Earlier KM review studies gave an appreciated vision about the research directions of KM. These review studies neglected the effect of KM processes on healthcare. In this study, a systematic review of the literature of KM studies related to healthcare was carried out, in an attempt to deliver a complete analysis of the existing studies and to deliberate the effects of analysis results. This study shows that 7 new findings were revealed. Starting at the knowledge sharing process is the most KM process studied, followed by knowledge application and healthcare knowledge, creation, stor- age, acquisition, and protection, respectively. Second, interviews and questionnaire
112 A. Almansoori et al.
Table8AnalysisofKMprocessesstudiesrelatedtodifferenthealthcaresystems #SourceYearAimofstudyMethodsCountryParticipantsDatabaseFindings 1[28]2010(a)Anoverview methodsand techniquesof KM (b)Challenges andneedsofKM (c)KM application healthcareand KMfuture
–––IGI(a)Byadopting KMwayscomplexnesschallengesfacing thehealthcaresectorareoftenresolved. (b)UsingKMinhealthcarepromisesto supportthequalityofpatientcareby ensuringcontinuityofcare (c)ImplementationofKMsystemfor healthcanchangehealthpartnersto conductevidencebasedfollowandto collaboratedependrelyuponthesupplyof bestknowledge 2[27]2011(a)DefineKM anditsimpact whichcan supportin decisionmaking (b)The importanceof usingrealdatain thestudyofthe researchbasefor the implementation ofknowledge managementin thehealthcare industry SurveyTaiwan227doctors, nursesand technicians
Science Direct(a)ManyTaiwaneseorganizations supportedthemanagementofclassified knowledge,andthegovernmenthascreated numerousgoverningmechanismsforthis (b)Thedevelopmentandimplementation ofKMinthehealthcaresectorisnot noticeable,especiallyintheareaof infectioncontrol (continued)
Critical Review of Knowledge Management in Healthcare 113
Table8(continued) #SourceYearAimofstudyMethodsCountryParticipantsDatabaseFindings 3[25]2012(a)Improve considerate aboutroleof knowledgeand informationin processingof healthcare (b)Tosupport serviceprovision itsneedtobuild basisfor practices InterviewFinland32patientand differentlevel personnel
Emerald(a)Foranalyzingvariousaspectsof knowledgemanagementinthehealth processasystematicframeworkneedtobe Provide (b)Providesusefulideasforanalysing knowledge-dependonthebasicsof medicalservices 4[26]2012(a)Findoutto whatextent institutional structures contributetothe sharingof knowledgeand itsimpacton organizational performance
SurveyUnited States220medical staffEmerald(a)Institutionshaveseverelycompromised knowledgesharingpracticesandtogether dramaticallyimprovespatientsafety (b)Institutionalstructuresthathadamajor impactonleadershiprolesandalsothe limitationofrepressingbehaviour, successivelytogetherconsiderablyimprove itspatientcare 5[22]2013(a)Explainrole ofknowledge managementin healthcaresector –––Science Direct(a)Newwaysofoperatingwereneeded whenthenumberofplayersandthe exponentialincreased (b)Anewbusinessmodelneedtobebuilt aroundthesector’smostprizedresource (continued)
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Table8(continued) #SourceYearAimofstudyMethodsCountryParticipantsDatabaseFindings 6[24]2014(c)Whatare somecommon featuresof managingpublic health knowledge sharingportals? (d)Howcan KEPhelp manage knowledgefor healthcare professionals? (e)DoKEPs effectivelyapply themand facilitate knowledge managementin publichealth practices?
Peer-reviewed andgrey literature
––Science Direct(a)Accessingresourcesinoneplace, sharinganddistributinginformation,and bringingpeopletogethertoexchangethe knowledgeisdonebyusingknowledge exchangeportalsasaplatform 7[31]2016(a)DiscussKM models (b)Development ofproposed framework
–––IGI(a)Lackingofexpansiveanddetailedfocus ontheroleoftheuppermanagementin knowledgesharingandcreation (b)Processeslinkedtothetransferof knowledgecreationandapplicationinside thehealthorganizationmayvary dependingonthetypeofworkofeach groupofworkers (continued)
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Table8(continued) #SourceYearAimofstudyMethodsCountryParticipantsDatabaseFindings 8[30]2015(a)Statusof healthcare professionals shareknowledge intheGhanaian healthcaresector (b)Challenges thathealthcare professionalsin Ghanafacein sharing knowledge ResearchpaperGhana15doctors, nurses, pharmacists, physician assistantsand biomedical scientists
Emerald(a)Noformalknowledgemanagement systemsforhealthcare (b)Healthcareprofessionalsdependon informalconversationsandseminarsto shareknowledge 9[23]2018(a)Identify knowledge management enablers (b)Identifyand analysethe relationships betweenthe enablersusing ISMtechnique (c)Improvea hierarchyof enablerswithin Pakistan healthcaresector
–Pakistan–MDPI(a)Thebaseenabler,policyincentiveis focusedon,itwillleadtowardmore facilitatorsthatwillsupportforsuccessful implementationofKM (continued)
116 A. Almansoori et al.
Table8(continued) #SourceYearAimofstudyMethodsCountryParticipantsDatabaseFindings 10[29]2018(a)Identifyand analysethe barriers (b)Howthe differentbarriers supportand influenceeach other –Pakistan–MDPI(a)TheISMmethoddoesnotstatistically checkrelationships;ISMisatoolthat assistancesindevelopingoriginalmodels (b)SEMcanstatisticallyverifythemand proposeforthiscase
Critical Review of Knowledge Management in Healthcare 117
surveys as a method for data collection is the reason for positive outcomes results.
Third, 60% of the analyzed studies registered positive research outcomes, followed by 30% as neutral outcomes. Forth, in terms of participants, most of the analyzed studies were primarily focused on doctors, nurses, patients, and technical staff in terms of data collection. Fifth, most of the analyzed studies were carried out in Pak- istan, followed by whoever the United Stated, Ghana, Taiwan, and Finland. Sixth, the number of publications concerned with KM related to healthcare are increasing.
This study witnessed a remarkable increase in published articles in 2012 and 2018.
As a limitation, specific databases restricted collecting research studies for this systematic review, such as Emerald, ScienceDirect, MDPI, and IGI. Those databases could not provide a good illustration of the relationship between articles published on KM and healthcare. Further research could be extended in the future to include studies from other databases such as Web of Science, Scopus, and Sage.
Acknowledgements This work is a part of a project undertaken at the British University in Dubai.
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