t s i x e o s l a
a h e b f o s e d o m , s a e d
i vior ,pubilcopinion ,andt he ilke( 1987 :87-8 8 .)
6 I I R E T P A H C
W E I V E R L A C I T E R O E H T
.
A Reviewo fRelatedStudies
s i h t n
I reviewofr elated studies,t hewrtie rpresents thec iritcism so fthenovel
m o r f n e k a t e r a h c i h w s e c r u o s t n a v e l e r e h t n e v e d n
a et h internet. Ascholar’ spreviou s
. w e i v e r s i h t n i d e il p p a o s l a s i h c r a e s e
r Ther esearchandc iritcism sareneededi norde r
.s i s y l a n a e h t tr o p p u s o t
t n e d u t s e t a u d a r g
A from Sanata Dharma Univers tiy ,Pawest irSukmajat,i use s
d n a H r e h t O e h
T ,anothe rnameo fLtilte Bee,as t he objec to fhe rresearch. eS h made
e h
t research yb usingmoral-phliosophica lapproach. Inherresearch ,sheanalyzed et h
e h t h g u o r h t s e g a s s e m l a r o
m majo r character tha t w as revealed from her
,s i s e h t e t a u d a r g r e d n
u Reveailng Mora lMessage sthrough the Characte ro fLtilte
s ’ e v a e l C s i r h C n i e e
B t heOthe rHand.I nherr esearch,s hes tatedt hat
r e v e t a h W . s t n a w e h s t a h w t e g o t p u s e v i g r e v e n o h w n a m o w g n u o y a s i e e B
s i h t n i s e o d e h
s nove li snothing bu tsurvival .She ha sexpe irenced bad l
a v i v r u s s i e fi l ,r e h r o f d n a , s e c n e ir e p x
e (2010 :3).
r e ti r w e h t , n o it a t o u q e v o b a e h t m o r
F canseet ha tLtilteBeeast hemaincharacteri sa
n a m o w h g u o
t .The purpose o fhe rsrtuggle si only to ge tsomething t ha tshe really
s t n a
w .She doe sno tgive up atlhough she had go tbad expe irences in he rlfie .
r e v o e r o
M ,Sukmajat’i sresearch explained tha tthe mora lmessage so fthe majo r
7
e lt ti
L Bee present stwo dfiferen tmain character sin the story ,a Nige iran
d n
a B iritsh, w ho mee tin a hor irble stiuaiton. In The Washington Pos tWebstie ,an
, e l c it r
a A Beach Vacaiton Goe sHorribly Awry, uC rt uo e a clea lrys aid t “hat Sarah ,
t a h t e fi l a s a h , e li h w n a e
m invtie senvy :a whip-smar thusband ,an adorable son ,a
r e e r a c s u o r o m a l g a d n a r i a f f a s u o r e tl u d a g n i y f s it a
s ” . In t he story ,Sarah i sdesc irbed
a o s l a d n a , n o s e n o , d n a b s u h t r a m s r e h h ti w e fi l y p p a h a s a h e h S . n a m o w t c e f r e p a s a
y d o b e m o s s e k a m t a h t b o j d o o
g envy .On the othe rhand , Ltilte Bee ha s “ the
a s y a p y li m a f r i e h t h c i h w r o f , s ti s o p e d l i o n a ir e g i N e l b a u l a v n o e v il o t e n u tr o f s i m
e c ir p y l d a e
d ” .However ,LtilteBee’sl fiei sf ul lofs orrow .Herf amliydiedbecauseo f
. r a w l i o e h
t Since Sarah and Ltilte Bee havedfiferen t background and lfie
c n e ir e p x
e es ,theyde ifntielyview sandf acest he ril fiedfiferenlty .
e h t s ll u p e h s a w e i v f o s t n i o p ' s r e t c a r a h c o w t e s e h t n e e w t e b s e t a n r e tl a e v a e l C
k r a d r i e h t f o s d a e r h
t - - bu to tfen funny - - story itght .Wha tunfold sbetween n w o d e d i s p u d e n r u t s d lr o w t h g ir o t e l g g u rt s y e h t s a s k e e w t r o h s w e f a n i m e h t
d n a g n i s ir p r u s h t o b s
i inevtiable ,thoroughly saitsfying i falso hea tr-rending (http://aritcle .swashingtonpos.tcom/2009- 20 -25/news/36901381_1_ch ir s
e v a e l
c - eb -e nige iran).
i a s e b n a c t i ,t n e m e t a t s e h t m o r
F dt ha tCh ir sCleavei sacreaitveandsmar twrtie .r In
, y r o t s e h
t LtilteBee , hepresentsanddesc irbestwowomen ,aB iritshandNige iran,t o
e t a e r
c a dfiferen tpoin to fview so tha tt he story si funny ,surp irsing ,and even
g n i h c u o
t ther eaders .
o s l a u a e tr u o
C analyzes andexploresabou tLtilteBee,t hemaincharacter .She
s a d e b ir c s e d s
p u s e v i g r e v e n e h s , s w o r r o s f o l l u f d n a d r a h o s s a w e fi l t s a p r e
h to srtuggle fo rhe r
e fi l .
a h ti w n a m o w g n u o y a s i e e B e lt ti
L pas tsodamagingt hat i tseemst o negate b
u t s e li s n e t r e h t u b , e r u t u f a f o y ti li b i s s o p e h
t bornnes skeep she rgoing ."Take ,
t e s t u o e h t t a s y a s e h s " , e m m o r f
ti "as ca rdoe snotf ormont hedying.” As ca r ,s
n a e
m I survived(h ttp://aritcle .swashingtonpos.tcom/2009- 20 -s
ir h c _ 1 _ 1 8 3 1 0 9 6 3 / s w e n / 5
2 -cleave- eb -ne ige iran .)
d n a h g u o t a s i e e B e lt ti L , s d r o w r e h t o n
I bravewoman .Atlhough ti is i mpossible t o
t e b a t e
g ter l fie ,Ltilte Bee’ sspi ir tand wli lpush her t o conitnue her l fie .Fo rLtilte
t u b , h t a e d n a e m t o n s e o d r a c s a , e e
B tis ymboilzest hats hes urvives .
a t o n s i e e B e lt ti
L rea lnameo fmaincharacte .rSheandhers ister ,Nkriukahas
m a n l a e r r i e h t d e g n a h
c e fo ra purpose. Again,Cou treau explain stha tit i sonly a
f o l o b m y
s Ltilte Bee’ ssurvival .The autho ro fLtilte Bee ,Ch ir sCleave,created theri
. d lr o w n o it a z il a b o l g e c n e u lf n i e h t e t a rt s u ll i o t e m a n
s r e u s r u p r i e h t m o r f n u r e h t n O : l a v i v r u s r o f m s i n a h c e m a s i e m a n y r e v r e H
t s e r e h t r e tf
a o fthei rvillage wa sdesrtoyed ,she and he rsiste rplucked new o
t ri a e h t m o r f s e m a
n replace t hei rrtue ones ,"which spoke sol oudlyof t hei r ir
t be and o f thei r region. " Ltilte Bee ha s taugh t hersel f Engilsh from . a ir e g i N n i ll it s e r a s t n i o p e c n e r e f e r r e h t u b , t n e m n i a t e d r e h g n ir u d s r e p a p s w e n
e l b i c r o f e h t s e t a rt s u ll i r e h r o f d e t a e r c s a h e v a e l C e c i o v e h
T dislocaiton s o f a
d e z il a b o l
g wo lrd(http://aritcle .swashingtonpos.tcom/2009- 20 -s
ir h c _ 1 _ 1 8 3 1 0 9 6 3 / s w e n / 5
2 -cleave- eb -ne ige iran .)
e c n i
S he rvillage is des rtoyed, Ltilte Bee and he rsister ,Nkriuka , rty to ifnd some
n e v E . l a v i v r u s r o f y l n o s i e s o p r u p e h T . e m a n l a e r ri e h t e g n a h c o t s e m a
n thoughLtilte
s a h e e
B a newname andlearned Engilshf rom newspaper ,herr eference i ssit llf rom
9
e v o b a e h
T c iritcisms tt ha discus sabout t heint irnsicelementof t hestoryhelp
l e v o n e h t g n i z y l a n a n i r e ti r w e h
t Ltilte Bee .The previou sresearch discovered the
f o s e g a s s e m l a r o
m main character ,LtilteBee ,whliei n t hi sstudyt hewrtie rdiscover s
e e B e lt ti L f o n o it a v it o m e h t n o s e s u c o f t a h t w e n g n i h t e m o
s inbulidinga r elaitonship
. h a r a S h ti
w Thewrtie ranalyze sand ifnd sou tsomepurpose swhyt hemaincharacte r
. h a r a S h ti w p i h s n o it a l e r a d li u b o t s t n a w
.
B Reviewo fRelatedTheorie s
o t r e d r o n i y d u t s s i h t n i d e s u e r a s e ir o e h t e m o
S suppor tthe analysis and
r e w s n
a those t hree problems .There aret he t heoryof characte rand characte irzaiton ,
n o it a v it o m f o y r o e h t d n a , t c il f n o c f o y r o e h
t .
r e t c a r a h C .
1 ,Characteris itcs,andCharacteriza iton
n i r e t c a r a h c n i a m f o n o it a v it o m e h t h ti w s l a e d y d u t s s i h t e c n i
S Lti lteBeet,he
s e ir o e h
t o fcharacter andcharacte irzaiton areneeded t o analyze t hi smajo rcharacte .r
a tr o p m i n a s a h t a h t y r o t s a n i s t n e m e l e f o e n o s i r e t c a r a h
C nt r ole i ncont irbuitng t he
y r o t s a f o w o
lf .InhisbookAGlossaryo fLtierary Terms,Abramss tatedt hat
a r a h
C cter sare t heperson spresentedi n adramaitco rnarraitve work ,whoare d n a , l a n o it i s o p s i d , l a r o m h ti w d e w o d n e g n i e b s a r e d a e r y b d e t e r p r e t n i
y a s y e h t t a h w n i d e s s e r p x e e r a t a h t s e it il a u q l a n o it o m
e – thedialogue– andby
o d y e h t t a h
w – theaciton(1993 :2 . 3)
v o b a e h t m o r
F e statemen,t i tcan be said t hat the autho rcreates t he character so fa
y r o t
s which can be i nterpreted dfiferenlty byevery reader. The reader sinterpre tthe
s r e t c a r a h
s ’ r e t c a r a h
c conversaiton wtih anothe rcharacte ,r and the aciton o fcharacte rin the
y r o t
s .Moreover ,each characte rha sown uniquenes ssince the autho rgive sthe
a r e t c a r a h
c dfiferentmoral ,temperament ,andemoiton.
n i y h p r u M o t g n i d r o c c
A UnderstandingUnseen,t hereareninewaysi nwhich
e h t r o f e v il a e m o c d n a e l b a d n a t s r e d n u s r e t c a r a h c s i h e k a m o t s t p m e tt a r o h t u a e h t
e
r aders .Howeve ,ri nt hiss tudy,thewrtie ronlyusess ixoft hem.
.
a Persona lDesc irpiton n a c r o h t u a e h
T desc irbe a person’ sappearance and clothe sby giving the e
c a f e h t ; s li a t e
d , skin ,eyes ,andtheclothingt ot her eader(1972 :161).
.
b Characte rass eenbyanother h
t u a e h
T o rcan also desc irbe a character through the eye sand opinion o f r
e h t o n
a . Thu ,st her eade rget sar e lfectedi mage 9(1 72 :162).
.
c Speech
s u e v i g n a c r o h t u a e h
T an i nsight i nto t he characte ro fone of t he persons i n .s
y a s n o s r e p e h t t a h w h g u o r h t k o o b e h
t Whenevera person speaks ,wheneve r i
s i e
h nconversaitonwtihanother ,wheneve rheputsf orwardanopinion ,hei s g
n i v i
g uss omecluet ohi scharacter(1972 :164).
.
d Pas tLfie
t , e fi l t s a p s ’ n o s r e p a g n il l e t y
B he autho rcan also give t he reade ra clue t o s
t n e v
e tha thavehelpedt os hapeaperson’ scharacter(1972: 61 ) . 6
.
e Reacitons
s r e d a e r e h t e v i g o s l a n a c r o h t u a e h
T a clue to a person’ scharacte rbyl etitng m
e h
t knowthepersonr eactst ova irouss tiuaiton sandevents(1972 :168).
.f Thoughts
r e t c a r a h c a t a h w f o e g d e l w o n k t c e ri d s r e d a e r e h t e v i g n a c r o h t u a e h
T i s
1 7 1 : 2 7 9 1 ( t u o b a g n i k n i h
t .)
e s e h
T xs i ways ea r appiled inorder to understand t he created characters .Byl ooking
r e t c a r a h c e h t f o e c n a r a e p p a e h t t
1 1
, e fi l t s a p s ’ r e t c a r a h
c character’ saciton and thoughts ,the reade rs s ee and get sthe
e g a m
i o fcharacte .r
2 .Confilct
s i t c il f n o
C alway sde ifned a ssomething oppos tie and conrtasitve. I texist s
e s u a c e
b the characte ro fa story ha sa clash . In An Introduciton t o Ficiton ,Stanton
t a h t d e t a t s
s e ri s e d o w t n e e w t e b s t c il f n o c l a n r e t n i s u o i v b o s n i a t n o c n o it c if f o k r o w y r e v E
a n e e w t e b r o s r e t c a r a h c n e e w t e b s t c il f n o c l a n r e t x e r o , r e t c a r a h c a n i h ti w
.) 6 1 : 5 6 9 1 ( t n e m n o ri v n e s i h d n a r e t c a r a h c
d e d u l c n o c e b n a c t i ,t n e m e t a t s e h t m o r
F that t he externa lconfilct i sa clash between
r a h c e n o r o r e t c a r a h c r e h t o n a d n a r e t c a r a h c e n
o acter andhi so rhe renvrionment .On
, d n a h r e h t o e h
t et h interna lconfilc toccursi naperson’sf eeilngo remoiton.
n
I Perrine’ sLtieratureStructure ,Sound ,& Sense ,ArpandJohnsonalso have
y e h T . n o t n a t S o t t n e m e t a t s r a li m i s e h
t saidt hat
s a l c a s i t c il f n o
C h o facitons ,ideas ,desries ,or will .sI ti sdivided into two ;
s e p y
t interna land external .The interna lconfilc ti sa confilc twtih some t I .) fl e s r e h r o f l e s m i h t s n i a g a n o s r e p f o t c il f n o c ( s e r u t a n n w o r i e h t n i s t n e m e l e
h s a l c a s i t c il f n o c l a n r e t x e e h T . l a r o m r o , l a n o it o m e , l a t n e m , l a c i s y h p e b y a m
t o e m o s t s n i a g
a he rperson o rgroup o fperson s(confilc to fperson agains t ,
) n o s r e
p some externa lforce-physica lnature ,society ,o r“fate” (confilc to f n
o ri v n e t s n i a g a n o s r e
p ment )(2009 :104 .)
c t a h t d e d u l c n o c e b n a c t i , n o it a t o u q e v o b a e h t m o r
F onfilc thappen sbecause every
. s n o s r e p r e h t o e h t m o r f w e i v f o t n i o p d n a , h s i w , a e d i t n e r e f fi d s a h n o s r e
p Confilc t
l a n r e t x e m o r f s e m o c t a h
, r e v e w o H . t n e m n o ri v n e d n a n o s r e p a o s l a d n
a confilc talso comesf romi nternal . tI i s
n o it o m e s a h c u s n o s r e p a n i h ti w h s a l c
a andmind .
.
3 Mo itva iton
e l p o e p e m o s r o
F ,moitvaitoncanbede ifneda ssomethingt hatf orce ssomeone
r o n i y lt c e ri d t c a o
t de rto reach he rpersona lgoals .Pert iin hi sbook enitlted
h c r a e s e R d n a y r o e h T : n o it a v it o
M statedt hat
r o n o g n it c a s e c r o f e h t e b ir c s e d e w n e h w e s u e w t p e c n o c e h t s i n o it a v it o M
o i v a h e b t c e ri d d n a e t a it i n i o t m s i n a g r o n a n i h ti
w r .Theconcep to fmoitvaiton
e r o M . r o i v a h e b f o y ti s n e t n i e h t n i s e c n e r e f fi d e h t n i a l p x e o t d e s u o s l a s i
. n o it a v it o m s l e v e l r e h g i h f o t l u s e r e h t e b o t d e r e d i s n o c e r a s r o i v a h e b e s n e t n i
e t a c i d n i o t n o it a v it o m f o t p e c n o c e h t e s u n e tf o e w y ll a n o it i d d
A thed rieciton
1 8 9 1 ( r o i v a h e b f
o :3-4 .)
m t a h t d e d u l c n o c e b n a c t i , t n e m e t a t s s ’i rt e P m o r
F oitvaiton i sreally related to
r o i v a h e b s ’ n a m u
h o raciton .Whensomeoneha sforcefu lbehavio ,ri tmeanst ha ther /
s i
h moitvaiton i sin high level .On the othe rhand ,when someone doe sno thave
d i a s e b n a c t i ,r o i v a h e b e s n e t n
i thats hehast hel owl eve lo fmoitvaiton .
n
I Psychology :Principle sandAppilcaitons ,Worche landShebliskestatedt he
n e e w t e b e c n e r e f fi
d moitveandmoitvaiton.
n o it i d n o c e h t e b ir c s e d o t e v it o m m r e t e h
T tha tenergize sand driect sthe f
o r o i v a h e
b organism ,bu tmoitvaiton explain swhy an organism acts in a n
i a tr e c a t a y a w n i a tr e
c it -me i tprovide sthe b irdge between learning and 3
7 3 : 9 8 9 1 ( e c n a m r o f r e
p -374 .)
,s d r o w r e h t o n
I moitvei st hef actorst hat vgi et heenergie sandpushtot heorganismto
n i t c a o t s e d i c e d m s i n a g r o e h t y h w n o s a e r a s i n o it a v it o m e h t ,r e v e w o H . y lt c e ri d t c a
3 1 s ’i rt e P n
I Moitvaiton :Theoryand Research ,Abraham Maslowdeveloped t he
n o it a v it o m f o y r o e h
t tha tdeal swtih t he human’ ssrtuggle t o reach his/he rpotenital .
e
H beileved t ha thuman moitvaiton can be analyzed by observing t he human rathe r
.l a m i n a e h t n a h
t Thus ,the term o fa hierarchy o fneed si sused to understand the
s i h d n i h e b s d e e n n a m u
h / her behavior .There are ifvetype so fhuman’ sneeds (1981 :
2 0
3 - 305) .
.
a Physiologica lo fNeeds
, t e m g n i e b y l e t a u q e d a t o n e r a t s ri h t r o r e g n u h s a h c u s s d e e n l a c i g o l o i s y h p f I n i d n u o r g k c a b e h t o t n i d e h s u p e r a y h c r a r e i h e h t n o m e h t e v o b a s d e e n e h t d n a n o it a u ti s y c n e g r e m e n a n i s i l a u d i v i d n i e h T . r o i v a h e b g n il l o rt n o c f o s m r e t e t a t s a n i e n o e m o s , e l p m a x e r o F . d e e n e h t y b d e t a n i m o d s i g n i e b e l o h w s ’ e n o lt n a t s n o c l li w n o it a v r a t s i m e
s yt hink ,dream ,andt alk about f ood .On t heothe r i h e h t f o d e e n t x e n e h t , t e m e r a s d e e n e s e h t f i , d n a
h erarchy emerge sa sa
. r o i v a h e b g n it c e ri d d n a g n il l o rt n o c n i e c r o f t n a n i m o d .
b SafetyNeeds
u o n i y ti r u c e s r o y t e f a s r o f d e e n a t n e s e r p e r s d e e n y t e f a s e h
T renvrionment .
n i d e r e g g ir t y li r a m ir p e r a s d e e n y t e f a s , s d e e n l a c i g o l o i s y h p e h t e k i L s i e fi l s ’ e n o n e h w t n a tr o p m i n u e m o c e b s d e e n r e h g i H . s n o it a u ti s y c n e g r e m e . e r u c e s n i a m e r o t s t p m e tt a r u o s t c e lf e r r o i v a h e b r u o d n a , d e r e g n a d n e .
c Loveo rBelongingnes sNeeds
n i t n a tr o p m i n u e m o c e b y e h t ,t e m y l e t a u q e d a n e e b e v a h s d e e n y t e f a s e h t n e h W e s e h T . e g r e m e s d e e n s s e n g n i g n o l e b r o e v o l e h t d n a , r o i v a h e b f o n o it c e ri d e h t o t d e e n a , s r e h t o h ti w s p i h s n o it a l e r e t a n o it c e f f a r o f r e g n u h a e v l o v n i s d e e n p u o r g a f o t r a p l e e
f ,o ra feeilng t ha tone “belong .s” The l ove need sare no t y c a m it n i l a u x e s h g u o h t ,) l a c i g o l o i s y h p e r a h c i h w ( s d e e n l a u x e s o t t n e l a v i u q e e h t h t o b e ri u q e r s d e e n e v o l e h T . g n o l e b o t d e e n s ’ e n o y f s it a s o t e v r e s n a c e v o l f o g n i v i g d n a g n i v i e c e
r -lovef romanothe randsomeonet ol ove.
.
d EsteemNeeds
d n u o r g k c a b e h t o t n i p il s o o t y e h t ,t e m y l e t a u q e d a n e e b e v a h s d e e n e v o l e h t fI e s e h T . t n a n i m o d e m o c e b s d e e n m e e t s e e h t d n a , r o i v a h e b g n i d i u g o t n o it a l e r n i
n o it a u l a v e s i h T . fl e s e n o f o n o it a u l a v e h g i h , e v it i s o p a r o f s d e e n e r
a can be
fl e s r o f d e e n a f o s e ir o g e t a c b u s o w t o t n i n w o d n e k o r
b -esteemand a need fo r
fl e s r o f d e e n e h T . s r e h t o m o r f m e e t s
e -esteem moitvate sfor t he i ndividual t o r
o f e v ir t
s achievement ,srtength ,con ifdence,i ndependence ,andf reedom .The fl
e s r o f d e e
n - eest em seems t o have a t ti score t he desrie t o fee lwo trhwhlie , , n o it a t u p e r r o f e ri s e d a s e v l o v n i s r e h t o m o r f m e e t s e f o d e e n d e t a l e r e h t e li h w
f o g n il e e f a d n a , s e it il i b a s ’ e n o f o r e h t o y b n o it a i c e r p p a , n o it i n g o c e r , s u t a t s
. e c n a tr o p m i
.
e S -efl Actuailzaiton
n e h
W one ha s saits ifed the fris tfou rlevel so f need ,the ifna lleve lo f fl
e s d e m r e t e h h c i h w , t n e m p o l e v e
d -actuailzaiton , can be reached . The fl
e s e h t f o r o i v a h e
b -actuailzed person i smoitvated by a new se to fneeds , B
( s d e e n g n i e b e h t d e m r e t w o l s a M h c i h
w -moitvaiton ,o rmetamoitvaiton) . B
e s e h
T -moitve sarevalue ssucha s rtuth ,honesty ,beauty ,andgoodness ,and fl
e s e h t f o e fi l e h t o t g n i n a e m e d i v o r p y e h
t -actuailzedi ndividua.l
s u m n o it a v it o m n a m u h t a h t s e z y l a n a d n a s e e s w o l s a
M tbel ooked a san i ndividual ,a
. e l o h
w Human ha ssevera lmo itve sbehindhi saciton.I ti sdfi ifcutlt o r educeo reven
. n o it a u ti s n i a tr e c n i s r o i v a h e b e m o s e t e l e
d Thu ,sthe hierarchy o fneed si sappiled t o
e e
s the human’ sneed stha tin lfuence his/he rbehavio rsuch a sphysiologica lneed ,s
safetyneed ,sl oveneeds ,esteemneeds ,ands -efl actuailzaiton.
k r o w e m a r F l a c it e r o e h T . C
e z y l a n a o
T eth three problems ,the wrtie rappile s some theo ire stha t are
, n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c d n a r e t c a r a h c f o y r o e h t e h t e r a s e ir o e h t e h T . y l s u o i v e r p d e s s u c s i d
h t e h
t eoryo fconfilct ,andt het heoryo fmoitvaiton.
, y lt s ri
F the theory o fcharacte rand characte irzaiton si used since the fris t
5 1
h
T su ,t he wrtie rneeds t hose t heo iresto understand andexplain t hecharacte irsitc so f
.r e t c a r a h c n i a m
y l d n o c e
S , the wrtie rappile sthe theory o fconfilct to analyze the externa l
. p i h s n o it a l e r a g n i d li u b f o d e e n e h t s e h s u p t a h t r e t c a r a h c n i a m f o t c il f n o
c tI i san
t c a x
e theoryt ohelpt hew irteri nanswe irn gthesecondproblemf ormulaitonaboutt he
r e t c a r a h c n i a
m ’ sconfilc.t
y l d ri h
T , t he wrtie ruse sthe t heory o fmoitvaiton ot ifnd t he answe rof t hrid
. p i h s n o it a l e r g n i d li u b n i r e t c a r a h c n i a m f o n o it a v it o m e h t t u o b a n o it a l u m r o f m e l b o r p
s ’ w o l s a
M theory i sappiled because i tgive sa ful ldesc irpiton o fhuman moitvaiton
,s d e e n e v if e h t s n o it n e m w o l s a M . s d e e n f o y h c r a r e i h e h t n i d e g n a r r a s i t a h t
fl e s d n a , s d e e n m e e t s e , s d e e n e v a l , s d e e n y t e f a s , s d e e n l a c i g o l o i s y h
p -actuailzaiton
, s d e e
n which are formed in hi shierarchy .Thi stheory also enables the wrtie rto
r e h n e e w t e b n o it a l e r e h t e e s o t d n a n o it c a r e h d n i h e b n o it a v it o m s ’ e e B e z y l a n a
p i h s n o it a l e r a g n i d li u b f o n o it a v it o m r e h d n a t c il f n o
c .
6 1
I I I R E T P A H C
Y G O L O D O H T E M
y d u t S e h t f o t c e j b O . A
s i h t f o t c e j b o e h
T study is a nove l itltedL tilte Bee .Thi snove lisw irtten by .
e v a e l C s ir h
C He wrote t his nove la tfe r ifnishing Incendiary ,hi ssecond novel.Ltilte e
e
B i spubilshedbySimon&Schuste rPaperbacksi nNewYork ,2010.Theautho rha s o
s l
a pubilshedTheOthe rHand ,anothe rnameo fLtilteBee,i nUntiedKingdomwtiha .
g n il l e s d o o
g The sale sof t he nove lwere i ncreased wtih 100,000 paperback copie s
. 9 0 0 2 l ir p A d n a h c r a M n o d l o s
e v a e l C s ir h
C rw eo t thi snoveli n11chapter sand266pages . tIi spresentedby
g n i s
u twodfiferen tperspecitvesanda lfashback.Twomajo rcharacter sareSarahand
.r e t p a h c y r e v e r o f n o it a r r a n e h t k a e p s o h w e e B e lt ti
L Fu trhermore ,the nove li n ts o
e c n i s l a n o it c if y ll u
f theexpe irenceofi llega lNige irani nt hej ai land t heoi lwa rare a
. y r o t s l a e
r T hhe tec nique which i sappiled by t he autho rmakes t he story easyt o eb
w o ll o f d n a d a e
r ed .Thes toryi salsoablet oatrtactthereader’ sattenitonandarouset he
o m e s ’ r e d a e
r itont hrought he rtagicandhumo roft hes tory.
e v a e l C s ir h
C ilve sin London wtih hi sFrench wfie and threeAnglo-French
. n e r d li h
c He i sa famou sand creaitve author .He create shis novel ,Ltilte Bee ,based n
o hi schlidhood expe irence .He had vistied a B iritsh concenrtaiton camp in Wes t
7 1
e e B e lt ti
L i sastoryoft wodfiferen twomenwhomeeti nahorirblestiuaiton.I t r
i e h t t a h t d l o t s
i background of l fie i svery dfiferen tfrom one t o anothe .r Sarah i sa
l u f s s e c c u
s B iritsh womana sa journailst and Ltilte Beei sa poor i llega lNigge .r The
h g u o r h t d n a l g n E n i s i e h s n e h w s d e e n r e h l li fl u f o t e l g g u rt s s ’ e e B e lt ti L s w o h s l e v o n
e e B e lt ti L w o h s l a e v e r o s l a l e v o n e h T . p l e h s ’ h a r a
S faces et h externa lconfilct t ha t
g d n a r e h o t s e m o
c oe soutf romt heconfilct .
y d u t S e h t f o h c a o r p p A . B
S . y d u t s s i h t n i r e ti r w e h t y b d e d e e n s i h c a o r p p a e t a ir p o r p p a n
A incet hewrtie r
a , n o it a v it o m s ’ r e t c a r a h c e h t h ti w s l a e
d psychologica lapproachi sanexac tapproach
n i m s ’ r e t c a r a h c e h t d n a t s r e d n u o t r e ti r w e h t s p l e h t I . y d u t s s i h t n
i d and behavio rwel l
t n e m e t a t s s ’ n a y R s
a t hat“psychologyi sassociatedwtihmorer ecen tdevelopmentsi n
e h
t science soft hemind” (2012 :44 .)
s d o o W d n a r e g r e b r h o R o t g n i d r o c c
A ,t hepsychologica lapproach emphasize s
e g d e l w o n k e h
t o fhuman tha tdiscusse sabou t“human moitvaiton ,human mind ,
t , n o it a n i g a m
i hought ,andbehavior” (1971 :13).I tmeanst ha tcharacter’ smoitvaiton ,
o h t o s l a d n a , r o i v a h e
b ught i s t he subjec to fpsychologica lapproach .Therefore, t hi s
h c a o r p p
a i s sutiable fo r thi s study because the wrtier focuse s on the human
n o it a v it o
m .In thi scase ,the wrtie ralso t ire sto see the character’ smoitvaiton and
l a c i g o l o h c y s p h g u o r h t r o i v a h e
b view .The t heory o fMaslow’ shierarchy o fneeds i s
y s p m o r f d e t p a d a o s l
a chologica l perspecitve . Fu trhermore, by using the
h c a o r p p a l a c i g o l o h c y s
p and alsoMaslow’ shierarchyo fneeds thewrtier t irest o ifnd
t u
o themoitvaitono fLtilteBeet obu lidar elaitonshipwtihSarahwhichi si n lfuenced
. t c il f n o c l a n r e t x e s ’ e e B y b
y d u t S e h t f o d o h t e M . C
The wrtie rused a ilbrary r esearch methodin analyzing t hi sstudy .The wrtie r
s a
h divided the source into two pa tr ,s p irmary and secondary sources .The mos t
s a w y d u t s s i h t n i e c r u o s t n a tr o p m
i Ch ir sCleave’ snove,lL tilteBee, andt hesecondary e
r e w s e c r u o
s takenf rominternet ,books ,c iritcisms ,andaritclesr elatedt ot hework .
t , y d u t s s i h t g n it c u d n o c n
I hewrtie rdividedt hes tepsi ntofour .Fris,tt hewrtie r
d a e
r the p irmary source ,Ltilte Bee ,fo rmany itme .sBy reading t he nove,l t he wrtier d
e l b a n
e t o understand the story wel l and to ifnd the main character o f the
y r o t
s .Second,t hewrtierpresentedt hethreeproblems tha twe rediscussedint hi sstudy.
r e ti r w e h t , d ri h
T used some reference stha twere taken from interne,t books ,and
s e l c it r
a .Those referencessuppo tred the wrtie rin analyzing the novel ,L tilte Bee . ,
h tr u o
F the wrtierf ound out t hereviewo frelated studiesand approp iratet heoryt ha t
y d u t s s i h t e z y l a n a o t r e ti r w e h t d e p l e
h .I twa simpo tran tto use the undergradua te
l e v o n e h t o t s t n e m m o c r o s m s i c it ir c e m o s d n a i t a j a m k u S m o r f s i s e h
t . The wrtie ralso
ir e w s n a n i s e ir o e h t e m o s d e il p p
a ng the three problems . To know Ltilte Bee’ s
d e s u r e ti r w e h t , s c it s ir e t c a r a h
c the theory o fcharacte rand characte irzaiton .The
h
t eoryo fconfilc twa susedt oanalyzetheconfilc to fmaincharacter .Then,t he t ohe ry
n o it a v it o m f
9 1
e u lf n
i nced by Bee’s externa lconfilct .The l ast,t he wrtie rdrewt he conclusion based
r e tf a y l n o e d a m s a w t I .s i s y l a n a e h t n
o thewrtie ransweredthet hreeproblem .s
0 2
V I R E T P A H C
S I S Y L A N A
e e r h t o t n i d e d i v i d s i r e t p a h c s i h t , n o it a l u m r o f m e l b o r p e h t n o d e s a
B pa trs .
s e z y l a n a t i ,t s ri
F the characte irzaitono fLtilteBee a sa majo rcharacter .Second ,ti i s t
u o b
a the confilc to fLti lteBee that l eads t o t he need o fbuliding a relaitonship wtih h
a r a
S .Finally ,tii sabout t hemoitvaitono fLtilteBee i nbulidingar elaitonship wtih h
a r a
S . In othe rword,i n t he l as tanalysi ,st he wrtier t ires t o show t he mo itvaiton o f a
g n i d li u b n i e e B e lt ti
L relaitonship wtih Sarah tha t revea lthrough the main d e s s u c s i d e r e w h c i h w s e ir o e h t e h t s e il p p a o s l a r e ti r w e h T . t c il f n o c s ’ r e t c a r a h c
.s i s y l a n a s i h t n i o w t r e t p a h c e h t n i y l s u o i v e r p
s c it s i r e t c a r a h C e h T .
A o fLti lteBee
o t n i d e z ir o g e t a c e b n a c s r e t c a r a h
C twot ypes ,amajo rand mino rcharacte .rI n s
i e e B e lt ti L , y r o t s e h
t catego irzeda samajo rcharacterbecauses heplays na impo tran t s
e m o c e b o s l a d n a e l o
r thef ocu soft hestory. Thu ,st oknow t hecharacte irsitc sof et h ,r
e t c a r a h c r o j a
m Ltilte Bee ,Murphy’ stheoryi sappiled in thi sanalysis. From hi s , r e h t o n a y b n e e s s a r e t c a r a h c , n o it p ir c s e d l a n o s r e p s e s u y l n o r e ti r w e h t , y r o e h t
e fi l t s a p , h c e e p
1 2
.
1 Determined
g n o rt s a s a h e e B e lt ti
L willt oge twhats hewants .Sheneve rg s ive upatlhough .r
e h r o f tl u c if fi d o o t s m e e s n o it a u ti s e h
t Accordingt oThenewI nternaitona lWebster’ s e
g a u g n a L h s il g n E e h T f o y r a n o it c i D e v i s n e h e r p m o
C ,“Determined means setlted ;
e t a n i m r e t e
d ” (1996 :349). In anothe rword ,Bee doe sno tstop moving and rtying t o .
g n i h t e m o s o
d Since the oi lwa rhappened i n he rvillage and k dille he rfam liy ,s he y
ll a i c e p s e , y rt d n a e v o m o t d r a h s e ir
t to survive .No matte rhow dfi ifcul ther l fie i s , g
u rt s o t s e u n it n o c l li t s e h
s gle.
i g n o l s ’ e e B e lt ti
L
