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D E T F I R D G N I E B N O S T C A P M I L A C I G O L O H C Y S P E H T

R E T C A R A H C N I A M E H T , I P N I N E E S S A N A E C O C I F I C A P N O

S L E T R A M N N A Y F

O LIFEOFPI

ASARJANAPENDIDIKANTHESIS

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v . . … … … … … … … … … … Y T I L A N I G I R O S ’ K R O W F O T N E M E T A T S

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C 1

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A Backgroundoft heStudy………... 1

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B Objecitve soft heStudy………. 5

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C ProblemFormulaiton……… 5

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D Benefti soft heStudy……… 5

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E Deifniitono fTerm s……….. 6

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ii x W E I V E R L A C I T E R O E H T . I I R E T P A H

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1 Theoryo fCharacte r………. . 10

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2 Theoryo fCharacte irzaiton……….. . 13

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3 Theoryo fConfilc t………... . 16

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4 Reference sonSp ritiua lExpeirence s……… 24

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B C iritca lApproach. ..……… 26

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C Theoreitca lFramework………. . 28

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D Contex toft heNove l………. . 28

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1 TheContex toft heNoveils t……… . 29

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2 TheContex toft heNove l……… . 31

Y G O L O D O H T E M . I I I R E T P A H

C 2 3

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A Objec toft heStudy……… 32

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B Approachoft heStudy……….. . 34

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C Methodoft heStudy………. . 34

S I S Y L A N A . V I R E T P A H

C 63

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A TheMainCharacte rPorrtayed inLfieo fP i…………... 36 .

1 P’i sEalryLfie……… . 36

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2 P’i sAdventure………. 42

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ii i x .

2 P’i sReilgiou sExpeirence……….. 53

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A Conclusion s……….. . 57

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C Recommendaiton s……….…………... 60

S E C N E R E F E

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s i h n i n a m d e t a e r c d o G o S “ , e l b i B y l o H n i d e t a t s s a n a m u h s e t a e r c d o G

d e t a e r c e h e l a m e f d n a e l a m ; m i h d e t a e r c e h d o G f o e g a m i e h t n i , e g a m i n w o

b s e r u t a e r c s ’ d o G f o e n o s i n a m u H . ) 7 2 : 1 s i s e n e G ( ” m e h

t lessed wtih knowledge e

t a e r c d n a k n i h t o

t .Humani salso ablet osharet herit houghts, f eeilngs ,andacts . e

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r w t s u

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(16)

. s l e v o n e h t n i d n if n a c s r e d a e

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if whether

n o it c if a s i l e v o n e h

t o ra non ifciton .Those t hing scould en irch t he knowledge e

c n e ir e p x e e fi l e h t d n

a s oft her eaders .Ther eader salso can l earn moreaboutt he .l

e v o n e h t f o y r o t s e h t d n a s r e t c a r a h c e h t h g u o r h t e fi l f o e u l a v

d lr o w e h t n i n a m u h h c a

E i sdfiferentf romeachothers ,bothphysicallyand e

m ntally .Thati swhysomeitme shumanha sdfiferentt hought sandopinion swtih t c il f n o c a o t n i n a m u h d a e l d l u o c s n o i n i p o d n a s t h g u o h t t n e r e f fi d e s o h T . s r e h t o e h t

d n if o s l a n a c s r e d a e r e h t ,l e v o n e h t n I . s r e h t o n e e w t e

b confilcts .Confilct smake e

r o m l e v o n e h

t interesitng t o read .Confilct salso could maket he reader s ilke o r d n a r e l d A y b d e t o u q s a , t o m li W d n a r e k c o H . l e v o n e h t f o s r e t c a r a h c e m o s e k il s i d

o w t t s a e l t a n e e w t e b e l g g u rt s d e s s e r p x e n a s i t c il f n o c “ t a h t e t a t s e n w o T

e v i e c r e p o h w s e it r a p t n e d n e p e d r e t n

i incompaitble goals , scare resource sand .)

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e e w t e

b the main character wtih othe rcharacters ,bu talso t heconfilcts between themaincharacte rwtihhimsefl ,a sseeni nLfieo fPi . tIi sw irttenbyYannMatre l

. 2 0 0 2 e z ir P r e k o o B n a M e h T f o r e n n i w e h t s a w d n

a

l e tr a M n n a

Y wa sbornonJune25 ,1963 i n Salamanca ,Spain .Hi sparent s h

c n e r F e r e

w -Canadian .Hewasr aisedi n CostaRica ,France ,Mexico andCanada .

a i d n I d n a y e k r u T , n a r I n i e m it t n e p s s a h e h t l u d a n a s a t e

y According to hi s

, y a s s e l a n o s r e

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o b r e t e P n i y ti s r e v i n

U rough , Onta iro , he spen t 13 month s in India visiitng s t x e t s u o i g il e r g n i d a e r s r a e y o w t t n e p s d n a , s o o z d n a s e l p m e t ,s e h c r u h c , s e u q s o m

.s e ir o t s y a w a t s a c d n

a Lfieo fPi(2001)i shist hridworkatfe rTheFact sbehindt he e

i r o t S r e h t O d n a s o it a m a c c o R i k n i s l e

H s(1993 )andSefl ,Fabe randFaber(1996) , followed by hi stwo novels ,We Ate t heChlidren Last (2004 )and Beat irce and

l i g r i

V (2010 .)

e fi

L o fP itell sabou tthe adventure o fa 61 -y -ear old Indian boy named l

e t a P r o ti l o M e n i c s i

P o rknown a sPi, who become sthe sole survivo ro f rtagic 7 2 2 r o f n a e c O c if i c a P n o t a o b e fi l a n o g n it a o lf s n i a m e r e H . p i h s o g r a c a f o g n i k n i s

s y a

d and are accompanied by a hyena ,a zebra wtih a broken leg ,a female 0

5 4 a d n a , n a t u g n a r

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i h g n ir u

D adventureon t heseasrtuggilng fo rsurvival ,P iface sconfilcts ,

n a e c O c if i c a P e h t , g n i d n u o r r u s s i h h ti w

a n i d n a d l o c d n a k c a l b s a w t I .r e t a w e h t n i e b o t g n i y fi r r e t s a w t I

r e t a W . ll e w g n il b m u r c a f o m o tt o b e h t t a e r e w I f i s a t l e f I . e g a r

g n i h s a r c t p e

k downonme. I tstung my eye .sI tpulledmedown . I t ’ n d l u o w I y o u b e fi l e h t n e e b t ’ n d a h e r e h t f I . e h t a e r b y l d r a h d l u o c

d e t s a l e v a

h aminute . Isawat iranglesilcingthewate r iftfeenf ee t t n e w , d i u q il d n a d l o c , e l g n it l u f w a n A . n if s ’ k r a h s a s a w t I . y a w a

upanddownmys pine( 106 .)

r e g i T l a g n e B a , t a o b e h t n o r e g n e s s a p r e h t o n a h ti w s t c il f n o c s e c a f o s l a e H

H . r e k r a P d r a h c i R d e m a

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l b , f a e d s a w I , r e k r a P d r a h c i R o t t x e N . e s r u o

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e h t f o g n il t s i h w e h t h ti w t a h w d n a , e m l l e m s t o n y l b a b o r p d l u o c

, l u f e r a c e r e w I f i , e k o r b s e v a w s a a e s e h t f o g n i s s i h e h t d n a d n i w

. e m r a e h t o n d l u o w e

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i lonelymanbobbingwtih r

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e s it c a r p

I reilgiou srtiual stha t Iadapted to the cricumstance s– ,s t s o h n o i n u m m o C d e t a r c e s n o c r o s t s e ir p t u o h ti w s e s s a M y r a ti l o s

s t c a , d a s a r P r o f t a e m e lt r u t h ti w s a j u p d n a , s it r u m t u o h ti w s n a h s r a d

f

o devoiton to Allah no tknowing where Mecca wa sand getitng .

g n o r w c i b a r A y

m They brough tmecomfor,tt hati scetrain .Buti t g n it t e l a , p u g n i n e p o n a s i d o G n i h ti a F . d r a h s a w t i , h o , d r a h s a w

e v o l f o t c a e e r f a , t s u rt p e e d a , o

g – buts omeitmesi twass ohardt o , r e g n a h ti w t s a f o s g n i k n i s s a w t r a e h y m s e m it e m o S . e v o l

d n a n o it a l o s e

d wea irness , Iwa safraid i twould sink to the very p u k c a b t i t fi l o t e l b a e b t o n d l u o w I d n a c if i c a P e h t f o m o tt o b

8 0 2

( -209 .)

Finally ,healsof ace sadeepconfilc twtihinhim, p

i h s a t a h t h c u m o s g n i p o h p o t s o t d a h

I wouldr escueme . Ishould .

e m h ti w t r a t s o t d a h l a v i v r u S . p l e h e d i s t u o n o t n u o c t o

n .I.l ooked

l l a s a w I d n A . r e t a w h c u m o s s a w e r e h T . n o z ir o h y t p m e e h t t a t u o

. s r a e t t o h o t n i t s r u b I . e n o l a l l A . e n o l

a Ibu ired my face in my s

a w n o it a u ti s y M . d e b b o s d n a s m r a d e s s o r

c patenltyhopeless( 168 -.)

9 6 1

e r e h t t a h t t c a f e h t g n i d r a g e

R aresevera lconfilct soccu rwhlieP isrtuggle s t a e r g e v a h s t c il f n o c e s e h t s a l l e w s a n a e c O c if i c a P n o e v i v r u s o t d r a h

l a c i g o l o h c y s

p impact sonP’isl fie,t hewrtieri ntendst oconduc tastudyt oidentfiy c

e h

t onfilct sand analyze the psychologica limpact son P’i sexpeirence sin 227 -y

a

(19)

h t f o s r e t c a r a h c e h t g n i z y l a n

a enove land employst het heoryo fcharacte,r t heory ,

n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c f

o theoryo fconfilc tandtheoryins pritiuailsm.

s a h r e ti r w e h t e s u a c e b s i c i p o t s i h t g n i s o o h c r o f n o s a e r l a n o s r e p e h T

d e c n e ir e p x

e adeep persona lconfilc tinvolvingr eilgiou sexpeirencewhich r esu tl s t

c a p m i l a c i g o l o h c y s p t a e r g

a in the wrtier’ slfie .Thus ,i ttirgger sthe wrtie rto s

e r u t a r e ti l n i y d u t s y r a r b il a t c u d n o

c whichs harest hes ameexpeirence.

.

B Objec itve soft heStudy y d u t s s i h t f o e v it c e j b o e h

T i sto examine the psychologica limpact s s

’l e tr a M n n a Y n i n e e s s a i P y b d e c n e ir e p x

e Lfieo fP.i

.

C ProblemFormula iton

: s w o ll o f s a d e t a l u m r o f e r a y d u t s s i h t f o s m e l b o r p e h T .

1 Howdoe sP,it hemaincharacte ro fYannMatre’l sLfieo fPi,i sporrtayed? .

2 Wha taret hepsychologicali mpact sexpe irencedbyP iwhenhewa sd irtfed 7

2 2 r o f n a e c O c if i c a P n

o -days?

.

D Beneftisoft heStudy y

d u t s e h

T o fltierary work sha ssevera ladvantages .Fo rthe wrtier ,thi s f o d lr o w e h t o t d e t a l e R . e fi l n i n o it c e lf e r l a n o s r e p t e g o t t p m e tt a n a s i y d u t s

s i y d u t s s i h t , e r u t a r e ti

l expectedt ocontirbutei ngivingmoreunderstandingabou t ,

l e v o n e h

t a swel las dad i ngreader’ snovelr eferences ,especiallyf ort her eader so f s

l e v o n s ’l e tr a M n n a Y s r e h t o f o s r e d a e r e h t o s l a d n a l e v o n e h

(20)

,s t n e d u t s m a r g o r P y d u t S n o it a c u d

E the wrtie rdesign sal esson planfo rIntensive t

a h t I I g n i d a e

R eus ssome selected par to fthis nove la sa medium fo rteachi ng h

s il g n

E inteachingl earningacitviites.

.

E Deifni itono fTerms

r e ti r w e h t r o f l a it n e s s e s i t i , l e v o n e h t g n i z y l a n a n

I to highilgh tce train e h t g n ir e w s n a n i n o it a n a l p x e r e r a e l c a d n a s i s y l a n a e t a r u c c a n a e d i v o r p o t s m r e t

. d e t a l u m r o f s m e l b o r

p Therearethreet erm stodeifnetoavoidmisinterpreitng .The a

s n o it i n if e

d regivenasf ollows: .

1 Psychologica lImpacts

a t f e l s a h s y a d 7 2 2 r o f n a e c O c if i c a P n o d e tf ir d g n i e b s e c n e ir e p x e s ’i P

a l l a y li m a f s i h f o l l a s e s o l e h , r e v o e r o M . m i h r o f a m u a rt l a c i g o l o h c y s

p toncei n

h T . s e y e s i h f o t n o r

f e big rtaumaitc even t happen s in chlidhood resutl son n

, r e v e w o H . a m u a rt l a c i g o l o h c y s

p o t al l rtaumaitc event s lead into lasitng e h t n e v e m o r f y l k c i u q r e v o c e r e l p o e p e m o S . e g a m a d l a c i g o l o h c y s p d n a l a n o it o m e

o h s d n a c i g a rt t s o

m ckingexpe irence .s

d n a l a n o it o m e o t e l b it p e c s u s e l p o e p e k a m s r o t c a f k s ir f o r e b m u n A

l u f s s e rt s a y b d e z it a m u a rt e b o t y l e k il e r o m e r a e l p o e P . a m u a rt l a c i g o l o h c y s p

’ y e h t fi e c n e ir e p x

e rearleadyunde raheavysrtessl oado rhaver ecenltysuffereda g n o l d n a e r e v e s a e v a h n a c d o o h d li h c n i a m u a rt g n i c n e ir e p x E . s e s s o l f o s e ir e

s

-g n i n e t h g ir f a s a d lr o w e h t e e s d e z it a m u a rt n e e b e v a h o h w n e r d li h C . t c e f f e g n it s a l

d li h c n e h W . e c a l p s u o r e g n a d d n

(21)

n i t c a e r e l p o e p , a m u a rt d e t a e p e r r o , t n e v e c it a m u a rt a g n i w o ll o F . a m u a rt r e h tr u f

h p f o e g n a r e d i w a g n i c n e ir e p x e , s y a w t n e r e f fi

d ysica land emoitona lreacitons , d n a a i n m o s n i s a l l e w s a r a e f d n a y t e i x n a , s s e l e p o h d n a d a s g n il e e f s a h c u s

. s e r a m t h g i

n Thesesymptom sandf eeilngst ypicallyl astf romaf ewdayst o af ew s

a g n i d a f y ll a u d a r g , s h t n o

m people proces s the rtauma (h ttp://www.helpguide.org/menta/lemoitonal_psychological_ rtauma.htm ;May 17 ,

.) 2 1 0 2

. e g a m a d l a c i g o l o h c y s p s tl u s e r a m u a rt l a c i g o l o h c y s p l l a t o n , s s e l e h tr e v e N

n o s n a H e it a

K , who wrtie sabou t‘Post-Traumaitc Growth’, ctied Nietzsche who t

a h t d i a

s “Wha tdoesn’ tkli lyoumake syousrtonger” .Fu trhermore ,shestatest ha t a

m u a rt , y ti s r e v d a e ri u q e r e l p o e

p , and setbacks i n order t o grow , ifnd fufllilment , n

o s r e p a s a p o l e v e

d , and ifnd thei rinne rsrtength. According to Kaite Hanson , t

s o P

‘ -Traumaitc Growth ’ i s a se t o f rtaumaitc events which resutl in three :

s ti f e n e b

) 1

( feeilngs rtonge rand ifndinghiddenabiilite sands rtengths;t hi schangest he n

o s r e

p ’ s sel f concep t and give s them the con ifdence to face new s

i h t e v i v r u s n a c I f I . g . e , s e g n e ll a h

c , Icans urviveanything; )

2

( good relaitonship sare srtengthened ,which i srelfected in how people e v a h y e h t r e tf a ” e r a s d n e ir f e u rt r i e h t o h w t u o g n i d n if “ f o k a e p s n e tf o

d n a ; a m u a rt a d e c n e ir e p x e ) 3

( p iro irite sandphliosophie sconcerningt hepresen tdayandothe rpeopleare d

e r e tl

(22)

(h ttp://www.posiitvepsychology.org.uk/pp-theory/post-rtaumaitc-growth/105 -t

s o

p -rtaumaitc-growth.html ;dateo facces sMay19 ,2012)

.

2 Paci ifcOcean o t g n i d r o c c

A TheWorldBookEncyclopedia ,Paci ifcOceani st hel arges t f o d ri h t n a h t e r o m s r e v o c n a e c O c if i c a P e h T . r e t a w f o y d o b t s e p e e d e h t d n a

d e k o o l n a ll e g a M d n a n i d r e F r e r o l p x e e s e u g u tr o P e h T . d lr o w e h t f o e c a f r u s e h t

ti d e m a n d n a n a e c o t a e r g s i h t n o p

u Paciifc,whichmean speacefu.l

. s e li m e r a u q s 0 0 0 , 0 0 8 , 3 6 t u o b a f o a e r a l a t o t a s a h n a e c o e h T

d n e tf o s r e h p a r g o e

G ividet hePaciifcatt heequatori nto t heNo trhPaciifcand a

h c if i c a P e h T . c if i c a P h t u o S e h

t sanaveragedepth14,000f ee.t

.

3 Reilgionsi nInd ia o t g n i d r o c c

A TheEncyclopedia o fthePeople soft heWorld ,Hindui st he . a i d n I n i n o it a l u p o p e h t f o t n e c r e p 5 . 2 8 s i tI . a i d n I n i n o i g il e r n o m m o c t s o m

5 . 1 1 h ti w m a l s I s i d n o c e

S percen t o f Indians , and the res t percen tare t

n i n a s y a l p n o i g il e r , a i d n I n I .s n i a J d n a , t s i h d d u B , s h k i S , s n a it s ir h

C egra lpar t

e fi l s ’ n o it a n e h t n

i .

n

I India ,themos tdisitncitvef eatureo fHinduismasf a rast heoutsideri s m

e t s y s e t s a c s ti s i d e n r e c n o

c . In fact , thi s system subsume s a twofold o

t n i d e d i v i d s i e t s a c e h T . a t a rt s l a i c o s f o n o it a c if i s s a l

c fou r disitnct ,

e h T . s p u o r g d e r e d r o y ll a c i h c r a r e i

h fris tonei sBrahmans ,thesacerdota leltie , s

i d n o c e s e h T . s e d i u g s u o i g il e r d n a , s r e h c a e t e h t , s t s e ir p e h

(23)

s i e t s a c t x e N . s r e l u r d n a s r o ir r a

w Vaishyas ,merchant sand rtader sareamong s

i t s a l e h T . e t s a c s i h

t Shudras ,which consttiute sfarmer sand t hepeoplewho v

r e

s et heothert hreecaste .sIndiaha sabou t180l anguage ,si ncluding14majo r e

u g n o

t sandalso700dialect .s o

t g n i d r o c c

A India :a n Introduciton ,thereareeigh tdfiferentreilgionsi n , m s i n i a J , m s i h d d u B , m s i h k i S , y ti n a it s ir h C , m a l s I , m s i u d n i H : a i d n I

t s a o r o

Z iranism and Judaism .India could be descirbed a sa Hindu counrty f o % 1 1 d n u o r a , t x e n e m o c s m il s u M e h T . s u d n i H e r a s n o it a l u p o p % 3 8 e c n i s

e h

t populaiton and today numbe rbetween 70 and 80 mliilons .Thus ,atfe r ’

d lr o w e h t s a h a i d n I , h s e d a l g n a B d n a a i s e n o d n

I sthrid larges tpopulaiton o f .

s m il s u

M A tfe rthe Musilm scome the Ch irsitan swho tota la ltilte ove r16 a

i d n I o t e m a c y ti n a it s ir h C . n o il li

m earilert hani tcamet oEurope ,buti tspread h

c n e r F , h c t u D , e s e u g u tr o P e h t g n ir u d y l n

o , andB iritshoccupaiton. e

h

T Sikh s numbe r around 13 mliilon .Buddhism ha s4.5 mliilon o f n

o il li m 3 s a h n i a J e h T . s r e w o ll o

f populaitons ,whlieZoroastiran so rParsis ,are n

i d e t a rt n e c n o c e r a d n a 0 0 0 , 0 0 1 n a h t s s e

l Mumbai .TheJ ew snowarel esst han it

n a h g u o h tl A . e l p o e p 0 0 0 ,

5 -Semiitsmha sneve rbeenknownofi nI ndia,l arge e

v a h s w e J n a i d n I f o s r e b m u

(24)

0 1

I I R E T P A H C

W E I V E R L A C I T E R O E H T

, s e ir o e h T d e t a l e R f o w e i v e R : e r a y e h T . s tr a p r u o f f o s t s i s n o c r e t p a h c s i h T

t e r o e h T , h c a o r p p A l a c it ir

C ica lFrameworkandTheContex toft heNovel .Review f o y r o e h t , r e t c a r a h c f o y r o e h t n o n o it a n a l p x e e h t s e v l o v n i s e ir o e h T d e t a l e R f o

. s e c n e ir e p x e l a u ti ri p s n o s e c n e r e f e r d n a , t c il f n o c f o y r o e h t , n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c

l a c i g o l o h c y s P e b ir c s e d l li w h c a o r p p A l a c it ir

C Approach .Theoreitca lFramework e h t f o t x e t n o C e h T . y d u t s e h t g n i z y l a n a n i s e ir o e h t f o n o it u b ir t n o c e h t s n i a l p x e

e r a h c i h w l e v o n e h t e c n e u lf n i t a h t s r o t c a f l a u t x e t n o c t n a tr o p m i o w t s t n e s e r p l e v o N

.l e v o n e h t f o g n it t e s e h t d n a t s il e v o n e h t f o g n it t e s e h t

.

A Reviewo fRelatedTheories

e s o h t s e d u l c n i t r a p s i h T . y d u t s s i h t o t d e t a l e r s e ir o e h t e m o s e r a e r e h T

f o y r o e h t , r e t c a r a h c f o y r o e h t e r a y e h T . y d u t s e h t g n it c u d n o c n i d e s u s e ir o e h t

c n e ir e p x e l a u ti ri p s n o s e c n e r e f e r d n a , t c il f n o c f o y r o e h t , n o it a z ir e t c a r a h

c e .s

.

1 Theoryo fCharacter

e b t s u m r e t c a r a h c a “ t a h t s e u g r a ) 7 6 : 8 8 9 1 ( o t o r b e o s o n s e o K , k o o b s i h n I

s i h n i t n e t s i s n o c e b o t s a h r e t c a r a h c a t a h t s e b ir c s e d e H ” . g n i c n i v n o c r o e l b a v e il e b

s u m n o it c a d n a e d u ti tt a r i e h T . e l b i d e r c d n a d e t a v it o m y lr a e l c , r o i v a h e

b t be

s i n o it c if a f o y r o t s e h t o s , r o h t u a e h t y b n e v i g y ti l a n o s r e p e h t h ti w e l b a ti u s

(25)

l e v o n r i e h t n i d r e o w r e d n o o h c S d n a r a a L e D e li h

W An Approach to

, e r u t a r e ti L h s il g n

E sayt ha t“therearet wo main elements( o fanove)lt ha tshould e h t r o e l p o e p e h t d n a t o l p e h t r o y r o t s e h t e r a y e h t ; y r o t s a n i d e y o l p m e e b

.) 0 7 1 : 3 6 9 1 ( ” s r e t c a r a h c

y ll a it n e s s e n i a m e r y a m r e t c a r a h c a “ t a h t s y a s s m a r b A , e d i s r e h t o e h t n I

d n a k o o lt u o s i h n i d e g n a h c n u r o , e l b a t

s disposiitons ,from the beginning to the l a u d a r g a h g u o r h t r e h ti e , e g n a h c l a c i d a r a o g r e d n u y a m e h r o , k r o w e h t f o d n e

s y a s e h o s l a d n A . ) 0 2 : 1 8 9 1 ( ” s i s ir c e m e rt x e n a f o t l u s e r e h t s a r o t n e m p o l e v e d

o t s a s ti b a h n i o h w n o s r e p d e n i g a m i n a s i r e t c a r a h c a “ t a h

t ry and i tshow sa

t a h t r o F . ) 0 2 : 1 8 9 1 , s m r e T y r a r e ti L f o y r a s s o l G A ( ” n o s r e p f o e p y t e v it c n it s i d

l li w r e t c a r a h c a d n a l e v o n a f o e r u t a e f t n a tr o p m i n a e b t s u m r e t c a r a h c a , n o s a e r

d n a s n o it a u ti s s ti o t g n i d r o c c a e g n a h c l li w t i e s u a c e b e m a s e h t n i a m e r t o n

n o

c diiton .s

k o o b s i h n i y e n n e K o t g n i d r o c c

A How t o Analyze Ficiton, t here aret wo 8

2 : 8 6 9 1 ( r e t c a r a h c f o s d n i

k -29) ,namely: .

a Simple( lfat )characters

e e s s r e d a e r e h t e s u a c e b s r e t c a r a h c t a lf r o e l p m i s e z i n g o c e r o t y s a e s i t I

s r e t c a r a h c e h t f o e d i s e n o y l n

o and t hese character sarefamiilar t ypes t o .s

r e d a e r e h t .

b Complex( round )characters

. e s a r h p e n o n i y l n o d e b ir c s e d e b t o n n a c s r e t c a r a h c d n u o r r o x e l p m o c e h T

s e g n a h c e h t f o e s u a c e b s r e d a e r e h t g n i s ir p r u s n i y ti li b a p a c e m o s e v a h y e h T

(26)
(27)
(28)
(29)

.f Reacitons

it c a e r s i h h g u o r h t y ti l a n o s r e p s ’ r e t c a r a h c e h t e b ir c s e d n a c r o h t u a e h

T onon

y ti l a u q e h t w o n k y a m s r e d a e r e h t t a h t o s , s t n e m o m d n a s n o it a u ti s t n e r e f fi d

.r e t c a r a h c e h t y b d e r e t n u o c n e s n o it a u ti s e h t h ti w g n il a e d n i r e t c a r a h c e h t f o .

g Driec tcomment

s i h g n i v i g y b y lt i c il p x e y ti l a n o s r e p s ’ r e t c a r a h c e h t e b ir c s e d n a c r o h t u a e h T

opinionandcommen taboutt hecharacte.r .

h Thought

g n it a t s y b y ti l a n o s r e p s ’r e t c a r a h c e h t w o n k s r e d a e r e h t s t e l r o h t u a e h T

l a t n e m e h t o t d e l e r a s r e d a e r e h T . d n i m s ’ r e t c a r a h c e h t n i s i t a h w y lt i c il p x e

.s a e d i s y e v n o c t a h t r e t c a r a h c e h t f o s s e c o r p

.i Manneri sm

e h t r e h ti e s ti b a h s i h o s l a d n a r o i v a h e b s ’ r e t c a r a h c e h t s e b ir c s e d r o h t u a e h T

s r e d a e r e h t r o i v a h e b d n a s ti b a h s i h m o r F . s e n o s e v it a g e n e h t r o e v it i s o p

. y ti l a n o s r e p s i h f o n o it c e lf e r e h t w o n k n a c

n

I Structure , Sound and Sense , Per irne say s tha t“to be convincing , :

e r a y e h t ,) 9 6 : 4 7 9 1 ( ” s e l p i c n ir p e e r h t e v r e s b o o s l a t s u m n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c

.

a Consistencyi nbehavior

y a w t n e r e f fi d a d n a n o i s a c c o e n o n o y a w e n o e v a h e b t o n t s u m s r e t c a r a h C

.s e g n a h c e h t r o f n o s a e r t n e i c if f u s y lr a e l c a s i e r e h t s s e l n u r e h t o n a n o .

b Moitvaiton

e r e h t n e h w y ll a i c e p s e o d y e h t r e v e t a h w n i d e t a v it o m e b d l u o h s s r e t c a r a h C

(30)
(31)
(32)

)

1 Approach– Approach

t u b l a u d i v i d n i n a e t a v it o m s l a o g e v it i s o p o w t n e h w s e g r e m e e p y t s i h T

f o e p y t s i h T . ) 1 6 4 ( s l a o g e v it i s o p o w t e h t f o e n o h c a e r y l n o n a c e h s / e h

s i h t , y ll a c it e r o e h t “ e t a t s r e p o o C d n a l e h c r o W . e n o t s e i s a e e h t s i t c il f n o c

l o s e r o t y s a e e b d l u o h s t c il f n o c f o e p y

t ve”( 461 .)

)

2 Avoidance– Avoidance

l a o g e n o e s o o h c o t s a h n o s r e p a n e h w s e g r e m e t c il f n o c f o e p y t s i h T

d n a l e h c r o W . ) 1 6 4 ( l a u q e e r a h c i h w s l a o g e v it c a rt t a n u o w t n e e w t e b

d l u o c s l a o g o w t e h t n e e w t e b n o it a ll i c a v , y ll a c it e r o e h t “ e t a t s r e p o o C

i n if e d n i e u n it n o

c tely”( 461 .) )

3 Approach– Avoidance

s a h h c i h w l a o g e n o y l n o s a h n o s r e p a n e h w s e g r e m e t c il f n o c f o e p y t s i h T

e b d l u o c n o s r e p A . ) 1 6 4 ( ti n i t c e p s a e v it c a rt t a n u d n a e v it c a rt t a d e t a i c o s s a

i o v a d n a l a o g e h t t e g o t e ri s e d r e h / s i h n e e w t e b t c il f n o c a n i d e p p a

rt d t he

. ) 1 6 4 ( l a o g )

4 DoubleApproach– Avoidance

o t g n i v a h e v l o v n i n a c t c il f n o c f o e p y t s i h t “ e t a t s r e p o o C d n a l e h c r o W

e v it a g e n d n a e v it i s o p s a h h c i h w f o h c a e , s l a o g o w t n e e w t e b e s o o h c

h c a o r p p a e l b u o d f o e p y t d n o c e s a “ e t a t s o s l a y e h T . ) 1 6 4 ( ” s t c e p s

a

-i o v

a danceconfilc tcould i nvolvechoosing whethert oapproach o ravoida .)

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s e p y t e e r h t e r a e r e h t t a h t e t a t s d n o m d e R d n a , e b e e B , e b e e B , e r o m r e h tr u F

(33)

)

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) 7 9 2 ( n o s r e p r e h t o n a y b n e v i g )

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, s n o it i n if e d , s a e d i t n e r e f fi d g n i v a h f o e s u a c e b s r u c c o t c il f n o c e l p m i S

.) 8 9 2 ( s l a o g d n a , s n o it p e c r e p )

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.) 7 9 2 ( .

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o t t n a tr o p m i s i tI . s e s u a c d n a s g n i h t y n a m f o e s u a c e b e g r e m e n a c s t c il f n o C

y a s y e l g n a p S d n a t r a h n e s I . t c il f n o c e h t f o s e s u a c e h t w o n k d n a y fi t n e d i

n e d i

“ tfiying undelrying i ssuest ha tfue lbad feeilng sand damagerelaitonships i s e n o n e h w n o it u l o s e r s t s i s e r t c il f n o C . t c il f n o c g n i v l o s e r r o f s k s a t l a rt n e c e h t f o e n o

e r e h T . ) 4 1 ( ” s e it r a p r e h t o r o f e c n a c if i n g i s t s o m f o s e u s s i e h t s s e r d d a o t s li a f y tr a p

v e s e r

a encause so fconfilc twhichmosltyoccurt opeople .Theyare: )

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r o , y ti li b a il e r , e c r u o s t s e b e h t t u o b a n o i n i p o t n e r e f fi d e v a h n e tf o e l p o e P

. a t a d f o n o it a t e r p r e t n i )

2 Interests

r o s t n a w e l b i g n a t , li a t e d e r a t n e m e e r g a s i d f o s e s u a c n o m m o c t s o m e h T

e

p rceived need so feach person .The dfiferent i nterest so rgoal sbetween .

(34)

)

3 Procedures

o t y a w a h ti w e e r g a t o n o d y e h t fi n o i s s u c s i d n i e g a g n e t o n y a m s e it r a P “

t c il f n o c e v l o s e r r o , n o i s i c e d a e k a m , m e l b o r p e h t e v l o

s ”( 14) .

)

4 Value

n o i n i p o t n e r e f fi d e h t g n i v l o v n i s i d e v l o s e r e b o t t c il f n o c t l u c if fi d t s o m e h T

. s e c i o h c d n a , s n o it p o , s t s e r e t n i f o e c n a tr o p m i r o e u l a v e h t t u o b a )

5 Relaitonships

h t t a h t e v e il e b r o t s u rt t o n s e o d e h s / e h f i g n it a r e p o o c d i o v a y a m n o s r e p

A e

r o d e n e t s il r o d e t c e p s e r g n i e b t o n s l e e f e h s / e h f i , t s e n o h s i n o s r e p r e h t o

t n e i n e v n o c h g i h a g n i v a h y b d e tr a t s n e tf o s i n o it a r o b a ll o C . d o o t s r e d n u

. p i h s n o it a l e r f o l e v e l ) 6 Roles

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.) 5 1 ( ” e l o r )

7 Communicaiton

. ) 5 1 ( ” d i a s s i g n i h t e m o s w o h m o r f s tl u s e r y lt n e u q e r f t c il f n o c “ t a h t s e t a t s t I

g i m e l p o e

P htt irggert hei remoiton sbecauset heyt akepersonallywhatt he .t

a e r h t a s a m e h t t e r p r e t n i r o y a s e l p o e p r e h t o .

d Styleo fApproachingConfilcts

y b d e s u y l n o m m o c s e h c a o r p p a e e r h t e s o p o r p d n o m d e R d n a , e b e e B , e b e e B

t e u g r a y e h T . s t c il f n o c h c a o r p p a o t e l p o e

(35)
(36)
(37)
(38)

f o s e l u r e h t , l a m r o f n i s i n o it a rt i b r a “ e t a t s e l g n a p S d n a t r a h n e s I . n o i s i c e d a

r o f s n o s a e r e d i v o r p t o n y a m r o y a m r o t a rt i b r a e h t , d e il p p a y lt c ir t s t o n e r a e c n e d i v e

, d r a w a e h

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. y tr a p d ri h t e h t s i tr u o C . s s e c o r p l a i c i d u j s i n o it p o t s a l

.

4 Reference sonSpirtiua lExperiences n

e v

E though reference son sp ritiua lexpeirence sbecome the supporitng r e ti r w e h T . t n a tr o p m i t o n s i tr a p s i h t t a h t n a e m t o n s e o d t i , y d u t s s i h t n i y r o e h t

f o r e t c a r a h c n i a m e h t f o e fi l y lr a e e h t e s u a c e b l a it n e s s e t i s r e d i s n o

c Lfieo fPiha s

s r a e y n e e tr u o f s a w “ i P n e h w s a h c u s , s e c n e ir e p x e l a u ti ri p s l a r e v e s d e r e t n u o c n e

d l

o – and awell-conten tHindu on ahoilday– when Ime tJesu sCh irst( 50)”and s a w I d n a d l o s r a e y n e e tf if s a w I . r e t a l r a e y a y l d r a h , d n i h e b t h g ir d e w o ll o f m a l s I “

ir o l p x

e ngmyhometown( 58)”.

s k o o b l a r e v e s m o r f s e c n e r e f e r r e h t a g l li w r e ti r w e h t , n o it c e s s i h t n i ,s u h T s a h c u

s ThePh liosophie so fAsia by Alan Watts ,Happinessby MatthieuRicard ,

n o it c u d o r t n I n A : a i d n

I by Khuswan t Singh , The God Delusion by Richard ,

s n i k w a

D Einstein and Reilgion by Max Jamme rand a web page in spritiua l n

i s e i d u t s s e c n e ir e p x

e http /:/wwws.pritiual-expe irence .scom .Some o fthem are t n a tr o p m i n a s e v r e s h c i h w , w e i v f o t n i o p m s il a u ti ri p s n i o g E e h T t u o b a g n i k l a t

, n o it a l u m r o f m e l b o r p e h t r e w s n a o t e c r u o s

t a h t n o i s u ll i l u f r e w o p e h t s i tI . y ti l a u d i v i d n i f o e s n e s r u o y s i o g E

a s u n i s t s i x

e l land creates t he appearance o fseparaiton from t he .)

(39)

r a e f s i h t s e c n e ir e p x e d n i k n a M . fl e s ti f o h t a e d s i r a e f t s e t a e r g s ' o g E

r a e f y l b a b o r p t s i e h t a n A . h t a e d l a c i s y h p f o r a e f n w o s ti y

b st hist he

t h g if l li w y e h T . o g e r i e h t e c a l p o t e fi lr e tf a o n e v a h y e h t s a t s o m

d e z il a e r f l e s s i o h w n o s r e p A . d n e y r e v e h t l li t h t a e d r a e f d n a

. h t a e d o n s i e r e h t t a h t s w o n k

, r a c r u o Y . o g e r u o y f o n o it c e lf e r a s i e t a l u m u c c a u o y t a h t l l A

d n a , g n i h t o l c , e s u o

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o r f d e v e ir t e r ( .s i h

t http://wwws.pritiual-expeirence .scom/aritcles -p

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s ;accessedMay5 ,2012 .) n

i s e m a J m a il li W o t g n i d r o c c

A TheVarieite so fReilgiou sExperience ,he s

c it s ir e t c a r a h c r u o f s e b ir c s e

d ofr eilgious/mysitca lexpeirences uchas:

.

a Transient :the expe irence i stemporary ;the individua lsoon return sto a d n a e c a p s f o n o it p e c r e p l a m r o n r u o e d i s t u o s i tI . d n i m f o e m a r f " l a m r o n "

. e m it .

b Ineffable:t heexpeirencecanno tbeadequatelyputi ntoword .s .

c Noeitc:t hei ndividualf eelst ha theo rshehasl earnedsomethingvaluable m o r f n e d d i h y ll a m r o n s i t a h t e g d e l w o n k s u s e v i g t I . e c n e ir e p x e e h t m o r f

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h nunderstanding. .

d Passive : the expeirence happen s to the individual , largely wtihou t t a h t n o it a ti d e m s a h c u s , s e it i v it c a e r a e r e h t h g u o h tl A . l o rt n o c s u o i c s n o c

e b n a c t a h t g n i h t e m o s t o n s i ti , y l e k il e r o m e c n e ir e p x e s u o i g il e r e k a m n a c

a f f o d n a n o d e n r u

t twli.l r e k n i h t n a m r e G e h

T Rudol fOtto(1869–1937 )argue stha tthere i sone l a r u tl u c e h t f o t n e d n e p e d n i , e c n e ir e p x e s u o i g il e r l l a o t r o t c a f n o m m o c

k o o b s i h n I . d n u o r g k c a

b The Idea of t he Holy(1923 )he i denitifest hi sfacto ra s e

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t numinous . The “numinous” expeirence ha s two aspects:mysterium m

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(40)

i c s a

f nas, t het endencyt o atrtac,t f ascinateandcompel .Thenuminou sexpeirence a h ti w n o i n u m m o c n i e b o t s l e e f n o s r e p e h t t a h t n i ,t i o t y ti l a u q l a n o s r e p a s a h o s l a

e H . e c n e ir e p x e s u o i g il e r e l b i s s o p y l n o e h t s a s u o n i m u n e h t s e e s o tt O . r e h t o y l o h

r e h T " : s e t a t

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t u o b a s e t a t s o s l a e

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a mysitca lexpeirencessuchas ilberaitonandenilghtenment.

.

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e z y l a n a o t l o o t a s a h c a o r p p A l a c i g o l o h c y s P s y o l p m e r e ti r w e h

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a t e , n e r u G . d e h t u o

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c Al lhuman behavio ri smo itvated ulitmately by sexualtiy t(hi sstatemen t .)

(41)

: s e n o z c i h c y s p e e r h t o t s e s s e c o r p l a t n e m d e n g i s s a o s l a d u e r F .

a TheI d ri o v r e s e R )

1 o filbido,t hep irmarys ourceo fal lphysicenergy. .

e l p i c n ir p e r u s a e l p e h t ll if l u f o t s n o it c n u f d i e h T ) 2

, r e d r o l a n o it a r f o e c n a l b m e s r o s s e n s u o i c s n o c o n s a h d i e h T ) 3

. y ti l a ti v s u o h p r o m a d n a s u o d n e m e rt a y b d e z ir e t c a r a h c

n i s d e e n l a u t c n it s n i e h t r o f n o it c a f s it a s n i a t b o o t e s l u p m i n a s a h y l n O ) 4

. e r u s a e l p h ti w e c n a d r o c c a

.s e ri s e d d n a n o i s s e r g g a l l a f o e c r u o s e h t s i d i e h t ,t r o h s n I ) 5

: d I e h T e t a l u g e r o t s e i c n e g a o w t e r a e r e h T .

b TheEgo )

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)

4 Egocomp irse swha twet hinko fast heconsciou smind .

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1 P irmarliyf uncitonst oprotects ociety. )

2 Largely unconscious ,superego i sthe mora lcenso irng agency ,the .

e d ir p d n a e c n e i c s n o c f o y r o ti s o p e r )

3 Servest oi nhibi torr epresst hei d,t oblock of fandt hrus tback i ntot he i

e s o h t s u o i c s n o c n

(42)

l a p i d e O e h t d n a , n o i s s a p l a u x e s , n o i s s e r g g a t r e v o e k il ( e l b a t p e c c a n u

. )t c n it s n I

.

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u c s i d o t e k il d l u o w r e ti r w e h t ,t r a p s i h t n

I sst heproblemf ormulaitoni nt he r e ti r w e h t , n o it a l u m r o f m e l b o r p e h t n i s n o it s e u q e h t r e w s n a o T . r e t p a h c s u o i v e r p

. c i p o t e h t o t d e t a l e r s e ir o e h t e m o s s e s u

e h t s d e e n s i s y l a n a c i s a b e h t , y g o l o h c y s p n a m u h h ti w l a e d s t c il f n o c e c n i S

e i v f o t n i o p l a c i g o l o h c y s

p w . Therefore , thi s study use s the psychologica l o t d e s u s i , y r o e h t n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c d n a r e t c a r a h c e h t , y r o e h t d n o c e s e h T . h c a o r p p a

n i s i s a b e h t s a d e s u s i t I . n o it a l u m r o f m e l b o r p e h t f o n o it s e u q t s ri f e h t r e w s n a

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s e ir o e h t e s e h T . y d u t s s i h t n i n o it a l u m r o f m e l b o r p f o n o it s e u q d n o c e s e h t r e w s n a

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.

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p How I Wrote Lfie o fPi ,atfe r studying ph liosophy a tTren t g n it i s i v a i d n I n i s h t n o m 3 1 t n e p s e h , o ir a t n O , h g u o r o b r e t e P n i y ti s r e v i n U

m e t ,s e h c r u h c , s e u q s o

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k c a b g n i d l o h e r e w r e w e i v e r e h t f i s

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w e J e n o l e n o d n a s k n i s p i h s e h t ,s a l A . li z a r B o t e t a r g i m e o t s e d i c e d

r e h t n a p k c a l b a h ti w t a o b e fi l a n i p u s d n e

(http://www.powell .scomf/romtheautho /rmatre.lhtml ; accessed .)

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e h t s e s s u c s i d h c i h w , y d u t S e h t f o d o h t e M e h t s i t s a l e h T . l e v o n e h t e z y l a n a

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s y a d 7 2 2 r o f n a e c O c if i c a P n o t a o b e fi l a n o g n it a o lf s n i a m e r e H . p i h s o g r a c

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t n e w , d i u q il d n a d l o c , e l g n it l u f w a n A . n if s ’ k r a h s a s a w t I . y a w a

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