The space between the gills is equal to the length of the gill sHt instead of half the length. Agrees with Garman's figure and description in all respects, except the length of the ostral tentacle, which in this specimen is half the length of the second part of the snout. The single pair of precaudals are almost in contact below, located immediately before the rudimentary rays of the caudal lobe.
318 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM
Gill-groups slender, 1 rudiment and 4 developed above angle of first arch, 1 or 2 elements and 10 or 11 developed below angle. Scales mostly lost; some others have remained exceedingly thin and flexible with the inner edges, those of the lateral line much higher than the others, but largely hidden by the overlapping of the steps above and below;. Supraanals angulate, first and second in a line parallel to fine lateral, slightly nearer ventral line than lateral line, first above or slightly before third ventral point, second vertically above first ray; the third supraanal contact with the lateral line, above the space between the first and second anals.
FISHES FROM SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA— GILBERT. 321
Bodynaked; mouth very large, similar to Malacosteids, the maxillary joint extending almost to the mandibular joint, the latter extending beyond the border of the eyes and well beyond the base of the pectorals. Ventrals well back at mid-length, close together on ventral surface, dorsal and anal far back near tail, nearly equal and opposite. The teeth in the premaxilla match those in the lower jaw in number and arrangement, but they are all shorter than the shortest part of the mandible.
324 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM
Snout rather long, slightly falling, 2^ times the diameter of the eye; mandible barely protruding, without symphyseal knob; oral cleft oblique, the maxillary passing a little in the middle of the eye, atriphless than the interorbital width; posterior margin of preoperclenar vertical, the anterior ridge with two or three teeth at an angle, the lower leg with well-marked divergent striae forming a continuous series with those on the interopercle; opercle with a strong ridge bearing upwards and backwards, and one downwards and backwards, continued across subopercle; the upper part contains a set of strong divergent striae; subopercle produced upwards and backwards to form a long pointed projection separated from the posterior margin of the opercle. Occipital region of skull firm and cartilaginous in texture; no cartilaginous area around the orbit; creststhinogpaper,tall,butlesssothaninP.heani,from the Atlantic. Gill rake long and slender, 5+14 on outer arch, the longest one-hundredth of the standard length; gill lamin very short, the outer row won the first arch shorter than the width of the arch.
328 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM
FISHES FROM SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA— GILBERT. 829 SEBASTOLOBUS ALTIVELIS Gilbert
Dorsal spine low, evenly rounded, membranes not deeply incised, fourth and fifth spines about equal, 2.4 in length of head; outer outline not deeply cut, thirteenth column equal to diameter of orbit, two-thirds as long. Each new specimen from station 4543, Monterey Bay, 53 to 93 fathoms, perfectly shows the characters of the species. 335 Spines low, spines rather strong, membranes not spinose dorsally low, spines rather strong, membranes not deeply incised.
336 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM
FISHES FROM SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA— GILBERT. 337
338 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM
FISHES FROM SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA— GILBERT. 339 The genus Chitonotus differs from Icelinus and Tarandichthys in
340 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEU2I
FISHES FROM SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA— GILBERT. 341
342 PROCEEDINGS OF THE XATIONAL MUSEUM
FISHES FROM SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA— GILBERT. 343 AVERRUNCUS EMMELANE Jordan and Starks
The dorsal finis normally inserts on the eighth plate of the dorsal series, but may occasionally vary to the extreme posterior margin of the seventh (pentacanthus), or the anterior margin of the ninth. But Bathyagonus comes from deeper water, the entire body and fins are black or brownish-black, the lower jaw lies outside the premaxillary bones instead of falling within them, and the thoracic margin is entire. A ventrolateral series of plates that are sharply spiny throughout, as are the lower lateral series, except the first 5 or 6.
346 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM
Very close to A', latifrons, different in color, the slimmer shape with longer caudal peduncle, the much longer lower lobe of the pectoral fin, the reduction of the plates on the thorax and behind the vent, and the absence of the series of spines on the eyeball , characteristic of all other known species of the genus. No preocular spines; a pair of slim post eyepieces; 2 pairs of occipital protuberances; a pair on the shoulder; nasal spines strong. Eyes very large, 2.75 inches in head, surface entirely smooth, without traces of the strong spine present in latifrons and other species.
Teeth in broad viliform bands on jaw; vomer with subcircular spot, truncate posteriorly; palatines with well-developed lenticular spots as wide as mandibular girdle. One long white maxillary barbel (split at tip on one side, in cotip) and one or two pairs of short mandibular barbels arising from margins of anterior pore.
FISHES FROM SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA— GILBERT. 349
350 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM
Bod}' with the ridges higher, the spines stronger, and the intermediate faces more deeply concave than inlatifrons, the arrangement otherwise similar. The ventral series of plates of bear spines run backwards to the front of the analfin, all of them. First dorsal spine inserted on the seventh, the last spine on the thirteenth plate of the dorsal series; first ray of second threshing floor the seventeenth, the last ray on the twenty-second plate.
They are evenly truncate when spread, the lower rays scarcely projecting beyond the general margin of the fin; membrane not incised between the upper unmodified and the lower thickened rays. Color oHve-brown, darker than in related species, this strongly marked on the underside of the tail, where the dark area extends far in front of the anal fin. About 8 distinct narrow dark crossbars on the back, better marked on the spine than on the spaces between the plates.
Dorsal smooth similar, but black basal band and trailing white band narrower, marginal black area covering more than half of feather. The normal arrangement of the breast plate is as follows: The intermediate series consists of two pairs in front of the ventricles, with a minute plate placed posteriorly between the bases of the two ventral fins; the front of the paired plates are unpaired tho-eemedian. On the side the 4 plates of the intermediate series form the anterior continuation of the ventro-lateral series, each plate with a strongly raised center.
A smaller spot is usually present between the eyes, one on the upper part of the eye and one on the median Une of the back between the first and second pairs of dorsal plates.
354 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM
Pectoral without deep notch, the lower three or four rays forming an elongated lobe, the long ray reaching beyond the front of the anal; the rays immediately above this lobe are more widely separated than those in the upper part of the rim. Length of head, twenty-two hundredths of total length without tail; greatest breadth of head, 13; greatest depth at occiput, 19;. Length of head one-thirtieth of total length to base of tail; greatest breadth of head, 17; greatest depth (at the neck), 26;.
Strong head profile, almost vertical muzzle; transverse interorbital region wide and flat; mouth horizontal, low profile, muzzle projecting a little beyond premaxillaries; maxillae extending to posterior margin of pupil; most of the teeth are both fairly short triangular jaws, with a distinct pair of lateral cusps, some of the teeth at the edge of the simple band. Snout and sides of the body dark; inner membranes of mouth, gill cavity and abdominal cavity jet black, opercular region and abdomen thus appear black. At the front of each jaw is a narrow series of strong conical teeth, the series continued at the lateral edges of the jaws and the teeth there are much reduced.
Behind the outer series is another broad patch short, shaped teeth, which is limited to the front part of the jaw, the spot the mandible smaller than that in the maxillary. Series of large pores along snout and mandibles, all other pore heads moderate or small; two of these are conspicuously placed in the same vertical behmd track, one on the preopercular margin above. Pectorals reaching halfway from their base to the front of the analfin; posterior margin of pectorals broadly rounded, the rays are branched, the lower rays with thickened mem-.
Vertical fins scaled almost to their tips; pectorals with about half of posterior face and basal third of anterior face scaled.
362 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM
Gill openings narrower than in Bothrocara, the distance between their lower ends equaling the length of the nose, less than two-thirds of the length. Thoracic organs with a broad base, the posterior margin evenly rounded, the length a little more than half a head, more than one-third the distance from its base to the origmophanal; pectoralrays twice or thrice forked. Scales, small, rounded, non-overlapping and rather distant, covering sides of body and basal parts of vertical fins; the pectoral fins and the distal parts of the vertical fins, the neck and the whole head.
A deep-sea Lycodid, without ventral fins, with wide gill slits continued below the throat, the two now separated anteriorly; the bones of the head deeply channeled for sensory canals;. Head length, 24.5 hundredths of the total length; diameter of eye, 5.3; mterorbital width, 4.5 (bony interorbital width, 3.5); length of snout, 7.5; length of maxillary, 10; greatest postocular width of head, 10; distance between anterior edges of giU slits, 1.3; distance from snout to anterior ends of giU slits, 14; greatest depth of body, 15;. 365distance from tip of snout to base of first dorsal ray, 26.6; distance distance from tip of snout to base of first dorsal ray, 26.6; distance from tip of snout to vent, 40; length of longest dorsal rays, 7.2;.
Body compressed, sides of head vertical, greatest depth that front of dorsal; profile of head descends in a straight line from occiput to snout, the profile of the latter made concave due to side. Mandibular teeth in a broad band anteriorly, the outer series scarcely enlarged, the band rapidly tapering laterally to an irregular single series or a narrow band; premaxiUary teeth consisting of outer rows, usually more or less anteriorly enlarged, and an inner row of shorter, more slender teeth directed downwards and backwards. GiU fissures continued far forward below the throat, separated by a narrow isthmus, which is behind the vertical of posterior margin for a distance but just less than the ocular diameter.
Body complete and fairly closely scaled; scales on chest, belly and neck have become much smaller; head naked; foreparts of the dorsa and anal fins covered with thick gelatinous tissue, and scaled almost to their marguis; posteriorly the naked edge rapidly widens until it encompasses the entire height of the fins; pectoral muscles are scaled only on the extreme base.
366 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM
368 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM
Gill rakers wider than high—conspicuously different in this respect from L.fierasfer—spinning on the inner margin, reduced anteriorly to tubercles, 12within the anterior limb of the outer arch, one just above the angle. The gill slit is extremely oblique, extending across the chest for a distance corresponding to three-quarters of the width of the base of the chest. Sensory pores on the head are strongly marked, notably 1 in the middle of the interorbital space, 1 above the posterior orbital margin, 2 in the nasal region, and 3 on the lower jaw.
Total length to base of caudal, 102 mm, the following measurements in hundredths of this length: Length of head, 17.5; breadth of head, 7; bony interorbital width, 2; diameter of eye, 4; length of snout, 4.7; length of maxiJlary, 8; distance from the tip of the mandible to the posterior edge of the gill membrane, 9; from the posterior edge of the gill. Teeth larger than in any other species of the genus, the anterior series in the symphysis and half of the lower jaw developed as curved canines, initially oriented horizontally, and not opposed to the upper jaw. Gill slit extending well above the base of the pectoral muscles; The gill membranes are connected anteriorly and clear of the isthmus, with the posterior margin crossing the isthmus at a point slightly posterior to the mandible.
Anterior profile sloping in a smooth curve from the front of the dorsal to the tip of the snout, the. Muzzle short, depressed, the axial length 0.19, length of the head, the distance from the tip of the snout to the front of the eye 0.23, from the tip of the snout to the front of the premaxillaries 0.11 . The tip of the spine extends beyond the rest of the fin as a very short filament; the length of the spine is 0.61 of the length of the head; base of first dorsal, 0.34; interdorsal spacing, 0.66.
Those on the rest of the body have the entire margin, the rough area confined to the central part of the shell within the margin, and often reduced to a few spines in a single mid-ridge.
376 PROCEEDIXGS OF THE AM T/O-YAL MUSEUM
378 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM
The occipital area is raised, the profile is strongly convex; interorbital fossa wide and deep; the supraorbital rim broadens posteriorly, with an inner and an outer edge, the intermediate surface being gently concave; the inner pair of slow and parallel ridges bounding the interorbital fossa, the outer pair higher, widely divergent, each terminating in a strong spine, directed obliquely upwards, outwards and backwards; at the front, where the two ridges meet, each edge is abruptly curved inward, creating a notched appearance when viewed from above. Mandibular teeth are impressionable, in a single irregular series, longer and shorter teeth alternately, 13 to 15 in number; teeth in the mid jaw smaller than half the size of the mandibular teeth, otherwise similar, with a wide central area toothless; vomerwith 3 teeth on each side, in a single series, the center area naked; inner teeth minute, the middle pair of each group slightly larger, the outer pair about the size of the largest mandibular teeth. Two interlocking spines are located in the corner of the preopercle, the outer one on the preopercle, directed outwards and slightly downwards, the inner one on the mandibular margin, directed backwards and slightly upwards.
