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A SUBTITLING ANALYSIS OF CONJUNCTION
IN PRINCE OF PERSIA: THE SANDS OF TIME MOVIE
PUBLICATION ARTICLE
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
by:
DEDY CAHYO WIBOWO A.320080045
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
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IN PRINCE OF PERSIA: THE SANDS OF TIME MOVIE
PUBLICATION ARTICLE
by:
DEDY CAHYO WIBOWO A. 320080045
Accepted and Approved by the Board of Examiners School of Teacher Training and Education
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A SUBTITLING ANALYSIS OF CONJUNCTION
IN PRINCE OF PERSIA: THE SANDS OF TIME MOVIE
Dedy Cahyo Wibowo (Student) their use in subtitling of Prince of Persia: The Sands of Time movie andto clarify the equivalence of conjunction in subtitling of Prince of Persia: The Sands of Time movie. This research is a descriptive qualitative research. The data of this research are sentences containing conjunction. The data source is subtitling of
Prince of Persia: The Sands of Time movie. The writer uses documentation technique in collecting the data. The data are analyzed by using comparing method.The results of the research show that first, the writer finds that there are two types of conjunction in subtitling of Prince of Persia: The Sands of Time
movie, namely coordinate conjunction and subordinate conjunction. From 189 data, there are 110 data or 58,2% of coordinate conjunction and 79 data or 41,8% of subordinate conjunction. The coordinate conjunction consists of 69 or 36,5% conjunctions that are used as cumulative, 5 or 2,64% conjunctions that are used as alternative, 28 or 14,81% conjunctions that are used as adversative, 8 or 4,23% conjunctions that are used as illative, and the subordinate conjunction consists of 13 or 6,87% conjunctions that are used as apposition, 5 or 2,64% conjunctions that are used as causation, 2 or 1,05% conjunctions that are used as purpose, 18 or 9,52% conjunctions that are used as condition, 9 or 4,76% conjunctions that are used as comparison, 9 or 4,76% conjunctions that are used as extent or manner, and 23 or 12,16% conjunctions that are used as time. The second, the writer finds that from 189 data, there are 183 data or 96,82% equivalent subtitling and 6 data or 3,18% non equivalent subtitling. Based on the data above, the translation of subtitling Prince of Persia: The Sands of Time movie is good.
Keywords: translation, subtiling, and conjunction.
1. Introduction
According to Baker (1992: 3) “translation is an art which requires aptitude,
practice and general knowledge – nothing more”. In reaching high standard of
translation, the talented translator should not have formal training in translation,
but the important thing that the translators have long experience in translating. It
language. The aim of translation is to transfer the message from source language
into the target one. The important concept in translation is equivalence. The
equivalence in movie can be conveyed by the translator in the form of subtitling.
Subtitling can help the audience for understanding the message of the movie.
To achieve a good communication by English language, we must know
about grammar. Studying grammar enable us to know how to use English
language properly.Grammar is one important thing in English communication, for
example the use of conjunctions in the sentence.
According to Swick (2005: 106) “conjunctions join words, phrases, and
sentences together”.Conjunction will help us to know the connection between the
sentences or the paragraphs and show how the meanings of sentences are related.
In this research, the writer wants to analyze the subtitling analysis of conjunction
in Prince of Persia: The Sands of Time movie.
There are two problem statements of this research. First, What are the
types of conjunction and their use in subtitling of Prince of Persia: The Sands of
Time movie? Second, How is the equivalence of conjunction in subtitling of
Prince of Persia: The Sands of Time movie? Then, based on the research
problems, the writer has two objectives of the study, they are: to describe the
types of conjunction and their use in subtitling of Prince of Persia: The Sands of
Time movie and to clarify the equivalence of conjunction in subtitling of Prince of
Persia: The Sands of Time movie.
There are two previous studies which related with this research in
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. The first previous study was conducted
by Nuryani (UMS, 2008) with her research entitled Analysis of Imperative
Sentences in Subtitling in “The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe” Film. She explains the forms of imperative sentences and to explain the appropriateness and inappropriateness of subtitling in The Chronicles
of Narnia: The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe film. The second research was
conducted by Wibawati (2008) with her research entitled Analysis of Interrogative
Sentence in Subtitling of Mean Girls Film. She explains the interrogative
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2. Research Method
In this research, the researcher uses qualitative research. The object of the
study is types of conjunction and their use in subtitling of Prince of Persia: The
Sands of Time movie. The data to be analyzed in this paper is types of conjunction
and their use in subtitling of Prince of Persia: The Sands of Time movie. The
researcher takes the data source from subtitling of Prince of Persia: The Sands of
Time movie.
The writer collects data by using documentation method. The techniques
of collecting data through three steps: the first step is reading the original and the
subtitling of Prince of Persia: The Sands of Time movie. The second step is
underlying the conjunction from the subtitling of Prince of Persia: The Sands of
Time movie. The third step is coding the data into papers, for example:
(001/PP/SN-455) which means;
001 = Number of data
PP = Prince of Persia: The Sands of Time movie.
SN-455 = Subtitling number 455
The technique of analyzing data is by comparing the method. The
procedures through three steps; the first is describing the types of conjunction and
their use in subtitling of Prince of Persia: The Sands of Time movie. The second
step is describing the equivalence of conjunction in subtitling of Prince of Persia:
The Sands of Time movie. And the third step is drawing conclusion and
suggestion based on the data found in the subtitling of Prince of Persia: The
Sands of Time movie.
3. Findings and Discussion
In this chapter, the writer elaborates the research finding and discussion.
The writer finding will elaborate the types of conjunction and their use in
subtitling of Prince of Persia: The Sands of Time movie and the equivalence of
conjunction in subtitling of Prince of Persia: The Sands of Time movie.
1. Types of conjunction and their use in subtitling of Prince of Persia: The Sands
a. Coordinate Conjunction
Coordinate conjunction is type of conjunction that is used to join the
units that are equal grammatically. The writer finds the data of coordinate
conjunction which used as cumulative, alternative, adversative and illative.
The examples of coordinate conjunction that the writer finds in
subtitling of Prince of Persia: The Sands of Time movie are as follows:
1) Coordinate conjunction which is used as cumulative
No: 030/PP/SN-159
SL : You and Garsiv can handle father in my absence. TL : Kau dan Garsiv bisa mengatasi ayah saat aku tak ada.
The data above, the word and as a coordinate conjunction is subtitled into dan in Indonesia. Both conjunctions are coordinate
conjunction because they connect two part which are in the same level.
Those conjunctions are called as cumulative or penambahan in Indonesia
because they add one unit to another. They are connecting structural units in
part of speech between noun You and noun Garvis. Then, the SL and TL conjunctions are single word conjunctions that consist of conjunctions and
and dan in Indonesia.
2) Coordinate conjunction which is used as alternative
No: 102/PP/SN-599
SL : Just make sure that the servants keep their mouths shut, or I promise you,
TL : Pastikan saja pelayan itu tutup mulut, atau aku janji padamu,
In this data, the word or is subtitled into atau in Indonesia can be categorized as alternative because those conjunctions express a choice
between two alternatives. The words or and atau in Indonesia are used as coordinate conjunction because they join two grammatically equal elements.
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3) Coordinate conjunction which is used as adversative
No: 076/PP/SN-405
SL : It's hard for me to admit, but you were right. TL : Ini sulit bagiku untuk mengakuinya, tapi kau benar.
The conjunctions but and tapi in Indonesia can be called as adversative which express contrast between two statements. Both
conjunctions are coordinate conjunction because they consist of the
sentences that contain two independent statements of equal rank. The
function of those are connecting structural units between independent clause
It's hard for me to admit and independent clause you were right. Based on the composition of conjunctions, the forms of both conjunctions can be
called as single word conjunctions that consist of conjunctions but and tapi
in Indonesia.
4) Coordinate conjunction which is used as illative
No: 017/PP/SN-089
SL : The Alamutians would be busy with the main gate, so we slip through the side.
TL : Penduduk Alamut akan sibuk dengan gerbang utama, jadi kita menyelinap lewat gerbang samping.
Based on the data above, the word so is subtitled into jadi in Indonesia. Both conjunctions occur in compound sentence that consist of
two independent clauses that have equal grammatically, so they can be
called as coordinate conjunction. They are used as illative because they
show an inference. Those conjunctions connect groups of related words
b. Subordinate Conjunction
Subordinate conjunction is type of conjunction that is used to join the
units that are unequal grammatically. The writer finds the data of subordinate
conjunction which used as apposition, causation, purpose, condition,
comparison, extent or manner, and time.
The examples of subordinate conjunction that the writer finds in
subtitling of Prince of Persia: The Sands of Time movie are as follows:
1) Subordinate conjunction which is used asapposition
No: 041/PP/SN-216
SL : It is my deepest wish that this win your approval.
TL : Ini harapan terdalamku bahwa kemenangan ini kau setujui.
The words that and bahwa in the data above are subordinate conjunction because they join a subordinate clause to the principal clause.
Then, those conjunctions are used as apposition because they show an
apposition to join two statements. The function of those conjunctions
connect units between independent clause It is my deepest wish and dependent clause that this win your approval. Then, the forms of SL and TL conjunctions are single word conjunctions that consist of conjunctions
that and bahwa in Indonesia.
2) Subordinate conjunction which is used ascausation
No: 130/PP/SN-677
SL : You enjoy telling me what to do. Only because you are so good at following orders.
TL : Kau senang menceritakanku apa yang kau lakukan, hanya karena kau baik saat melaksanakan perintah.
The conjunction only because as a subordinate conjunction is subtitled into hanya karena in Indonesia. Both conjunctions are subordinate
conjunction because they connect the subpart to the main sentence. Those
conjunctions are called as causation because they illustrate the causation and
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Both conjunctions are categorized as compound conjunctions because they
consist of two word conjunctions only because or hanya karena in Indonesia.
3) Subordinate conjunction which is used aspurpose
No: 140/PP/SN-736
SL : Give me back the Dagger, so that I can take it there.
TL : Berikan kepadaku belatinya itu agar aku bisa membawanya kesana. In the data above, the conjunction so that is subtitled into agar in Indonesia. The words so that in SL and agar in TL are used as purpose that express purpose, reason and intent of the statements. They are subordinate
conjunction because they introduce a clause that depends on a main or
independent clause. Those conjunction connect units between main clause
and sub clause. The SL conjunction so that is compound conjunction that consists of two word conjunctions. And TL conjunction agar is single word
conjunction that consists of single word conjunction.
4) Subordinate conjunction which is used ascondition
No: 171/PP/SN-951
SL : If the glass shatters, the world dies with it.
TL : Jika Jam Pasir hancur, dunia akan mati dengan itu.
In the sentences above, we can see that the word if is subtitled into
jika in Indonesia. They can be called subordinate conjuncton because they
connect a subordinate or dependent clause to a principal or independent
clause. They are used as condition that show intent of one statement to
another. The function of those conjunctions connect units between main
clause the world dies with it and sub clause if the glass shatters. Then, the SL and TL conjunctions are single word conjunctions that consist of
5) Subordinate conjunction which is used ascomparison
No: 167/PP/SN-914
SL : so desperate to prove you are more than something that king scraped of the street.
TL : Begitu sulit membuktikan kalau kau lebih dari seorang anak yang dipungut Raja dari jalanan.
In the sentences above, the conjuncton more than is subtitled into
lebih dari in Indonesia. They can be called subordinate conjuncton because
they connect a subordinate clause to the principal clause. They are used as
comparison that compare of two statements. The function of those
conjunctions connect between independent clause and dependent clause.
Based on the composition of conjunctions, the forms of both conjunctions
are compound conjunctions that consist of two word conjunctions more than and lebih dari in Indonesia.
6) Subordinate conjunction which is used asextent or manner
No: 085/PP/SN-437
SL : I spread it like a venerable disease in a Turkish harem.
TL : Aku menyebarkannya seperti wabah yang disegani seperti pada harem Turki.
The words like and seperti in the data above are subordinate conjunction because they connect the subpart to the main sentence. The
conjunctions like and seperti in Indonesia are used as extent or manner and they connect structural units between main clause I spread it and sub clause
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7) Subordinate conjunction which is used astime
No: 042/PP/SN-219
SL : You should've seen it before your horde of camel-ridding illiterates descended upon it.
TL : Kau seharusnya melihat kota itu sebelum segerombolan dari penunggang untamu membabi buta turun dan naik keatasnya.
The words before and sebelum in the data above are subordinate conjunction because they join a subordinate clause to the principal clause.
The word before is subtitled into sebelum in Indonesia are used as subordinate conjunction of time. The classification of above sentences are
complex sentence because they consist of independent clause you should've seen it and dependent clause before your horde of camel-ridding illiterates descended upon it. The forms of conjunctions are single word conjunctions that consist of conjunctions before and sebelum in Indonesia. 2. Equivalent and Non Equivalent Found in Subtitling of Prince of Persia: The
Sands of Time movie.
The equivalent occurs if the message of the target language is
appropriate with the source language and non equivalent occurs if the message
of the target language is not appropriate with the source language or there is a
change of source language message.
The translation in subtitling above is considered as equivalent
subtitling. The source language conjunction before and target language conjunction sebelum belong to equivalent subtitling because this subtitling
has naturalness of meaning to get the readers understand the message easily
and the target language is translated correctly. So, this subtitling is classified
b. Non Equivalent Subtitling
No: 175/PP/SN-993
SL : Get him down from there, before he makes even bigger fool of himself!
TL : Turunkan dia dari sana kalau dia membuat kebodohan lebih besar!
Based on the data above, the source language conjunction before is transfered into target language conjunction kalau. The data above belongs to
non equivalent subtitling because there is a change of original message from
source language that is transfered into target language. So, the transfer of
message is not appropriate with the source language.
From the research finding, the researcher finds 189 data of English
conjunction that are subtitled into Indonesia conjunction. From the data
analysis, the writer finds there are 110 data or 58,2% of coordinate
conjunction and 79 data or 41,8% of subordinate conjunction. The
coordinate conjunction consists of 69 conjunctions that are used as
cumulative, 5 conjunctions that are used as alternative, 28 conjunctions that
are used as adversative, 8 conjunctions that are used as illative, and the
subordinate conjunction consists of 13 conjunctions that are used as
apposition, 5 conjunctions that are used as causation, 2 conjunctions that are
used as purpose, 18 conjunctions that are used as condition, 9 conjunctions
that are used as comparison, 9 conjunctions that are used as extent or
manner, and 23 conjunctions that are used as time. And, the equivalence is
divided into equivalent subtitle and non equivalent subtitle. The data are
dominated by equivalent subtitle. From 189 data, there are 183 data or
96,82% equivalent subtitle and 6 data or 3,18% non equivalent subtitle.
5. Conclusion and Suggestion
Based on the analysis in the previous chapter, the writer draws the
following conclusions.
1. There are two types of conjunction in subtitling of Prince of Persia: The
Sands of Time movie, namely coordinate conjunction and subordinate
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conjunction and 79 data or 41,8% of subordinate conjunction. The
coordinate conjunction consists of 69 or 36,5% conjunctions that are used as
cumulative, 5 or 2,64% conjunctions that are used as alternative, 28 or
14,81% conjunctions that are used as adversative, 8 or 4,23% conjunctions
that are used as illative, and the subordinate conjunction consists of 13 or
6,87% conjunctions that are used as apposition, 5 or 2,64% conjunctions
that are used as causation, 2 or 1,05% conjunctions that are used as purpose,
18 or 9,52% conjunctions that are used as condition, 9 or 4,76%
conjunctions that are used as comparison, 9 or 4,76% conjunctions that are
used as extent or manner, and 23 or 12,16% conjunctions that are used as
time.
2. The equivalence of conjunction is divided into two, they are equivalent
subtitling and non equivalent subtitling. From 189 data, there are 183 data
or 96,82% equivalent subtitling and 6 data or 3,18% non equivalent
subtitling. Based on the data above, the subtitling of conjunction in Prince
of Persia: The Sands of Time movie can be categorized as good subtitling.
After the researcher draws a conclusion, the researcher gives the
following suggestion:
a. The teachers
This research can add information for the teacher in order to give
benefit in transfer knowledge toward the student in the field of subtitling.
b. The subtitlers
This research gives benefit to the subtitlers of movie in order to
improve their abilities.
c. Other researchers
This research can be used to stimulate for other researcher in
REFERENCES
Baker, Mona. 1992. In Other Words: A Coursebook on Translation. London and New York: Routledge.
Nuryani, Ida. 2008. Analysis of Imperative Sentences in Subtitling in “The
Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe” Film.
Unpublished Research Paper. Surakarta: Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
Swick, Ed. 2005. English Grammar for ESL Learners. USA: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
