بررسی عددی اثر تعداد طبقات بر عملکرد میکروشیر تسلا و مقایسه با میکروشیر نازل-دیفیوزری

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91

ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺎﺑ

ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ

هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺪﺷ . زا

رﺎﻜﺷآ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ . ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ

ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻲﮔﺪﻴﭽﻴﭘ ار

ﺮﻴﺷ ﻼﺴﺗ رد ﻦﻴﺑ

ﺖﻴﻠﺑﺎﻗ يرﺎﮔزﺎﺳ رد

يرزﻮﻴﻔﻳد ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ

ﺪﺷ .

ﻲﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛﻮﺴﻜﻳ ﺮﺑ

ﺐﺴﺣ دﺪﻋ

نﺎﺸﻧ هداد ﺪﺷ .

Numerical study on the effect of the number of stages on the performance of Tesla microvalve and comparison with

Abstract- In this study, the effect of number of stages on Tesla microvalve performance has been studied.

different layouts includ

evaluation of valves performance is diodicity. Two been utilized that reveal a strong dependence of diodic

showed that for the same flow condition, the diodicity average of the two of that of one

concluded that two

of this valve in valveless micropump besides being compact, has the adaptability of the various two-stage valve performance in three different sizes is compared with nozzle

are performed based on calculation of diodicity function of Reynolds number

higher Reynolds number and its weakness Keywords: Micropump

رد ﻳ ﺖﻓﺎ ﺬﭘ ﻳ شﺮ ﺎﺳ رد ﻪﺋارا

ﻼﺴﺗ و ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ

ﻲﻌﻴﻔﺷ دﺎﺸﻬﺑﺪﻤﺤﻣ 4

نﺎﻬﻔﺻا ، ﺎﻜﻳﺮﻣآ

،رﻮﻈﻨﻣ نﺎﻣﺪﻴﭼ يﺎﻫ

ﻲﺑﺎﻳزرا دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺎﻫﺮﻴﺷ

ﺖﻓا رﺎﺸﻓ ار رﺎﻜﺷآ

ﺖﺳا . تﺎﻘﺒﻃ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ

ﺖﻟﺎﺣ ﻪﻘﺒﻃود زا ﺮﻴﺷ

،ﻲﮔدﺮﺸﻓ ﺖﻴﻠﺑﺎﻗ

ﺮﻴﺷوﺮﻜﻴﻣ لزﺎﻧ

- يرزﻮﻴﻔﻳد

ﻪﻛ ﻲﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛﻮﺴﻜﻳ

زﺪﻟﻮﻨﻳر ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﺮﺗ نﺎﺸﻧ

Numerical study on the effect of the number of stages on the performance of Tesla microvalve and comparison with

K. Mohammadzadeh

1 2- PhD Student,

In this study, the effect of number of stages on Tesla microvalve performance has been studied.

different layouts including

showed that for the same flow condition, the diodicity average of the two one-stage. Additional

concluded that two-stage layout of Tesla type valve is the best option between the studied layouts. A two of this valve in valveless micropump besides being compact, has the adaptability of the various

stage valve performance in three different sizes is compared with nozzle are performed based on calculation of diodicity

Reynolds number

higher Reynolds number and its weakness Micropump, No

ﺮﻴﺷوﺮﻜﻴﻣ ﻼﺴﺗ

يرزﻮﻴﻔﻳد

، *

ﻲﻌﻴﻔﺷ دﺎﺸﻬﺑﺪﻤﺤﻣ

ﺮﻬﺷدﻻﻮﻓ ،دﻻﻮﻓ ﻲﺘﻌﻨﺻ ﻲﻟﺎﻋ شزﻮﻣآ ﻪﺴﺳﺆﻣ نﺎﻬﻔﺻا ،

هﺪﺤﺘﻣ تﻻﺎﻳا ﺎﻜﻳﺮﻣآ

ﺮﻬﺷدﻻﻮﻓ ،دﻻﻮﻓ ﻲﺘﻌﻨﺻ ﻲﻟﺎﻋ شزﻮﻣآ ﻪﺴﺳﺆﻣ نﺎﻬﻔﺻا ،

ناﺮﻬﺗ ،ﻒﻳﺮﺷ ﻲﺘﻌﻨﺻ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،ﻚﻴﻧﺎﻜﻣ

eshirani@

ﺖﺳا . ﻦﻳﺪﺑ

،رﻮﻈﻨﻣ

ﻲﻠﺻا ﺖﻬﺟ ﻲﺑﺎﻳزرا

دﺪﻋ زﺪﻟﻮﻨﻳر و ﺖﻓا

ﺖﻟﺎﺣ ﻚﺗ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﺖﺳا

ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺪﺷ ﻪﻛ ﺖﻟﺎﺣ

نوﺪﺑ ﻪﭽﻳرد

، ﻦﻤﺿ

ﻚﻳ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺮﻴﺷوﺮﻜﻴﻣ

مﺎﺠﻧا

،ﺪﺷ نﺎﺸﻧ داد

عﻮﻧ ﺮﻴﺷ رد داﺪﻋا زﺪﻟﻮﻨﻳر

Numerical study on the effect of the number of stages on the performance of Tesla microvalve and comparison with

nozzle/diffuser microvalve

K. Mohammadzadeh

1- MSc., Mech. Eng.,

PhD Student, Mech. Eng., University at Buffalo 3- Prof., Mech. Eng.,

4- Assoc. Prof.

* P.

ing one to four-

showed that for the same flow condition, the diodicity average of the two stage. Additional stages increase the complexity

stage layout of Tesla type valve is the best option between the studied layouts. A two of this valve in valveless micropump besides being compact, has the adaptability of the various

stage valve performance in three different sizes is compared with nozzle are performed based on calculation of diodicity

Reynolds number and is independent of higher Reynolds number and its weakness

No Moving Part Microvalve,

12 - 135

دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺮﻴﺷوﺮﻜﻴﻣ

يرزﻮﻴﻔﻳد

ﻲﻧاﺮﻴﺷ ﻢﻴﻫاﺮﺑا

3

*

ﺮﻬﺷدﻻﻮﻓ ،دﻻﻮﻓ ﻲﺘﻌﻨﺻ ﻲﻟﺎﻋ شزﻮﻣآ ﻪﺴﺳﺆﻣ رد كرﻮﻳﻮﻴﻧ ﻲﺘﻟﺎﻳا

،ﻮﻟﺎﻓﻮﺑ هﺪﺤﺘﻣ تﻻﺎﻳا

ﺮﻬﺷدﻻﻮﻓ ،دﻻﻮﻓ ﻲﺘﻌﻨﺻ ﻲﻟﺎﻋ شزﻮﻣآ ﻪﺴﺳﺆﻣ ناﺮﻬﺗ ،ﻒﻳﺮﺷ ﻲﺘﻌﻨﺻ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،ﻚﻴﻧﺎﻜﻣ eshirani@cc.iut.ac.ir

ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ هﺪﺷ ﺖﺳا

ﻪﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ رﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻲﻠﺻا

ﻲﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛﻮﺴﻜﻳ ﻪﺑ

دﺪﻋ

ﺎﺒﻳﺮﻘﺗ 32 / 1 ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ ﺖﻟﺎﺣ

ﻦﻳا ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ

ﭗﻤﭘوﺮﻜﻴﻣ نوﺪﺑ

هزاﺪﻧا توﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻚﻳ

دﺪﻋ زﺪﻟﻮﻨﻳر مﺎﺠﻧا

ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ و ﻒﻌﺿ ﻦﻳا عﻮﻧ

Numerical study on the effect of the number of stages on the performance of Tesla microvalve and comparison with

nozzle/diffuser microvalve

K. Mohammadzadeh¹, M. E.

Mech. Eng., Foolad Institute of Tec Mech. Eng., University at Buffalo

Mech. Eng., Foolad Institute of Tec

Assoc. Prof., Mech. Eng., Sharif Univ. of Tech., Tehran P. O. B. 8415683111

-stage microvalves evaluation of valves performance is diodicity. Two- been utilized that reveal a strong dependence of diodic

showed that for the same flow condition, the diodicity average of the two stages increase the complexity

stage valve performance in three different sizes is compared with nozzle are performed based on calculation of diodicity for

is independent of

higher Reynolds number and its weakness at lower Reynolds number Moving Part Microvalve, Diodicity

هرﺎﻤﺷ 6

، ﺪﻨﻔﺳا 1391 ص ص 4

تﺎﻘﺒﻃ ﺮﺑ

دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ لزﺎﻧ - يرزﻮﻴﻔﻳد

زوﺪﻫﻼﻛ ﻢﻴﻫاﺮﺑاﺪﻤﺤﻣ

، 2

ﻲﻧاﺮﻴﺷ ﻢﻴﻫاﺮﺑا

، ﺮﻬﺷدﻻﻮﻓ ،دﻻﻮﻓ ﻲﺘﻌﻨﺻ ﻲﻟﺎﻋ شزﻮﻣآ ﻪﺴﺳﺆﻣ

هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،ﻚﻴﻧﺎﻜﻣ ﻲﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ رد كرﻮﻳﻮﻴﻧ ﻲﺘﻟﺎﻳا

ﺮﻬﺷدﻻﻮﻓ ،دﻻﻮﻓ ﻲﺘﻌﻨﺻ ﻲﻟﺎﻋ شزﻮﻣآ ﻪﺴﺳﺆﻣ ناﺮﻬﺗ ،ﻒﻳﺮﺷ ﻲﺘﻌﻨﺻ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،ﻚﻴﻧﺎﻜﻣ

8415683111

، cc.iut.ac.ir

ﺮﻴﺷوﺮﻜﻴﻣ ﻼﺴﺗ

زا ﻲﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛﻮﺴﻜﻳ ﻪﺑ

ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺑاو ﺪﻳﺪﺷ ﻲﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛﻮﺴﻜﻳ

ﺮﻴﺷوﺮﻜﻴﻣ ﻪﻘﺒﻃود

ﺎﺒﻳﺮﻘﺗ

ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻲﻤﻧ ﺪﻨﻫد . ﻦﻳا

زا ﻦﻳا ﺮﻴﺷ رد

ﻪﻘﺒﻃود رد ﻪﺳ هزاﺪﻧا

ﻞﺑﺎﻗ يدﺮﺑرﺎﻛ يا زا دﺪﻋ

داﺪﻋا زﺪﻟﻮﻨﻳر ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ

ﻲ

Numerical study on the effect of the number of stages on the performance of Tesla microvalve and comparison with

nozzle/diffuser microvalve

. Kolahdouz

Institute of Tec Mech. Eng., University at Buffalo, The

Foolad Institute of Tech., Foolad Shahr, Esfahan Mech. Eng., Sharif Univ. of Tech., Tehran 8415683111 Isfahan, eshirani@

microvalves are investigated numerically. The main criterion

-dimensional and steady state computations of the fluid flow have been utilized that reveal a strong dependence of diodicity on Reynolds number and

showed that for the same flow condition, the diodicity average of the two stages increase the complexity and they do not

stage valve performance in three different sizes is compared with nozzle

applicable range of Reynolds numbers show that

is independent of the valve size. Also, the superiority of the Tesla type valve lower Reynolds number

Diodicity

هرود 12 هرﺎﻤﺷ

داﺪﻌﺗ تﺎﻘﺒﻃ

ﺮﻴﺷوﺮﻜﻴﻣ

ﻲﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ ﺪﺷرا سﺎﻨﺷرﺎﻛ ﻚﻴﻧﺎﻜﻣ

،

ي هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،ﻚﻴﻧﺎﻜﻣ ﻲﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ

ﻲﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ ،ﻚﻴﻧﺎﻜﻣ ﺮﻬﺷدﻻﻮﻓ ،دﻻﻮﻓ ﻲﺘﻌﻨﺻ ﻲﻟﺎﻋ شزﻮﻣآ ﻪﺴﺳﺆﻣ

رﺎﻴﺸﻧاد ﻲﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ ناﺮﻬﺗ ،ﻒﻳﺮﺷ ﻲﺘﻌﻨﺻ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،ﻚﻴﻧﺎﻜﻣ

نﺎﻬﻔﺻا

، ﻲﺘﺴﭘ قوﺪﻨﺻ

ﺮﺑ يور دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ

ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ . زا

هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺪﺷ ﻪﻛ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺑاو

ﻲﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛﻮﺴﻜﻳ ﺮﻴﺷوﺮﻜﻴﻣ

ﻪﻈﺣﻼﻣ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ يا

ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ

نﺎﻣﺪﻴﭼ ﻪﻘﺒﻃود

ﺮﻴﺷوﺮﻜﻴﻣ ﻪﻘﺒﻃود

ﻲﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛﻮﺴﻜﻳ رد

هﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ

يﺮﺗﺮﺑ ﺮﻴﺷ ﻼﺴﺗ رد داﺪﻋا

كﺮﺤﺘﻣ ياﺰﺟا ﺪﻗﺎﻓ ،

ﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛﻮﺴﻜﻳ ﻲ

Numerical study on the effect of the number of stages on the performance of Tesla microvalve and comparison with

nozzle/diffuser microvalve

Kolahdouz², E. Shirani

Institute of Tech., Foolad Shahr, Esfahan,

, The State University of New York, USA h., Foolad Shahr, Esfahan

Mech. Eng., Sharif Univ. of Tech., Tehran eshirani@cc.iut.ac.ir

are investigated numerically. The main criterion

dimensional and steady state computations of the fluid flow have ity on Reynolds number and

showed that for the same flow condition, the diodicity average of the two-stage microvalve is approximately 1.32 times and they do not

stage valve performance in three different sizes is compared with nozzle -

applicable range of Reynolds numbers show that

valve size. Also, the superiority of the Tesla type valve lower Reynolds number are shown.

ﺮﺛا داﺪﻌﺗ ﺮﻴﺷوﺮﻜﻴﻣ

هدازﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﻢﻇﺎﻛ

، 1

- ﻲﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ ﺪﺷرا سﺎﻨﺷرﺎﻛ

اﺮﺘﻛد يﻮﺠﺸﻧاد ي

3 - دﺎﺘﺳا ﻲﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ

4 -

* نﺎﻬﻔﺻا

داﺪﻌﺗ تﺎﻘﺒﻃ ﺮﺑ

ﻪﺑ ترﻮﺻ يدﺪﻋ

يﺎﻳﺎﭘ نﺎﻳﺮﺟ لﺎﻴﺳ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا

نﺎﺴﻜﻳ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻲﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛﻮﺴﻜﻳ

ﻲﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛﻮﺴﻜﻳ ار

ﻪﺑ ناﺰﻴﻣ ﻪﻈﺣﻼﻣ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ

ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﮔ ﺖﺳا . نﺎﻣﺪﻴﭼ

،ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ

ﺮﻴﺷوﺮﻜﻴﻣ

راﺪﻘﻣ ﻲﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛﻮﺴﻜﻳ

ﺖﺳا . ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ يﺮﺗﺮﺑ

ﺮﻴﺷ كﺮﺤﺘﻣ ياﺰﺟا ﺪﻗﺎﻓ

Numerical study on the effect of the number of stages on the performance of Tesla microvalve and comparison with

nozzle/diffuser microvalve

E. Shirani^3*, M. B. Shafii

h., Foolad Shahr, Esfahan, Iran State University of New York, USA h., Foolad Shahr, Esfahan, Iran Mech. Eng., Sharif Univ. of Tech., Tehran, Iran

cc.iut.ac.ir

dimensional and steady state computations of the fluid flow have ity on Reynolds number and the

stage microvalve is approximately 1.32 times and they do not change the diodicity

diffuser type valve. Comparisons which applicable range of Reynolds numbers show that

valve size. Also, the superiority of the Tesla type valve shown.

ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ يدﺪﻋ

هدازﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﻢﻇﺎﻛ

1 -

2 -

ﻦﻳا

،ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺮﺛا داﺪﻌﺗ

رﺎﻬﭼ ﺎﺗ ﻚﻳ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ

ﻪﺑ

يﺪﻌﺑود و ﺖﻟﺎﺣ يﺎﻳﺎﭘ

ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ نﺎﻳﺮﺟ نﺎﺴﻜﻳ

و ﻲﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛﻮﺴﻜﻳ

درﻮﻣ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻬﺑ

ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ار دراد .

،ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ

سﺎﺳاﺮﺑ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ راﺪﻘﻣ

زا هزاﺪﻧا ﺮﻴﺷ ﺖﺳا

،ﭗﻤﭘوﺮﻜﻴﻣ وﺮﻜﻴﻣ

ﺮﻴﺷ

Numerical study on the effect of the number of stages on the performance of Tesla microvalve and comparison with

B. Shafii⁴

Iran State University of New York, USA

, Iran

dimensional and steady state computations of the fluid flow have pressure drop. The results stage microvalve is approximately 1.32 times

change the diodicity considerably stage layout of Tesla type valve is the best option between the studied layouts. A two

of this valve in valveless micropump besides being compact, has the adaptability of the various functions. Also, the diffuser type valve. Comparisons which applicable range of Reynolds numbers show that the

valve size. Also, the superiority of the Tesla type valve

ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ

هﺪﻴﻜﭼ - رد ﻦﻳا

يﺎﻫﺮﻴﺷوﺮﻜﻴﻣ رﺎﻬﭼ ﺎﺗ ﻚﻳ

تﺎﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ يﺪﻌﺑود

نﺎﺸﻧ داد ﻪﻛ رد ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ

ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﻲﻣ ﺪﻨﻫد

نﺎﻣﺪﻴﭼ يﺎﻫ درﻮﻣ

يﺎﻫدﺮﺑرﺎﻛ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ

ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺎﻫ

، ﻪﻛ سﺎﺳاﺮﺑ

زﺪﻟﻮﻨﻳر ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ زا

ﺪﻴﻠﻛ نﺎﮔژاو ،ﭗﻤﭘوﺮﻜﻴﻣ:

Numerical study on the effect of the number of stages on the performance of Tesla microvalve and comparison with

In this study, the effect of number of stages on Tesla microvalve performance has been studied. To do this, are investigated numerically. The main criterion is used for dimensional and steady state computations of the fluid flow have pressure drop. The results stage microvalve is approximately 1.32 times considerably. It is stage layout of Tesla type valve is the best option between the studied layouts. A two-stage layout functions. Also, the diffuser type valve. Comparisons which the diodicity is valve size. Also, the superiority of the Tesla type valve for

هﺪﻴﻜﭼ يﺎﻫﺮﻴﺷوﺮﻜﻴﻣ تﺎﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا نﺎﻣﺪﻴﭼ يﺎﻫدﺮﺑرﺎﻛ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ زﺪﻟﻮﻨﻳر ﺪﻴﻠﻛ

the performance of Tesla microvalve and comparison with

, used for dimensional and steady state computations of the fluid flow have pressure drop. The results stage microvalve is approximately 1.32 times . It is stage layout functions. Also, the diffuser type valve. Comparisons which is for

[ Downloaded from mme.modares.ac.ir on 2022-10-31 ]

(2)

و هدازﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﻢﻇﺎﻛ رﺎﻜﻤﻫ

نا

125

ﭗﻤﭘوﺮﻜﻴﻣ يور ﺮﺑ يدﺎﻳز ﻲﺑﺮﺠﺗ يﺎﻫ

هﺪﻳا زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا و ﻢﺘﺳا ﻂﺳﻮﺗ رﺎﺑ

ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻚﻳ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ ﺎﺑ ﭗﻤﭘوﺮﻜﻴﻣ

يزﺎﺳﻮﺴﻜﻳ ياﺮﺑ يرزﻮﻴﻔﻳد نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و ﺮﺘﺳرﻮﻓ 8]

[

ياراد يﺎﻫﺮﻴﺷ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ار ﻼﺴﺗ ﺮﻴﺷوﺮﻜﻴﻣ نﺎﻤﺘﺧﺎﺳ رد يرزﻮﻴﻔﻳد

ﻦﻳا زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ناﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻜﻴﻣﺎﻨﻳد

ﻪﻛ ﺪﺷ يﺮﻴﮔ ﻼﺴﺗ ﺮﻴﺷ

ﻲﻟﺎﺣ رد ﺖﻬﺟ رد ﻪﻛ

ﭗﻤﭘوﺮﻜﻴﻣ ﻲﻳارﺎﻛ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ رد ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ عﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻦﻴﺘﺴﺨﻧ ﺖﺳا نآ يﺎﻫﺮﻴﺷ

. دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ

ﺲﻧﺎﻛﺮﻓ يرﺎﻛ

ﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﺖﻓا

ترﺪﻗ يزﺎﺳﻮﺴﻜﻳ و

ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ . ﺎﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ

يور ﻪﻨﻴﻬﺑ يزﺎﺳ

لﺎﺳ 1920 زا

هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا هدﺮﻛ

ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ يا زا

ترﻮﺻ راوﺮﻴﺠﻧز و

هﺪﻧﺎﺠﻨﮔ دﻮﺑ . ﺎﺑ ﻦﻳا

تﺎﻘﺒﻃ ﻪﻨﻴﻬﺑ

ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا تﺎﻘﺒﻃ

دﻮﺟو ﻚﻳ ﻪﻄﺑار

ﻲﻳارﺎﻛ

،ﺮﻴﺷ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ

يﺎﻫ ﺎﻀﻓ و ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ

ندﺮﻛ هرﺎﭘ يا زا

ﻲﻠﺻا ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻧاﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ

داﺪﻌﺗ تﺎﻘﺒﻃ ار

ﻲﺑﺮﺠـﺗ نﺎﺸﻧ داد ﺪﻧ

و هدازﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﻢﻇﺎﻛ

ﭗﻤﭘوﺮﻜﻴﻣ يور ﺮﺑ يدﺎﻳز ﻲﺑﺮﺠﺗ

ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ مﺎﺠﻧا ﻪﭽﻳرد نوﺪﺑ ]

1 - 6 .[

هﺪﻳا

ﻦﻴﻟوا كﺮﺤﺘ و ﻢﺘﺳا ﻂﺳﻮﺗ رﺎﺑ

ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻚﻳ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ ﺎﺑ

لزﺎﻧ يﺎﻫﺮﻴﺷ زا ﻪﻛ -

يزﺎﺳﻮﺴﻜﻳ ياﺮﺑ يرزﻮﻴﻔﻳد

ﺪﺷ ﻪﺋارا ،دﺮﻛ .

نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و ﺮﺘﺳرﻮﻓ

ياراد يﺎﻫﺮﻴﺷ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ار ﻼﺴﺗ ﺮﻴﺷوﺮﻜﻴﻣ

لزﺎﻧ يﺎﻫﺮﻴﺷ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ دﺮﻛرﺎﻛ -

نﺎﻤﺘﺧﺎﺳ رد يرزﻮﻴﻔﻳد

ﺪﻧدﺮﻛ ﻲﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﻪﭽﻳرد نوﺪﺑ يﺎﻫ .

ﻦﻳا زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ

و ﻲﺑد لوا ناﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ زﻮﻜﺴﻳو ﺖﻓا

ناﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻜﻴﻣﺎﻨﻳد

ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ،ﺖﺳا ﺐﺳﺎﻨ ﻪﻛ ﺪﺷ يﺮﻴﮔ

ﺖﺳا زﻮﻜﺴﻳو رﺎﺘﻓر ياراد

، ﻲﻟﺎﺣ رد

ﻲﻣ ﺐﻟﺎﻏ نآ رد ﻲﻜﻴﻣﺎﻨﻳد فﻼﺗا ﺖﺸﮔﺮﺑ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

.

ﭗﻤﭘوﺮﻜﻴﻣ ﻲﻳارﺎﻛ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ رد ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ عﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻦﻴﺘﺴﺨﻧ ﺖﺳا نآ يﺎﻫﺮﻴﺷ

ﻲﺳﺎﺳا رد ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ

تﺎﻧﺎﺳﻮﻧ ﻪﻤﻫ ﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ

ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻲﻣ ﺪﻨﻛ . ترﺪﻗ

بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﺮﻴﺷ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ

يدﺎﻳز ﺮﺑ يور

ﺖﺳا ] 8 - 15 .[

نﺮﻗ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺑ رد

رد دﺎﻌﺑا وﺮﻛﺎﻣ

يراﺬﮕﻣﺎﻧ ﺪﺷ

. ﻼﺴﺗ

،دﻮﺑ ﻪﺑ ترﻮﺻ

رﻮﺒﻋ نﺎﻳﺮﺟ هﺪﻧﺎﺠﻨﮔ

ﻲﺼﺨﺸﻣ ياﺮﺑ

داﺪﻌﺗ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﭼﺮﻫ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا

ﺎﻣا ﻪﺑ ﻞﻴﻟد دﻮﺟو

تﺎﻘﺒﻃ و ﻲﻳارﺎﻛ

ﺖﻳدوﺪﺤﻣ يﺎﻫ

10 [ ﺎﺑ فﺮﻃﺮﺑ ندﺮﻛ

نﺎﻳﺮﺟ زا ﺮﻴﺴﻣ ﻲﻠﺻا

نآ ﺎﻫ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ داﺪﻌﺗ

زا ﺞﻳﺎﺘـﻧ ﻲﺑﺮﺠـﺗ

و يدﺪﻋ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ

ﭗﻤﭘوﺮﻜﻴﻣ يور ﺮﺑ يدﺎﻳز ﻲﺑﺮﺠﺗ

ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ مﺎﺠﻧا ﻪﭽﻳرد نوﺪﺑ ﺪﻗﺎﻓ يﺎﻫﺮﻴﺷوﺮﻜﻴﻣ ﻣ ياﺰﺟا

ﻦﻴﻟوا كﺮﺤﺘ

لﺎﺳ رد 1993

ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻚﻳ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ ﺎﺑ

لزﺎﻧ يﺎﻫﺮﻴﺷ زا ﻪﻛ

ﻲﻣ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا نﺎﻳﺮﺟ ﺪﺷ ﻪﺋارا ،دﺮﻛ

ياراد يﺎﻫﺮﻴﺷ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ار ﻼﺴﺗ ﺮﻴﺷوﺮﻜﻴﻣ

لزﺎﻧ يﺎﻫﺮﻴﺷ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ دﺮﻛرﺎﻛ ﺪﻧدﺮﻛ ﻲﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﻪﭽﻳرد نوﺪﺑ يﺎﻫ

و ﻲﺑد لوا ناﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ زﻮﻜﺴﻳو

ﺘﻣ نﺎﻳﺮﺟ ﻲﺑد مود ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ،ﺖﺳا ﺐﺳﺎﻨ

ﻲﻣ ﺐﻟﺎﻏ نآ رد ﻲﻜﻴﻣﺎﻨﻳد فﻼﺗا ﺖﺸﮔﺮﺑ ﭗﻤﭘوﺮﻜﻴﻣ ﻲﻳارﺎﻛ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ رد ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ عﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻦﻴﺘﺴﺨﻧ

ﻲﻳارﺎﻛ ﻲﺑﺎﻳزرا ﺖﺳا نآ يﺎﻫﺮﻴﺷ

ﻚﻳ رﻮﺘﻛﺎﻓ ﻲﺳﺎﺳا

ﻪﻜﻠﺑ ﻪﻨﻣاد تﺎﻧﺎﺳﻮﻧ

ﺮﻴﺷ ار ﺰﻴﻧ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ

ﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ رد

عﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻦﻳا

، تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ

مﺎﺠﻧا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺖﺳا

ﺪﻨﻤﺸﻧاد راﺪﻣﺎﻧ نﺮﻗ

ياﺮﺑ ژﺎﭙﻤﭘ ﺎﻫزﺎﮔ

مﺎﻧ يو يراﺬﮕﻣﺎﻧ

ﻲﺣاﺮﻃ هدﺮﻛ

ﻲﻟﻮﻃ زا ياﺮﺠﻣ رﻮﺒﻋ

ﻪﻄﺑار ﻲﺼﺨﺸﻣ

ﻲﻋﺪﻣ ﺪﺷ ﻪﻛ

ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﻲﻣ ﺪﻫد

،

ﻦﻴﺑ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا تﺎﻘﺒﻃ

ﻪﺑ عﻮﻧ

،دﺮﺑرﺎﻛ

ﺪﻳر و ﻼﻓ ] 10

ﻪﻳواز فاﺮﺤﻧا نﺎﻳﺮﺟ

ﺖﺳد ﺪﻨﺑﺎﻳ . نآ

و ﺎﺑ هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا زا

و يدﺪﻋ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ

ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ مﺎﺠﻧا ﻪﭽﻳرد نوﺪﺑ ﺪﻗﺎﻓ يﺎﻫﺮﻴﺷوﺮﻜﻴﻣ ﻢﺘﺳا 7] لﺎﺳ رد [

ﻚﻳﺮﺘﻜﻟاوﺰﻴﭘ

، لزﺎﻧ يﺎﻫﺮﻴﺷ زا ﻪﻛ

ﻲﻣ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا نﺎﻳﺮﺟ لﺎﺳ رد 1995 ياراد يﺎﻫﺮﻴﺷ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ار ﻼﺴﺗ ﺮﻴﺷوﺮﻜﻴﻣ

لزﺎﻧ يﺎﻫﺮﻴﺷ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ دﺮﻛرﺎﻛ ﻤﭘوﺮﻜﻴﻣ ﭗ ﺪﻧدﺮﻛ ﻲﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﻪﭽﻳرد نوﺪﺑ يﺎﻫ

ﻪﻛ مﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﺖﻓا

و ﻲﺑد لوا ناﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ زﻮﻜﺴﻳو

ﺘﻣ نﺎﻳﺮﺟ ﻲﺑد مود ﺖﻬﺟ رد ﺖﻓر

ﻲﻣ ﺐﻟﺎﻏ نآ رد ﻲﻜﻴﻣﺎﻨﻳد فﻼﺗا ﺖﺸﮔﺮﺑ ﭗﻤﭘوﺮﻜﻴﻣ ﻲﻳارﺎﻛ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ رد ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ عﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻦﻴﺘﺴﺨﻧ

ﻪﭽﻳرد نوﺪﺑ ﻲﻳارﺎﻛ ﻲﺑﺎﻳزرا

ﺮﻴﺷوﺮﻜﻴﻣ ﺎﻫ

ﻪﻧ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ

ﭗﻤﭘوﺮﻜﻴﻣ

،ﺖﺳا ﻪﻜﻠﺑ

رﺎﺸﻓ و نﺎﻳﺮﺟ رد ﺮﻴﺷ

ﻲﮔدﺎﺳ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ ود ﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ

ﺖﻴﻤﻫا عﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻦﻳا

ﻪﺳﺪﻨﻫ ﺮﻴﺷ ﻼﺴﺗ مﺎﺠﻧا

ﻞﻜﻴﻧ ﻼﺴﺗ ] 9 [ ﺪﻨﻤﺸﻧاد

ﻪﺳﺪﻨﻫ ﻞﻜﺷ 1 ياﺮﺑ

و ﻦﻳا ﺮﻴﺷ ﻪﺑ

ﻲﻳﺎﻫﺮﻴﺷ ار

ﻪﻛ ﻲﺣاﺮﻃ

ﻪﻘﺒﻃﺪﻨﭼ

، رد ﻲﻟﻮﻃ

لﺎﺣ يو ﺖﺴﻧاﻮﺘﻧ

جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا ﺪﻳﺎﻤﻧ

و

ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا

هﺪﻴﭽﻴﭘ ﺺﺨﺸﻣﺎﻧ

ﻲﺣاﺮﻃ ار ﺎﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ

ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ مﺎﺠﻧا داد .

رد لﺎﺳ 1993

ﺐﻳﺎﻌﻣ زا ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ﻪﻳواز

ﻪﺳﺪﻨﻫ ﻪﻨﻴﻬﺑ يﺮﺗ ﺖﺳد

ﺮﻈﻧ راﺮﻗ داد ﺪﻧ

ﻲﺸﻟﺎﭼ

ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .

يﺎﻫ نﺎﻴﻣ عﻮﻧ

و ﻦﻳا ﺖﺑﺎﺛ يﺎﻫ سﺎﺳا نﺎﻳﺮﺟ

،ﺖﺧﺎﺳ كﺮﺤﺘﻣ و ﻪﻴﺻﻮﺗ

ﺎﻫرزﻮﻴﻔﻳدوﺮﻜﻴﻣ رد

ﺮﻄﺧ

لزﺎﻧ يﺎﻫﺮﻴﺷ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻤﻫ -

ﺖﺸﮔﺮﺑ و ﺖﻓر ﺖ ﺮﻴﺷ ﻲﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛﻮﺴﻜﻳ ﺖﻴﺻﺎﺧ ﺮﻴﺷ ﺖﻤﺴﻗ ود رد ﺎﻫ

رد ﺖﺸﮔﺮﺑ نﺎﻳﺮﺟ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺖﻣوﺎﻘﻣ نﺪﻣآﺪﻳﺪﭘ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

ﺖﻴﺻﺎﺧ دﺎﺠﻳا رد لﺎﻧﺎﻛ لﺎﺼﺗا يﺎﻳاوز توﺎﻔﺗ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ و يدﺪﻋ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ

ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ مﺎﺠﻧا ﻪﭽﻳرد نوﺪﺑ ﺪﻗﺎﻓ يﺎﻫﺮﻴﺷوﺮﻜﻴﻣ ﻢﺘﺳا ﻚﻳﺮﺘﻜﻟاوﺰﻴﭘ ﻲﻣ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا نﺎﻳﺮﺟ لﺎﺳ رد لزﺎﻧ يﺎﻫﺮﻴﺷ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ دﺮﻛرﺎﻛ ﻤﭘوﺮﻜﻴﻣ ﻪﻛ مﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﺘﻣ نﺎﻳﺮﺟ ﻲﺑد مود ﺖﻬﺟ رد ﻲﻣ ﺐﻟﺎﻏ نآ رد ﻲﻜﻴﻣﺎﻨﻳد فﻼﺗا ﺖﺸﮔﺮﺑ ﭗﻤﭘوﺮﻜﻴﻣ ﻲﻳارﺎﻛ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ رد ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ عﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻦﻴﺘﺴﺨﻧ

ﻪﭽﻳرد نوﺪﺑ ﺮﻴﺷوﺮﻜﻴﻣ ﭗﻤﭘوﺮﻜﻴﻣ رﺎﺸﻓ ﻲﮔدﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺖﻴﻤﻫا

ﻪﺳﺪﻨﻫ ﻞﻜﻴﻧ

ﻪﺳﺪﻨﻫ دﻮﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻫﺮﻴﺷ ﻪﻘﺒﻃﺪﻨﭼ لﺎﺣ جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا ﻲﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛﻮﺴﻜﻳ هﺪﻴﭽﻴﭘ ﻲﺣاﺮﻃ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ رد ﺐﻳﺎﻌﻣ ﻪﺳﺪﻨﻫ ﺪﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ

ﺮﻴﺷوﺮﻜﻴﻣ ...

ﺪﻨﻔﺳا

1391

يﺎﻫ ﻲﺗﻻﺎﻴﺳ ﻲﺸﻟﺎﭼ

يﺎﻫ وﺮﻜﻴﻣ ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

و ﻲﮔﺪﻴﭽﻴﭘ يﺎﻫ

ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺪﻧا . رد نﺎﻴﻣ

ﻪﭽﻳرد ﻪﻛ زا عﻮﻧ

،يﺮﻳﺬﭘ يرﺎﮔﺪﻧﺎﻣ

ﺎﻘﻘﺤﻣ ن ﺖﺳا . رد ﻦﻳا

كﺮﺤﺘﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺳﺪﻨﻫ ﺖﺑﺎﺛ

هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا زا مﺰﻴﻧﺎﻜﻣ يﺎﻫ

لﺎﻴﺳ ﺮﺑ سﺎﺳا

ياﺮﺑ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ نﺎﻳﺮﺟ

ﻞﻴﻟد ﻪﺑ ﻲﮔدﺎﺳ

،ﺖﺧﺎﺳ

ياﺰﺟا كﺮﺤﺘﻣ

عﻮﻧ ﺎﻫﺮﻴﺷ ﻪﻴﺻﻮﺗ

ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ﺎﻫرزﻮﻴﻔﻳدوﺮﻜﻴﻣ

ياﺰﺟا كﺮﺤﺘﻣ

فﺮﻃﺮﺑ ﻲﻣ دﻮﺷ و ﺮﻄﺧ

لزﺎﻧ يﺎﻫﺮﻴﺷ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻤﻫ ﺖﺸﮔﺮﺑ و ﺖﻓر ﺖ ﺮﻴﺷ ﻲﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛﻮﺴﻜﻳ ﺖﻴﺻﺎﺧ ﺮﻴﺷ ﺖﻤﺴﻗ ود رد ﺎﻫ

رد ﺖﺸﮔﺮﺑ نﺎﻳﺮﺟ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺖﻣوﺎﻘﻣ نﺪﻣآﺪﻳﺪﭘ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

ﺖﻴﺻﺎﺧ دﺎﺠﻳا رد لﺎﻧﺎﻛ لﺎﺼﺗا يﺎﻳاوز توﺎﻔﺗ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﺮﺑ

دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺮﻴﺷوﺮﻜﻴﻣ

ةرود 12 ةرﺎﻤﺷ 6 ، ﺪﻨﻔﺳا

ﻖﻴﻗد زا ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ يﺎﻫ

هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا رد نﺎﻳﺮﺟ يﺎﻫ

يدﺎﻳز ﺎﺑ ﻲﻳارﺎﻛ

نﻮﮔﺎﻧﻮﮔ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ

ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ نوﺪﺑ ﻪﭽﻳرد

ﻞﻴﻟد سﺎﻴﻘﻣ

،يﺮﻳﺬﭘ

عﻮﻧ رد دﺰﻧ ﺎﻘﻘﺤﻣ

ﺪﻗﺎﻓ ياﺰﺟا كﺮﺤﺘﻣ

ﻪﺑ يﺎﺟ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا

زا ﺑ ﺖﺸﮔزﺎ لﺎﻴﺳ

ﻲﻣ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ و ياﺮﺑ

ﻲﻣ ﻮﺷ ﻧ ﺪ . ﻞﻴﻟد ﻪﺑ

،نﺎﺳآ ﻦﺘﺷاﺪﻧ

ﻪﺑ يﺮﻴﮔرﺎﻛ ﻦﻳا

عﻮﻧ

يﺎﻫﺮﻴﺷوﺮﻜﻴﻣ ﺖﺑﺎﺛ

. ﻪﺑ ﻞﻴﻟد دﻮﺒﻧ ياﺰﺟا

ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺧ فﺮﻃﺮﺑ

ﺪﺑﺎﻳ .

ﻼﺴﺗ ﺮﻴﺷوﺮﻜﻴﻣ هﺪﻴﭽﻴﭘ ﻪﺳﺪﻨﻫ

، لزﺎﻧ يﺎﻫﺮﻴﺷ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻤﻫ

ﻬﺟ رد ﻲﺗوﺎﻔﺘﻣ يﺎﻫ ﺖﺸﮔﺮﺑ و ﺖﻓر ﺖ

هﺪﻤﻋ ﺮﻴﺷ ﻲﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛﻮﺴﻜﻳ ﺖﻴﺻﺎﺧ

لﺎﻧﺎﻛ درﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻳاوز توﺎﻔﺗ زا ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ﻼﺴﺗ ﺮﻴﺷ ﺖﻤﺴﻗ ود رد ﺎﻫ

رد ﺖﺸﮔﺮﺑ نﺎﻳﺮﺟ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺖﻣوﺎﻘﻣ نﺪﻣآﺪﻳﺪﭘ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ددﺮﮔ

) ﻞﻜﺷ 1 .(

ﺖﻴﺻﺎﺧ دﺎﺠﻳا رد لﺎﻧﺎﻛ لﺎﺼﺗا يﺎﻳاوز توﺎﻔﺗ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﺮﺛا داﺪﻌﺗ تﺎﻘﺒﻃ

سرﺪﻣ ﻚﻴﻧﺎﻜﻣ ﻲﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ

ةرود

ﻲﻳﺎﺟ ﻢﺠﺣ يﺎﻫ ﻖﻴﻗد

تاﺰﻴﻬﺠﺗ درﻮﻣ

هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا

ﭗﻤﭘوﺮﻜﻴﻣ يﺎﻫ

يدﺎﻳز

ﺮﺑ لﻮﺻا ژﺎﭙﻤﭘ نﻮﮔﺎﻧﻮﮔ

،ﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ

ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻞﻴﻟد

باﺬﺟ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ عﻮﻧ

زا يﺎﻫﺮﻴﺷ ﺪﻗﺎﻓ

دﻮﺷ . ﺎﻫﺮﻴﺷ ﻦﻳا

ياﺮﺑ يﺮﻴﮔﻮﻠﺟ زا

دﻮﺧ لﺎﻴﺳ رﺎﻛ

ﺖﻬﺟ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻲﻣ

دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ هدﺎﺳ و

،نﺎﺳآ

لﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﻲﻧوﺮﻴﺑ

، ﻪﺑ

عﻮﻧ ﻲﻠﺻا ﻦﻳا يﺎﻫﺮﻴﺷوﺮﻜﻴﻣ

يﺎﻫﺮﻴﺷوﺮﻜﻴﻣ ﻼﺴﺗ

ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ .

نﺎﻜﻣا ﺶﻳﺎﺳ و ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺧ

نآ ﺎﻫ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻲﻣ ﺪﺑﺎﻳ

ﻼﺴﺗ ﺮﻴﺷوﺮﻜﻴﻣ هﺪﻴﭽﻴﭘ ﻪﺳﺪﻨﻫ ﺖﻣوﺎﻘﻣ ﻬﺟ رد ﻲﺗوﺎﻔﺘﻣ يﺎﻫ

دﻮﺟو ﻪﺑ ﻲﻣ

آ درو . هﺪﻤﻋ

لﺎﻧﺎﻛ درﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻳاوز توﺎﻔﺗ زا ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ﻼﺴﺗ رد ﺖﺸﮔﺮﺑ نﺎﻳﺮﺟ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺖﻣوﺎﻘﻣ نﺪﻣآﺪﻳﺪﭘ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

ﻲﻣ ﺖﻓر نﺎﻳﺮﺟ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ددﺮﮔ

ﺖﻴﺻﺎﺧ دﺎﺠﻳا رد لﺎﻧﺎﻛ لﺎﺼﺗا يﺎﻳاوز توﺎﻔﺗ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﻲﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛﻮﺴﻜﻳ

ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ يدﺪﻋ ﺮﺛا

1 - ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ

لﺎﻘﺘﻧا و ﺑﺎﺟ ﻪ ﻲﻳﺎﺟ

ﻢﻬﻣ ياﺮﺑ تاﺰﻴﻬﺠﺗ

،ﻦﻳاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﭗﻤﭘوﺮﻜﻴﻣ

توﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﻲﻨﺘﺒﻣ

عاﻮﻧا ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﭗﻤﭘوﺮﻜﻴﻣ

ﺖﻓر ﻲﺘﺸﮔﺮﺑو

ﻲﮔدﺎﺳ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ

،ﺎﻫ زا

ﻲﻣ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا دﻮﺷ

ﻲﻜﻴﻧﺎﻜﻣ ياﺮﺑ

ﻪﺼﺨﺸﻣ يﺎﻫ دﻮﺧ

ﺺﻟﺎﺧ رد ﻚﻳ ﺖﻬﺟ

ﺖﻤﻴﻗ

،ﻢﻛ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ

مﺪﻋ زﺎﻴﻧ ﻪﺑ لﺮﺘﻨﻛ

ﻲﻣ دﻮﺷ . ود عﻮﻧ

و يﺎﻫﺮﻴﺷوﺮﻜﻴﻣ

ﻦﻳا ﺎﻫﺮﻴﺷ

، نﺎﻜﻣا

داﺪﺴﻧا ﺰﻴﻧ رد نآ

ﻼﺴﺗ ﺮﻴﺷوﺮﻜﻴﻣ هﺪﻴﭽﻴﭘ ﻪﺳﺪﻨﻫ

يرزﻮﻴﻔﻳد

، ﺖﻣوﺎﻘﻣ

نﺎﻳﺮﺟ دﻮﺟو ﻪﺑ لﺎﻧﺎﻛ درﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻳاوز توﺎﻔﺗ زا ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ﻼﺴﺗ

ﻲﻣ رد ﺖﺸﮔﺮﺑ نﺎﻳﺮﺟ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺖﻣوﺎﻘﻣ نﺪﻣآﺪﻳﺪﭘ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

ﻲﻣ ﺖﻓر نﺎﻳﺮﺟ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ

ﻞﻜﺷ ﺖﻴﺻﺎﺧ دﺎﺠﻳا رد لﺎﻧﺎﻛ لﺎﺼﺗا يﺎﻳاوز توﺎﻔﺗ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ 1

ﻲﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛﻮﺴﻜﻳ

1 لﺎﻘﺘﻧا ﻢﻬﻣ

،ﻦﻳاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ توﺎﻔﺘﻣ عاﻮﻧا ﺖﻓر ﻲﮔدﺎﺳ ﭗﻤﭘوﺮﻜﻴﻣ ﻲﻣ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻲﻜﻴﻧﺎﻜﻣ ﻪﺼﺨﺸﻣ ﺺﻟﺎﺧ ﺖﻤﻴﻗ مﺪﻋ ﻲﻣ و ﻦﻳا داﺪﺴﻧا يرزﻮﻴﻔﻳد نﺎﻳﺮﺟ لﺎﻧﺎﻛ درﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻳاوز توﺎﻔﺗ زا ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ﻼﺴﺗ ﻲﻣ ﻲﻣ ﺖﻓر نﺎﻳﺮﺟ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ

ﻞﻜﺷ

(3)

ﻲﻣ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳا ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ناﻮﺗ

ﺪﺷرا ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﻛ ﻪﻣﺎﻧ ،ﺎﻴﻟ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ هﺪﺷ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ ﺎﺑ

زا ار يﺮﺘﻬﺑ دﺮﻛرﺎﻛ ﺎﺑ ﺮﻴﺷوﺮﻜﻴﻣ ،ﻼﺴﺗ ﺮﻴﺷ رد نﺎﻳﺮﺟ يدﺪﻋ دﺎﻬﻨﺸﻴﭘ ﻦﻴﺸﻴﭘ يﺎﻫ

ﭗﻤﭘوﺮﻜﻴﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻚ داد نﺎﺸﻧ يدﺪﻋ ﻞﺣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺪﻫ ﺮﻈﻧ زا ﻪﭼ

ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ رد يﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﺖﻴﻌﺿو ﺎﺑ

د ﻳ ﻤﮔاﺮﻓﺎ ﻲ ] 16 [

دورو زا ار هﺪﺷ ي

ﻪﻨﻴﻬﺑ ﻪﻨﻴﻣز رد هﺪﺷ يزﺎﺳ

تﺎﻘﺒﻃ داﺪﻌﺗ ﺮﺛا نﻮﻨﻛﺎﺗ ،ﻼﺴﺗ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺮﺑ

ﺖﺳا هﺪﺸﻧ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ يدﺪﻋ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻼﺴﺗ ﺮﻴﺷ .

ﻤﻫ ﭽ ﻦﻴﻨ

ﺎﺑ ﻼﺴﺗ ﺮﻴﺷ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﻪﺑ

.[

ﻦﻳاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ

، رد

ﻼﺴﺗ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ و

دﻮﺷ . ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ

،

دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ نآ ﺰﻴﻧ

يﻼﺴﺗ ﺐﺨﺘﻨﻣ

لزﺎﻧ - يرزﻮﻴﻔﻳد ﻲﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛﻮﺴﻜﻳ

ﻪﺘﺧادﺮﭘ ﺪﻫاﻮﺧ

ﺪﺷ (

هدوﺪﺤﻣ يدﺮﺑرﺎﻛ

لﻮﺻا يدﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ

ﺲﭙﺳ ﻪﺑ نﺎﻴﺑ

ﻲﻣ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳا ﻦﻳﺮﺗ نﺎﻳﺎﭘ رد يو ﺪﺷرا ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﻛ ﻪﻣﺎﻧ

را ﺮﻴﺷوﺮﻜﻴﻣ ندادراﺮﻗ ﺎﻨﺒﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺋا

،ﺎﻴﻟ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ هﺪﺷ

زا ار يﺮﺘﻬﺑ دﺮﻛرﺎﻛ ﺎﺑ ﺮﻴﺷوﺮﻜﻴﻣ ،ﻼﺴﺗ ﺮﻴﺷ رد نﺎﻳﺮﺟ يدﺪﻋ حﺮﻃ ﻪﺑ

دﺎﻬﻨﺸﻴﭘ ﻦﻴﺸﻴﭘ يﺎﻫ

ﻳ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ رد ار نآ ﻪﻘﺒﻃود ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ و دﺮﻛ ﭗﻤﭘوﺮﻜﻴﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻚ

.(

داد نﺎﺸﻧ يدﺪﻋ ﻞﺣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻴ ﺷوﺮﻜ ﻴ ﺮ ﻼﺴﺗ

،

ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ رد يﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﺖﻴﻌﺿو

ﻣ نﺎﻤﺘﺧﺎﺳ رد ﻪﻘﺒﻃود ﻼﺴﺗ ﻴ

ﭗﻤﭘوﺮﻜ

ﺮﺟ ﺺﻟﺎﺧ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻳ

نﺎ ﭗﻤﭘ دورو زا ار هﺪﺷ

ﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ﻲ ﻫد ﺪ (.

مﺎﺠﻧا هدﺮﺘﺴﮔ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻢﻏر ﻪﻨﻴﻬﺑ ﻪﻨﻴﻣز رد هﺪﺷ

تﺎﻘﺒﻃ داﺪﻌﺗ ﺮﺛا نﻮﻨﻛﺎﺗ ،ﻼﺴﺗ

ﺖﺳا هﺪﺸﻧ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ يدﺪﻋ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻼﺴﺗ ﺮﻴﺷ ﺎﺑ ﻼﺴﺗ ﺮﻴﺷ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﻪﺑ

] 8،13

، 16

، 17 .[

دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺮﻴﺷ ﻼﺴﺗ

ﻪﻘﺒﻃ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﻲﻣ دﻮﺷ

ﺮﻴﺷوﺮﻜﻴﻣ ﻼﺴﺗ

ﺮﺑ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ

دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺮﻴﺷوﺮﻜﻴﻣ يﻼﺴﺗ

ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺮﻴﺷوﺮﻜﻴﻣ لزﺎﻧ

تاﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ

ﺢﻴﺿﻮﺗ نآ ﻪﺘﺧادﺮﭘ

زﺪﻟﻮﻨﻳر رد هدوﺪﺤﻣ

ﻪﺑ نﺎﻴﺑ لﻮﺻا

ﻪﺘﺧادﺮﭘ ﻲﻣ دﻮﺷ . ﺲﭙﺳ

ﻊﻣﺎﺟ و ﻦﻳﺮﺗﺪﻳﺪﺟ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻣ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳا ﻦﻳﺮﺗ

دﺮﻛ هرﺎﺷا .

نﺎﻳﺎﭘ رد يو

را ﺮﻴﺷوﺮﻜﻴﻣ ندادراﺮﻗ ﺎﻨﺒﻣ ﺎﺑ زا ار يﺮﺘﻬﺑ دﺮﻛرﺎﻛ ﺎﺑ ﺮﻴﺷوﺮﻜﻴﻣ ،ﻼﺴﺗ ﺮﻴﺷ رد نﺎﻳﺮﺟ يدﺪﻋ

ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻲﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛﻮﺴﻜﻳ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺮﻈﻧ حﺮﻃ ﻪﺑ

ﻳ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ رد ار نآ ﻪﻘﺒﻃود ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ و دﺮﻛ دﺮﺑ رﺎﻛ

) ﻞﻜﺷ 2 .(

ﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ نﺎﻣﺪﻴﭼ ﺎﺑ ﭗﻤﭘوﺮﻜﻴﻣ ﻪﻛ ﻴ

ژﺎﭙﻤﭘ ﻲﺑد ﺮﻈﻧ زا ﻪﭼ و يرﺎﺸﻓ

، ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ رد يﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﺖﻴﻌﺿو

دراد يرزﻮﻴﻔﻳ .

ﻣ نﺎﻤﺘﺧﺎﺳ رد ﻪﻘﺒﻃود ﻼﺴﺗ ﻜﺸﻣ ﻲ ﺮﺟ ﺺﻟﺎﺧ ﺖﻬﺟ

ﻣ ﻴ ﭗﻤﭘوﺮﻜ ﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ

مﺎﺠﻧا هدﺮﺘﺴﮔ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻢﻏر تﺎﻘﺒﻃ داﺪﻌﺗ ﺮﺛا نﻮﻨﻛﺎﺗ ،ﻼﺴﺗ

ﺖﺳا هﺪﺸﻧ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ يدﺪﻋ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻼﺴﺗ ﺮﻴﺷ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ يرﺎﻤﺷ

ﺰﻴﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻼﺴﺗ ﺮﻴﺷ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﻪﺑ

ﻪﺘﺧادﺮﭘ يرزﻮﻴﻔﻳد ﺪﻧا

]

داﺪﻌﺗ تﺎﻘﺒﻃ ﺮﺑ

ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻬﺑ داﺪﻌﺗ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ

لﺎﻧﺎﻛ ﺮﻴﺷوﺮﻜﻴﻣ

. رد ﻪﻣادا دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ

ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻚﻳ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ

ﺖﻳﺎﻬﻧرد ﻲﻨﺤﻨﻣ تاﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ

ﻲﺗآ ﻪﺑ ﺢﻴﺿﻮﺗ

ﻲﻣﺎﻧ و دﺪﻋ زﺪﻟﻮﻨﻳر

ﻲﻣ ددﺮﮔ .

ﻦﻳا ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ

،

نوﺪﺑ ﻪﭽﻳرد ﻪﺘﺧادﺮﭘ

ﻊﻣﺎﺟ و ﻦﻳﺮﺗﺪﻳﺪﺟ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ زوﺪﻫﻼﻛ رﺎﻛ ]

16 [ دﺮﻛ هرﺎﺷا

دﻮﺧ

، را ﺮﻴﺷوﺮﻜﻴﻣ ندادراﺮﻗ ﺎﻨﺒﻣ ﺎﺑ زا ار يﺮﺘﻬﺑ دﺮﻛرﺎﻛ ﺎﺑ ﺮﻴﺷوﺮﻜﻴﻣ ،ﻼﺴﺗ ﺮﻴﺷ رد نﺎﻳﺮﺟ يدﺪﻋ

ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻲﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛﻮﺴﻜﻳ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻳ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ رد ار نآ ﻪﻘﺒﻃود ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ و دﺮﻛ ﻪﺑ ﻚﻳﺮﺘﻜﻟاوﺰﻴﭘ دﺮﺑ رﺎﻛ

ﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ نﺎﻣﺪﻴﭼ ﺎﺑ ﭗﻤﭘوﺮﻜﻴﻣ ﻪﻛ ژﺎﭙﻤﭘ ﻲﺑد ﺮﻈﻧ زا ﻪﭼ و يرﺎﺸﻓ لزﺎﻧ مﻮﺳﺮﻣ عﻮﻧ -

د دراد يرزﻮﻴﻔﻳ

ﻞﻜﺷ ﺷ2 ﻴ ﺮ ﻣ نﺎﻤﺘﺧﺎﺳ رد ﻪﻘﺒﻃود ﻼﺴﺗ

)ﭘ ﻴ نﺎﻜ ﻜﺸﻣ

ﺟوﺮﺧ ﻪﺑ ﻲ ﻣ

ﻲﻠﻋ مﺎﺠﻧا هدﺮﺘﺴﮔ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻢﻏر

ﻪﺳﺪﻨﻫ ﺮﻴﺷوﺮﻜﻴﻣ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺸﻧ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ يدﺪﻋ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻼﺴﺗ ﺮﻴﺷ

ﺖﺸﮕﻧا داﺪﻌﺗ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ يرﺎﻤﺷ

ﺎﻧ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ لز - ﻪﺘﺧادﺮﭘ يرزﻮﻴﻔﻳد

ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ

، ﺮﺛا داﺪﻌﺗ

ﺮﻴﺷوﺮﻜﻴﻣ ﺎﺑ

ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻬﺑ

ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ هزاﺪﻧا ضﺮﻋ

ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ ﺪﻫاﻮﺧ ﺪﺷ .

هزاﺪﻧا يﺎﻫ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ

ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﻲﻣ دﻮﺷ . ﺖﻳﺎﻬﻧرد

رد ﺶﺨﺑ يﺎﻫ

ﺐﺴﺣﺮﺑ ﺖﻓا رﺎﺸﻓ

مﻮﺳﺮﻣ جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا ﻲﻣ

رد ﻪﻣادا

، رد

ﭗﻤﭘوﺮﻜﻴﻣ يﺎﻫ

نوﺪﺑ

ﺎﺒﻳﺮﻘﺗ داﺪﻌـﺗ

،رﺎﺸﻓ ﺪﺷر

هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا زا

نآ ﺎﻫ ﭗﻤﭘوﺮﻜﻴﻣ ﻪﻛ

،ﻚﻳﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ لزﺎﻧ - زا

ﻦﻳا دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ نﺎﻣز

ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ار ﺖﺑﺎﺛ زﺪﻟﻮﻨﻳر ﻻﺎﺑ دﺪﻋ ﺮﻴﺷ يﺎﻫﺮﻴﺷ يﺮﻴﮔرﺎﻛ

يﺪﻳﺪﺟ جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا هﺪﺷ

ﻲﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛﻮﺴﻜﻳ يﺎﻫ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ ار يا

هزاﺪﻧا ﻪﺑ ،ﻲﻠﺻا ﺮﻴﺴﻣ زا يا T135

يﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﻲﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛﻮﺴﻜﻳ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ

1. Tesser valve

ﻊﻣﺎﺟ و ﻦﻳﺮﺗﺪﻳﺪﺟ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ

زوﺪﻫﻼﻛ رﺎﻛ دﻮﺧ زا ار يﺮﺘﻬﺑ دﺮﻛرﺎﻛ ﺎﺑ ﺮﻴﺷوﺮﻜﻴﻣ ،ﻼﺴﺗ ﺮﻴﺷ رد نﺎﻳﺮﺟ يدﺪﻋ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻲﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛﻮﺴﻜﻳ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻳ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ رد ار نآ ﻪﻘﺒﻃود ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ و دﺮﻛ ﻪﺑ ﻚﻳﺮﺘﻜﻟاوﺰﻴﭘ ﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ نﺎﻣﺪﻴﭼ ﺎﺑ ﭗﻤﭘوﺮﻜﻴﻣ ﻪﻛ ژﺎﭙﻤﭘ ﻲﺑد ﺮﻈﻧ زا ﻪﭼ و يرﺎﺸﻓ لزﺎﻧ مﻮﺳﺮﻣ عﻮﻧ

ﻞﻜﺷ

ﻲﻠﻋ

ﻪﺳﺪﻨﻫ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺸﻧ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ يدﺪﻋ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻼﺴﺗ ﺮﻴﺷ ﺖﺸﮕﻧا داﺪﻌﺗ ﺎﻧ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻦﻳا ﺮﻴﺷوﺮﻜﻴﻣ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ رد هزاﺪﻧا

ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ) ﻪﻛ ﺐﺴﺣﺮﺑ

مﻮﺳﺮﻣ رد ﭗﻤﭘوﺮﻜﻴﻣ

ﻲﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛﻮﺴﻜـﻳ ار

ﺎﺒﻳﺮﻘﺗ

ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ داﺪﻌـﺗ

ﻖﻠﻄﻣ ﺖﻓا

،رﺎﺸﻓ

هداد و خﺮﻧ ﺪﺷر

ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻲﻣ ﺪﺑﺎﻳ .

1999 هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا

حﺮﻄﻣ ﺪﻧدﺮﻛ . نآ

ﺎﻫﺮﻴﺷ رد ﭗﻤﭘوﺮﻜﻴﻣ

لزﺎﻧ - يرزﻮﻴﻔﻳد

،

ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺪﻧدﺮﻛ .

ﻲﺣاﺮﻃ

،ﻚﻳﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ

يﺎﻫﺮﻴﺷ ﻼﺴﺗ

و لزﺎﻧ

ﺪﻧدﺮﻛ و ﺎﺑ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا

نﺎﻳﺮﺟ

، ﻦﻳا دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ

ﻪﺋارا هﺪﺷ ﺎﺗ نآ نﺎﻣز

يﺮﺗﺮﺑ ﺮﻴﺷ ﺪﻳﺪﺟ

يﺎﻫﺮﻴﺷ ﻲﻠﺒﻗ

ﺖﺑﺎﺛ

رد داﺪﻋا زﺪﻟﻮﻨﻳر

داﺪﻋا زﺪﻟﻮﻨﻳر

ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ياﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ دﺪﻋ

ﺢﻄﺳ ﻊﻄﻘﻣ ﺮﻴﺷ

ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ نآ ﺎﻫ يﺎﻫﺮﻴﺷ

14 [،

ﻪﺑ ﺎﺑ يﺮﻴﮔرﺎﻛ

دﻮﺟﻮﻣ

، ﺮﻳدﺎﻘﻣ يﺪﻳﺪﺟ

ﻼﺴﺗ ﺮﻴﺷوﺮﻜﻴﻣ جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا

ﻪﻛ لﺪﻣ حﻼﺻا هﺪﺷ

ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻲﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛﻮﺴﻜﻳ

ﻲﻳﺎﻧاﻮﺗ ﻪﻴﺒﺷ يزﺎﺳ يﺎﻫ

ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ ار يا

هزاﺪﻧا ﻪﺑ ،ﻲﻠﺻا ﺮﻴﺴﻣ زا يا و ﺖﻓﺎﻳ ار نآ T135

يﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﻲﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛﻮﺴﻜﻳ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ

Tesser valve

ﻚﻳ ﻪﺑ ود ﻲﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛﻮﺴﻜـﻳ

ﻲﻟﺎﺣ ﺖﺳا ﻪﻛ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا

يدﻮﻌﺻ راﺪﻘﻣ

ﻖﻠﻄﻣ

ﻢﻛ يﺮﺗ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا

ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا تﺎﻘﺒﻃ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ

نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ ] 11 [ رد لﺎﺳ

سﺎﻴﻘﻣ وﺮﻜﻴﻣ حﺮﻄﻣ

يﺮﻴﮔرﺎﻛ ﻦﻳا

ﺎﻫﺮﻴﺷ

ﺎﺑ يﺎﻫﺮﻴﺷ لزﺎﻧ

ﻪﺋارا هﺪﺷ دﻮﺑ

، ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ

هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا زا ﻚﻳ ﻲﺣاﺮﻃ

ﻪﺳﺪﻨﻫ يﺎﻫﺮﻴﺷ

دﺎﻬﻨﺸﻴﭘ ﺪﻧدﺮﻛ

و يﺪﻌﺑود يﺎﻳﺎﭘ

نﺎﻳﺮﺟ

يرزﻮﻴﻔﻳد و

ﻼﺴﺗ ﻪﺋارا

ﺎﻫ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻧاﻮﺘﻧ يﺮﺗﺮﺑ

نﺎﻳﺮﺟ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻪﺑ يﺎﻫﺮﻴﺷ

لزﺎﻧ - يرزﻮﻴﻔﻳد

ﻼﺴﺗ رد داﺪﻋا

ﺪﻧراد . نآ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ياﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ

ﻚﭼﻮﻛ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﺢﻄﺳ

ﺖﺳا ﻪﻛ رد ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ

ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ .

و نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ ] 14

ﻲﻜﻴﻣﺎﻨﻳد دﻮﺟﻮﻣ

ﻲﺳﺪﻨﻫ ﻼﺴﺗ ﺮﻴﺷوﺮﻜﻴﻣ

ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ﺪﻧدﺮﻛ ﻪﻛ

ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ياراد ﺖﺒﺴﻧ

نآ ﻲﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﺎﻫ

ﻲﻳﺎﻧاﻮﺗ

ﺮﻴﺷ تﺎﺒﺛا دﺮﻛ .

وﺮﻜـﻴﻣ ﻚﺗ ﺮﻴﺷ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ

ﻪـﺟرد هزاﺪﻧا ﻪﺑ ،ﻲﻠﺻا ﺮﻴﺴﻣ زا يا

ﻲﻣ فاﺮﺤﻧا ﻪﻴﻟوا داﺪﺘﻣا زا و ﺖﻓﺎﻳ

يﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﻲﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛﻮﺴﻜﻳ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ T135

ﻼﺴﺗ يﺎﻫﺮﻴﺷ ﺮﮕﻳد عاﻮﻧا ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ دراد

.

داﺪﻌﺗ ﺎﻫﺮﻴـﺷ زا ﻚﻳ

ﺪﻨﻛ و ﻦﻳا رد ﻲﻟﺎﺣ

ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا يدﻮﻌﺻ

ار ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻢﻛ

ﻪﺑ ﺞﻳرﺪﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا

ﺮﺘﺳرﻮﻓ و نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ

ياﺮﺑ ﻦﻴﻟوا رﺎﺑ رد سﺎﻴﻘﻣ

دﻮﺧ

، ﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ يﺮﻴﮔرﺎﻛ

ﺖﻴﻌﺿو نآ ار

ﻢﺘﺳا و ﻢﺘﺳا ] 12 [ ﻪﺋارا

ﺰﻣﺎﻴﻠﻳو ] 13 [،

ﺎﺑ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا

ﻪﻛ زا ﺐﻴﻛﺮﺗ

دﻮﺟو هﺪﻣآ دﻮﺑ

ﺖﻨﺋﻮﻠﻓ

، ﺎﺑ ﻞﺣ و يﺪﻌﺑود

يﺎﻫﺮﻴﺷ لزﺎﻧ - يرزﻮﻴﻔﻳد

. ﺎﺑ ﻦﻳا لﺎﺣ نآ ﺎﻫ

زا ﻢﻳژر نﺎﻳﺮﺟ

ﺪﺷ ﻪﻛ ﺮﻴﺷ لزﺎﻧ

(Re و ﺮﻴﺷ

دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ يﺮﺘﻬﺑ

ﺮﻄﻗ ﻲﻜﻴﻟورﺪﻴﻫ

. نﺎﻳﺎﺷ ﺮﻛذ ﺖﺳا

ﻲﮕﻤﻫ ياراد ﻚﻳ

2005 اﻮﺒﻣﺎﮔ و

يدﺪﻋ و لﺪﻣ يﺎﻫ ﻲﻜﻴﻣﺎﻨﻳد

يﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﻪﻨﻴﻬﺑ

ﻲﺳﺪﻨﻫ

ﻪﺑ رﻮﻃ ﻲﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﺖﺑﺎﺛ

داﺪﻋا زﺪﻟﻮﻨﻳر ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ

ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ نآ ﻲﺑﺮﺠﺗ

دﻮﺒﻬﺑ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺮﻴﺷ

2004

، ﺎﻴﻟ 15] وﺮﻜـﻴﻣ [

فاﺮﺤـﻧا يﺎﺟ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ دﺮﻛ 45

ﻪـﺟرد

ﻲﻣ فاﺮﺤﻧا ﻪﻴﻟوا داﺪﺘﻣا زا ﻪﻛ دﺮﻛ ﺖﺑﺎﺛ T135

ﻼﺴﺗ يﺎﻫﺮﻴﺷ ﺮﮕﻳد عاﻮﻧا ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ

ﻪﻛ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا داﺪﻌﺗ

ود ﺮـﺑاﺮـﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺪﻨﻛ

تﺎﻘﺒﻃ

، ﻦﻤﺿ

ﻲﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛﻮﺴﻜﻳ ﻪﺑ

مﺎﺠﻧاﺮﺳ ﺮﺘﺳرﻮﻓ

ﺮﻴﺷ ﻼﺴﺗ ار ياﺮﺑ

رد عاﺮﺘﺧا دﻮﺧ

،ﻚﻳﺮﺘﻜﻟاوﺰﻴﭘ ﺖﻴﻌﺿو

ﻼﺒﻗ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻢﺘﺳا

ﺮﺘﺳرﻮﻓ و ﺰﻣﺎﻴﻠﻳو

ﺮﻴﺷ

1ﺮﺴﺗ ار ﻪﻛ

يرزﻮﻴﻔﻳد ﻪﺑ

دﻮﺟو

مﺮﻧ راﺰﻓا ﺖﻨﺋﻮﻠﻓ

ﺮﻴﺷ ار ﺎﺑ يﺎﻫﺮﻴﺷ

ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺪﻧدﺮﻛ .

رد ﻚﻳ ﻒﻴﻃ

ﺪﻨﻨﻛ . ﺺﺨﺸﻣ

ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ) 100 Re<

) 100 Re>

( دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ

زﺪﻟﻮﻨﻳر زا ﺮﻄﻗ

ﺪﻧدﺮﻛ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا .

درﻮﻣ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻲﮕﻤﻫ

رد لﺎﺳ 2005

شور يﺎﻫ يدﺪﻋ

ياﺮﺑ يﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ

ﺪﻧدﺮﻛ . نآ ﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ

ﻪﺑ صﻮﺼﺧ رد داﺪﻋا

يﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻲﻣ

ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

يﺪﻌﺑود ار رد دﻮﺒﻬﺑ

لﺎﺳ رد 2004

فاﺮﺤـﻧا يﺎﺟ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ دﺮﻛ 135 ﻪﺟرد

، ﻲﻣ فاﺮﺤﻧا ﻪﻴﻟوا داﺪﺘﻣا زا

ﺪﻴﻣﺎﻧ . يو ﻪﻛ دﺮﻛ ﺖﺑﺎﺛ

ﻼﺴﺗ يﺎﻫﺮﻴﺷ ﺮﮕﻳد عاﻮﻧا ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻪﻛ ود تﺎﻘﺒﻃ ﻲﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛﻮﺴﻜﻳ ﻲﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛﻮﺴﻜﻳ ﺮﻴﺷ رد

،ﻚﻳﺮﺘﻜﻟاوﺰﻴﭘ ﻼﺒﻗ ﺮﻴﺷ يرزﻮﻴﻔﻳد مﺮﻧ ﺮﻴﺷ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ رد ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ) زﺪﻟﻮﻨﻳر ﺪﻧدﺮﻛ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا درﻮﻣ شور ياﺮﺑ ﺪﻧدﺮﻛ ﻪﺑ يﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ يﺪﻌﺑود فاﺮﺤـﻧا يﺎﺟ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ دﺮﻛ 135 ﺪﻴﻣﺎﻧ ﻼﺴﺗ يﺎﻫﺮﻴﺷ ﺮﮕﻳد عاﻮﻧا ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ