The Dabuyid Spahbeds in Tang Texts: The Position of Tabarestan in the Political-Military Strategy of the Tang Empire in the Eighth. When the Spahbeds opposed the Arabs and the Turks, the Tang Empire was able to defeat the Turks and reach the vicinity of the borders of Greater Khorasan.
هيوباد لآ نادبهپساگنات نوتم رد
يژتارتسا رد ناتسربط هاگياج
يسایس-
يماظن يروتارپما
يدلایم متشه نرق رد گنات
Beckwith, Christopher I, Empires of the Silk Road: A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present. Ouyang Xiu, Song Qi zhuan, New Books of the history of Tang Dynasty, Volume 221(II), Biographies lives 146 (II).
لاس يسرربتدم و رامش
تموکح نامزنامیلس
ناخ ناخليا ؛
تسد ةدناشن
هبنتسا
يخيرات تادنتسم
Its great importance, together with the lack of resources in this regard, made 'Abdulḥai -ibn- 'Abdulvahhāb Hosseini, Herat's judge (Qāżī) in the reign of Shah Ismail I and Shah Tahmasb I and one of the cultural elites in the last Timurid era, made. write a textbook based on Shia jurisprudence to guide the staff in religious registers. If this text is compared with his contemporary and similar works and the historical context at the time of its composition is taken into account, then it will be clear that the author's purpose in writing the book was to provide Shia resources in jurisprudence to strengthen.
يوفص تلود تسخن ةرود رد يعیش يهقف نوتم دیلوت لامج :يدروم ةنومن
اشنلااء
Praxeology and Typology of Oppressive Developments in Safavid Iran from the Reign of Shah Abbas I to the End of the 19th Safavid Iran was a time of widespread popular grievances against the injustices of government officials and other influential people. Therefore, by recognizing the oppressors and their characteristics in this period, we can show part of the social life of the people through their protests against the actions of government agents.
The main question of this study is what effect the policy of the Safavid government had on the practice of the oppressors of this era and what typological changes it made in them. Studying the oppressors of the Safavid period in various documents, books and documents, and based on the findings of the research, it must be said that at the beginning of this government, due to the turmoil in the country, there were less opportunities for the oppressors to show themselves, but from the reign of Shah Abbas I, as well as of his successors, the stability of the government gradually led to the establishment of the institute of grievances and the emergence of behaviors such as collective grievances, writing grievances and creating a kind of cohesion, persistence and even planning and union solidarity and It became a group of oppressors. For the first time, nomads, women, minorities and foreigners joined the category of the oppressed.
In the current study, this issue was investigated based on historical methods, descriptive-analytical and on the basis of library data retrieval.
هنوگ و يسانشراتفريسانش
تلاوحتناملظتم
ناريارصع
هاش تنطلس زا ات مکي سابع
ناياپنايوفص
The development of Safavid studies in the contemporary period raises the need to evaluate and review research in this field from the emergence of Safavid studies until now. Safavid studies was a deep-rooted and at the same time important effort to know Iran in the 10th to 12th AH/16. to the 18th century. This effort was on the one hand a reflection of the research of Iranian scholars and on the other hand the achievement of Iranologists, especially Westerners and Europeans.
This paper attempts to identify and present examples of research in this field, while pointing to the early stages of Safavid studies and classifying their basic periods, paying attention to the views of developments in Iran during the Safavid era. Iranian research on this topic began already in the Safavid era, but in fact it found a decent place in later periods, especially in modern Iranian historiography. The most important part of Safavid studies is the contribution of European and then American scientific centers and Iranologists.
There are also indications of research shortcomings of this issue, proposals for expanding the fields of Safavid studies and attention to the use of Iranian historical documents, letters and sources, the need for attention to European and Western visual sources, especially historical maps and paintings, and attention to Iranian maritime history. The Safavid period and the consideration of the concept of the Iranian world is another part of the current study.
يشيدنازاب رد
شهوژپياه
هيوفص:يسانش
هنیشیپمشچ ،نونکا
زادنا
Mansur Sefatgol, "Majmuahha: maddoota barbaachisoo fi hin beekamne seenaa barreessuu Iraan yeroo Safavids dhumaa - dhimma Mamuah-I Mirza Muina", Sanadoota Faarsi, Seenaa Hawaasummaa Iraan fi Turan Jaarraa Kudha Shanaffaa fi Kudha Sagalffaa keessatti, Kondo I'n gulaale jedhee darbate, RoutledgeCurzon. Sussan Babaie, Kathryn Babayan, Garboota Shaah: Elite Haaraa Safavid Iraan. Mirza Mohammad Rafi` Ansari, Dastur al-Moluk, maxxansa guutuu Maanu’alii Bulchiinsa Safavid.
The Legacy of Sharifābād Mobeds From the beginning of the Safavid dynasty to the end of the Qajar rule. This influence resulted from the migration of Mubedān-e-Mubed and their servants from Fars to this region. In addition to reviewing numerous texts and articles, the administrative documents of the Nāseri Association of Sharifābād branch in different decades have been carefully examined in this study.
By examining the old documents of donations and documents of Mubedān and the former chiefs of the town, important information was obtained. Also, by identifying the old houses of the Mubedān, a possible place of transcription of the Avesta was found.
فيرش نادبوم ثاریمهيراجاق ناياپ ات هيوفص زاغآ زا ،دابآ
Colophons and Marginal Notes on the Avestan Manuscripts of the Pouladi Collection in Yazd, Iranian Studies. The Safavid cemetery of this village contains thirty large tombstones that are valuable in terms of history, art and cultural and social content. This article, based on field research, focused on the artistic and visual features of Joshaqan tombstones, but carefully examined the text and content of the inscriptions.
The investigation includes the form, decorations, type and quality of lines, and especially the religious and cultural content of Shiite inscriptions, identification of the names and nominal culture, families, occupations and the dating of the tombstones. The religious content of the inscriptions is mainly related to the Shiite slogan of salawat-i kabira. The results depict a part of the social history and culture and livelihood of the people of Joshaqan in the Safavid period as an example of the culture of all parts of Iran.
Naturally, the livelihood of the people of Joshqan was affected by the stonecutting industry, and the owners of a number of gravestones were stonecutters or members of the stonecutting family. Also, the large gravestones of this cemetery lost their use with the end of the Safavid period, a trend that is more or less present in other places as well.
مدرم و يخيرات يسرربيتخانش
گنسياهربق
ناقشوج
کرتسا
In some cases, it also uses a person as an observer (approving or informing) to take care of the responsible work. The structure of endowment supervision in the Qajar era can be divided into two periods; the first period, which was mostly governed by the priests, local trustees and benefactors' relatives. And the second period was the time of the legality of the endowment organization that its sure recognition was expressed after the constitution in the 6th constitutional article of Sha'ban and also in the constitutional amendment of Jumada al-Thani 19.
During the study of 250 endowments related to Neyshabour in the Qajar era, we are faced with 56 endowments where topics such as supervisor (information or ascertainment) and supervision of endowments are mentioned in the main text. From review and comparison of the text of these documents, we come to the conclusion that according to the accompanying text of each grant, tutors have three types of dependence on the benefactor; 10 Kinship between tutor and benefactor 20 Nonkinship between tutor and benefactor 3. Endowment supervision in Neyshabour society has mostly depended on the wish and choice of the benefactor, and he/she has often left it to himself or his trusted relatives.
The process of succession and the assumption of extinction are factors that will not be lost on the benefactor and usually supervision was transferred to scholars and local clergy, or from the beginning clergy and local scholars supervised the donations. Among other trusted people and local administrators were Sayyids who oversaw some donations.
ظن تیعضو يسرربا
رت
رودة
In the nineteenth century, the sublime government of the Protected Lands of the Iranian Empire (SGPCEI), like other Asian states and societies (most of which lost their independence), came under pressure from imperialist states, especially Britain and Russia, because of its strategic position, and the Iranian people, like many other Asian peoples. The situation remained the same and unchanged until at the end of the nineteenth century the Sunny Empire or Japan began a wave of modernist reforms that culminated in the Meiji period and resulted in the creation of an invincible power even against the Russian Empire. superpower. The question here is what the Iranians knew about developments in Japan, what was the source of this knowledge, what effect it had on Iranian thinking and social or even economic developments, and what was the reaction of the Japanese people and the Japanese government on it. the new developments in Iran.
The article concludes that with the arrival of the Japanese news from Reuters, a wave of revolutionary and proto-pan-Asianism was formed in Iran, resulting in a constitutional revolution, while the Japanese did not know either Iran or the political situation in both countries. , they were not paying attention.
عياقو باتزابنپاژ
ربيمومع ناهذا
