EXPERIMENT

Green Design

II. EXPERIMENT

observations and experiments on adhesives that are suitable as adhesives for pine cone aggregates.

The questions will be looked for answers before doing material research. The author may find it difficult to express design in this way, because much of the design process is intuitive and unconscious, relying on pictures, metaphors, and tacit knowledge rather than explicit knowledge and logical thinking.

However, these steps are very important for research. Mention the design hypothesis (this is derived from the design goals and objectives).

 If we observe the characteristics of the texture of the material processed from pine cones applied to interior components and furniture, what happens? and what change of treatment is expected?

 What would be the solution to get this result (e.g.

Dimension reduction, smaller furniture, more visual appearance)?

B. Expected Results.

 What other treatments or results will tell that the hypothesis has a response?

 Why did the researcher choose this indicator?

Example : the selection of building materials by designers and manufacturers that are applied based on consideration in aspects of meeting technical requirements such as durability, moisture content, flexural strength and aesthetic functions such as texture shape. In response to this, designers are concerned with innovation and new ideas, because the application of materials for the construction of interior components can improve the quality of interaction between users and the atmosphere of space.

C. Design hypothesis.

The material used for the interior components of various building types includes the following features and intended purposes such as:

walls, floors, ceiling and furniture, is a good visual access in space and room facilities, so visitors / users / managers can interact by seeing and feeling a certain atmosphere that is happening in the area.

D. Expected Results.

This design component is usually not well articulated. However, to assess the impact of a design, the expected results need to be clearly stated because this serves as a measure of success. For example, indicators of the potential success of pine cone aggregate materials can be increased for use in building interior components such as walls, floors, ceilings and furniture. an increase in the aesthetic

value of the material felt by the user, increased knowledge about the application of the design by using aggregate material from pine cones.

E. Research Methods

The method used in this research is observation and experiment on pine cone material which is extracted with an adhesive solution with the aim of becoming an alternative natural textured material to replace the original natural origin material (wood from forest products). Further research will use the following methods:

quantitative methods, quantitative data also includes size, length, thickness, width, height, surface area of the field, the level of effectiveness of use. Thus, quantitative data can include subjective and objective actions. (Cindy Coleman, 2002).

F. Measurement.

Objective technique, studying things that are independent of the mind - that is, features and characteristics of objects. For example, one's feelings about the amount of privacy experienced in a place where construction uses certain natural or artificial materials is a subjective measure. Physical measurements of space (for example: partition height, area thickness), surface treatment of materials and acoustics, all of which affect the perception of privacy, are objective measures.

Subjective assessments use techniques such as rating scales, while objective assessments use physical measurements that are translated into numbers (length, width, height, etc.).

G. Survey

Survey, observing at the Pine Forest Conservation location Cikole Village, Lembang District, North Bandung Regency. Some of the main issues to consider in developing a survey are as follows: identify what you want to know and why.

Many design evaluation surveys ask respondents to rate both overall satisfaction with specific environmental features as well as their level of importance. (Interior Design Handbook of McGraw- Hill's Professional Practice Cindy Coleman, Editor- in-Chief)

microsporangiate, which is not an easy general use term. Also the term "catkins" (from cat tail).

To find out the good quality of aggregates produced from ground pine cones can be seen from the results of fiber testing how much: water content, hardness, hardness while physical testing by sensory testing of texture, color and durability. Basically, the aggregate of the pine cone wood cone extracted with an adhesive solution that has a strong adhesive power, then stirred evenly and cast into the mold (matres) that has been provided according to the desired design. To unify the aggregate into a solid material the writer has tested several types of adhesive materials and it was decided that the most suitable adhesives for gluing pine cones, namely with Epoxy type. Adhesives are natural or synthetic binders that are used by coating the two surfaces to be bonded.

Epoxy Adhesive is a 2 component adhesive consisting of Resin and Hardener. Both are placed in separate places and if used will be mixed and stirred until smooth. This 2 component Epoxy glue has high adhesion, strength / strength and is more resistant to high temperatures.

If it is to be used, the mixing of resin and hardener is affected by the accuracy of the ratio of the number (mix ratio), temperature and humidity.

Epoxy Adhesive 2 component solution with a comparison composition, H: R = 1: 1 (volume / volume). Allowable tolerance limit if one is over is a maximum of 5% excess Resin. (SENTRA POLIMER, Polymer Information Media - Year VII Number 30 - August 2009 Edition - ISSN 1693 6132)

TABLE 1. Epoxy Product Data

N o .

Weber Epoxy Product name Physical

Properties Technical Data

Application data Mix ratio, H: R = 1: 1

1.

 Weber Epoxy

 Type:

General

 Basic Solvents:

Bisphenol (Resin) and Polyamide (Hardener)

 Solvents:

Toluene / Xylene

 Color:

Resin:

clear

 Color:

Hardener:

clear- brown

 Phase: Gel - Liquid

 Smell:

Typical sting

 Solid Contain:

97.47%

 Viscosity:

Resin:

3,400 - 3,800 (cps), (BF, sp6- rpm10)

 Viscosity:

Hardener:

5,000- 6,000 cps (BF, sp6- rpm10)

 Dry touch:

2 hours

 Dry Wipe:

3 hours

 Fingerprin t free: 4 hours

 Dry hard:

12 hours

 Perfect Hard Dry:

72 hours

 Gel time:

90 minutes

Epoxy, is a liquid adhesive that has high strength, pore / gap filling capacity is quite wide, the structural ability to glue materials that are difficult to stick and waterproof properties, epoxies are definitely high-performance adhesives in the wood industry. Epoxy consists of epoxy resin and amine

hardener. The resin and hardener parts that are usually the same are mixed to activate the adhesive and start the evaporation process, which works by chemical reactions rather than evaporation of the solvent. The right proportion of mixing is important;

too many components will affect the strength of the bond. Because of the lack of solvents, epoxy has the ability to fill extraordinary gaps. (The Art of Woodworking - Beginners Guide., Brought To You by http://www.woodworkweb.com).

Panel products from Pinus mercusii wood cone is one of the material innovations for supporting interior components such as: sky, walls, floors and furniture. Also as an alternative material conventional material derived from wood (cambium). The advantages obtained from these panels from pine cones include: 1) Can produce natural textured artificial materials, 2) wood cone panels produced are more waterproof than conventional panels such as: gypsum, grc, plywood, hard board, MDF so it is suitable used to support construction in the tropics, 3) The shape can be made with a special design (custom), and a typical form that is produced using a printing tool (matres), 4) The process of milling and casting raw materials of pine cone aggregates does not cause problems, even with the presence of pine cone waste extraction activities can reduce environmental pollution around pine forests, 5) Ages of pine cones can be treated according to the shape of the design needed, 6) More cheap compared to the original wood material, 7) pine wood waste material is abundant especially in the dry season.

A. Panel products from Pinus merkusii wood cones (strobilus)

1. Material

a. Wood cone (stobilus);

b. Resin or Epoxy, as a cone adhesive aggregate for wood;

c. Transparent melamic laquer, as an aggregate filler filler;

2. Tool

a. Aluminum griddle size 40x40 cm, used as a container for drying and drying pine cone strands;

b. Ram wire hole size of 0.5 x 0.5 cm or to filter the aggregate that has been ground;

c. Grinding machine, used to break wood cone fibers into aggregates;

d. Scoop, used to stir epoxy resin dough;

e. CC measuring tube, used to measure chemical solutions;

f. The cup, used to stir the adhesive solution with

aggregate;

g. Prints of 60x60 cm, 30x30 cm (panel color as desired), for printing aggregate dough;

h. Fan, used to fan the odor of resin solution;

i. Clam, to clamp the product mold B. Making Process

a. Put 1 kg of pine cone granules / aggregate into a container, pour ¼ lt (25 cl) resin on the measuring cup and add 2.5 cl catalyst then stir until evenly distributed, then add pine cone and mix with resin solution = catalyst stir until evenly distributed, keep stirring for 3 minutes but still the entire surface of the pine cone aggregate can be covered;

b. After that, pour the pine cone aggregate mixture + resin + catalyst in a model mold with the entire surface polished with mirror glass (wax), wait for about 5-10 minutes, then the surface of the dough is covered with granite or iron plate and then clamped with clamps so that the during chemical heating the printed form is not curved;

Setelah 1 jam lalu hasil pengecoran pada cetakan dibuka dengan alat obeng atau pisau cater;

c. Clean the entire surface of the printed product by applying a ND thiner solution then wiping it with a brush or a plastic brush;

d. The next process, rinse with water + a little soap molds then drain with stacked in a horizontal position in a place that is not exposed to direct sunlight.

TABLE 2. Cone Pine (strobilus)

No.

Cones Pine ( Strobilus) Name - Objek Dimensi

mm Information

1

Ø : 30,5 – 50 High : 50 - 140

Wood Cones (Cones, Strobilus) Pine

2

A

B

D C

Ø : 20,5 – 30 High :

100 - 140

Cone Haploxylon A.Peduncle B.Seed scale

apophysis C.Seed (adnate) D.Terminal umbo

3

A

B D

C

Ø : 40,5 – 50 High : 50 - 80

Cone Diploxylon A.Peduncle

B. Seed scale apophysis C. Seed (articulate) D.Dorsal umbo with

prickle

4 Agregat

: 3 - 10

Wood Cone Aggregate (strobilus)

No.

Cones Pine ( Strobilus) Name - Objek Dimensi

mm Information

5 Image

copyright:

Excite Shop

Measuri ng cup : volume 1 liter

The cup where you mix the epoxy resin solution

C. The superiority of artificial panels from the pine cone Merkusii compared to other processed materials with the following considerations:

1) Being an alternative material for building construction materials and furniture interiors.

2) Raw material is easy to get, because it is a large amount of scattered waste around the protected forest area.

3) Can be mass produced with medium technology such as for Panel products: Walls, Floors, Ceilings

4) Safe and environmentally friendly because it is processed with adhesives made from pine.

5) Pine Cone Aggregate is not fly and when it is burned it smells of smoke and can neutralize air pollution.

6) Natural Scented Pine Wood Cone Panel that can support work activities and the interior atmosphere of certain buildings.

TABLE 3. Pine Cone Panel Product Data

N o.

Pine Wood (Strobilus) Panel Products Name - Objek Dimensi

mm Information

2. 600 x 600 Floor Products

(indoor)

3. 300 x 300 Wall Products

(indoor)

N o.

Pine Wood (Strobilus) Panel Products Name - Objek Dimensi

mm Information

4.

5. 600 x 600 Ceiling

products

6.

300 x 600

300 x 900

Night table lamp

Standing lamp

7.

600 x 1400

Work area product dividers

8. 600 x 600 Wall products

(tile)

D. Socialization and Advocacy of Cones Pinus merkusii Wood Cone Panel

1. Dissemination of the use of pine cone panels.

Responding to the logging and scaffolding of wooden branches that are rife by the community around the forest, we conduct socialization and advocacy to the community precisely in the area of the Pine Forest Cikole Village, Lembang District. The response of the people living around the village was very positive with the use of pine wood cone waste into an artificial panel as an alternative to wood- based materials.

2. Advocacy for communities around the forest.

Advocacy is carried out as a form of assistance and training for wood scaffolding to move to the collection of pine cone (konus) wood cone waste. There are still many people who consciously or not, more often cut branches for firewood at home and some are sold. This condition then needs to be anticipated by giving awareness that conducting checks is part of the form of forest destruction.

E. Potential Development

Utilization of cone wood (conus) Pine merkusii into artificial wood panels, has the potential to be an alternative material that is easily made and environmentally friendly. The panel of wood cone aggregate (conus) is also an added value in the economy through the collection of pine cone waste for the village community around the forest. When calculating the Budget Plan for Making a Pine Wood Cone Panel measuring: 242 x 122 x 18 CM, the details are as follows: 10 kg of pine cone valued at Rp. 1000, -, the wage of pemipilan becomes an aggregate of Rp. 100, - / kg., For drying clothes Rp.

50, - / kg. 1 Liter resin Rp. 120,000, - 1 Centiliter catalyst Rp. 20,000, - Mirrorglass / wax Rp. 75,000, Supporting materials Rp. 75,000, - Employment 4 people Rp. 300,000, - others Rp.50,000, - The total cost of raw materials and supporting equipment is Rp.852,000, - if calculated based on the unit Panels that are spacious: 142x122x18 cm = 311,832 cm³, the production costs = Rp. 27,322 / m², so the production cost per panel measuring 142x122x18 cm is Rp.85,198 / sheet, - this will be a business opportunity for collecting pine cones, especially for rural communities around the forest area.

III. CLOSING