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t fLaura Wing ifeld Characte ra sSeen in Tennessee m
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m e s in deailng wtih he r daliy socia l s
e t a l u m r o f n e h t r e ti r w e h T . s e r u s s e r
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c aracter si descirbed in thi s novel , and (2 ) wha t kind s o f sel f defense s ? e r u s s e r p l a i c o s e h t h ti w l a e d o t d l e if g n i W a r u a L y b d e y o l p m e e r a s m s i n a h c e m
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s analyzed drama is deailng more t o human psyche .To solve the fris t e h t r e w s n a o T . n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c d n a r e t c a r a h c n o y r o e h t s e s u r e ti r w e h t , m e l b o r p
e s u r e ti r w e h t , m e l b o r p d n o c e
s st heoryofs el fdefensemechanism.
n a m o w g n u o y d e l p p ir c a s i d l e if g n i W a r u a L t a h t s w o h s t l u s e r y d u t s e h T
it s ir e t c a r a h c s a h o h
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a i c o s a ) 3 ( ,l u fi c n a
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keywords:s ocia lpressure,s el fdefensemechanism ,sf antasy ,hypochondriasis , g
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
, ll a f o t s ri
F I would ilket o expres smy sinceres tanddeepes tgrattiudef o r s s e l d n e r i e h T r o f s ti ri p S y l o H d n a y r a M t n i a S , t s ir h C s u s e J , n e v a e h n i r e h t a F
a m r a h D a t a n a S n i y d u t s y m h s i n if o t e l b a m a I t a h t o s , s e c a r g d n a s g n i s s e l b
. y ti s r e v i n U
p s y
M ecia land bigges tgrattiudegoest o my beloved and honored t hesi s r
o s i v d
a Henny Herawa it , S.Pd. , M.Hum. fo r he r guidance , suggesitons , y M . s i s e h t y m g n it ir w f o s s e c o r p e h t g n ir u d e m it d n a s p l e h , s tr o p p u s , s n o it c e r r o c
o t s e o g e d u ti t a r g l a i c e p
s C .Tutyandari ,S.Pd. ,M.Pd. and Ag .Hard iPrasetyo , .
A . M , . d P .
S fo rthei rpaitence ,suppor tand moitvaiton in the nea rend o fmy o
t s k n a h t d n e s o s l a I . y d u t
s al lPBIl ecturersfort heyhad t augh tmevery usefu l knowledgeand helped mei mprovemy t eaching skills . Iamalso very gratefult o
k i n a h D k a b
M and Mbak Tari ,ou rbeloved secreta irate staff ,s for t hei rhelp i n .r
e tt a m e v it a rt s i n i m d a y n a
a p a P , s t n e r a p d e v o l e b y m o t s e o g e d u ti t a r g l a i c e p s y
M Drs . Yose f
e g o S l e u n a m m
E and MamaM.P .Purwan itningsih fo runending love ,prayer s s i s d e v o l e b y m o t s e o g o s l a e d u ti t a r g y M . e m n e v i g e v a h y e h t s tr o p p u s d n
a ter ,
e g o S g n a w i K a ti g g n A a i h p o
S fo rhe rcounltessl ove ,helpands uppo trs .Fo rPapa and Anggi ,thank sa lo tfo rthe proofreading .Fo rMama ,thank sfo ralway s
y m t a h t s tr o p p u s d n a s p l e h , e v o l e h t r o f l u f e t a r g y r e v o s l a m a I . e m o t g n i n e t s il
, e n o l a i c e p
s MargarettaWisnu Mayasarialvay sgive sme.I t hank rh e fo rneve r l so gi rn h e fatihi nme.
k a p a B o t ; y li m a f g i b y m o t e d u ti t a r g y m d n e s o s l a d l u o w
I M .Sanetand
u b
I C .Sawiyemfort hei rprayerst ha t Ican ifnishmys tudyeverynight .ToBulek ,
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S T N E T N O C F O E L B A T
E G A P E L T I
T ... i ..
S E G A P L A V O R P P
A ... ii
E G A P N O I T A C I D E
D ... vi
Y T I L A N I G I R O S ’ K R O W F O T N E M E T A T
S ... v
I S A K I L B U P N A U J U T E S R E P N A A T A Y N R E
P ... iv T
C A R T S B
A ... ii....v
K A R T S B
A ... iiv i S
T N E M E G D E L W O N K C
A ... xi
S T N E T N O C F O E L B A
T ... ix
F O T S I
L PICTURES ... vx i
S E C I D N E P P A F O T S I
L ... vx
N O I T C U D O R T N I .I R E T P A H
C ... 1 ....
1 .
1 Backgroundoft heStudy ... 1 2
.
1 ProblemFormulaiton ... 3 3
.
1 Objecitveoft heStudy ... 4 4
.
1 Benefti soft heStudy ... 4 5
.
1 Deifniitono fTerms ... 5
E R U T A R E T I L D E T A L E R F O W E I V E R . I I R E T P A H
C ... 6
1 .
ii x 2
.
2 Reviewo fRelatedLtierature ... 8 1
. 2 .
2 Characte r... 8 2
. 2 .
2 Characteirzaiton ... 01 3
. 2 .
2 Freud’ sConcep toft heI d,t heEgo ,andt heSuperego... 21 4
. 2 .
2 Anxiety ... 61 5
. 2 .
2 EgoDefenseMechanisms ... 71 6
. 2 .
2 Freud’sEgoDefenseMechanism ... 81 7
. 2 .
2 Vaillan ’t sEgoDefenseMechanism... 22 3
.
2 Theoreitca lFramework... 72
Y G O L O D O H T E M . I I I R E T P A H
C ... 29 ..
1 .
3 Objec toft heStudy ... 29 2
.
3 Approachoft heStudy ... 31 3
.
3 Methodoft heStudy ... 23
. V I R E T P A H
C ANALYSIS... 43
1 .
4 LauraWing ifeld’sCharacteirsitcs ... 43 1
. 1 .
4 PhysicalCharacteirsitcs... 43 2
. 1 .
4 PsychologicalCharacteirsitcs ... 36 2
.
4 Socia lPressure sExpeirencedbyLauraWing ifeld... 44 1
. 2 .
4 Pressuresf romAmanda ... 44 2
. 2 .
4 Pressuresf romTom ... 45 3
. 2 .
4 Pressuresf romt heSociety ... 46 3
.
4 DefenseMechanism sEmployedbyLauraWing ifeld ... 74 1
. 3 .
4 Fantasy ... 74 2
. 3 .
4 Hypochond irasis ... 05 3
. 3 .
4 AcitngOut ... 51 4
. 3 .
ii i x D N A S N O I S U L C N O C . V R E T P A H
C SUGGESTIONS... 6..5
1 .
5 Conclusions... 56 2
.
5 Suggesitons ... 58 1
. 2 .
5 Suggesitonsf o rFutureResearchers ... 95 2
. 2 .
5 Suggesitonf o rTeache rs ... 06
Y H P A R G O I L B I
B ... 16
S E C I D N E P P
v i x F O T S I
L PICTURES
e r u t c i P
1 .
v x
S E C I D N E P P A F O T S I L
E I R E G A N E M S S A L G E H T . A X I D N E P P
A ... 56
t u o b
A TheGlas sMenagerie... 66 s
m a il li W e e s s e n n e T f o y h p a r g o i
B ... 69
. B X I D N E P P
A THEDESIGNOFTHEMATERIALS ... 5..7
s u b a ll y
S ... 6....7
n a l P n o s s e
L A ... 87
B n a l P n o s s e
L ... 18
s l a ir e t a
I R E T P A H C
N O I T C U D O R T N I
n i s e s s u c s i d r e ti r w e h t t a h w f o s n o it a n a l p x e l a r e n e g s e d i v o r p r e t p a h c s i h T
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t if ve subheading s which are
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study which explains the purpose o fthe study ,beneif to fthe s ytud t hat show s
y d u t s e h t g n it c u d n o c y b d e n i a t b o e g a t n a v d a t a h
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s i h s e s u r o h t u a e h t , s e m it e m o S . m i h d n u o r r u s t a h t s g n i n e p p a h r o , s t n e m o m
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w ewabou tsomef actst ha thappeni nt hi swo lrd .
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. e fi l f o s m e l b o r p e h t f o e m o s d n a e fi l f o w e i v n i a tr e c a l e v o n s i h n i s t n e s e r p
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i to show whatl essonpeoplecan l earn f romt hei rexpeirences;i n t hi scase
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r e h ti
e in posiitveo rnegaitveways ,wli lresutli npsychologica lacitons calledsel f
s e s n e f e
d .Thosedefenses maybeusefuli fusedi naproporitona lamount ,bu tmay
. y l g n i m l e h w r e v o d e s u f i t c e f f e l u f m r a h g n ir b
r e h t o h g u o r h t r o s e c n e ir e p x e e fi l l a e r h g u o r h t s e s n e f e d f l e s e v r e s b o n a c e n O
s n o it c if , s e ir o t s tr o h s ,s l e v o n , s m li f ,s t p ir c s a m a r d e k il k r o w y r a r e ti l s a h c u s a i d e m
. n o o s d n
. ti n i s t n e m e l
e Speaking abou tdrama ,in almos tal lo fthe drama ,there are sel f
y b d e s s e s s o p s e s n e f e
d a characte rin deailng wtih confilcts .Some o fthe work s
u e v i s s e c x e e h t t n e s e r
p seofs el fdefensest ha tb irngnegaitvef eedbackt ot hedoer .
s i s k r o w t p ir c s e h t f o e n
O The Glas sMenagerie wirtten by Tennessee
' s c it ir C a m a r D k r o Y w e N e h t n o w ” y a l p y r o m e m “ e v it a c o v e s i h T . s m a il li W
if s a w t I . n o s a e s e h t f o y a l p t s e b e h t s a d r a w a e l c ri
C lmed i n 1950 and ha sbeen
s ti f o e s u a c e b n e s o h c s i t p ir c s s i h T . d lr o w e h t t u o h g u o r h t e g a t s e h t n o d e m r o f r e p
d n a y r o t s g n it s e r e t n
i i’t swel lcombined elements .There ,a reaciton toward a
r e t c a r a h c e h t f o e n o y b d e c n e ir e p x e e r u s s e r p l a i c o
s s , Laura Wing ifeld, si
r a l u c it r a p o t n i e n o e m o s d a e l n a c e r u s s e r p l a i c o S . t n e m h s i n o t s a n i d e b ir c s e d
t a h t s n o it c a e r e h t f o e n O . e v i s n e f f o r o e v i s n e f e d , e v it a g e n r o e v it i s o p , s n o it c a e r
e s n e f e D f l e S d e ll a c , e n o e v i s n e f e d e h t s i y d u t s s i h t n i d e s s u c s i d y l n i a m e b l li w
m s i n a h c e
M ,posse sbyLauraWing ifeld .
2 .
1 ProblemFormula iton
e r a e r e h t , e v o b a d n u o r g k c a b e h t n o d e s a
B t wo problem s tha t wli l be
: w o l e b s n o it s e u q o w t n i d e t a l u m r o f e r a s m e l b o r p e h T . y d u t s s i h t n i d e s s u c s i d
.
1 Howi sLauraWing ifeldcharacte rdescirbedi nt hi snovel?
.
2 Wha tkind sofs el fdefenses mechanisms areemployedbyLauraWing ifeld
3 .
1 Objecitveoft heStudy
n i a m e h t f o e n o , d l e if g n i W a r u a L e b ir c s e d o t s i y d u t s s i h t f o e v it c e j b o e h T
r e t c a r a h
c s in TennesseeWliilams ’TheGlas sMenagerie. Thi sstudy also aim sa t
d n i k t a h w g n il a e v e
r s o fsel fdefenses mechanisms tha tLauraWing ifeld does t o
. e r u s s e r p l a i c o s e h t h ti w l a e d
4 .
1 Beneftis oft heStudy
r e h s y o l p m e r e t c a r a h c d l e if g n i W a r u a L w o h g n i n r a e l y b t a h t d e t c e p x e s i t I
a i c o s d r a w o t e s n e f e d f l e
s lpressures int hes cirp tTheGlas sMenagerie,t her eaders
g n i d n e f e d n i l u f e r a c e r o m e b n a c y e h t , e l p m a x e r o F . e fi l f o s n o s s e l e m o s e k a t n a c
r o m e h t m r a h t o n l li w e s n e f e d e h t t a h t o s e r u s s e r p r a l u c it r a p d r a w o t s e v l e s m e h t
. k c a b d e e f e v it a g e n m e h t e v i g
u f r o
F trherr esearchers ,hopefully,t hi sstudywli lprovidesufifcientr eference
s r e h c a e t p l e h n a c n o i s s u c s i d e h t t a h t d e t c e p x e o s l a s i tI . y d u t s r i e h t g n it r o p p u s n i
a s a h s il g n E g n i n r a e l n i e r u t a r e ti l f o e s u e h t g n i d r a g e r l a ir e t a m r i e h t g n i n g i s e d n i
S . e g a u g n a
l ome example sare a sfollows :using ltierary work a sa mateira lin
e m o s g n i k a t , n o it c i d g n i h c a e
t monologuestopefrorma spub ilcspeaking rtaining ,
, s s a l c e r u t c u rt s n i s i s y l a n a e r u t c u rt s e g a u g n a
5 .
1 De ifniitono fTerms
g n i d n a t s r e d n u s i m d i o v a o
T int hestudy,t herearesomet ermst ha tneed t obe
. e r u s s e r p l a i c o s d n a e s n e f e d e r a s m r e t e s o h T . d e n i a l p x e
( e e r e o B n i d u e r F o t g n i d r o c c
A p.7) ,defense mechanism i san aciton o r
. y t e i x n a g n i m l e h w r e v o e h t m o r f fl e s ti d n e f e d o t o g e e h t y b d e s s e s s o p e u q i n h c e
t tI
e r o m a o t n i m e h t g n it r o t s i d r o s e s l u p m i e h t g n i k c o l b y l s u o i c s n o c n u y b o s s e o d
o g E r o , m e t s y S e s n e f e D d e ll a c o s l a m r e t s i h T . m r o f g n i n e t a e r h t s s e l , e l b a t p e c c a
e h t e s u l li w r o h t u a e h t , y d u t s s i h t f o n o i s s u c s i d r e h tr u f n I .s e s n e f e
D Sel fDefense
m s i n a h c e
M terminologyi nexplainingt heacitonemployedbyLauraWing ifeldi n
. e fi l r e h g n i c a f
o t g n i d r o c c
A Chapiln (1985)i n Dicitonaryo fPsychology ,socia lpressurei s
“any t ypeo fcoercion exe tred by an i nsttiuiton o ragroup ofi ndividua.l” In t hi s
f o s p u o r g e h t m o r f s e m o c d l e if g n i W a r u a L y b d e c n e ir e p x e e r u s s e r p e h t , y d u t s
n r o b b u t s r e h , y li m a f r e h r e b m e m e h t e r a e s o h T . n o it u ti t s n i n a d n a l a u d i v i d n i
e h T . d l e if g n i W m o T , r e h t o r b s u o il l e b e r r e h d n a d l e if g n i W a d n a m A , r e h t o m
r a p g n i k a t n o it u ti t s n
I I R E T P A H C
E R U T A R E T I L D E T A L E R F O W E I V E R
e h t s e d i v o r p r e t p a h c s i h
T approach used in the study ,theo ires used to
n i k r o w e m a r f l a c it e r o e h t e h t d n a e ir e g a n e M s s a l G e h T e z y l a n
a the proces sof
s m a il li W e e s s e n n e T n ir e t c a r a h c d l e if g n i W a r u a L g n i z y l a n
a TheGlassMenagerie .
r o e h t e h
T ie sto be reviewed are: theo ire s o f characte rand characte irzaiton ,
y t e i x n a f o y r o e h t ; o g e r e p u S e h t d n a , o g E e h t , d I e h t f o t p e c n o c s ’ d u e r
F ; Ego
o g E s ’t n a ll i a V t s a l d n a m s i n a h c e M e s n e f e D o g E s ’ d u e r F , m s i n a h c e M e s n e f e D
m s i n a h c e M e s n e f e
D .In t he t heoreitca lframework ,severa lconsideraitons t o use
. d e s o p x e e b l li w t p ir c s e h t g n i z y l a n a n i s e ir o e h t d e t c e l e s e h t
. 1 .
2 PsychologicalApproach
s i h c a o r p p a e l b a ti u s d n a t c e r r o c a , k r o w y r a r e ti l r a l u c it r a p g n i z y l a n a n I
y d u t s s i h t e c n i S . d e d e e
n i sdeailngmoret ot hehuman psyche, t hewrtie rchoose s
. h c a o r p p a l a c i g o l o h c y s
p Descirbedbelowi stheapproachusedi nanalyzingLaura
m s i c it ir c r o h c a o r p p a l a c i g o l o c y s P . h c a o r p p a l a c i g o l o h c y s p , r e t c a r a h c d l e if g n i W
f o e n o s
i nine common ciritca lapproachest o t he ltierature .Quotaiton sare from
s ’ a i o i G a n a D d n a y d e n n e K . J.
X Ltierature :An Introduciton to Ficiton ,Poetry ,
a m a r D d n
a ,SixthEdiiton( 1995 ,p.1790-1818.)
m s i c it ir C l a c i g o l o h c y s P
h t o b n o p u d a h s a h y g o l o h c y s p n r e d o m t a h t t c e f f e e h t s t c e lf e r h c a o r p p a s i h T
m s i c it ir c l a c i g o l o h c y s p n i s e r u g if l a t n e m a d n u F . m s i c it ir c y r a r e ti l d n a e r u t a r e ti l
f o s n o it o n r u o d e g n a h c s e ir o e h t c it y l a n a o h c y s p “ e s o h w , d u e r F d n u m g i S e d u l c n i
l p x e y b r o i v a h e b n a m u
h o irng new o rcon rtoversia larea s ilke wish-ful ifllment ,
r u o g n i d n a p x e s a l l e w s a ” n o i s s e r p e r d n a , s u o i c s n o c n u e h t , y ti l a u x e s
r i e h t g n it a rt s n o m e d y b e t a r e p o s l o b m y s d n a e g a u g n a l “ w o h f o g n i d n a t s r e d n u
r a C d n a ; ” s e ri s e d r o s r a e f s u o i c s n o c n u t c e lf e r o t y ti li b
a lJung ,whose theo ire s
. m s i c it ir C l a c i g o l o h t y M f o n o it a d n u o f y e k a o s l a e r a s u o i c s n o c n u e h t t u o b a
y ll a u s u t i , l a r e n e g n i t u b , s e h c a o r p p a f o r e b m u n a s a h m s i c it ir c l a c i g o l o h c y s P
: s e h c a o r p p a e e r h t f o ) e r o m r o ( e n o s y o l p m e
.
1 An i nvesitgaiton o f“thecreaitveproces soft hearitst :whati st henatureo f
” ? s n o it c n u f l a t n e m l a m r o n o t e t a l e r ti s e o d w o h d n a s u i n e g y r a r e ti l
.
2 The psychologica l study o f a paritcula r aritst , usually noitng how an
f a s e c n a t s m u c ri c l a c i h p a r g o i b s ’ r o h t u
a fec to rin lfuence thei rmoitvaiton s
. r o i v a h e b r o / d n a
.
3 The analysi so f ifcitona lcharacter susing the language and method so f
v e s e b ir c s e d o t d e s u e r a s n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c f o y r o e h
T era l physica l and
’ s m a il li W e e s s e n n e T n i d l e if g n i W a r u a L f o s ti a rt l a c i g o l o h c y s
p The Glas s
. e i r e g a n e M
3 . 2 .
2 Freud’ sConcep toft heI d,t heEgo ,andt heSuperego
c i h p a r g o p o t e h t s a w d n i m e h t f o l e d o m y l n o s ’ d u e r F , s e d a c e d 2 y lr a e n r o F
, d e n il t u o t s u j e v a h e w e n
o and hi sonly porrtaya lo fphysicsrtfiewast heconfilc t
d u e r F , s 0 2 9 1 e h t g n ir u d , n e h T . s e c r o f s u o i c s n o c n u d n a s u o i c s n o c n e e w t e b
e e r h t a d e c u d o rt n i ) a 1 6 9 1 / 3 2 9 1
( -par tsrtuctura lmodel .Thi sdivision oft hemind
o p o t e h t t n a l p p u s t o n d i d s e c n i v o r p e e r h t o t n
i graphicmodel ,buti thelped Freud
.s e s o p r u p r o n o it c n u f ri e h t o t g n i d r o c c a s e g a m i l a t n e m n i a l p x e
s a w d n i m e h t f o t r a p e v it i m ir p t s o m e h t , d u e r F o
T da sEs ,o rthe “ti” ,
s a w n o i s i v i d d n o c e s a ; d i s a h s il g n E o t n i d e t a l s n a rt s y a w l a t s o m l a s i h c i h
w da s
h c
I , or the “,I” rtanslated a sego ;and a ifna lprovincewa sda sUber- hIc ,or t he
r e v o
“ - ,I”which i sr endered i nto Engilsh a ssuperego .Theseprovince sorr egion s
. s t c u rt s n o c l a c it e h t o p y h y l e r e m e r a t u b , e s r u o c f o , e c n e t s i x e l a ir o ti r r e t o n e v a h
ti w t c a r e t n i y e h
T ht het hreel eve lo fmentall fieso t hatt heegocut sacros s
s u o i c s n o c n u d n a , s u o i c s n o c e r p , s u o i c s n o c s a h d n a s l e v e l c i h p a r g o p o t s u o ir a v e h t
t d n a s u o i c s n o c n u d n a s u o i c s n o c e r p h t o b s i o g e r e p u s e h t s a e r e h w , s t n e n o p m o
c he
s u o i c s n o c n u y l e t e l p m o c s i d
e r u t c i
P 1 .Thei llusrtaitonofi d ,egoands uperego
1 . 3 . 2 .
2 TheI d
, d u e r F o t g n i d r o c c
A humanswerebornwtihaco lleciton o fbasici nsitncts
s i h t d e ll a c d u e r F . y g r e n e l a n i d i b il r u o y f o e c r u o s e h t e r a t a h t s e v ir d l a c i g o l o i b r o
f o t e
s insitnctua ld irve sthe id ,from the Laitn word fo r“i.t” These d irve sare
e h t f o m e t s y s c i b m il e h t s a h c u s , n i a r b r u o y f o s r e t n e c r e w o l e h t y b d e t a i d e m
s u o i c s n o c n u r u o y f o l e v e l t s e p e e d e h t t a d e ir u b s i d i e h t , h c u s s A . s u m a l a h t o p y h
m o r f d e v o m e r r a f , d n i
m consciou srealtiy .Freud descirbed t hei d a sa“cauldron
h c i h w , n o it a z i n a g r o r o e r u t c u rt s r e n n i o n s a h h c i h w ” t n e m e ti c x e g n i h t e e s f o
m o r f e m o c t a h t s e r u s a e l p e h t y l n o s k e e s h c i h w d n a , s y a w l a c i g o ll i n i s e t a r e p o
discharging ti spent-upenergies(McConnell ,p.485).
h c i h w , e l p i c n ir p e r u s a e l p e h t s y e b o t i e s u a c e b e v il a t n a f n i n a s p e e k d i e h T
e s e h t f o t s o m e c n i S . s d e e n s ’t n a f n i e h t ll a f o n o it a c if it a r e t a i d e m m i e h t s d n a m e d
s n o it c n u f y li d o b o t d e t a l e r e r a s d e e
s n e s d n
a ua lsitmulaiton – the newborn chlid survive sbecause i’t sbiologically
l a n i d i b il s ti e s a e l e r o t d e m m a r g o r
p energy in lfie-sustaining ways (McConnell ,
) 5 8 4 .
p .
. 2 . 3 . 2 .
2 TheEgo
i e h
T d helpst hei nfan tsurvivebecause tii sselifsh and i mpulsive .But ,a s
h
t e i nfan tmature ,s t he“rea lwo lrd” beginst o make demand son t hechlid – and
s A . s y a w e t a ir p o r p p a y ll a i c o s n i d n o p s e r t o n s e o d d li h c e h t fi y l e r e v e s t i s e h s i n u p
t i , s d e e n l a u t c n it s n i s ti f o e m o s f o n o it a c if it a r g y a l e d o t d e c r o f s i t n a f n i e h t
o c e b y ll a u d a r
g me saware tha tthere i sa dfiference between ti sown desrie sand
e h t d n a f l e s ti n e e w t e b h s i u g n it s i d o t s n i g e b d li h c e h t e c n o d n A . e l p o e p r e h t o e s o h t
r o o g e s ti , d lr o w r e t u
o consciouss el fcomesi ntobeing (McConnell ,p.485).
h t , n o s n e d l o G M . R o t g n i d r o c c
A e ego i sa group o fmenta lfunciton so r
, s e ir o m e m e r o t s , s t n e m g d u j e k a m , n o s a e r , e v i e c r e p o t u o y e l b a n e t a h t s e s s e c o r p
. s m e l b o r p s u o ir a v e v l o s d n
a T he id wa spresen ta tbitrh .T he ego developed
s a y l w o l
s eo n learnedt omaste rhis /herimpulses ,delayi mmediategraitifcaitono f
r e h / s i
h needs ,andge talongwtihothers (McConnell ,p.485).
e h
T ego i st hepar to fone’spersonaltiy t hati si ncommunicaiton wtih t he
, n e h t , tr a p t s o m e h t r o F . d lr o w l a n r e t x
e t he ego operate sa ta consciou s(o r
l e v e l ) s u o i c s n o c e r
p ,bu ttii nclude ssomeunconsciou sprocesse sa swell .Thu silke
e h
t ,id t he ego i ssubjec tto the demand so fthe pleasure p irnciple .Bu ta so ne
, e r u t a
m his /herconsciou ssefli smorei n lfuencedbywha tFreudcalledt her ealtiy
e l p i c n ir
e r u s a e l p f o s e c r o f g n i s o p p o e h t n e e w t e b n r o t e b y a
m -seekingand r ealtiy. I to tfen
y f s it a s o t g n i y rt y b t c il f n o c s i h t s e v l o s e
r t he insitnctua ldesrie s(id )in socially
s y a w d e v o r p p
a (McConnell ,p.485).
3 . 3 . 2 .
2 TheSuperego
o t e r o m s i e r e h
T one’s personaltiy ,however ,than id and ego, ro than
s a , r o F . e l p i c n ir p y ti l a e r d n a e l p i c n ir p e r u s a e l
p o ne grows ,the people around
r e h / m i
h demandt ha the/s headopts ociety’ s“rule sandr egulaiton .s”Todos o ,o ne
u
m s tbu lid up aconscience t ha tkeep shim /her from violaitng t he rules ,and an
o g
e -idealt ha the/s hemusts t irvet oattain .Freudcalledt hi spar to ft hepersonaltiy
f o t r a p s a t i d e d r a g e r d n a o g e r e p u s e h t e r u t c u rt
s one’s ego tha tsplti sof fand
o t s n i g e
b ac ton ti sown (McConnell ,p.485).
e h
T superego develop sslowly (and unconsciously )du irng the fris t ifve
f o s r a e
y one’s lfie a she /she increasingly imtiate the thought sand aciton so f
s r e h t
o – p irmarliy t hoseo ft heparents .Du irngadolescenceand young adutlhood
e h
t superego mature seven morea so necomei nto contac twtihadutls( othert han
m o h w ) s t n e r a
p he /she admries and whose value she /she take on in par to rin
, l e v e l s u o i c s n o c n u n a t a s r u c c o s s e c o r p n o it a z il a i c o s s i h t ,t r a p t s o m e h t r o F . e l o h w
s
a t hesuperego gainst hepowert o ciritcizeand supervisebothone’sid and ego .
e h
T superego ist hu sone’s“unconscious”voicet ha thelp shim /herdiscirminates
t u o h ti w s g n o r w m o r f s t h g ir l a i c o
s him /her being aware o fwhy he /she do so
o n d a h o g e e h t f I . ) 4 3 . p ( y t e i x n a f o n i a p e h t s e c u d e r n r u t n i h c i h w , n o i s s e r p e r
w y t e i x n a e h t ,r o i v a h e b e v i s n e f e d o t e s r u o c e
r ould becomei ntolerable .Defensive
f o n i a p e h t n i a g a o g e e h t g n it c e t o r p y b n o it c n u f l u f e s u a e v r e s e r o f e r e h t ,s r o i v a h e b
. y t e i x n a
e r a h c i h w , s e r u s s e r p l a i c o s w o h g n i n i a l p x e n i d e s u y t e i x n a f o y r o e h t s i h T
l a r e v e s s e s s o p o t r e h e c r o f d n a r e t c a r a h c d l e if g n i W a r u a L t c e f f a , y t e i x n a c it s il a e r
. o g e r e h t c e t o r p o t r e d r o n i e s n e f e d f l e s f o s r e b m u n
5 . 2 .
2 EgoDefenseMechanisms d
e t a t
S earilerint het heoire ,s theegos'j ob wast osaitsfyt hei ds'i mpulses ,
o t n i g n i k a t l li t s e li h w , o g e r e p u s e h t f o r e t c a r a h c c it s il a r o m e h t d n e f f o t o n
a e r e h t n o it a r e d i s n o
c ltiyoft hestiuaiton. stI i alsostatedt hatt hi swa sno taneasy
. b o
j Thinkoft hei dast he' devi lon you rshoulder 'andt hesuperegoast he a'nge l
'. r e d l u o h s r u o y f
o Human beingdon' twan tetihe ronet ogett oosrtongsowet alk
a e h , m e h t f o h t o b o
t rt hei rperspecitveandt henmakeadecision. Thi sdecisioni s
. e c n a l a b y h tl a e h t a h t r o f g n i k o o l e n o e h t , g n i k l a t o g e e h t
k l a t e r o f e
B i ngmoreaboutt his ,tii sr equriedtounderstandwha td irvest he
. o g e r e p u s d n a , o g e , d
i Accordingt oFreud ,humanonlyhavet wo d irves ;sexand
. n o i s s e r g g
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d Sex ,also called Eros o rthe Lfie force ,represent s ou rd irve to ilve ,
. g n ir p s f f o e c u d o r p d n a , r e p s o r
p Aggression ,also called Thanatos o rour Death
r u o , e c n e t s i x e r u o o t s t a e r h t f f o e v a t s d n a e v il a y a t s o t d e e n r u o s t n e s e r p e r , e c r o f
r p r u o d n a , r e w o
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a f o t n e m e n o p t s o p r o n o it a r a p e s ; s s e rt s i d l a n o it o m e d i o v a o t r e t c a r a h c r o y ti t n e d i
t h g u o h t r o n o it a u ti s a y n a p m o c c a d l u o w y ll a m r o n t a h t g n il e e
f .
n o it a l o s
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. e s n o p s e r l a n o it o m e o n h ti w s li a t e d c i h p a r g h ti w r e d r u m a g n i b ir c s e d , e l p m a x e
n o it a z il a u t c e ll e t n
I which i sa form o f isolaiton ; concen rtaitng on the
a u ti s a f o s t n e n o p m o c l a u t c e ll e t n
i itons oast odistanceoneseflf romt heassociated
y t e i x n
a -provoking emo itons ;separaiton o femoiton from ideas ;thinking abou t
g n i d i o v a ; m e h t n o g n it c a t o n d n a s m r e t d n a l b y l e v it c e f f a , l a m r o f n i s e h s i w
l a u t c e ll e t n i e h t n o g n i s u c o f y b s n o it o m e e l b a t p e c c a n
u aspect s (e.g .
. ) s n o it a z il a n o it a r
n o it a m r o F n o it c a e
R which i san ac to fconveritng unconsciou swishe so r
s i t a h t r o i v a h e b ; s e ti s o p p o r i e h t o t n i s u o r e g n a d e b o t d e v i e c r e p e r a t a h t s e s l u p m i
t g n i k a t ; s l e e f r o s t n a w y ll a e r e n o t a h w f o e ti s o p p o e h t y l e t e l p m o
c he oppostie
r o f y l e v it c e f f e k r o w n a c e s n e f e d s i h T . y t e i x n a s e s u a c f e il e b e u rt e h t e s u a c e b f e il e b
. n w o d k a e r b y ll a u t n e v e l li w t u b , m r e t tr o h s e h t n i g n i p o c
n o i s s e r p e
R whichi saproces so fpulilngt houghtsi ntot heunconsciou sand
n a d r o l u f n i a p g n it n e v e r
p geroust houghtsf romenteirng consciousness ;seemingly
n o it a u ti s n w o s 'e n o f o s s e n e r a w a f o k c a l r o e s p a l y r o m e m , y t e v i a n e l b a n i a l p x e n u
b , s u o i c s n o c s i n o it o m e e h t ; n o it i d n o c d n
l a i c o s e h t , y ti l a n o s r e p r e h t u o b a r e t c a r a h c d l e if g n i W a r u a L f o s i s y l a n a s u o i v e r p
g n it c a e r n i s n o it c a r e h d n a d e c n e ir e p x e e h s s e r u s s e r
p towardst hepressures ,some
. d e l a e v e r e b n a c d e y o l p m e e h s s m r o f e s n e f e d f l e s e h t f
o Since the analysi sin
s i s y l a n a e h t , s p e t s t n e r e f fi d e e r h t n i d e t a r a p e s e r a s m e l b o r p o w t e h t g n ir e w s n a
b u s e e r h t o t n i d e d i v i d e b o s l a l li w 4 r e t p a h c n i tl u s e
I I I R E T P A H C
Y G O L O D O H T E M
s s u c s i d r e t p a h c s i h
T e stheObjec toft heStudy ,Approachoft heStudyand
. y d u t S e h t f o d o h t e
M Objec to fs ytud containst her eviewofTheGlas sMenagerie
, s e d i s e B . t p ir c s y a l
p the shor tsummary o fthe scirp twli lalso be provided .In
Approach o fthe Study ,i twli lbe restated why the psychologica lapproach i s
e s o p x e y d u t S e h t f o d o h t e M , t s a L . k r o w e h t g n i w e i v e r n i n e s o h
c s thefou rstep s
. y d u t s e h t n i d e s u
1 .
3 Objec toft heStudy t
c e j b o e h
T o fthe study i sthe play scirp to fTennessee Wliilams ’The
. e i r e g a n e M s s a l
G TheGlas sMenagerie ,wirtten i n 1944 and o irginally itlted The
r e ll a C n a m e lt n e
G ,i soneoft hegrea tplay soft heAmeircant heartewhosecenrta l
a h
c racter s– Amanda ,Tom ,and Laura – are emoitonally and economically
n a m u h f o s e g a m i l u f r e w o p e m a c e b y e h t , y r o t s y a l p e h t n I . s l a u d i v i d n i d e m i a m
n i t c u d o r p t s ri f ’ s m a il li W e e s s e n n e T s a n w o n k s i y a l p s i h T . ri a p s e d d n a n o it a n e il a
t p ir c
s -w iritng.
l p e h
T ayscirp twa swirtteni nsevenchapter .sI nt hi sstudy,t hewrtie ruse s
e i r e g a n e M s s a l G e h
T playscirpt t aken f romt hebook A Streetca rNamed Desrie
e i r e g a n e M s s a l G e h T d n
a pubilshed by Penguin Books .Thesc irp tconsist so f86
. 8 0 2 o t 3 2 1 m o r f ,s e g a p
R E T P A H
C IV
S I S Y L A N A
e h t n i d e t a l u m r o f n e e b e v a h t a h t s n o it s e u q o w t e h t s e s s u c s i d r e t p a h c s i h T
r e t p a h c s i h T . r e t p a h c s u o i v e r
p i sdividedi ntot hreesub-chapters .Fris tsub-chapte r s
s u c s i
d e s abou tLaura Wing ifeld characteirsitcs .Second sub-chapte rdiscusse s b
u s t s a l e h T . d l e if g n i W a r u a L y b d e c n e ir e p x e s e r u s s e r p l a i c o s e h t t u o b
a -chapte r
s s u c s i
d e s abou tthe defense mechanism Laura Wing ifeld posse sin deailng wtih .s
e r u s s e r p l a i c o s e h t
u a L 1 .
4 raWing ifeld’ sCharacterisitcs
n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c e h t s e t a r a p e s r e ti r w e h t , d l e if g n i W a r u a L g n i b ir c s e d n I
d e b ir c s e d d l e if g n i W a r u a L w o h s e s s u c s i d e n o t s ri f e h T . s e ir o g e t a c n i a m o w t o t n i
l a c i s y h
p ly ,andt hesecondonediscusseshowLaura si descirbed psychologically . e h t d n a t s r e d n u o t s y a w e n i n s e s u r e ti r w e h t , s c it s ir e t c a r a h c e h t g n il a e v e r n I
. y h p r u M y b d e t n e s e r p r e t c a r a h c
1 . 1 .
4 PhysicalCharacteirsitcs
n o it i d n o c s i h T . y l e m a l k l a w r e h e d a m t a h t t c e f e d l a c i s y h p a s a h a r u a L
s k n i h t r e h s e k a
m tha tshe could no tachieve things ,even a usua lone - getitng .f
l e s r e h o t l u ft b u o d g n i e b s i e h S . d e ir r a m
p u d n i w y ll a u s u s r e e r a c s s e n i s u b r o f t u o t u c t ’ n e r a t a h t s lr i G : A D N A M A
[ . n a m e c i n e m o s o t d e ir r a
m Get supwtih asparko freviva.l ]Siste,rt ha’t s !
o d l l’ u o y t a h w
[LAURAu tter sastarlted ,doubftull augh .Shereache squicklyf o r .s
s a l g f o e c e i p
a ]
r e h t o M , t u B : A R U A
L –
[ ? s e Y : A D N A M
A Cros isngt ophotograph.] m ’ I :] y g o l o p a d e n e t h g ir f f o e n o t n i[ A R U A
L - c irppled!
e v ’ I , a r u a L ! e s n e s n o N : A D N A M
A toldyounever ,nevert ouset ha tword . t
c e f e d e lt ti l a e v a h t s u j u o y , d e l p p ir c t o n e r ’ u o y , y h
W – hardlyno itceable ,
e t a v it l u c y e h t ,t a h t e k il e g a t n a v d a s i d t h g il s e m o s e v a h e l p o e p n e h W ! n e v e
t i r o f p u e k a m o t s g n i h t r e h t
o – developcharm– andvivactiy– andcharm ! [
! o d o t e v a h u o y l l a s ’t a h
T Shet urn sagain t o t hephotograph. ]Onet hing f
o y t n e l p d a h r e h t a f r u o
y – wa scharm!
[TOMmoitonst ot he ifddlei nt hewing .s] .( p 11 -4 142)
l a c i s y h p e h t e b ir c s e d s e n il g n i w o ll o f e h
T condiiton o fLaura ,staitng t
a h
t sheha sphysica ldefect ,utteredbyTom.O ntheothe rside ,Amandaprotes ton .r e t s i s r e h e b ir c s e d o t e s u o t t o n n o p u d e e r g a d a h y e h t d r o w a h c u s g n i s u s ’ m o T
. a r u a L f o h c u m o o t t c e p x e t ’ n t s u m u o y , r e h t o M : M O T
? n a e m u o y o d t a h W : A D N A M A
t ll a s m e e s a r u a L : M O
T hoset hingst o youand mebecauseshe’ sour sand .
e r o m y n a d e l p p ir c s ’ e h s e c it o n n e v e t ’ n o d e W . r e h e v o l e w
o t d r o w t a h t w o ll a r e v e n I t a h t w o n k u o Y ! d e l p p ir c y a s t ’ n o D : A D N A M A
. d e s u e b
d n a s i e h S . r e h t o M , s t c a f e c a f t u B : M O
T – tha’t sno tal l- ( .p166) o
F rbelovedf amliymembers ,amino ro reven a majo rhandicappossessed s
i r e b m e m y li m a f e h t f o e n o y
b o tfen considered no texist .There are severa l t
a h t t c a f e h t s i e n o t s e g n o rt s e h t t u b , t c a s i h t g n i y lr e d n u s n o s a e
r the f amliy l ove s
o s l a s i h T . r e h / m i
h happene d to t hefamliy in t hi sstory .In t hei rdaliy acitviite,s a
a d n a m A d n a m o
T lway ssuppor tLaura ,a si fLaura’ slegs were no tcirppled . e
h
. 2 . 1 .
4 PsychologicalCharacteirsitcs n
I the study ,the wrtie rreveal s ifve psychologica lpersonaltiy rtati so f y li m a f a d n a , h s if l e s , l a i c o s a , l u fi c n a f , e v i s n e h e r p p a e r a e s o h T . d l e if g n i W a r u a L
. n a m o w
1 . 2 . 1 .
4 Apprehensive a
r u a
L i sapprehensive .Sheo tfen f eel sanxiou sorf eafru labou the rfuture . e
fi l e c n a m o r r e h t u o b a c it s i m i s s e p s l e e f o s l a e h
S .Atlhough Laura’ smother ,
a d n a m
A , loves t o t ellabou the rsucces sof he rpast l fie t o Laura –including h er e
c n a m o
r - wtih the expectaiton tha ti tmay also happen to he rbeloved daughte r d
i d t i , a r u a
L no thappen. On the othe rhand ,Laura ha sstated tha tshe i sno t .s
r e ll a c n a m e lt n e g y n a g n it c e p x e
e g n a m c n a l b e h t g n ir b l l’ I : A R U A L
[He remain sstanding wtih hi s cigarette by the poritere s during the .
g n i w o ll o
f ]
[ A D N A M
A rising] :No ,sister ,no ,siste r– uy o bet hel ady t hi s itmeand .
y e k r a d e h t e b l l’ I
. p u y d a e rl a m ’ I : A R U A L
r e t s i s e h ti l t a e s r u o y e m u s e R : A D N A M
A – Iwan tyou t o stay fresh and y
tt e r
p – fo rgenltemancallers!
.s r e ll a c n a m e lt n e g y n a g n it c e p x e t o n m ’ I : A R U A L
[ A D N A M
A crossing ou tto ktichenette. Airliy]. :Someitme sthey come n i n o o n r e tf a y a d n u S e n o r e b m e m e r I ? y h W ! d e t c e p x e t s a e l e r a y e h t n e h w
n i a t n u o M e u l
B – [Ente rktichenette.] ! g n i m o c s ’t a h w w o n k I : M O T
.t i ll e t r e h t e l t u B . s e Y : A R U A L
? n i a g A : M O T
( .t i ll e t o t s e v o l e h S : A R U A
L p.133)
a L n i a g
A ura show stha tshe i san apprehensive person .She repeat she r t
c e p x e t o n s e o d e h s t a h t e c n a r e tt
u anygen ltemancallersinces het hinkst hats hei s s
a w r e h t o m r e h s a l ri g r a l u p o p a t o
y n
a vistiaiton make she rfeelsguitly ,sincehe rmothe rputs ahigh expectaiton on e h t t u o b a y s a e n u s l e e f e h S . n o s r e p e v i s n e h e r p p a n a s i a r u a L t a h t s l a e v e r s i h T . r e h
.r e h t o m r e h , y ll a i c e p s e d n a f l e s r e h r o f , e r u t u f
[ A R U A
L irsing] :Mothe,rl e tmecleart het able. o
g u o y , r a e d , o N : A D N A M
A in f ron tand studyyourt ypewrtie rchatr .O r !
y tt e r p d n a h s e r f y a t S . e lt ti l a d n a h tr o h s r u o y e c it c a r
p – I’t salmos titmef o r
[ . g n i v ir r a t r a t s o t s r e ll a c n e m e lt n e g r u
o She lfounce sgirlsihlyt oward t he .
e tt e n e h c ti
k ]How many do you suppose we’re going to ente train thi s ?
n o o n r e tf a
[TOMthrow sdownt hepape randj ump supw tihagroan.] [
A R U A
L alonei nt hedining-room] : Idon’ tbeilevewe’regoingt or eceive .r
e h t o M , y n a
[ A D N A M
A Reappearing ,airliy] :What?No one– no tone?You mus tbe A
R U A L [ ! g n i k o
j nervously echoe she rlaugh .She silp sin a fugiitve fl
a h e h t h g u o r h t r e n n a
m -open poritere sand drawst hem i n genltybehind d e d a f e h t t s n i a g a e c a f r e h n o n w o r h t s i t h g il r a e l c y r e v f o t f a h s A . r e h
.s n i a t r u c e h t f o y r t s e p a
t ]
[MUSIC : ‘THE GLASS MENAGERIE ’ UNDER FAINTLY . ]
y lt h g i L
e r e h t , d o o lf a e b t s u m e r e h T ! e u rt e b t ’ n a c t I ? r e ll a c n a m e lt n e g e n o t o N
! o d a n r o t a n e e b e v a h t s u m
r a l u p o p t o n t s u j m ’ I . r e h t o M , o d a n r o t a t o n s ’t i , d o o lf a t ’ n s i tI : A R U A L
M O T [ . … n i a t n u o M e u l B n i e r e w u o y e k
il utter sanothe rgroan .LAURA . e lt ti l a g n i h c t a c e c i o v r e H . e li m s c it e g o l o p a , t n i a f a h ti w m i h t a s e c n a l
g ]
( . d i a m d l o n a e b o t g n i o g m ’ I d i a r f a s ’ r e h t o
M p.135)
l u fi c n a F 2 . 2 . 1 .
4 – rtappedi nf antasy a
r u a
L i s rtapped in fantasy .She wtihdraw shersel ffrom the society . i
s y a w l a s i e h
S n a place where she found hersel fcomfo trable and alone. She s ’ y li m a f e h t n i e m it r e h f o t s o m g n i d n e p s y b y ti l a e r m o r f e p a c s e o t s e s o o h c
.t n e m tr a p
a Sheplay swtihhe rglas smenageireandf antasize sa sfis hewereoneo f .
m e h
t He rcolleciton s of glas smenage s ire and old record ssymbo ilze he rown d
lr o w e t a v ir
