THE QUALITY OF HENDRO DARSONO’S
TRANSLATION OF ENGLISH QUOTATIONS
IN ENGLISH PROVERBS AND QUOTATIONS
AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS
Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra
in English Letters
By
MINA RAKHMAWATI
Student Number: 034214010
ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAMME DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS
FACULTY OF LETTERS SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY
iv
This thesis is dedicated to
the memory of my late father,
my beloved mother and brothers,
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
First of all, I would like to thank the Almighty Allah SWT for His love and blessings throughout my life. My struggle in finishing this thesis has been a
long, hard one. Without the guidance and strength He had given me, I could not
have finished this thesis.
Next, I would like to thank my advisor, Dr. Francis Borgias Alip, M.Pd, M.A, for giving me his utmost time, attention and support in making this thesis possible. I am deeply grateful for his patience, which had enabled me to continue
working on my thesis despite various obstacles. I also thank my co-advisor,
Adventina Putranti, S.S., M.Hum., for his/her valuable inputs and corrections for my thesis.
My deepest gratitude also goes to my late father, H. Zaini Mustafa, and my mother, Hj. Siti Asiah. Thank you for your never-ending love, prayers, and patience. I would also thank my elder brothers, Zaqqi and Baihaqi, for their support, protection, and jokes that make my life more cheerful.
My special thanks go to all Sanata Dharma University English Letters
Department students, especially from the class of 2003. Even though we have all
gone our separate ways now, I have had many great memories of the moments we
shared together. My appreciation also goes to all the staff in English Letters
Department, the Faculty of Letters, and Sanata Dharma University library for their
vi
Last but not least, I would like to thank my beloved husband and child for
being the most precious things in my life. Thanks for being a shoulder to cry on
and a hand to hold on, and for giving me their unconditional love.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE ... i
APPROVAL PAGE ... ii
ACCEPTANCE PAGE ... iii
DEDICATION PAGE ... iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ... v
LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI ... vii
STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY ... viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ... ix
LIST OF TABLES ... xi
ABSTRACT ... xii
ABSTRAK ... xiii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ... 1
A. Background of the Study ... 1
B. Problem Formulation ... 3
C. Objectives of the Study ... 4
D. Research Benefits ... 4
E. Definition of Terms ... 5
CHAPTER II THEORETICAL REVIEW ... 6
A. Review of Related Studies ... 6
B. Review of Related Theories ... 9
C. Theoretical Framework ... 18
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY ... 20
A. Object of the Study ... 20
B. Approach of the Study ... 21
C. Method of the Study ... 22
D. Data Collection ... 23
E. Data Analysis ... 23
CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS ... 25
A. The Quality of Hendro Darsono’s Translation of English Quotations in English Proverbs and Quotations ... 25
1. The Very Good Translation ... 26
2. The Good Translation ... 32
3. The Fair Translation ... 39
B. The Weaknesses of Hendro Darsono’s Translation of English Quotations in English Proverbs and Quotations ... 58
1. The Very Good Translation ... 59
2. The Good Translation ... 61
x
CHAPTERV CONCLUSION ... 67 BIBLIOGRAPHY ... 70
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. Translation Evaluation Criteria ... 14
Table 2. Translation Evaluation Scoring Indicators ... 17
Table 3. Modified Translation Evaluation Scoring Indicators ... 18
Table 4. Modified Translation Quality Categories ... 26
xii
ABSTRACT
MINA RAKHMAWATI (2011). The Quality of Hendro Darsono’s Translation of English Quotations in English Proverbs and Quotations. Yogyakarta: Department of English Letters, Faculty of Letters, Sanata Dharma University.
This study aims to analyze the quality of Hendro Darsono’s translation of English quotations into Indonesian in his book entitled English Proverbs and Quotations. This topic is formulated into two questions, namely about how the quality of Hendro Darsono’s translation of English quotations is and what the weaknesses of Hendro Darsono’s translation are.
This study uses theories of translation and translation quality assessment from many sources, such as Larson, Baker, Nida and Taber, and Machali. This study uses the library research method, with the data comprised of 100 quotations translated by Darsono in his book. The data were analyzed using Machali’s translation quality assessment indicators, but the scoring range was adjusted by the writer.
The results of the study can be divided into two parts, which correspond to the two questions in the problem formulation. Firstly, the translation quality assessment reveals that 67 data (67%) come under the Very Good Translation category, 26 data (26%) come under the Good Translation category, and 7 data (7%) come under the Fair Translation category. There is no data under the Poor Translation category. The average score is 13.69 out of 16. In other words, in general, the quality of Darsono’s translation can be categorized as very good.
ABSTRAK
MINA RAKHMAWATI (2011). The Quality of Hendro Darsono’s Translation of English Quotations in English Proverbs and Quotations. Yogyakarta: Jurusan Sastra Inggris, Fakultas Sastra, Universitas Sanata Dharma.
Studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kualitas terjemahan kutipan-kutipan berbahasa Inggris ke dalam bahasa Indonesia oleh Hendro Darsono dalam bukunya yang berjudul English Proverbs and Quotations. Topik ini dirumuskan ke dalam dua pertanyaan, yakni bagaiman kualitas terjemahan kutipan-kutipan berbahasa Inggris karya Hendro Darsono dan apa saja kelemahan-kelemahan terjemahan Hendro Darsono.
Studi ini menggunakan teori tentang terjemahan dan penilaian kualitas terjemahan dari berbagai sumber, antara lain oleh Larson, Baker, Nida dan Taber, serta Machali. Studi ini menggunakan metodologi studi pustaka, dengan data yang terdiri dari 100 kutipan yang diterjemahkan oleh Darsono di bukunya. Data tersebut dianalisa menggunakan indikator-indikator penilaian kualitas terjemahan Machali, namun dengan kisaran angka nilai yang dimodifikasi oleh penulis.
Hasil studi ini dapat dibagi menjadi dua bagian yang menjawab masing-masing rumusan masalah. Hasil pertama, berdasarkan penilaian kualitas terjemahan, 67 data (67%) berada dalam kategori Sangat Baik, 26 data (26%) berada dalam kategori Baik, dan 7 data (7%) berada dalam kategori Cukup. Tidak ada data yang berada dalam kategori Buruk. Nilai rata-rata yang diperoleh seluruh data ialah 13,69 dari 16. Dengan kata lain, secara umum, kualitas terjemahan Darsono tergolong sangat baik.
1
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study
As human beings keep achieving progress in many aspects of life, there
have been increasing demands towards various written materials from other
countries, such as literary works, educational materials, instructional books, guide
books, and many others. Many of those foreign materials are written in languages
which are different from the readers’ language. In order to make those books
understandable for local readers, they need to be translated into the readers’ own
language. The most responsible person in translating into the target language is
the translator. Therefore, the translator must possess good knowledge in both
languages as he/she is responsible for the content and the quality of translation, as
suggested by Larson in the following quotation.
Nowadays, we have come to the globalization era in which the communication among people all over the world has been intensifying. To understand, appreciate, and learn wisdom from other cultures, people need to know and translate the languages of other cultures into their own language. In the process of translation, the translators deal with the linguistic and sociolinguistic factors involved translating a text from a source language into a receptor language (Larson, 1984: 6).
There are particular standards in translating a text. A translator is
demanded to provide the best translation, namely the translation that meet the
standards. According to Larson, a piece of translation can be considered the best
translation if it meets three criteria. Firstly, the translation uses the normal
meaning that was understood by the source language speakers as the one
understood by the target language speakers as much as possible. Thirdly, it
maintains the dynamics of the original source language text. Maintaining the
“dynamics” of the original source text means that the translation is presented in
such a way that it will, hopefully, evoke the same responses as the source text
attempted to evoke (1984: 6). Other sources might mention different sets of
criteria from the ones mentioned by Larson, but basically, a piece of translation
have to meet to some kinds of standards in order to communicate the meaning
successfully.
The book English Proverbs and Quotations, as suggested by the title,
contains famous proverbs and quotations in English along with their meanings in
Indonesian. The proverbs and quotations in the book were taken from authors,
scientists, philosophers, artists, politicians, and other sources, besides the
anonymous ones. The proverbs and quotations were compiled and translated into
Indonesian by Hendro Darsono. This book can be categorized as a non-fiction
book, to be precise an educational book about the English language. The target
audience of the book is English learners at beginner level in Indonesia, especially
those who want to learn more about common English proverbs and quotations.
Therefore, Hendro Darsono translated the proverbs and quotations into simple
Indonesian.
This undergraduate study focuses on the quality of Hendro Darsono’s
translation in English Proverbs and Quotations. At a glance, the translation in this
long novels or textbooks. However, the translation quality in this book plays an
important role, considering that the book is targeted at Indonesian readers who are
learning English at the beginner level. If the translation quality is generally good,
the meaning of the text is communicated well, which will help the readers
improve their understanding of English. On the contrary, if the translation quality
is generally poor, the meaning of the text might not be communicated well and the
readers might not be able to learn a lot from the book.
This book is interesting to analyze because in fact, not all aspects of the
source text can be translated satisfactorily. In this study, the writer conducts an
analysis and evaluation of the 100 quotations from the book. The translation is
analyzed based on theories of translation, which is one of the subjects from the
field of linguistics. The results are then evaluated and categorized according to
several criteria. Based on the analysis and evaluation, this study also features
recommendations related to the quality of Hendro Darsono’s translation in
English Proverbs and Quotations.
B. Problem Formulation
In order to guide and limit the discussion, the topic has been formulated
into two following questions.
1. How is the translation quality of Hendro Darsono’s translation of English
quotations in English Proverbs and Quotations?
2. What are the weaknesses of Hendro Darsono’s translation of English
C. Objectives of the Study
Based on the problems formulation above, there are two objectives of
this study. The first objective is to assess the quality of Hendro Darsono’s
translation. This stage is important to measure the correctness and accuracy of the
target language used in each quotation. The second objective is to evaluate the
translation results by counting the score for each category based on the standards.
Thus, the writer can draw conclusion about the quality of translation.
D. Research Benefits
This study has some potential benefits. For instance, the results of this
study are expected to give some contribution to those interested in translation,
such as English language teachers and English learners, in evaluating the output
quality of the translation.
From the practical aspect, the results of the study can be used as a
reference for English learners who want to explore more about translation studies,
especially in terms of the ways to translate proverbs as well as the quality of
translation. The English learners who are interested in translation studies may use
this reference to elaborate their specific interest.
For the writer, this study is required to develop her skills and knowledge
and to improve her competence in English translation. Also, completing this study
is one of the requirements for the Sarjana Sastra Degree in the English Letters
E. Definition of Terms
This part contains the definition of specific key terms which are used in
this study. There are three terms to be defined in this section.
1. Accuracy
In the subject of translation, the term accuracy refers to “the correct
transfer of information and evidence of complete comprehension” (Munday,
2001: 30). Thus, an accurate translation can transfer information from one
language to another and demonstrate complete comprehension of the information.
2. Translation
Catford defines translation as “the replacement of textual material in one
language (Source Language or SL) by equivalent textual material in another
language (Target Language or TL)” (1965: 20). Translation consists of several
steps, namely studying the lexicon, grammatical structure, communication
situation, and cultural context of the source language text, analyzing it in order to
determine its meaning and then reconstructing this same meaning using the
lexicon and grammatical structure that are appropriate in the receptor language
and its cultural context (Larson, 1984: 3).
3. Quotation
Quotation is “a phrase or short piece of writing taken from a longer work
CHAPTER II
THEORETICAL REVIEW
This chapter consists of three parts, namely review on related studies,
review on related theories, and theoretical framework. The first part covers brief
description of other studies which are relevant to this study. The second part
covers several theories about translation that can support the analysis in this study.
Lastly, the theoretical framework aims to show how the aforementioned theories
are employed to analyze the data in this study.
A. Review on Related Studies
In order to support this study, the writer tries to find previous studies
which are related to the topics discussed in this study. The writer finds two related
studies which will be discussed here. Both studies are taken from the Sanata
Dharma University's English Letters Study Programme Sarjana Sastra thesis.
The first related study is entitled “Translation Quality Assessment on the
Accuracy, Naturalness and Acceptability of the Translation of Leo Tolstoy's
‘After the Dance’ into ‘Setelah Pesta Dansa’ by Anton Kurnia”. It was written by
Diah Puspitaratri. In this study, Diah Puspitaratri analyzes the quality of the
Indonesian translation of Leo Tolstoy's prose “After the Dance”. The quality
assessment is done by using three criteria, namely accuracy, naturalness, and
acceptability (especially related to target culture and norms). This study uses
from Tolstoy's “After the Dance” as the Source Language text and Anton Kurnia's
“Setelah Pesta Dansa” as the Target Language text, while the affective data was
collected from respondents' questionnaire results.
As the result of the study, after the analysis of Anton Kurnia's Indonesian
translation of Tolstoy's “After the Dance”, the accuracy level achieves “a low
score of 1.76”, the naturalness level achieves “a quite satisfying score of 1.30”,
while for the acceptability, the text does not undergo "any worthy analysis" and
“does not face any particular discussion on the criterion of the acceptability”
(Puspitaratri, 2010: 230-231). Therefore, Anton Kurnia's translation can be
considered as “an inaccurate, natural, and accepted translation” (2010: 231).
The second related study is entitled “Inaccuracies Related with the
Translation Strategies and the Translation Competence in Translating James
Joyce's Araby”. It was written by Gregorius Prima Putra Sanjaya. In this study,
Sanjaya analyzes the inaccuracies of the Indonesian translation of James Joyce's
short story entitled “Araby”. The inaccuracies are then analyzed in terms of
translation strategies and translation competence. This study also employs library
research and field research methodology. The objective data was collected from
Joyce's “Araby” as the Source Language text and Wawan Yulianto's Indonesian
translation as the Target Language text, while the affective data was collected
from three respondents.
As the result of the study, Wawan Yulianto's translation of “Araby”
achieves the accuracy score of 3.04 or 76%, with 25 inaccuracies found in the
literal translation strategy, 1 was translated with combination of broadening and
lexical calque, 1 with descriptive equivalent and 1 with transliteration (2010: 53).
The two related studies above have some similarities and differences to
this study about Darsono's translation. The similarity between this study and
Puspitaratri's study is found in the topic, namely discussing translation quality.
While the similarity between this study and Sanjaya's study is found in the field of
linguistics, namely translation study, to be precise translation assessment.
On the other hand, the differences between this study and Puspitaratri's
study are found in the type of object of study and the criteria used in the study.
The object of Puspitaratri's study is a fictional literary work, namely prose, while
the object of this study is quotations taken from famous people or famous sayings.
The criteria used in Puspitaratri's study are the accuracy, naturalness and
acceptability of the translation, whereas the criteria used in this study are the
accuracy and terminology of the translation, with the accuracy further divided into
three aspects (linguistic, semantic, and pragmatics).
The differences between this study and Sanjaya's study are found in the
type of object of study, the specific topic and criteria used in the study. The object
of Sanjaya's study is also a fictional literary work, namely short story, while the
object of this study is famous quotations. Sanjaya's study focuses on the
inaccuracies of the translation, whereas this study begins with the assessment of
translation quality first, then continues with the weaknesses of the translation,
with inaccuracies as one of the weaknesses of the translation. In Sanjaya's study,
translation competence of the author, while in this study, the weaknesses
(including inaccuracies) of the translation are examined based on three aspects,
namely linguistic, semantic, and pragmatics.
In conclusion, this study develops the previous related studies, to be
precise by applying translation quality assessment on an object of study which is
outside the scope of literary works, namely everyday sayings or quotations, and
also by using different theory regarding the criteria of translation quality.
B. Review of Related Theories
In analyzing the translation, the writer uses some theories to support the
understanding of the analysis.
1. The Definitions of Translation
According to Newmark (1981: 7), translation is a craft consisting in the
attempt to replace a written message and / or statement in one language by the
same message and or statement in another language. Therefore, the nature of
translation is placed on the message itself, no matter how long the words are.
Translation is conceived as a process of transference based on the
criterion of equivalence. Not only meaning be transferred as in the generality of
communicational transactions but it has to be assessed in term of equivalence or
of a converting norm (Hewson and Martin, 1991: 35-36).
Translation is a dual act of communication. It presupposes the existence,
not of the single code, but of two distinct codes, the “source language” and the
2. Theory on Translation
A study focuses on criterion for accessing the acceptability or even the
quality of a translation done by the native speaker of the TL (Pokorn, 2005: ix).
As the findings, it is stated that native English speakers are not always able to
identify inverse translations. The assumption that every native speaker is able to
rapidly detect any non-member of his/her linguistic community, when confronted
only with a written document, has no solid foundation. On the other hand,
translations into a non-mother tongue are often regarded as acceptable by the
target readership, with the degree of acceptability depending on the individual
capacities of the translator” (2005: 117).
According to Larson (1984: 3), translation is transferring the meaning of
the source language into the receptor language by going from the form of the first
language to the form of a second language by way of semantic structure.
As said by Larson in Meaning Based Translation: A Guide to Cross
Language Equivalence, a good translation is the one which a) uses the normal
language forms of the target language, b) communicates, as much as possible, to
target language speaker the same meaning that was understood by the speaker of
the source language, and c) maintains the dynamics of the original source
language text (1984: 6)
Catford in A linguistic Theory of Translation distinguished
untranslatability into two categories, namely linguistic and cultural
untranslatability. Linguistic untranslatability is due to the absence in the TL
A translation can communicate its messages and a measure of that is the
acceptability of the text. Acceptability is text receiver’s response (Hatim, 2001:
17). As cited in Hatim, Toury states that what should be addressed instead in a
translation is whether and to what extent the translation is ‘acceptable’. The
translations which tend towards the ‘acceptability’ pole may be thought of as
fulfilling the dream of ‘reading as on original’ (2001:147).
Translation is not a simple work. It requires mastery of many skills. This
is admitted by Larson and Smalley pointing out that translation is a sophisticated,
advanced linguistic skill, not something for beginners. Translation not only
requires a good knowledge of two languages, but special training and experience
... (in Widyamartaya, 1989).
Larson (1984) mentioned two main kinds of translation, namely
form-based and meaning-form-based kinds of translation. What was mentioned above is the
form-based translation in contrary to meaning-based translation. According to
Larson (1984), translation is basically a change of form. Larson further points out
that the form of language is the actual words, phrases, clauses, sentences,
paragraphs, and passages which are spoken or written. These forms are called the
surface structure of a language. In translation, the form of the source language is
replaced by the form of the receptor (target) language.
Larson states that translation consists of studying the lexicon, grammatical
structure, communication situation, and cultural context of the source language
text, analyzing it in order to determine its meaning, and then restructuring this
in the Receptor (Target) Language and its cultural context. The process is
presented in Diagram 1.
Diagram I: The Process of Translation
SOURCE LANGUAGE
Discover the meaning
TARGET LANGUAGE
Re-express the meaning
(Larson, 1984: 4)
Similarly, Bell (1991) explains that the translation process in terms of the
nature of equivalence. According to Bell, translation is the replacement of a
representation of a text in one language by a representation of an equivalent text
in a second language. He also emphasizes the importance of realizing that
languages are different from each other; they are different in form having distinct
Text to be translated
MEANING
codes and rules regulating the construction of grammatical stretches of language
and these forms have different meanings.
Baker (1992) also points out that translators are primarily concerned with
communicating the overall meaning of a stretch of language. She further states
that to achieve this, we need to start by decoding the units and structures, which
carry that meaning. Baker admits that translators often deal with the problem of
non-equivalence, which poses difficulties for the translators for dealing with them.
The importance of closest natural equivalence in translation is also
emphasized by Nida and Taber (1974). They point out that translating consists in
reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the
source-language message, firstly in terms of meaning, and secondly in terms of style.
They further state that the best translation does not sound like a translation.
Meaning must be given priority and style is secondary to content.
The history of translation theory can in fact be imagined as a set of
changing relationship between the relative autonomy of the translated text, or
translation’s action, and two other concepts: equivalence and function.
Equivalence has been understood as “accuracy”, ”adequacy”, “correctness”,
“correspondence”, “fidelity”, or “identity”.
To create a dialectical relationship between the theory and practice of
translation and to establish a good standard, the translation needs to be evaluated
(Machali, 2000). She proposes the use of the following table criteria to judge the
Table 1 : Translation Evaluation Criteria
Aspect Criteria
A. Meaning Reproduction Accuracy 1. Linguistic aspect
(a) transposition (b) modulation (c) lexicon (d) idiom
2. Semantic aspect (a) referential meaning
(b) interpersonal meaning (i) language style
(ii) other interpersonal aspect
3. Pragmatic aspect (a) Text type equivalence (b) Meaning ordering at
sentence level on the text.
Clear, accurate, and natural
Deviating? (local/total) Changing? (local/total)
Deviating?
(local/total) Not in harmony
B. Terminology Correct, standard, and clear (Machali, 2000: 116)
Note for Evaluation Criteria of Table 1:
a. Local means related to some sentences compare to the whole sentences of
the text (percentage).
b. Total means related to 75% or more compare to the whole sentences.
c. Natural means properly and nor awkward (sometimes literal translation
could be awkward and nor natural)
d. Deviation means always show mistakes, and not for changing (example:
the changing of language style)
From the theory above, we can see that the estimation of translation can be
terminology, and which depend on the writer’s view. The data analysis will be
conducted based on Macali's criteria, namely:
a. Meaning reproduction accuracy
1. Linguistic aspect: Linguistic means “the systematic study of the elements
of language and the principles governing their combination and
organization” (Abrams, 1999: 140). Thus, the linguistic aspect is the
aspect that involves the elements of language and the principles
governing their combination and organization.
(a) Transposition: the strategy to replace one word class with a
different word class without changing the meaning of the words
themselves (Vinay and Darbelnet, 2000: 89).
(b) Modulation: the strategy to vary the form of message by changing
the perspective or point of view. This strategy is applied if the
literal translation is unsuitable or unnatural for the TL equivalence
although it is grammatically correct (Vinay and Darbelnet, 2000:
90).
(c) Lexicon: the part of the grammar that contains the knowledge
speakers have about the individual words and morpheme, including
semantic properties. Lexicon also means the meaning which we
found in the dictionary.
(d) Idiom: fixed phrases with meaning that cannot be inferred from the
2. Semantic aspect: Semantic aspect refers to the meanings of text and
covers referential meaning and interpersonal meaning (Malachi, 2000:
116). This aspect includes two kinds of meaning, namely referential
meaning and interpersonal meaning.
(a) Referential meaning is the basic meaning of a word.
(b) Interpersonal meaning is a language style in a communication
between two or more people.
3. Pragmatic aspect: Pragmatic aspect can be defined as the way utterances
are used in communication and the way they are interpreted in context
(Baker, 1992: 218).
(a) Text type equivalence is a way to equal the text type include the
aim or the purpose of the text.
(b) Meaning ordering at sentence level means the proper order of the
meaning in sentences whether it is harmony or not.
b. Terminology
The criteria used in analyzing the terminologies in the receptor language
are correct, standard, and clear. Based on the criteria above, the writer will judge
the accuracy of translation output and then determine the kind of the translation
output. The following table shows us about the score measurement for the data.
Each range of score has its own scoring category. The writer later has his/ her own
Table 2 : Translation Evaluation Scoring Indicators
Category Score Indicator
Almost Perfect Translation 86 – 90 (A) It sounds not like a translation, no deviance of grammar, no wrong term used.
Very Good Translation 76 – 85 (B) There is no distortion of meaning, no literal translation, there are one or two wrong grammar.
Good Translation 61 – 75 (C) There is no distortion in meaning, but there is literal translation less than 15% of the whole text.
Good Enough Translation 46 – 60 (D) There is literal translation less than 25% of the whole text. Bad Translation 20 – 45 (E) It sounds like translation. There
are many literal translations more than 25% of the text. There are many wrong terms used in the text.
(Machali, 2000: 119 - 120)
To evaluate Hendro Darsono’s translation of English quotations, the writer
uses a modified version of Machali’s translation evaluation scoring indicators
shown above. The writer’s modification applies the same basic indicators as
Machali’s original evaluation scoring system; the only difference lies in the
scoring range. The writer modifies Machali’s original scoring range into smaller
scale, so it will be easier to evaluate and assess the quality of translation. The
modified score ranges from 1 (as the lowest score) to 4 (as the highest score) for
each criterion, depending on how far the translation can fulfill the particular
score, or 0% translation quality) to 16 (as the highest score, or 100% translation
quality). Following is the modified scoring indicators.
Table 3 : Modified Translation Evaluation Scoring Indicators Category Score Indicator
Very Good Translation 13 -16 (A) It sounds not like a translation, no deviance of grammar, no wrong term used. It is a perfect translation.
Good Translation 9 - 12 (B) There is no distortion of meaning, no literal translation, there are one or two wrong grammar.
Sufficient Translation 5 - 8 (C) There is no distortion in meaning, but there is literal translation less than 15% of the whole text.
Poor Translation 1 - 4 (D) There is literal translation less than 25% of the whole text.
Every category has its own indicator. The indicator used in this measurement is
the same as Machali’s indicator. The differences are on the name of the category
and the score. With this new measurement table, the writer hopes that the
evaluation process will be easier and more accurate in order to show the real
quality of the translation.
C. Theoretical Framework
There are two theories that will be used to help the writer to analyze the
The nature of translation will help the writer to describe the meaning of
translation itself in order to get the real explanation about the translation based on
some linguistic books.
Theory on translation is very helpful to answer the problem formulations.
This part consists of the kind of translations, the process of translation, and the
criteria to evaluate how good the translation is. From this theory, later the writer
gives the conclusion about the translation translated in Hendro Darsono’s book.
In analyzing the each problem formulated, the writer uses the theory from
Machali about the criteria to evaluate the text. This theory is used to analyze the
quality of the translation. This theory conveys the criteria of the quality, the range
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
The study focuses on the analysis of the output of quotation translation
from English into Indonesian languages. Chapter III Methodology includes object
of the study, approach of the study, and method of the study. Object of the study
describes the materials or data of the study and the way the data are collected.
Approach of the study is related to the way of approaching the problems
formulated in the study, while method of the study is concerned with the
procedure of analysis carried out to find out the results of analysis.
A. Object of the Study
The writer has chosen the book entitled English Proverbs and Quotations
composed by Hendro Darsono (2003) as the object of the study. In this study, the
writer uses the fifth edition that is published in 2007. The book contains complete
texts of Source and Receptor languages. There are about 300 proverbs and 100
quotations. The writer focuses on 100 quotations enlisted in the appendix of this
thesis. In the first part of the analysis, the writer analyzes the quality of Hendro
Darsono’s translation based on their quality category. The writer decided English
Proverbs and Quotations composed by Hendro Darsono because the book is
interesting by the reason that the author of the book did not have English basic
into Indonesian language. Therefore, it is possible that some misinterpretations
occur in the translation process.
B. Approach of the Study
Translation is a part of linguistic field that is very sensitive to be analyzed
because it conveys meaning from the two different languages, especially for
quotation translation. In analyzing quotation translation, the writer needs a bridge
to relate the translation and the theories to make them useful in the process of
analyzing, and it is called an approach.
For this study, the writer uses the Universalist approach (Hewson and
Martin, 1991:34). The Universalist approach is based on an extension of the
economic concept of contractual transaction. This notion normally comprises two
sides necessarily representing different positions (the two languages united by the
translation process) and an act of conciliation of their respective claims, the
contract (the translation), regulating their mutual relationships and supplying their
basis for further transactions. Translation, as a particular form of contract, is an
agreement between the two LCs (Language Cultures) involved to transfer
signification on a common convertibility basis in so far as it is not detrimental to
the specific differences between cultures.
It is an appropriate approach to be employed in this study because the
Universalist approach does not need a specific criterion in the process of
translation. It is the same case in the quotation translation that does not employ
to be endowed with two characteristic language features and common universal
properties.
C. Method of the Study
In this study, the writer uses library research to collect the data sources.
The main source of this study is English Proverbs and Quotations by Hendro
Darsono. The other sources also come from the websites. The books searched
from the library are used to find the theory for this study. The writer read some
linguistic books especially about translation to get the core for the study. The
books for the theories are Meaning –based Translation: A Guide to Cross
Language Equivalence by Mildred L. Larson (1984), In Other Words: A Course
Book on Translation by Mona Baker (1992), The Theory and Practice of
Translation by Eugene A. Nida and Charles R. Taber (1974), etc. The source
about translation from the websites is www.accurapid.com.
In creating this study, he writer uses some steps to be applied. The first
step is reading the Hendro Darsono’s book to discover the idea of what the writer
will discuss for the study. After discovering the topic, then the writer searched
some linguistic books especially those which are related to translation to find the
theories on translation. The next step is analyzing the translation through the
theories based on the problem formulations formulated to get the point of the
quality of the translation. The last step is making conclusion based on the analysis
D. Data Collection
Before the writer analyzes the accuracy of the translation, the writer
should collect the data first. The writer chooses the book first which is the most
interested to analyzed, and the writer decides that Hendro Darsono’s book is the
appropriate one to be analyzed. Hendro Darsono’s book contains many of
translation of proverbs and quotations, but for this thesis the writer decides 100
quotations that will be analyzed as the representation of Hendro Darsono’s work.
E. Data Analysis
The data which are analyzed in this study are taken from Hendro Darsono’s
book English Proverbs and Quotations. The data are in the form of 100
quotations which have been translated from English to Indonesian by Darsono.
These data are analyzed based on Machali’s four criteria of translation quality
assessment, namely linguistic aspects, semantic aspects, pragmatic aspects, and
terminology. Machali’s criteria are used, along with other theories reviewed in the
second chapter, as the foundations to analyze and assess the data.
A modified version of Machali’s scoring process is used in the study. The
writer made an adjusment in the range of scoring. Machali’s original range of
scores span between 20 to 90; with such a high range of score, it would be
difficult to give scores to the data. Therefore, the writer adjusted the range of
scores from 1 to 16 instead. Each piece of data is assessed and given scores
ranging from 1 (as the lowest score) to 4 (as the highest score) for each criterion,
are four criteria, a piece of translation that perfectly fulfills all criteria gets the
score of 16.
The writer did the evaluation and scoring herself because the writer did not
apply questioner method to evaluate the translation quality. So, the evaluation and
25
CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS
This chapter consists of two parts of analysis where the writer tries to
analyze the two questions formulated in the problem formulations. In the first
part, the writer wants to analyze the quality of Hendro Darsono’s translation.
While in the second part, the writer wants to study about the weaknesses of each
quotation translation that he made.
A. The Quality of Hendro Darsono’s Translation of English Quotations
In this part, the writer conducts assessment on the quality of translation in
Hendro Darsono’s book entitled English Proverbs and Quotation. In this book,
Darsono translates quotations from English as the Source Language (SL) into
Indonesian as the Target Language (TL).
There are a total of 100 data taken from Darsono’s book. These data are
analyzed using Machali’s four criteria of translation quality assessment, namely
linguistic, semantic, and pragmatic aspects (which together form the accuracy of
translation), as well as terminology (Machali, 2000: 116). Then each data is
assessed and given scores ranging from 1 (as the lowest score) to 4 (as the highest
score) for each criterion, depending on how far the translation can fulfill the
particular criterion.
Based on the assessment, the scores for each data are summed up and
evaluation scoring indicators as discussed in Chapter II. Those categories are Very
Good Translation for data with total scores between 13 - 16, Good Translation for
data with scores between 9 - 12, Fair Translation for data with scores between
5-8, and lastly Poor Translation for data with scores between 1 - 4. From the 100
data, 67 are under the Very Good Translation category, 26 are under the Good
Translation category, 7 are under the Fair Translation category, and there is no
data under the Poor Translation category, as shown in the table below.
Table 4: Modified Translation Quality Categories
Category Score Range Total numbers of data
Very Good Translation 13 – 16 67
Good Translation 9 – 12 26
Fair Translation 5 – 8 7
Poor Translation 1 – 4 0
In this part, only 5 data from each category are chosen as samples and
discussed. The discussion is divided into three sub-parts, corresponding to three of
the four categories: Very Good Translation, Good Translation, and Fair
Translation, since the Poor Translation category does not contain any data.
Meanwhile, the complete 100 data can be found in the Appendix of this study.
1. The Very Good Translation.
The Very Good Translation category is the dominant category with the
achieves scores between 13 and 16, which means the average score for each
criterion is 3.25 to 4. In other words, the translation quality is perfect or nearly
perfect. Following are 5 samples of data from this category.
No. Source Language Target Language
1 / Q7 Be ready when opportunity comes. Luck is the time when preparation and opportunity meet.
Bersiap-siaplah ketika kesempatan datang. Keberuntungan adalah saat ketika persiapan dan kesempatan bertemu.
Score: 16
Linguistic aspect refers to “the systematic study of the elements of
language and the principles governing their combination and organization”
(Abrams, 1999: 140). In the translation quality assessment, linguistic aspect
covers transposition, modulation, lexicon, and idiom (Malachi, 2000: 116). From
the linguistic aspect, there is no change or shift of meaning from SL to TL, and all
the definition of words in the TL can be understood perfectly, so there is no
problem with modulation and lexicon. The text does not undergo any change of
word class from SL to TL and does not contain any idiom, so there is no problem
with transposition and idiom. The score for linguistic aspect is 4.
Meanwhile, in the translation quality assessment, semantic aspect refers
to the meanings of text and covers referential meaning and interpersonal meaning
(Malachi, 2000: 116). From the semantic aspect, the context is appropriate to the
meaning of the quotation. The score for semantic aspect is 4.
Pragmatic aspect refers to the way utterances are used in communication
and the way they are interpreted in context (Baker, 1992: 218). This aspect is
aspect, since this is a quotation taken from famous sayings instead of direct
utterance in a conversation, the purpose of this text is clear, namely to advice the
reader about the importance of preparation. One of the proofs that this quotation
aims to give advicve to the readers is that the first sentence is written in
imperative voice, followed by a regular sentence to explain the reason behind the
imperative in the first sentence. The translator successfully catches the purpose of
the SL text and transfers it to the TL text. The score for pragmatic aspect is 4. The criterion of terminology refers to the correct, standard, and clear
usage of terms. This data does not contain any specific or complex terminologies.
The terminology used in the TL translation is good and contains no mistakes. The
score for terminology is 4. Therefore, after all the scores are summed up, this data gets a total score of 16.
No. Source Language Target Language
2 / Q21 Life is a series of experiences, each one of which makes us bigger, even though sometimes it is hard to realize this. For the world was built to develop character, and we must learn that the setbacks and grief which we endure help us in our march onward.
Kehidupan adalah serangkaian pengalaman, masing masing rangkaian pengalaman itu membuat kita menjadi lebih besar, meskipun terkadang sukar mewujudkannya. Karena dunia dibangun untuk mengembangkan karakter, dan kita harus mempelajari bahwa kemunduran dan kesedihan yang kita alami membantu kita dalam perjalanan ke depan.
Score: 15
From the linguistic aspect, there is no change of meaning from SL to TL,
easily understood and are in accordance with the dictionary meanings, so the
lexicon is good. The text undergoes transposition, because Darsono translates “it
is hard to realize this” in SL into “sukar mewujudkannya” in TL, instead of using
the exact same structure “itu sukar untuk mewujudkannya” or “adalah sukar untuk
mewujudkannya”. His transposition choice is good, because it sounds more
natural to the TL readers. The score for linguistic aspect is 4.
From the semantic aspect, there is a little distortion of meaning. In this
case, the original SL word “bigger” does not only refer to the comparative form of
“big” in the literal sense of size, but rather in the metaphorical sense. This is
supported by the sentence, which mentions about “experiences” which make us
“bigger”; of course experiences cannot make us increase in size, but probably they
can make us increase in knowledge, skills, attitude, and many other non-physical
attributes. When applied to literal size, the word “bigger” may have semantic
properties such as physical and concrete object, but in this case these semantic
properties cannot be applied. Therefore, the translation of “bigger” here is not
necessarily limited into “lebih besar” but can also incorporate “lebih baik” or
“berkembang”. Although they are not the exact literal translation, but they are
equivalent to the word “bigger” in this context. The score for semantic aspect is
3.
From the pragmatic aspect, it is very easy to understand the purpose of
the TL text. The translator successfully catches the purpose of the SL text and
terminology is 4. Therefore, after all the scores are summed up, this data gets a
total score of 15.
No. Source Language Target Language
3 / Q8
Desires creates the power Keinginan menciptakan kekuatan
Score: 16
From the linguistic aspect, there is no shift of meaning from SL to TL, so
there is no problem with modulation. The definition of words in the TL are easily
understood, so the lexicon is good. The text does not contain any transposition or
idiom. The score for linguistic aspect is 4.
From the semantic aspect, there is no distortion of meaning. For example,
the word “desires” can actually be translated into “nafsu” as well as “keinginan”,
but the word “nafsu” would have a more negative connotation associated with sex
or greed, while this quotation uses the word “desires” in a positive context.
Therefore, the translator chooses to translate it into “keinginan”, which is
appropriate. The score for semantic aspect is 4.
From the pragmatic aspect, it is very easy to understand the purpose of
the TL text. The translator successfully catches the purpose of the SL text and
transfers it to the TL text. The score for pragmatic aspect is 4. From the terminology, all the terms used here are easy to understand. The score for
terminology is 4. Therefore, after all the scores are summed up, this data gets a
No. Source Language Target Language
4 / Q35
A wise man will make more opportunities than he finds.
Orang bijaksana akan menciptakan lebih banyak kesempatan daripada yang ia dapatkan.
Score: 16
From the linguistic aspect, there is no shift of meaning from SL to TL, so
there is no problem with modulation. The definition of words in the TL are easily
understood and appropriate. Darsono translates “finds” into “dapatkan” even
though the common definition of “find” is “temukan”, but it does not change the
meaning of the utterance, so the lexicon is still considered good. The text
undergoes transposition, because Darsono translates “…than he finds” in SL into
“…daripada yang ia dapatkan” in TL instead of “…daripada ia dapatkan”. His
transposition choice is good, because it sounds more natural to the TL readers.
The score for linguistic aspect is 4.
From the semantic aspect, there is no distortion of meaning. The score
for semantic aspect is 4. From the pragmatic aspect, it is very easy to understand the purpose of the TL text. The translator successfully catches the purpose of the
SL text and transfers it to the TL text. The score for pragmatic aspect is 4. From the terminology, all the terms used here are easy to understand. The score for
terminology is 4. Therefore, after all the scores are summed up, this data gets a
No. Source Language Target Language
5 / Q90
Whenever you are confronted with an opponent, conquer him with love.
Kapanpun Anda berhadapan dengan musuh, taklukkanlah ia dengan cinta.
Score: 16
From the linguistic aspect, there is no change of meaning from SL to TL,
so there is no problem with modulation. The definition of words in the TL are
easily understood and appropriate, so the lexicon is good. Darsono transposes the
passive voice “you are confronted with an opponent” in SL into active voice
“Anda berhadapan dengan musuh” in TL. This transposition choice is good,
because “berhadapan dengan musuh” sounds more natural than “dihadapkan
dengan musuh” to the TL readers. The score for linguistic aspect is 4.
From the semantic aspect, there is no distortion of meaning. The score
for semantic aspect is 4. From the pragmatic aspect, it is very easy to understand the purpose of the TL text, namely to give an advice or wise words about the
power of love. The translator successfully catches the purpose of the SL text and
transfers it to the TL text. The score for pragmatic aspect is 4. From the terminology, all the terms used here are easy to understand. The score for
terminology is 4. Therefore, after all the scores are summed up, this data gets a
total score of 16.
2. The Good Translation
The Good Translation category is the second biggest category, with 26
data or 26% of the whole text. The data in this category achieve scores between 9
that the translation quality of data in this category is good. Following are 5
samples of data from this category.
No. Source Language Target Language
1 / Q16
I never knew the man who was good at making excuses who was good at anything else.
Saya tidak pernah mengenal orang yang pintar membuat alasan tetapi juga pintar dalam hal – hal lain.
Score: 12
From the linguistic aspect, the text undergoes a transposition in the
tenses. Even though the SL text is in past tense, the translator does not use time
marker indicating past such as “dulu” or “pernah” in the TL text. This is a good
decision, because it is not necessary to focus on the past tense. On the other hand,
this text undergoes a shift in lexicon which is not necessary. The translator
translates “…who was good at anything else” in SL into “…tetapi juga pintar
dalam hal-hal lain” in TL, thus changing the adjective clause in SL, which
functions to give additional information about the noun phrase “the man”, into
“tetapi”, a word that suggests contradiction in TL. The score for linguistic aspect
is 3.
From the semantic aspect, this translation also violates the semantic rule
about referential meaning, or “the basic meaning of a word” (Machiali, 2000:
119). The word “tetapi” suggests a sense of contradiction, which is not found in
the SL text, whereas “yang juga” would be closer in meaning to the SL text. The
score for semantic aspect is 3. From the pragmatic aspect, the purpose of the TL text can still generally be understood. But the purpose is not perfectly
pragmatic aspect is 3. From the terminology, the terms used here are generally correct, clear, and easy to understand except for the unneccessary TL word
“tetapi”. The score for terminology is 3. Therefore, after all the scores are summed up, this data gets a total score of 12.
No. Source Language Target Language
2 / Q14
I have not failed. I’ve just found 10,000 ways that don’t work.
Saya belum gagal. Saya menemukan 10.000 cara yang tidak berhasil.
Score: 12
From the linguistic aspect, there is no problem with modulation,
transposition, or idiomatic expression. However, there is a problem with lexicon
because the translator translates “I’ve just found…” in SL into “Saya
menemukan…” in TL. The present perfect tense in the sentence “I’ve just
found…” is actually parallel to the previous sentence “I have not failed” in SL. In
the TL, the lexical items “have just” is omitted, whereas it should be translated
into “baru” or “baru saja”. This omission of lexical items significantly affect the
faithfulness of the translation. The score for linguistic aspect is 2.
The mistake in linguistic aspect also affects the meaning of the
translation, or in other words the semantic aspect. From the semantic aspect, the
SL phrase “I have just found” suggests the semantic property of achievement; that
is, although the speaker has been unsuccessful so far, there is still possibility to
succeed in the future. The score for semantic aspect is 3. From the pragmatic aspect, the purpose of the TL text can still generally be understood. However,
score for pragmatic aspect is 3. From the terminology, there is no problem with the terms used in this text, so the score for terminology is 4. Therefore, after all the scores are summed up, this data gets a total score of 12.
3 / Q23
Make yourself an honest man, and then you may be sure there is one less rascal in the world.
Jadikanlah diri Anda orang yang jujur, maka Anda bisa yakin bahwa di dunia ini telah berkurang satu lagi bajingan.
Score: 9
From the linguistic aspect, the SL text undergoes transposition, as
Darsono translates the SL clause “there is one less rascal…” into TL clause “telah
berkurang satu lagi bajingan”. The structure Subject + to be + noun phrase is
transposed into inverted Verb and Subject. This is acceptable because the clause
“telah berkurang satu lagi bajingan” sounds more natural than “terdapat lebih
sedikit satu bajingan”. However, this translation has a problem with lexicon, as
Darsono translates “rascal” into “bajingan”. In this case, the definition of “rascal”
as “penipu” or “orang jahat” is more appropriate, especially in contrast with the
word “an honest man” (SL) and “orang yang jujur” (TL) in the previous clause.
Furthermore, “one less rascal” is translated into “berkurang satu lagi bajingan”.
Indeed, the words “lebih sedikit”, which is the Indonesian exact equivalent of the
English word “less”, sound unnatural. However, the definition of the adjective
“less” is already represented by the verb “berkurang” through transposition, so the
word “lagi” is redundant and unnecessary. Even without the word “lagi”,
“berkurang satu bajingan” already has the same meaning as “one less rascal”. This
there is one less rascal in the world” is translated into TL clause “Anda bisa yakin
bahwa di dunia ini telah berkurang satu lagi bajingan”. This ordering change is
unnecessary. Therefore, the score for linguistic aspect is 2.
From the semantic aspect, this translation also violates the semantic rule
about interpersonal meaning, or meaning related to language style (Machiali,
2000: 119). The word “rascal” in SL does not evoke the same sense as “bajingan”
in TL in terms of politeness. The word “bajingan” has semantic property of taboo,
whereas “rascal” is still relatively polite term, compared to other terms such as
“bastard” or “jerk”. Other terms, such as “orang jahat” or “penipu” would be a
better semantic equivalent in this context. The mistake in linguistic aspect also
affects the semantic aspect, namely the TL text contains the words “satu lagi”,
which suggests a number that keeps decreasing. This is not found in the original
SL text. The score for semantic aspect is 2.
From the pragmatic aspect, the purpose of the TL text can still generally
be understood. However, when there is wrong translation, then the meaning will
have a distortion, so the score for pragmatic aspect is 3. From the terminology, the terms used here are generally correct, but they are convoluted and not clear, so
the score for terminology is 2. Therefore, after all the scores are summed up, this data gets a total score of 9.
No. Source Language Target Language
4 / Q76
There’s no thrill in easy sailing when the skies are clear and blue; there is no joy merely doing things which anyone can do. But there’s some
satisfaction that is mighty sweet to take, when you reach that destination that you thought you’d never make.
melakukan hal-hal yang bisa dilakkan oleh siapapun. Tetapi ada suatu kepuasan yang sangat manis dirasakan, ketika kita mencapai tujuan yang kita pikir tidak akan pernah kita wujudkan.
Score: 12
From the linguistic aspect, this text undergoes transposition and lexicon
shift. The transposition occurs when the translator translates “anyone can do” into
“dapat dilakukan siapapun”, changing active into passive voice. This is
appropriate because the TL text sounds more natural to the TL readers.
Meanwhile, the lexicon shift occurs when “thrill” is translated into “getaran jiwa”.
This translation is not really faithful because the word “jiwa” is not necessary in
the translation. It is not necessary because the word “getaran” in TL already has
equivalent meaning as the word “thrill” in SL; on the other hand, the phrase
“getaran jiwa” would be an appropriate equivalent to the phrase “psychological
thrill” or “thrill of the soul” in SL. The score for linguistic aspect is 3.
Related with the linguistic aspect, from the semantic aspect there are
violations in the referential meaning. First, “thrill” is translated into “getaran
jiwa”. The SL word “thrill” simply means “getaran” or “sensasi”; whether it is
psychological or physical is not necessary to be added in the TL. The readers
should be able to deduce for themselves from the context of the text. Second,
“easy” is translated into “ringan”. In this context, the text is talking about facing
easy things as opposed to facing difficult things. The translator’s choice to use the
word “ringan” is potential to be ambiguous because “ringan” has another
into “wujudkan”. The word “make” is found in the clause “…when you reach that
destination that you thought you’d never make”. In this context, the text is talking
about destination. The verb “wujudkan” is usually associated with dreams or
plans, but not destination. These violations create unfaithful translation and may
cause distortion of meaning. In other words, the whole meaning of the text is a
little different and sounds awkward. The score for semantic aspect is 3
From the pragmatic aspect, the purpose of the TL text can still be
understood. But the purpose is conveyed less effectively because of the
ambiguous or awkward meaning of some words. The score for pragmatic aspect
is 3. From the terminology, the terms used here are generally standard and clear but not exactly correct, especially the word “ringan”. The score for terminology
is 3. Therefore, after all the scores are summed up, this data gets a total score of
12.
No. Source Language Target Language
5 / Q84
Very little is needed to make happy life. It is all within yourself, in your way of thinking.
Sedikit sekali yang diperlukan untuk membuat hidup bahagia. Semuanya ada dalam diri anda sendiri, dalam cara yang anda pikir.
Score: 11
From the linguistic aspect, this text undergoes modulation when the
translator translates “in your way of thinking” into “dalam cara yang Anda pikir”.
This modulation is not appropriate, because it creates a shift of meaning which is
different from the meaning intended by the SL text. This is also related with the
with “way” as the head of noun phrase phrase and “of thinking” giving more
information about the head. The translation of the part “of thinking” into “yang
Anda pikir” is incorrect and unfaithful. The score for linguistic aspect is 2.
Related with the linguistic aspect, from the semantic aspect, the
translation of “in your way of thinking” into “dalam cara yang Anda pikir”
violates referential meaning. “Your way of thinking” refers to the manner in
which a person thinks, while the phrase “cara yang Anda pikir” is potential to be
ambiguous because it might also refer to one particular way that a person is
thinking of, instead of the manner in which a person thinks. This violation creates
unfaithful translation and creates a meaning which is different from the intended
meaning of the SL text. The score for semantic aspect is 3.
From the pragmatic aspect, the purpose of the TL text can still be
understood. However, the most essential part of the message (“in your way of
thinking”) is not clear, so the purpose intended by the original author is conveyed
less effectively. The score for pragmatic aspect is 3. From the terminology, the terms used here are standard but not correct, namely in the phrase “cara yang
Anda pikir”, and thus not very clear. The score for terminology is 3. Therefore, after all the scores are summed up, this data gets a total score of 11.
3. The Fair Translation
This category has only few data, namely 7 data or 7% of the whole text.
The data in this category achieves scores between 5 and 8, which means the
data in this category is not quite good. The weaknesses of the translation in this
category will be discussed further in more details in the next part, namely part B.
Following are 5 samples of data from this category.
No. Source Language Target Language
1 /
Q10
First comes thought, then organization of that thought into ideas and plans; then transformation of those plans into reality. The beginning, as you will observe, is in your imagination.
Pertama muncul pikiran: lalu pengaturan pikiran itu menjadi gagasan- gagasan dan rencana-rencana; kemudian transformasi rencana- rencana tersebut ke dalam realita. Seperti yang anda lihat, bagian awalnya ada dalam imajinasi anda.
Score: 7
From the linguistic aspect, there are some problems in lexicon. The SL
word “then” is translated into two words in TL, namely “lalu” and “kemudian”;
“into” is also translated into two words, namely “menjadi” and “ke dalam”.
Structurally, this inconsistent translation makes the parallel structure, which is
found in the SL text, no longer found in the TL text. More importantly, the
lexicon choice of “menjadi” and “ke dalam” may create ambiguous sentence,
because in Indonesian “menjadi” is not only a preposition, but also a verb that
means become. Hence, in the clause “pengaturan pikiran itu menjadi gagasan dan
rencana”, the TL readers may easily misunderstand the phrase “pengaturan
pikiran” as the subject and “menjadi” as the verb, whereas the meaning intended
by the SL text is “into” as the preposition, to indicate the change from thought that
becomes ideas and plans. If the usage of nouns such as “organization” and
“transformation” is felt to be awkward for TL, the translator can transpose them