THE ANALYSIS OF STRATEGIES EMPLOYED IN THE TRANSLATION OF MOVIE SUBTITLE FOR CHILDREN IN “FROZEN” FILM.

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THE ANALYSIS OF STRATEGIES EMPLOYED IN THE TRANSLATION OF

MOVIE SUBTITLE FOR CHILDREN IN “FROZEN” FILM

A Research Paper

Submitted to English Education Department of FPBS UPI as a Partial Fulfillment for the Requirement of Sarjana Pendidikan Degree

By

Divta Pertamidian

1104308

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION

FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND LITERATURE EDUCATION

INDONESIA UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION

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The Analysis Of Strategies Employed In The Translation Of

Movie Subtitle For Children In “Frozen” Film

oleh

Divta Pertamidian

Sebuah skripsi yang diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu syarat memperoleh gelar Sarjana pada Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris

Fakultas Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra

Agustus 2015

Hak Cipta dilindungi Undang-Undang

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PAGE OF APPROVAL

The Analysis Of Strategies Employed In The Translation Of

Movie Subtitle For Children In “Frozen” Film

by

Divta Pertamidian 1104308

Approved by: Supervisor

Dr. H. Hobir Abdullah, M.Pd. NIP. 19520209 197702 1 001

Head of English Education Department Faculty of Language and Literature Education

Indonesia University of Education

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THE ANALYSIS OF STRATEGIES EMPLOYED IN THE TRANSLATION OF MOVIE SUBTITLE FOR CHILDREN IN “FROZEN” FILM

Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu

Abstrak: Penelitian ini berfokus pada investigasi strategi-strategi yang digunakan dalam penerjemahan subtitel film “Frozen” berdasarkan teori yang dikemukakan oleh Gottlieb (1992) dan Newmark (1988), serta kualitas terjemahan berdasarkan teori Barnwell (1996). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Data-data diperoleh dari naskah asli dan subtitel bahasa Indonesia film “Frozen” serta analisis penilaian kualitas yang dilakukan oleh peneliti dan rekan sesama mahasiswa Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris. Hasil temuan menunjukkan bahwa strategi yang paling sering digunakan dalam penerjemahan di film “Frozen” adalah paraphrase (52,94%), diikuti oleh transfer (13,93%), imitation (13,47%), deletion (12,85%), condensation (4,18%), resignation (1,08%), decimation (0,77%), expansion dan transcription (0,31%), dan yang terakhir adalah dislocation (0,15). Dari hasil penilaian, kualitas terjemahan termasuk ke dalam kategori baik dengan nilai 3,86 dalam skala satu sampai empat. Penelitian mengindikasi bahwa kualitas terjemahan adalah baik berdasarkan akurasi, kejelasan, dan kenaturalannya.

Kata kunci: penerjemahan, strategi penerjemahan subtitel, film, kualitas terjemahan

Abstract:This study focuses on investigating the strategies used in translating a “Frozen” movie subtitle based on theory proposed by Gottlieb (1992) and Newmark (1988), and also the quality of the translation based on theory by Barnwell (1996). The research is a descriptive qualitative research. The data were obtained from the original script, the Bahasa Indonesia subtitle of the film. The findings reveal that the most frequently used strategy in the film is paraphrase (52.94%), followed by transfer (13.93%), imitation (13.47%), deletion (12.85%), condensation (4.18%), resignation (1.08%), decimation (0.77%), expansion and transcription (0.31%), and the last is dislocation (0.15%). The result of quality assessment is classified as good with the score 3.86 in a scale of one to four. The research indicates the quality of the translation is good in terms of its accuracy, clarity, and naturalness.

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Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE OF APPROVAL ... i

STATEMENT OF AUTHORIZATION ... ii

PREFACE ...iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ... v

ABSTRACT ... vii

TABLE OF CONTENTS ...viii

LIST OF FIGURES ... xi

LIST OF TABLES ... xii

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1Background ... 1

1.2Research Questions ... 2

1.3Purposes of the Research ... 3

1.4Scope of the Research ... 3

1.5Significant of the Research ... 4

1.6Clarification of Terms ... 4

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Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1Translation Theories... 6

2.1.1 Translation Defined ... 6

2.1.2 The Translation Process ... 7

2.2Film Subtitle Theories ... 8

2.2.1 Film Subtitle Defined ... 8

2.2.2 Film Subtitle Strategies ... 9

2.3Translating Movie for Children ... 17

2.4Qualification of Good Translation ... 17

2.5Related Previous Research ... 19

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1Research Design ... 22

3.2Source of Data ... 22

3.2.1 Summary of “Frozen” Film ... 23

3.3Research Procedure ... 23

3.3.1 The Procedure of Data Collection ... 23

3.3.2 The Procedure of Data Analysis... 24

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4.1.1 Expansion ... 30

4.1.2 Paraphrase ... 31

4.1.3 Transfer ... 33

4.1.4 Imitation ... 33

4.1.5 Transcription ... 35

4.1.6 Dislocation ... 36

4.1.7 Condensation ... 36

4.1.8 Decimation ... 38

4.1.9 Deletion ... 38

4.1.10 Resignation ... 39

4.2 The Quality of Translation ... 40

4.2.1 Accuracy... 42

4.2.2 Clarity ... 44

4.2.3 Naturalness ... 46

CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 5.1 Conclusions ... 49

5.2 Suggestions ... 51

5.3 Limitation of Study ... 52

BIBLIOGRAPHY ... 53

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APPENDIX II ... 104

BIOGRAPHY ... 137

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2.1 Larson’s Overview of The Translation Task ... 8

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Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu LIST OF TABLES

Table 4.1 The Distribution of the Subtitling Strategies Applied in each Language Function ... 27

Table 4.2 The Frequency of Subtitling Strategies Applied in Expressive Sentences ... 28

Table 4.3 The Frequency of Subtitling Strategies Applied in Vocative

Sentences ... 29

Table 4.4 The Frequency of Subtitling Strategies Applied in Informative

Sentences ... 29

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Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

This chapter covers the background of the study, the research questions, the purpose of the study, the scope of the study, the significant of the study, the clarification of terms and the organization of the paper.

1.1Background

Film is one of the media for people to get knowledge or even to get entertained in this digital era. In addition, film is a form of communication, and that communication carries the message and information to the viewers (Sherak, 2011). Nowadays, people can easily watch the film since there are many movie theatres available in town. Moreover, people can practically download the film from the internet or watch it on their television. Seeing this fact, now everyone has access toward films.

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THE ANALYSIS OF STRATEGIES EMPLOYED IN THE TRANSLATION OF MOVIE SUBTITLE FOR CHILDREN IN “FROZEN” FILM

In order to get the suitable translation, a translator need to plan the strategies to translate the film. It is called as subtitling strategies. According to Gottlieb (2001), there are ten strategies to be employed in subtitling process: expansion, paraphrase, transfer, imitation, transcription, dislocation, condensation, decimation, deletion and resignation.

The film also be categorized based on the level of viewers. There are films who is made for everyone; children to adults. In this research, the researcher is going to analyze the translation of movie subtitle in one of children films,

“Frozen”. This study will focus on the translating of the dialogue in the level of dialogue. Frozen is categorized as a film which can be watched by everyone, especially children. Frozen is an animated film which presents the interesting visualization of its characters and settings. Thus, it becomes children’s favorite.

Considering the translation for children. The translation strategies are different indeed. The translation should be made carefully. Since the verbal ability of the children is still limited and developing. Thus, the researcher takes this issue to be studied in this research.

1.2 Research Questions

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1. What are the strategies employed in the translation of movie subtitle in

“Frozen” film?

2. Which are the most frequently used strategies in the translation of movie

subtitle in “Frozen” film?

3. How is the quality of translation?

1.3 Purposes of the Research

The purposes of this research is to analyze the strategies employed in the translation of movie subtitle in “Frozen” film. In addition, this research is

conducted to find out the most frequently used strategies in “Frozen” and the

quality of the translation.

1.4 Scope of the Research

This study will focus on finding out the strategies employed in translating

the movie for children. The selected movie is “Frozen” film which launched in

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Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu 1.5 Significant of the Research

This research is expected to give a good impact for translation practitioners, such as, translators, viewers, especially children, and other researchers. For translators, this research is expected to give them information about the translating strategies in translating a movie for children. By knowing the strategies in translating movie for children, the translator might be able to produce the appropriate translation for children.

For children, this research will be helpful in understanding the movie better since their vocabulary is still limited and their way of thinking is still developing.

Lastly, for other researchers, this will be useful for the next research related to the similar topic.

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In order to avoid misunderstanding that lead to the confusion in reading this paper, the terms of this research are clarified:

1. Translating strategies refers to the translator’s conscious plans for solving the translation problem (Krings in Ordudari, 2007) in order to make the equivalent translation.

2. Movie subtitle refers to the translation available in film in the form of text, generally placed in the bottom of the screen.

3. Children refer to the viewers whose age under 12.

1.7 Paper Organization

This research paper will be organized into five chapters. Each chapter contains different subtopics that elaborate the issue. The paper is arranged as follows:

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THE ANALYSIS OF STRATEGIES EMPLOYED IN THE TRANSLATION OF MOVIE SUBTITLE FOR CHILDREN IN “FROZEN” FILM

Chapter II is the Literature Review. This section focuses on theoretical foundation that relevant to the present study and will be used as the concept of the research.

Chapter III is the Research Methodology. This section provides the research design, the source of the research, the procdure of data collection and the procedure of data analysis.

Chapter IV is Data Presentation and Discussion. This section elaborates the findings and provides the answer of the research questions.

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Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This section provides the research design, the source of the research, the procdure of data collection and the procedure of data analysis.

3.1 Research Design

A research is conducted to answer the questions. In this research the researcher uses descriptive qualitative as the research method. According to Bogdan and Biklen (as cited in Fauziyyah, 2012, p.4) a qualitative method has the natural setting as the direct source of the data and the researcher is the key instrument. Sugiyono (2013, p.1) adds that in the qualitative method, the main instrument is the researcher, the data are inductive and the result focuses on the meaning rather than generalization. The researcher is the one who analyzes the data descriptively and then presents the result in the form of explanation of words which will be supported by the data presented in the form of table. The researcher will describe the data based on facts about the object systematically and accurately (Suryana, 2010, p.14).

3.2 Source of Data

The source of this study is “Frozen” film produced by Walt Disney

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Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu Pictures.

The research will study the Bahasa Indonesia subtitle of this film, which originally in English.

3.2.1 Summary of “Frozen” film

In the kingdom of Arendelle, there is a princess who has the power of freezing and creating ice and snow. She has a little sister who loves to play with

her, Princess Anna. One day, Elsa accidentally hits Anna’s head with her power

and almost kills her. They never play together since then. Their parents die when their ship sinks in the ocean. Then, Elsa is crowned as the Queen of Arendelle three years later. In the Coronation Day, Anna meets Prince Hans and falls in love

immediately. Elsa refuses Anna and Hans’ plan to marry and loses control of her

freezing power. She sets Arendelle in a deep snow and flees up to the North mountain. Anna seeks out Elsa with the help from Kristoff – a peasant, his reindeer – Sven, and a snowman – Olaf. They go through a dangerous journey to bring back the summer. But, only true love which can save Arendelle and their lives.

3.3 Research Procedure

In this section the researcher will elaborate two parts, the first part refers to the procedure of data collection and the second part will refer to the procedure of data analysis.

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Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu The researcher collects the data by applying some stages:

1. Watching and observing the “Frozen” film;

2. Downloading the original script of the “Frozen” film and the Bahasa

Indonesia subtitle;

3. Dividing the scenes in the “Frozen” film and taking 39 scenes out of 78 scenes as the samples to be analyzed;

4. Writing down the list of the strategies employed in each diaogue in the selected scenes.

3.3.2 The Procedure of Data Analysis

The data gathered from data collection, then be analyzed through several stages:

1. Searching some theories related to the study from internet sources, jounals, books and the relevant research papers;

2. Reading Gottlieb’s theory of the strategy in subtitling film;

3. Classifying the data based on the language function theory by Newmark (1988);

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5. Classifying and listing the data based on Gottlieb’s subtitling strategies theory (1992);

No English Bahasa

Indonesia Function

Strategy 1 Strategy 2 Strategy 3 1 2 3 Elsa. Psst! Elsa! Wake up. Wake up. Wake up! Elsa. Psst! Elsa! Bangun, bangun, bangun. Expressive Expressive Vocative Imitation Imitation Transfer Transfer

6. Asking a counterpart who is a translating student to make a second opinion related to the identification and classification of the strategies employed in the translation;

7. Calculating total number and percentage of each translating strategy which

occurs in the subtitle translation of “Frozen” film using this formula:

P = Percentage

F = Frequency of subtitling strategies

N = Total number of samples

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Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu 9. Describing and interpreting the findings;

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Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu CHAPTER V

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

This chapter summarizes the result of the research and provides the suggestions for the future research related to the similar topic.

5.1Conclusions

After analyzing and classifying the strategies employed in the translation of “Frozen” movie subtitle. The conlussions are the most frequent strategies employed in the translation of “Frozen” movie subtitle was Paraphrase with the percentage 52,94%. This result corresponds to the fact that the viewers are mostly children. Thus, paraphrase is employed to make the meaning easier to understand.

The second frequent strategies employed in the translation of “Frozen”

movie subtitle was Transfer with the percentage 13,93%. In this film, Disney realizes that their main target are children, so the film maker often makes the simple dialogue, for example, “Bye, Sven!” which can be appropriately translated using the transfer strategy into “Dah, Sven!”

The third frequent strategies employed in the translation of “Frozen”

movie subtitle was Imitation with the percentage 13,47%. This result appears because there are many proper names are mentioned in this film, such as, characters’ name and places. The proper names are translated using imitation

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The fourth frequent strategies employed in the translation of “Frozen” movie subtitle was Deletion with the percentage 12,85%. In this film, there are some word repetitions, word fillers, and question tags which can be deleted without eliminating the value of the meaning.

The fifth frequent strategies employed in the translation of “Frozen” movie subtitle was Condensation with the percentage 4,18%. The translator found that there are some words which can be omitted when reconstructing the translation without losing the essence of the sentences. Thus, the condensation is employed.

The sixth frequent strategies employed in the translation of “Frozen” movie subtitle was Resignation with the percentage 1,08%. Resignation is employed when there is no equivalent word found in TL. In this film, there are few words which culturally found in SL but unusual in TL, such as “troll” and

“unicorn”.

The seventh frequent strategies employed in the translation of “Frozen” movie subtitle was Decimation with the percentage 0,77%, the translator rarely uses this strategy, the omission words are mostly belong to condensation strategy.

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transcription, the film has 2 dialogue with Old Norse Language to give the sacred feeling in Coronation Day, then the language should be transcripted.

Lastly, the ninth frequent strategies employed in the translation of “Frozen” movie subtitle were Dislocation with the percentage 0,15%. Dislocation only appears once in the film.

Further, after analyzing the quality of the translation it is found that the “Frozen” movie subtitle was considered as Good translation with the score 3.86. Overall, as Barnwell (1996) has stated, the translation have correct and clear meaning and minimum redundancy. The translation also used appropriate words, phrases, grammar, and idioms, despite some less accurate, clear and natural translations. The criteria of a good translation according to Massoud (1988) are easily understood, fluent and smooth. A good translation also distinguishes between the metaphorical and the literal and reconstructs the cultural context of the original. In conclusion, doing translation is challenging, the translator should have a good knowledge about translating and a good comprehension in both source language (SL) and target languange (TL). Moreover, it will be better if the translators already have many experience in translating, so they know well what strategies should employ.

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After obtaining the conclusios, the researcher would like to propose some suggestions. First, in translating the subtitle, the translator should employ the right strategies in order to get the equivalent meaning. The translator needs to consider the target viewers and their cultural background. Second, the translators should pay attention to the accuracy, clarity, and naturaless to produce a good quality of translation. Lastly, judging quality is difficult, the assessors need to have a good understanding about the translating theoritically and practically, and are well-grounded indeed.

The researcher hopes that this research could contribute something to all readers, especially those who have interest in translating area, and it will be useful for further research in the similar topic.

5.3 Limitations of Study

The researcher realizes that this conclussion of the research may not be fully accurate because judging quality of translation is difficult and challenging. The researcher has a limited knowledge of the translating since the researcher only gets the knowledge during the translating class and lack of experience.

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