Green Design
II. RESEARCH METHODS
This study is descriptive in nature, so theoretical understanding efforts are carried out with the approach of observing studies and deepening of insight, through the process of ethnographic research methodology developed by Spradley [6]. The ethnographic research method is one of the methods that is quite relevant for the study of this study which is sourced from the socio-cultural phenomenology of rural communities in the area. The research began with a literature study on Bebegig Sukamantri and the concept of behavior of the art enthusiast community, as a provision of knowledge to conduct observations, interviews, recording, documentation and recording.
In order to obtain comprehensive data which is an integrated whole, a description method is used because the problem under study is related to the concept of behavior and life of the village community. Data collection uses observation techniques (field work observation) and ethnographic interviews (ethnographic interviews) using data collection guidelines or observation techniques, mainly carried out to find out the various phenomena behind the Bebegig Sukamantri art activities. both physical, social, economic and cultural based on direct observation that can complement and clarify data obtained through interviews, as well as to obtain data that might not be revealed through interviews or face to face. Interview techniques are used to obtain primary data, namely directly from the source itself, both regarding views or opinions as well as the facts experienced by arts and tourism business people, so that the data obtained has a high enough validity and can be trusted.
Interviews conducted are open, in the sense of giving the freedom for the informants to answer questions and provide views freely and openly and allow to ask questions in depth. Informants are determined purposively, that is the type of sampling based on the researchers' judgment or judgment with the assumption that the informant is chosen representative of the population.
In relation to the development of souvenirs, the design process and development of industrial product designs are carried out through collaborative processes based on ethnographic data obtained. This process requires an ergocultural implementation approach (ergonomics-culture or ergonomics rules in the dimensions of local culture).
Ergonomics is an applied science that makes humans a top priority in product design, while culture is a content of the achievements of a typical civilization based on an understanding of local intelligence, local wisdom, and local genius that forms cultural originality or local genue. As in the following scheme:
Fig. 2.mThe concept of ethnographic studies in the cultural sector involving the application of science and technology Adaptation from Spradley (1985), Fetterman (1998) and Agar (2006)
The ethnographic implementation in Product Design science is about observing what people do as an socio- cultural perspective that influences design decisions. Another point of view involved in product formation is the technological application paradigm in the form of participatory design in the form of competence in creating and producing (what people make) integrated with elements of science based on local wisdom, which can be absorbed through direct interviews (traditional interviewing) regarding the basic abilities possessed by certain cultural communities (what people say they do). Both of these elements are rules that can be covered in the field of macro ergonomics. Thus the study of ergonomics that includes cultural values can be referred to as ergocultural, which is an element of convergence with ethnography to uncover the veil of science and technology owned by a society.
III. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
The study of the existence of souvenirs is marked by finding several types of souvenirs that are published in various social media. Souvenir collections related to Sukamantri bebegig themes include:
Table 1: Existing souvenir data
No Souvenir Type Explanation 1
Children's reading books about Bebegig. Produced in very limited quantities.
2
T-Shirt with the theme of Bebegig Sukamantri, is still a special order so it is not freely available at T-Shirt sales shops around Ciamis City.
3 The guise of Bebegig (Mask Bebegig Sukamantri), a variety of sizes and patterns, which are only sold close to the scheduled
implementation of an event.
4
Kolotok is a quite unique part of Bebegig Sukamantri, mounted behind the body that sounds loud when bebegig moves. Kolotok is also used in buffaloes in the ngawuluku process. But kolotok has been developed by Pamarican District, as a regional tourism product in the form of a mini kolotok replica.
Based on this data, souvenirs related to Bebegig Sukamantri have long been considered by the people of Sukamantri District by releasing around four types of souvenirs, books, bebegig picture T-shirts, bebegig masks and the kolotok. The people of Cibeureum Village who were the target of development as creative villages, developed several new types of souvenirs, including:
Table 2: New souvenir data
No Souvenir Type Explanation
1
Bebegig Mini Mask key chain, made of wood carving and printed resin. This key chain received a very high response from respondents, ie 70% of all respondents, amounting to 75 people of
various ages and
occupations. Wooden keychains have the possibility to be developed more than resin materials which tend to be inexpensive.
2
Bamboo stationery with the character of Bebegig Sukamantri. The stationary with the relief of Bebegig Sukamantri received a response of about 10% of respondents. To become a souvenir needed by Bebegig Sukamantri fans, it needs to be redesigned by using more beautiful color and texture.
3
Bamboo brooch with Bebegig Sukamantri characters. The design of the bamboo brooch with Bebegig's character did not get a response, from 75 respondents none were interested in this product. In a design study, the color and clarity of the characters displayed are required.
4 Frame with reliefs from
wood powder themed Bebegig Sukamantri. Like the bamboo brooch, this frame did not get a response from respondents. This product does not provide nuances of art that can be displayed as an interior aesthetic element.
5
Dolls with the Bebegig Sukamantri theme. Dolls or action figures that can move because of springs, get a good response, which is 15%, so it has good potential to be developed. Some respondents suggested using other stronger materials such as terracotta ceramics, plastic or stone.
6 Sukamantri Bebegig
Ornamental Batik
Patterns. Batik patterns get a response of 5%, and has the potential to be developed in various forms. Not only for clothing, but become the main material for making bags, shoes and various other community needs.
Based on public opinion, there are many possibilities to create souvenir designs with Bebegig Sukamantri theme that can be developed as regional tourism souvenirs. Some ideas continue to be developed to fill alternative designs that can be chosen by the community when visiting Ciamis Regency.
IV. CONCLUTION
The study from the point of view of product design and fine arts in examining the philosophical aspects of the form and its attributes that are full of meaning, states that the Bebegig Sukamantri can be interpreted as local wisdom of the Sukamantri community which is very important to be preserved as a great cultural heritage.
The effort to preserve this cultural heritage from the scientific role of product design is through aesthetic representation and visualization of the uniqueness of its artistic attributes through souvenirs. Representation of aesthetic value and relevant visualization is in the form of three-dimensional objects, souvenirs from Bebegig Sukamantri can be displayed as aesthetic elements of home décor or as icons on several other functional objects. New design ideas are constantly needed to add variety and choice.
V. NOVELTY
This research found that there are three types of astral creatures in Sundanese culture in Indonesia, which originated from Hindu culture, namely: Detya, Danawa and Yaksa, are astral giants who have the same duties and obligations, but are divided into three according to the Ancient Sundanese community group namely Rama- Reshi- Ratu. The Detya-Danawa-Yaksa characteristics are as follows:
Picture 3. The characteristics of Detya-Danawa-Yaksa The mask with the Detya group is a mask that is general and simple, that is, without the fancy decoration attributes and religious attributes like there are in other groups.
Detya's mask represents the general public or commoners who form the largest part of the Sundanese social structure.
The mask of the manifestation of Detya consists of many characters and colors, but has the same characteristics, namely simplicity and innocence, this is exactly the same as the principle of the Rama group which originates from a father's wisdom towards his family in navigating life in the world. The Rama community is the strongest foundation of the Sundanese social structure, so it becomes the most important element that is very influential on the nation's resilience.
The Danawa's embodiment mask consists of many characters and colors, but has some similarities, namely having religious attributes such as grains of japamala for praying and counting spells, or a slave necklace in the shape of a slave necklace that illustrates the totality of devotion to Gods. The Danawa is the ancestral spirit that protects people who are devoted as clergy, monks, priests or rishis.
The manifestation mask of the Yaksa also consists of many characters and colors, in general having similarities in the form of the use of makuta (crowns), war helmets, and
various headbands with its jewelry attributes. This attribute shows that the Yaksa mask has a mark of nobility, statesmanship and is associated with elements of governmental power.
These three profiles of astral beings were previously unknown in the process of making Bebegig masks, which were made without prior planning. This disclosure has a significant impact on the mask crafters, who can accept the existence of a strong philosophical content as a result of the thought of ancestors that is very deep and provides moral messages, political messages and management concepts in managing a community, with the principle of tritangtu or triumvirate between Rama-Resi- Ratu protected by Detya- Danawa-Yaksa. [7] This concept is relevant to the Sundanese principle of life, namely Silih Asih (loving each other), Silih Asuh (caring for each other) and Silih Asah (strengthening each other) in the life order which includes three rules Sundanese patikrama or legislative-legislative- executive-law. This Sundanese cosmology still lives in both the padukuhan and rural areas. [8]
Based on these findings, Bebegig Sukamantri's souvenir concept needs to consider the Detya-Danawa-Yaksa criteria, both in appearance and character. In fact, it is very possible that people have a tendency to choose and determine their own character that is relevant to the character of Bebegig Sukamantri. For example, a State Civil Apparatus should choose a Yaksa-style souvenir, which is crowned bebegig because it is an embodiment of the criteria of the Ratu who works in the field of government.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This research was supported by LP2M Itenas. We would like to thank the informants and participants in this research.
REFERENCES
[1] Dharmawan, D. & Palusen, d., 2018. Penetapan Warisan Budaya Takbenda Indonesia Tahun 2018, Jakarta: Direktorat Warisan &
Diplomasi Budaya Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan RI.
[2] Foley,K. 2001. The Origin of Kala; A Sundanese Wayang Golek Play by Abah Sunarya and Gamelan Giri Harja I. Asian Theatre Journal, 18.1, 1-58
[3] Sumaryono, 2011. Cerita Panji, Antara Mitos dan Sejarah. Mudra, 26(1), pp. 17-24.
[4] Alfian, T. I., 1992. Tentang Metode Sejarah. In: 1st, ed. Dari Babad dan Hikayat Sampai Sejarah Kritis. Yogyakarta: Gajah Mada University Press.
[5] Wolf, J., 1981. The Social Production of Art. 1st ed. New York: St.
Martin Press Inc.
[6] Spradley, J., 2007. Metode Etnografi. 1st ed. Yogyakarta: Tiara Wacana.
[7] Sumardjo, J., 2009. Kosmologi dan Pola Tiga Sunda. Imaji Vol 4 No 2, pp. 101-110.
[8] Putra, E. S., 2018. Komparasi Patikrama Tatanen Huma Sunda Di Padukuhan dan Pedesaan Di Jawa Barat. Patanjala, 10(3), pp. 487- 505.
.
The Learning Medium Design Of Creative Literacy For 4-6 Years Old Kids Based On Used Oil Bottle
Exploration
Sulistyo Setiawan Product Design Department Institut Teknologi Nasional
Jl. PKH. Mustapha No. 23 Bandung, Indonesia [email protected]
Abstract - Based on a survey conducted by Central Connecticut State University in 2016 in New Britain, Conn, United States, Indonesian literacy skills ranked 60th out of 61 countries surveyed. While the results of the PISA Indonesia survey are ranked 64th out of 72 countries. If you want to be able to compete in the digital age, then this country must improve the literacy skills of its people, which are also accompanied by creative thinking skills. Both of these skills must begin to be developed from an early age child in this study selected children aged 4-6 years through creative literacy learning. So that learning is meaningful for children, it takes a happy atmosphere and involves multisensory. The multisensory involvement can be facilitated by wayang media which in this study the design was developed from used oil bottles. From the prototype trial that was produced from the Research and Development research method, it was found that the media created was very effective in developing children's creative literacy skills.
Keywords - children aged 4-6 years, creative literacy, multisensory, puppets, used oil bottles
I. INTRODUCTION
When listening to the history of the civilization of an advanced nation, it can be said that the progress was built by the people who have a high level of literacy. This high level of literacy directly affects the development of life skills - communicating, collaborating, thinking critically, and acting creatively - which allows them to sit as low, stand as tall as other nations. To foster literacy skills, serious, continuous and ongoing efforts are needed to form a literacy culture.
But in reality, Indonesia as a country with an area of 5,193,250 km2 which includes land and sea, consists of 17,508 islands, has a population of 5,193,250 million people with 1,128 ethnic groups based on a survey conducted by Central Connecticut State University in
2016 in New Britain , Conn, United States, Indonesia ranks 60th out of 61 countries surveyed. In addition, the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) survey results show that Indonesia is ranked 64th out of 72 countries [1]. Previously, a survey conducted by UNESCO in 2014 stated that Indonesian children read only 27 pages of books in one year. That means Indonesian children are not able to read until the end of one novel book with a total of 50-100 pages within a period of one year.
Literacy in question earlier the simplest definition is an ability to read and write. However, according to Kirsch and Jungeblut [2], contemporary literacy is defined as a person's ability to utilize written or printed information to develop knowledge so that it benefits the wider community.
In connection with this research study, children aged 4 to 6 years, is the right age to start teaching literacy [3] which generally goes to Early Childhood Education (PAUD), based on observations made by the author in two PAUD institutions has quite good literacy and numeracy skills.
Even so, in terms of teaching and learning in general, the two institutions are still using formal methods and have not yet developed creative methods so that in this literacy case children have also not yet developed their creativity.
However, in the 21st century, especially in the coming 22nd century, other abilities or abilities are needed to deal with so many problems that arise that must be sought and found ways to solve them. The kecapakan is creative thinking (creative thinking). In addition, developing children's literacy abilities must be in a happy atmosphere and involve multi-sensory / multisensory [4]. For this reason, literacy skills, creative skills, happy atmosphere and multisensory activities need to be integrated into an activity that can develop children's optimal literacy abilities. The happy atmosphere can be built with the activities of storytelling, singing, and playing [5]. In order to carry out these activities we need a media that is suitable and able to support it, one of which is wayang.
Related to puppets furthermore Lestari [6] states that wayang can develop language skills where children can express what they feel when they are unable to express it to others. In addition, the child's expressive language
skills will be stimulated when interacting with puppets.
The puppet design will be developed in this study by exploring the used oil bottles in used goods collectors and motorcycle workshops.
II. METHOD
This research uses the Research and Development method which is a research method used to produce certain products, and tests the effectiveness of the product [7]
which has 10 stages but in this study the adjustment is made into 7 steps namely, 1. Potential and Problem; 2.
Data Collection; 3. Product Design; 4. Product Testing (initial prototype); 5. Product Revision; 6. Product Usage Trial; 7. Making the Final Prototype.
III. RESULT
In this study the authors conducted a survey of two PAUD institutions to observe the literacy activities carried out in the classroom and document the facilities and tools/media used by teachers to develop the literacy skills of children/students.
In the first institution the results of the observation and documentation can be seen in the following figures.
Fig. 1 Exercising for numerating, writing numbers and coloring pictures in a special book owned by each child
Fig. 2 Results of numerating exercises, writing numbers and coloring pictures
Fig. 3 Results of fine motor exercises by writing the alphabet
In the second PAUD, the learning management is organized by moving class according to the material that will be taught to children
Fig. 4 The teacher starts a reading activity using a book Aku Pintar Membaca
Fig. 5 The teacher shows a certain word and the child is individually asked to read the word
From the results of observations on the two previous PAUD institutions the writer concludes that the media and methods or methods of learning used by teachers are still not developed in accordance with the principles of creative literacy learning mentioned in Chapter II. So that it provides an opportunity for writers to develop the media and its methods.
Product Design. The process of designing a product that uses an exploratory approach includes stages: 1. Cleaning the used oil bottle from the remaining oil by washing it with soapy water which is put into the bottle and then shaken and brushed; 2. Soaking the oil bottle with soap water for about two hours to dissolve the remaining oil that is still attached to the inside of the bottle and softening the sticker paper attached to the outside of the bottle; 3. Cleaning the second stage of the inside of the bottle by brushing; 4. Cleaning the sticker paper that sticks to the outside of the bottle by brushing; 5.
Formation of the bottle into a puppet by cutting using a saw and cutter; 6. Perforate the bottle using solder; 7.
Assemble the mouth using rivet nails; 8. Sticking parts of the eye, and other parts; 9. Assemble the puppet handle and hand parts.
Fig. 6 "WABOLI" oil bottle puppet initial prototype stage
Product Testing (initial prototype). The initial prototype trial was carried out in one of PAUD which was carried out by teachers and students. From these trials input was obtained, among others: 1. The material used in developing this product was very appropriate because it was in line with the curriculum implemented at the school ie in making learning media must use used materials; 2.
Ergonomically the way to operationalize the puppet must be improved especially when holding the puppet, opening the puppet's mouth, and moving the puppet's hands simultaneously; 3. Puppets operated by students should be without hands because they are only able to use their hands with 2 movements (holding puppets and moving the puppet's mouth) with different hands.
Fig. 7 and 8 Waboli trials conducted by teachers
Product Revision. After testing the initial prototype, then the product being tested is revised based on input from the teachers, the results of which are as follows.
Fig. 9 Waboli revised results
Product Usage Trial. The next stage is product trials for use in actual learning which in this case are religious subjects.
Fig. 10 and 11 Try out the use of waboli in learning
From this trial it can be seen that the products designed in terms of as a medium for developing creative literacy are quite high in effectiveness which is characterized by the ability to tell in expressive language the teachers and students increase. The headmaster of the kindergarten where the trial was held stated that when using waboli to tell stories greatly helped him transform from being known as someone who was feared to someone who was funny, happy, and friendly with a lot of chattering.
Meanwhile, when tested on students, when in class they experience obstacles in telling stories because they are not accustomed. But when the trials were carried out at home they did not experience obstacles. "A" students are female, aged 4 years, making waboli a friend in communicating both in expressing words and singing.
While the male student "B" is 5 years old, using waboli as a media for dialogue with his parents.
Fig. 12 and 13 Trials conducted by student “A”
Fig. 14 and 15 Trial conducted by student "B"
Making Final Prototype. The last stage of the product design development process was carried out to perfect the prototype that had been tested, including adjusting the length of the puppet handle, the puppet handle using pvc pipe which was originally 16 mm in diameter, and 150 mm in length was replaced with 2 pieces of 40-meter yakult bottles. mm, and a length of 160 mm. In addition, the hook ring used to move the mouth of the puppet which was originally using a mineral water bottle cap is replaced with a 250 ml soft drink bottle cap. Also the rope replacement used to pull the mouth to move, which was originally replaced by nylon string nylon strings. All of these replacements were made so that the way to operationalize the puppet could be more ergonomic. The final prototype can be seen in the following figure.