ناریا ینابغاب مولع

53 1

1401 ) 283 - 271

( Vol 53, No 1, Spring 2022 (271-283)

DOI: 10.22059/ijhs.2019.260896.1464

* Corresponding author E-mail: Ghasemnezhad@guilan.ac.ir

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Effect of salt stress on growth characteristics and leaf chlorine and sodium content of rooted cuttings of some pomegranate cultivars in Esfahan region

Esmail Jadidi¹, Mahmood Ghasemnezhad^2*, Maryam Tatari³ and Hamidreza Salemi⁴ 1. Ph.D. Candidate, Faculty of Agriculture, University Campus, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran

2. Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran

3. Assistant Professor, Horticulture Crops Research Department, Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Isfahan, Iran

4. Assistant Professor, Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center (AREEO), Isfahan, Iran

(Received: July 08, 2018 - Accepted: Jan. 05, 2019) ABSTRACT

In this study, the effect of different concentrations of sodium chloride (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 ds/m) on growth characteristics and leaves sodium and chlorine content of eight pomegranate cultivars (Malas Saveh, Malas Esfahan, Rabab Qermez Shiraz, Gabry Yazd, Gabry Torosh Yazd, Zaq Sefid Yazd, Zaq Torsh Yazd and Malas Toq Peshva) was investigated. The experiment was carried out as a factorial based on randomized block designs with three replications. At the end of study, growth characteristics and leaves sodium and chlorine content were determined. With increasing salinity, plant height and diameter, branches number and leaf chlorophyll index were decreased, but the leave necrosis and chlorine and sodium concentration were increased. Shoots fresh and dry weight were increased slightly when salinity increased up to 3 dS/m and thereafter decreased.. The lowest leaf abscission was found in Zaqe Sefid Yazd and Gabry Yazd when treated with 6 and 12 dS/m. At 12 dS/m, the lowest leaf necrosis was found in Malas Esfahan, but at 6 dS/m, Zaq Sefid Yazd and Malas Esfahan showed the lowest decreasing percent respectively. At 9 and 12 dS/m Malas Saveh and Rabab Qermaz Shiraz showed the highest leave necrosis as compared to the control. In salinity of 6 and 12 dS/m, the Gabry Torosh Yazd and Malas Esfahan cultivars showed the lowest decreasing in chlorophyll leaf index respectively. The lowest chlorine and sodium accumulation at 12 dS/m was observed in Malas Toq Pishva and Zaq Sefid Yazd cultivars.

Keywords: Chlorine, ion toxicity, leave necrosis, sodium.

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Table 1. The physical and chemical properties of studied soil for rooted cuttings of eight pomegranate cultivars in Esfehan region.

Unit Value

Property Unit

Value Property

mg/Kg 709

K -

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% 30

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% 7.25

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% 0.096

N

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% 35

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salinity

% 30

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EC (ds/m) pH

Na (mg/L) Cl (mg /L)

Ca (mg /L) Mg (mg /L)

K (mg /L)

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7.84 7.90 8.20 770

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P K

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EC (ds/m) Bicarbonate pH

(meq/L) Chloride

(meq/L) Sulfate

(meq/L) Total anions

(meq/L) Ca

(meq/L) Mg

(meq/L) Na

(meq/L) Total cations

(meq/L)

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3.2 3

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Table 5. Results of variance analysis effect of salinity and cultivar on some vegetative traits of pomegranate rooted cuttings in Esfahan region.

Mean of squares Source df

of variation Leave

necrosis Chlorophyll

index Branches

number Shoots

dry weight Shoots fresh

weight Leaf

abscission Plant

diameter Plant

height

0.13^ns 3.39^ns

1.07^ns 7664.87^**

23020.24^**

113.63^ns 0.35^ns

165.85^ns 2

Block

6.77^**

21.47^* 1.42^**

49298.13^**

186579.28^**

15113.8^**

69.13^**

6699.52^**

4 Salinity

1.02^**

66.85^**

0.95^* 4703.84^**

19797.82^**

267.75^* 11.55^**

1655.9^**

7 Cultivar

0.23^* 27.15^**

0.27^ns 7664.87^ns

3461.07^ns 339.41^*

6.66^**

634.41^**

28 Salinity × cultivar

78 Erorr

16.5 5.3

35 25.8

24.5 29

25.7 28.4

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Table 6. Mean comparison intraction effect of salinity and cultivaron some vegetative traits of pomegranate rooted cuttings in Esfahan region.

Plant height (cm) Plant diameter

(mm) Leaf

abscission Branches

number Chlorophyll index

(SPAD) Leave

necrosis Salinity

(ds/m) Cultivars

51.67^e-m 56.33^d-l 56.67^d-l 61.33^d-h 18.00^o 5.25^e-k

6.48^c-g 6.90^a-f 5.55^e-j 2.14^n-q 26.66^hi

24.00^hi 29.66^hi 74.66^b-e

b-e 71.66 2.76^cde

2.67^cde 1.67^efg 1.67^efg 3.00^bcd 54.87^b-f

54.33^b-f 53.13^b-h 47.20^klm 50.47^f-1 1.60^ghi

2.20^defg 2.50^a-e 2.20^d-g 2.70^a-e 0

3 6 9 12 Zaqe-Sefid-Yazd

74.00^cde 105.00^ab 71.00^c-f 50.33^e-n 42.00^g-n 6.74^b-g

3.35^k-o 6.15^d-h 3.13^k-o 3.11^l-p 16.66ⁱ

22.33^hi 25.00^li 70.66^b-e 74.00^b-e 2.00^d-g

2.00^d-g 3.00^bcd 1.67^efg 1.00^g 53.77^b-g

53.00^c-i 53.60^bg 54.50^b-f 54.50^b-f 1.00ⁱ

1.60^ghi 1.60^ghi 2.43^a-f 2.30^b-f 0

3 6 9 12 Malas-Toq-Pishva

69.33^c-f 54.00^d-1 59.67^d-j 36.67^h-o 32.33^k-o 5.68^e-i

5.13^f-1 5.99^e-h 2.94^m-p

1.00^pq 19.66ⁱ

37.33^ghi 22.67^hi 65.66^c-f 87.00^abc 4.00^ab

4.00^ab 2.33^def 2.67^cde 2.00^d-g 52.20^d-i

50.27^f-l 54.63^b-f 47.37^j-m 49.40^g-m 2.20^d-g

2.20^d-g 2.70^a-e 2.90^ab 2.50^a-e 0

3 6 9 12 Malas-Esfahan

62.33^d-h 60.67^d-i 71.33^c-f 33.33^j-o 23.67^no 6.74^b-g

6.56^c-g 3.32^k-o 2.21^n-q 3.54^j-n 22.66^hi

22.00^hi 44.33^fgh 82.00^a-b 64.00^c-f 2.00^d-g

2.00^d-g 3.00^bcd 2.00^d-g 1.67^efg 51.60^e-k

55.70^b-e 56.60^bcd 57.30^bc 57.70^b 1.40^hi

1.40^hi 1.83^fgh 2.80^a-d 2.20^d-g 0

3 6 9 12 Zaq-Torsh-Yazd

70.67^c-f 91.00^abc 71.00^c-f 59.00^d-k 24.76^mno 7.30^a-e

6.64^c-g 6.65^c-g 8.42^abc 4.63^g-m 29.00^hi

39.00^ghi 28.00^hi 58.33^efg 63.33^def 3.00^bcd

2.67^cde 3.67^abc 3.67^abc 3.00^bcd 48.43^i-m

52.07^d-i 49.53^g-m 46.37^lmn 49.67^g-m 1.00ⁱ

2.20^d-g 2.43^a-f 2.43^a-f 2.70^a-e 0

3 6 9 12 Gabry-Yazd

80.67^bcd 66.67^c-g 111.33^a 61.67^d-h 29.67^l-o 8.13^a-d

8.95^a 3.56^i-n 4.05^h-n 2.35^n-q 22.66^hi

30.00^hi 38.66^ghi 83.66^a-d 100.00^a 4.67^a

4.00^ab 4.67^a 2.67^cde 1.67^efg 56.07^b-e

50.80^f-l 49.27^g-m 53.40^b-g 48.57^h-m 1.00ⁱ

2.10^efg 2.70^a-e 2.90^a-b 3.00^a 0

3 6 9 12 Malas-Saveh

57.67^d-k 44.33^f-o 24.67^mno 46.00^f-n 34.00^i-o 4.87^fm

5.81^e-h 5.18^e-l 3.55^j-n 0.75^q 22.00^hi

26.66^hi 68.00^b-e 58.66^efg 69.33^b-e 4.00^ab

2.67^cde 3.00^bcd 2.33^def 3.00^bcd 48.57^h-m

54.60^b-f 45.53^l-m 52.20^d-i 51.83^e-i 1.60^ghi

2.43^a-f 2.70^a-e 2.83^abc 2.80^a-d 0

3 6 9 12 Rabab-Qarmz-Shiraz

63.00^d-h 53.00^e-l 92.33^abc 70.33^c-f 32.00^k-o 8.82^ab

6.43^c-g 2.99^m-p 5.53^e-j 1.38^opq 24.33^hi

30.33^hi 35.00^hi 75.66^b-e 89.33^ab 3.67^abc

3.00^bcd 1.33^fg 2.00^d-g 1.33^f-g 51.83^e-i

50.27^f-l 63.54^a 43.03ⁿ 52.77^c-i 1.00ⁱ

1.60^ghi 2.23^c-f 2.43^a-f 2.63^a-e 0

3 6 9 12 Gabry-Torosh-Yazd

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v$< a BL lb, #$% < 0! e76 !./

)$p+ \ 8 < e76 !./ •E .

& #$%

12 ), T$ : !B+!

-f

V7%!% 3 Y\ T.+ M 7Y, | : 8 , T.+

57 / 48 47 / 50 4 / 49 3/ &

4 / 13 8 3 / 5 \

;Q 7% 3 =G5Q # /

)_ L 3/

-f V7%!% 3 : !7 M+!f Z M h!% | :

7 / 57 83 / 51 3/ &

5 / 10 2 / 6 3 =G5Q \

7%

& . ;Q # M6 9

), T$ : -f !B+ ! | : M h!% !G'

M !G' 8 , T.+ Y\ T.+ M 7Y, K7PQ 7+ V7%!% 3 0! e76 !./ •E

03 / 43 2 / 47 37 / 47 4 / 53 37 / 46 3/ 8

7 / 16 4 / 13 2 / 9 7 / 4 2 / 4 =G5Q # / \

7% 3 . ;Q

a 7 . K7PQ 7+ 35 *+

3 .f ); H Y\ )E! ! & !"

. Y\ 3*b$+ Q 8 3;

Table 7. Mean comparison effect of salinity on some vegetative traits of pomegranate rooted cuttings of in Esfahan region.

Shoots fresh weight (g) Shoot dry weight (g)

Branches number Salinity (ds/m)

333.45^ab 388.8^a 290.62^b 223.75^c 165.32^d 175.80^a

198.59^a 140.24^b 113.03^bc 86.93^c 1.75^ab

2.0^a 2.04^ab 1.91^ab 1.58^b 0

3 6 9 12

;Q &B, ! D!B;+ y !L 8 $

&GQ H Y%

)$p+

a BL lb, 5

)+ \ .

Means within a column followed by the same letter are not significantly difference at p<0.05.

a 8 .

! -f & e *B+ !" K7PQ 7+ 35 *+

3; 3 .f )R!6 3E p% 8 5E 2;E !% : 8 Q . Y\ 3*b$+

Table 8. Mean comparison intraction effect of salinity and cultivar on shoot dry and fresh weight of pomegranate rooted cuttings in Esfahan region.

Shoots fresh weight (g) Shoots dry weight

Branches number (g) Cultivars

281.18^ab 253.51^b 248.08^b 241.93^b 354.53^a 286.46^ab 275.87^b 301.33^ab 142.87^ab

132.01^ab 122.44^b 121.45^b 172.77^a 146.04^ab 142.95^ab 159.83^ab 1.66^a

1.53^a 2.00^a 1.73^a 1.80^a 2.20^a 2.20^a 2.06^a Zaqe-Sefid-Yazd

Malas-Toq-Pishva Malas-Esfahan Zaq-Torsh-Yazd Gabry-Yazd Malas-Saveh Rabab-Qarmez-Shiraz Gabry-Torosh-Yazd

;Q &B, ! D!B;+ y !L 8 $

&GQ H Y%

)$p+

a BL lb, 5

)+ \ .

Means within a column followed by the same letter are not significantly difference at p<0.05.