Transmission, and the Immune System Nourishment
8.15 Conclusion
The Wuhan-born novel coronavirus is only 4 months old, but it has affected more than 3 mil- lion people worldwide. With a case fatality of 6.9%, the novel coronavirus disease, COVID-19,
has claimed more than 200,000 lives, whereas the previous outbreaks of SARS and MERS by coro- naviruses caused a total of fewer than 2000 deaths. Besides, coronaviruses have introduced diseases to humans for 60 years ago, but none of them could spread such rapidly.
Older age groups have appeared especially vulnerable during the outbreak of COVID-19.
Interestingly, there is a direct association between age and peak viral loads. By contrast, no correla- tion exists between disease severity and viral loads. It reveals to us that the novel coronavirus would replicate to a similar degree in patients with severe and non-severe forms of disease and that what divides patients into severe and non- severe groups is the individual response to the infection. Moreover, age has a determining role in individual response to COVID-19.
The present chapter provided evidence that the COVID-19 can escape the immune system due to its power to profoundly diminish T-cell effective function, which is necessary for the establishment of a robust antiviral immunity.
Also, it characterized a lethal model of disease for COVID-19 through macrophage missiles and cytokine storm by the trained immunocompetent system (Rokni et al. 2020). The fact that younger age groups, including neonates and children, are less susceptible to COVID-19 than older age groups reflects that the natural affinities of the immune system that has not been trained thor- oughly would be standard in combatting against COVID-19 whereas the higher affinities of the trained immune system for rapid activation of immune responses might raise faults – the lungs come down.
Early or late, COVID-19 has affected more than 210 countries as of writing this. Simulations suggest that the world should be prepared for the next COVID-19 outbreak, while many countries are combatting and national healthcare services close to kneeling during the first COVID-19 out- break. No one can entertain doubt in the neces- sity of national solutions. However, the causative agent of the COVID-19 outbreak is a doubtful species that has captured the globe without exception. No national solution can change the
fact that humans have a limited tolerance to phys- ical distancing strategies and travel restrictions.
A universal solution that aims to solve the prob- lem of COVID-19 worldwide would be helpful to all affected nations (Mohamed et al. 2020a;
Momtazmanesh et al. 2020; Moradian et al.
2020).
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