AN ANALYSIS OF METAPHORS IN A NOVEL BY LISA SCOTTOLINE RUNNING FROM THE LAW.

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ABSTRACT

N, Rodiny Maria M. 2012. An Analysis Of Metaphors In A Novel by Lisa Scottoline "Running from the Law". A thesis. Medan: Faculty of Languages and Acts ( FBS ), State University of Medan (UNIMED).

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AN ANALYSIS OF METAPHORS IN A NOVEL

BY LISA SCOTTOLINE “RUNNING FROM THE

LAW”

A THESIS

Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra

By:

RODINY MARIA M. N

Registration Number 062222810063

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

LANGUAGES AND ARTS FACULTY

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Praise to my Lord, Jesus Christ, for his blessing in finishing this thesis. The writer would never been able to finish her thesis without the guidance and the help of several individuals who in one way or another contributed and extended their valuable assistance in the preparation and completion this thesis. Therefore, in this occasion she would extend her sincere and special thanks to:

• Prof. Ibnu Hajar, M.Si., the Rector of State University of Medan

• Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum., the Dean of Languages and Arts

Faculty of State University of Medan.

• Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd., the Head of English Department, and

thesis advisor for her excellent guidance, caring, patience, and providing her with an excellent atmosphere for doing this research. and Dra. Rahmah, M.Hum., the Secretary of English Department .

• Dra. Meisuri, M.A., the Head of Non Educational English Program.

• Drs. Elia Massa Gintings, M.Hum., the Academic Counselor who has

given advice and support during her study.

• Dra. Masitowarni Siregar, M.Ed., Drs. Johan Sinulingga., Dra.

Meisuri, M.A. for their valuable suggestions as examiners’ at the

Seminar Proposal.

• All lectures throughout her academic years at the State University of

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• Her father and mother. They were always there cheering her up and

stood by me through the good and bad times.

• Mam Endah and Mam Indri, for her excellent caring and patience for

the help in administration of this thesis.

• Her friends in Applied Linguistics of State University of Medan for the

moments they share together and for the everlasting love especially class A&B “06”.

Medan, Agustus 2012 The Writer,

Rodiny Maria M.N

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LIST OF APPENDIXES

1. Chapter 1 ... 65

2. Chapter 3 ... 67

3. Chapter 5 ... 69

4. Chapter 7 ... 71

5. Chapter 9 ... 72

6. Chapter 11 ... 73

7. Chapter 13 ... 76

8. Chapter 15 ... 77

9. Chapter 17 ... 79

10. Chapter 19 ... 80

11.Chapter 21 ... 82

12. Chapter 23 ... 83

13.Chapter 25 ... 84

14.Chapter 27 ... 86

15. Chapter 29 ... 87

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LIST OF APPENDIXES

1. Chapter 1 ... 65

2. Chapter 3 ... 67

3. Chapter 5 ... 69

4. Chapter 7 ... 71

5. Chapter 9 ... 72

6. Chapter 11 ... 73

7. Chapter 13 ... 76

8. Chapter 15 ... 77

9. Chapter 17 ... 79

10. Chapter 19 ... 80

11.Chapter 21 ... 82

12. Chapter 23 ... 83

13.Chapter 25 ... 84

14.Chapter 27 ... 86

15. Chapter 29 ... 87

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. The Background of the Study

Metaphor is widely use not only in the literary works but also in everyday conversation. People find it difficult to understand the language and they have to construe the effective and communicative meaning of the language to make it work within their interaction. The fact that difficulty in understanding and recognizing metaphor in many different forms of literary works especially in this study, novel, form non-natives has encouraged to do the study in making better understanding of the topic to bear some clear understanding about metaphor and to see the application of metaphors has been the choice for many writers of literature in creating their works.

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Literary works use many more various kind of metaphor. This use can force the readers to wrongly understand the meaning of the idea conveyed in the works or the may not get the communicative meaning of the works, When they get wrong understanding and incommunicative meaning of the work, they will fail to get the feeling and the message to the works. This frequent use of metaphor or tendency to use metaphors in the novel also forced the study to see the line between metaphors and novel, to find what exact purposes in applying those languages very frequently in the novel besides conveying the sequence of experiences through relation of words in the text of the novel. This also, the conveying information to make a writing to be fascinated and sold as the goal of a writing and also to gain advantages in financial form, is seen as a fundamental aspects as how to make it interesting and more comprehensible.

The fact that literary works especially the novel “ Running from the Law” is a novel that applied many metaphors in doing some purposes of using metaphors in the novel has encouraged to see the characteristics of metaphors in each type of metaphors that applies and draw the most dominant and to make explanation about the implication of the most dominant. There must be something conveyed or added up the content through the metaphors except the information of experiences. It does no intend to make the novel were various in its language or to make it more difficult to understand.

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interpretation, and the second is construing the metaphorical meaning. If the first does not work to the text then is have to understand the second interpretation. The first interpretation is grasping the explicit meaning through the meanings of the constituents of the text, meanwhile the other one is deriving the intended meaning that always helped by the understanding the contexts of the text. This has been an attraction for the study of metaphors as the sufficient knowledge is not prepared. The present knowledge actually is not said to have been enough but the further study will fix the better understanding of the concept of the metaphor.

In addition, this study has been a fascination in regard that metaphors are also about human love or a complex moral problem or the origin of the physical universe that does command our direct attention when the speaker utters the metaphors. It is studied to seek whether metaphors entirely construe with human love and moral problem that are communicated mostly in the work of literary but not limited to everyday language. It means that metaphors help to understand abstract concepts by presenting or colligating them with more concrete words as people will be more understandable with real or concrete concepts to understand a certain kind of scientific images or equivalences.

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concrete or normal language. Then metaphor is a constant factor in all language use and not limited to the field only. Metaphors therefore, operate at all levels of language; from mundane to the literary, and everywhere in between.

Metaphors excite this study for the reason ‘exotic’ phenomena because of their admittedly remote but potentially significant implications for general explanatory principle. In conclusion, metaphors are so exotic that many researchers of many different fields did research metaphors to see how they affect the readers’ attention to read the works and according to Aristotle, it is a kind of ‘geniuses and it should be studied. Based on the explanations above, I am interested in doing this study.

B. The Problem of the Study

Concerning about the theories and data that used in this study, the problems that are formulated to be solved are the following:

1. What types of metaphors used in the novel “Running from the Law”? 2. Which type of metaphors is most dominantly used in the novel “Running from the Law”?

3. Why does the most dominant type of metaphors imply? C. The Scope of the Study

The study will only on metaphors generically and the eight types of metaphors.

D. The Objective of the Study

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1. Finding out the types of metaphors that are used in the novel.

2. Determining the type of metaphor that is most dominantly used in the novel.

3. The reason of implying the most dominant type of metaphors in the novel. E. The Significant of the Study

This study and the result of the study are expected to be meaningful for: 1. Students of the English Department who study metaphor to help them understand and comprehend it and enrich their knowledge about metaphor that they can use it correctly and beautifully.

2. Learners of English in order that they have capability of speaking as natives because metaphors are culture bound knowledge. Hence, understanding culture bound concepts or culture bound knowledge helps to understand language especially the knowledge of metaphor and to enable them speaking English communicatively as metaphor is the most challenging types of language to understand for non-native speakers.

3. Wider literature for the development the linguistic understanding as it can enable to make a good interaction and effective communicative among the community.

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CHAPTER V

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

A. CONCLUSIONS

Having analyzed the data thoroughly, some conclusions are drawn, namely: 1. There are 7 kinds of metaphors applied in the novel "Running from the Law" namely, Active metaphors 155 lines (27,2%), Inactive metaphor 100

lines (17,7%), Subjective metaphors 139 lines

(24,4 %), Mimetic metaphors 3 lines (0,52 %), Precision metaphors 33 lines

(5,8 %), Symbolism metaphors 40 lines (7%),

Approximate 97 lines (17 %).

2. the most dominantly used in the half content of the novel is active, because active metaphor has much more number than any other types of metaphors implied in the novel.

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B. SUGGESTION

Concerning the conclusions, the following suggestions are directed to: 1 . T h e teachers to encourage their students more about the application of the language in the real communication that frequently employ the role of metaphors to share ideas, thoughts, and meanings.

2. The lectures should give more work on the analysis of the language to enrich their students' mastery on the subject or expertise.

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63 REFERENCES

Allan, Kathryn L. 2008. Metaphor and Metonymy: A diachronic Approach. United Kingdom : Willey Blackwell's Publishing

Bailey, Richard. 2003. Conceptual Metaphor, Language, Literature and Pedagogy. Journal of Language and Learning, 1 ,2.

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Gibbs, Raymond. 1992. Categorization and Metaphor Understanding. Psychological Review, 99, 572-577.

Gibbs, Raymond. 1994. The Poetics of Mind: Figurative Thought, Language and Understanding. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

Goatly, Andrew. 1997. The Language of Metaphors. London: Routledge

Mc Glone, Matthew S. 2007. What Is The Explanatory Value Of A Conceptual Metaphor. Journal Language and Communication, 27, 109-126.

Murray Knowles and Rosamund, M. 2005. Introducing Metaphor. Reviewed Gregory H. Retallack: Routledge

Lakoff, George. 1994. The Contemporary Theory of Metaphor. In Ortony, Andrew (ed.) Metaphor and Thought. (2nd.ed.),Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

Lakoff,George. And Johnson M. 1980. Metaphors W e Live By Chicago: University of Chicago Press

Steen Gerard. 2006. Metaphor In Applied Linguistics : four cognitive approaches: Department of English Language and Culture Vrije Universiteit.

Scottoline, Lisa. 1998. Running from the Law. Lvndon: Harper Collins Publisher, Hammersmith.

Stern, Josef. 2000. Maimondies on Language and the Science of Language. In R. Cohen and H. Levine,(Eds.). Maimonides and the Sciences, Boston Studies in the

History and Philosophy of Science : Dordrecth, Kluwer

AN ANALYSIS OF METAPHORS IN A NOVEL BY LISA SCOTTOLINE RUNNING FROM THE LAW.

ABSTRACT

AN ANALYSIS OF METAPHORS IN A NOVEL

BY LISA SCOTTOLINE “RUNNING FROM THE

LAW”

A THESIS

RODINY MARIA M. N

Registration Number 062222810063

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

LANGUAGES AND ARTS FACULTY

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF APPENDIXES

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF APPENDIXES

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER V

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS