،ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻪﻠﺠﻣ ،ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﺖﺴﻳﺯ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﻪﻳﺮﺸﻧ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ
۶۵ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ، ۱ ﺭﺎﻬﺑ ، ۱۳۹۱ ﻪﺤﻔﺻ ﺯﺍ ، ۵۳ ﺎﺗ ۶۶ ٥٣
ﺡﺮﻃ ﺭ ﻳ ﺰ ﻱ ﺮﮕﺷﺩﺮﮔ ﻱ
ﺭﺩ ﺖﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻜﺘﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺭﻮﺧﺎﻐﭼ ﺏﻻﺎﺗ
ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ
ﺯﺭﺍ ﻳ ﺑﺎ ﻲ ﺪﻨﭼ ﻌﻣ ﻴ ﻧﺎﮑﻣ ﻩﺭﺎ (SMCE) ﻲ
ﺭﺎﮐ ﻪﻧﺍﺩ ﻦﻴﺸﻓﺍ
*
،١
ﻲﻬﻟﺍﺪﺳﺍ ﺍﺮﻫﺯ ،۲
ﻩﺩﺍﺰﻴﻠﻋ ﻦﻴﺸﻓﺍ ﻭ۳
ﺮﻴﺸﻧﺍﻮﺟ ﺵﺭﺁ ۳
ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻩﺪﮑﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺭﺎﻴﺸﻧﺍﺩ ۱
ﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﻥ ﺍ ، ﻳ ﻥﺍﺮ
ﺶﻧﺍﺩ۲
ﻪﺘﺧﻮﻣﺁ ﺳﺎﻨﺷﺭﺎﮐ ﻲ ﺍﺩ ،ﺖﺴﻳﺯ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﺪﺷﺭﺍ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻩﺪﮑﺸﻧ
ﺍ ، ﻳ ﻥﺍﺮ
ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻩﺪﮑﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺭﺎﻳﺩﺎﺘﺳﺍ ۳
ﺍ ، ﻳ ﻥﺍﺮ
) ﺖﻓﺎﻳﺭﺩ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ :
۴ / ۷ / ۸۹ ، ﺐﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ :
۲۵ / ۳ / ۹۰ (
ﮑﭼ ﻴ ﻩﺪ
ﺯ ﺏﻻﺎﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺭﻮﻧﺎﺟ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﻱﻻﺎﺑ ﻉﻮﻨﺗ ﻭ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻲﻳﺎﺒﻳ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ
ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳﻮﮐﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻥﺎﻬﺟ ﺮﺳﺍﺮﺳ ﺻﺍ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻫ
ﻱﺮﮕﺷﺩﺮﮔ ﻲﻠ
ﻩﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻞﻳﺪﺒﺗ ﺖﺳﺍ
. ﺏﻻﺎﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻧﺍﺪﻨﻣﺩﺮﺧ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺘﺳﺩ ﻱﺎﺘﺳﺍﺭ ﺭﺩ ﺏﻻﺎﺗ ﺖﻳﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻴﺳﺭ ﻲﻧﺯﺍﻮﺗ ﻭ ﻝﺩﺎﻌﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻱﺭﻭﺮﺿ ﺎﻫ
ﺎﻫ
ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻊﻴﺳﻭ ﻩﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﺭﺩ ﺡﺮﻃ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺷ ﻦﻴﻤﻀﺗ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ ﺖﻟﺎﺧﺩ ﺎﺗ ﻖﻠﻄﻣ ﺖﻇﺎﻔﺣ ﺯﺍ ﻪﮐ ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ
،ﺏﻻﺎﺗ ﻲﺘﺴﻳﺯ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﻱﺰﻳﺭ
ﺩ ﻱﺭﺎﻛﻭﺯﺎﺳ ﻲﻣ ﺏﻮﺴﺤﻣ ﻑﺪﻫ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻞﻴﻧ ﻩﺍﺭ ﺭ
ﻮﺷ ﺩ . ﺡﺮﻃ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺭ
ﻳ ﺰ ﻱ ﺮﮕﺷﺩﺮﮔ ﻱ ﻭ ﻝﺎﺤﻣﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺭﻮﺧﺎﻐﭼ ﺏﻻﺎﺗ
ﻱﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺑ ﻪﻨﻬﭘ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ
ﺵﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻲﺗﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻳﻻ ﻖﻴﻔﻠﺗ
ﮐﺮﺗ ﻴ ﻄﺧ ﺐ ﻲ ﻥﺯﻭ ﺭﺍﺩ ﺤﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻴ ﺳ ﻂ ﻴ ﻓﺍﺮﻐﺟ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻢﺘﺴ ﻴ
ﺎ ﻲﻳ
ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ .
ﻡﺎﮔ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺗ
ﺮﮕﺷﺩﺮﮔ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﺶﻨﻳﺰﮔ ﻭ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ،ﻑﺪﻫ ﻦﻴﻴﻌ ﻱ
ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻱﺯﺎﺳ ﻝﺎﺑﺮﻏ ،
ﻲﻔﻟﺩ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺖﻳﻮﻟﻭﺍ ،
ﻥﺯﻭ ﻭ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﻲﺒﺗﺍﺮﻣ ﻪﻠﺴﻠﺳ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﺪﻨﻳﺍﺮﻓ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻲﻫﺩ
، ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻱﺯﺎﺳ ﻪﺸﻘﻧ ﺎﻫ
ﻪﻨﻬﭘ ﺖﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻭ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ
ﻥﻭﺯ ﺶﻨﻳﺰﮔ ﺮﮕﺷﺩﺮﮔ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﺖﺳﺍ . ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﺣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ ،ﻲﻔﻟﺩ
ﺯ ﻳ ﻌﻣﺮ ﻴ ﺳﺎﺴﺣ ﺭﺎ ﻴ ﻌﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺖ ﻴ
ﻠﺻﺍ ﺭﺎ ﻲ ﺣ ﻴ ﺕﺎ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﺶﺣﻭ ﻳ
ﻦ
ﻤﻫﺍ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻴ
ﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﺐﺴﮐ ﺍﺭ ﺖ .
ﺵﻭﺭ ﻱﺍﺮﺟﺍ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ ﻠﺤﺗ
ﻴ ﺒﺗﺍﺮﻣ ﻪﻠﺴﻠﺳ ﻞ ﺖﻳﻮﻟﻭﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻲ
ﻠﺻﺍ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﻲ
ﺮﮕﺷﺩﺮﮔ ﻱ ، ﻌﻣ ﻴ ﺳ ﺭﺎ ﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻱ
ﻣﺯﺮﺳ ﻴ ﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻦ ﻴ ﺮﺘﺸ ﻳ ﺮﺿ ﻦ ﻳ ﻧﺯﻭ ﺐ ﻲ ﻮﻟﻭﺍ ﻳ ﺩﺍﺩ ﺹﺎﺼﺘﺧﺍ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺖﺴﺨﻧ ﺖ .
ﺯﺮﻣ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺎﺑ ﻱﺰﺑﺁ ﻥﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺏﻻﺎﺗ
ﺭﺩ
ﻲﺟﺮﻔﺗ ﻥﻭﺯ ﻪﺳ ﺖﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﺎﺑ ﺖﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻲﮑﺘﻣ ﻱﺮﮕﺷﺩﺮﮔ ﻭ ﻲﮑﻳﺰﻴﻓ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻥﻭﺪﺑ ﺖﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻲﮑﺘﻣ ﻱﺮﮕﺷﺩﺮﮔ ،ﻢﺴﻳﺭﻮﺗﻮﮐﺍ ﻥﻭﺯ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ
ﻲﮑﻳﺰﻴﻓ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﺭﻮﺧﺎﻐﭼ ﺏﻻﺎﺗ ﺭﺩ
ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺎﻤﻧﺎﺟ ﻭ ﻲﻳ ﺷ ﺪ .
ﻱﺎﻫ ﻩﮊﺍﻭ ﻠﮐ ﻴ ﺪ ﻱ : ﺮﮕﺷﺩﺮﮔ ﻱ ﺖﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﺭﺩ ،
ﻧﺎﮑﻣ ﻩﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﺪﻨﭼ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﻲ
ﻠﺤﺗ ، ﻥﻭﺯ ،ﻲﺒﺗﺍﺮﻣ ﻪﻠﺴﻠﺳ ﻞﻴ ،ﻱﺪﻨﺑ
،ﺏﻻﺎﺗ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺭﻮﺧﺎﻐﭼ ﺏﻻﺎﺗ
ﻝﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﻩﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ * :
ﻦﻔﻠﺗ
: 02612229721
ﺲﻛﺎﻓ : 02612229721 E-mail: danehkar@ut.ac.ir
ﺡﺮﻃ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻜﺘﻣ ﻱﺮﮕﺷﺩﺮﮔ ﻱﺰﻳﺭ ...
٥٤
ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ
ﺮﮕﺷﺩﺮﮔ ﻱ ﻪﺑ ﺮﻇﺎﺣ ﻝﺎﺣ ﺭﺩ ﻳ
ﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﮏ ﻴ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺖ ﻱ
ﺰﺋﺎﺣ
ﻤﻫﺍ ﻴ ﺒﻃ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺖ ﻴ
ﻌ ﻲ ﺪﺒﺗ ﻥﺎﻬﺟ ﻳ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻞ .
ﺯﺍ
ﺶﻟﺎﭼ ﺶﻴﭘ ﻩﺪﻤﻋ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺭﺍﺮﻘﺘﺳﺍ ﻢﺴﻳﺭﻮﺗﻮﮐﺍ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻱﻭﺭ
ﮏﻳﮊﻮﻟﻮﮐﺍ ﻅﺎﺤﻟ ﺯﺍ ﺭﺍﺪﻳﺎﭘ ﻞﮑﺷ ﻪﺑ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻦﻴﻋ ﺭﺩ ﻭ
ﻪﺑ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺘﺳﺩ ﻝﺎﺣ ﻪﺑﺮﺠﺗ
ﺍ ﻱ ﺖﻳﺎﺿﺭ ﻮﺳ ﺯﺍ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻱ
ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺭﺩ ﺖﺸﻴﻌﻣ ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻭ ﻥﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﮐﺪﻳﺩﺯﺎﺑ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺎﺑﺰﻴﻣ
.(Lim & Mcaleer, 2005)
ﺯ ﻲﻳﺎﺒﻳ
ﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺭﻮﻧﺎﺟ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﻱﻻﺎﺑ ﻉﻮﻨﺗ ﻭ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﺯ
ﺏﻻﺎﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳﻮﮐﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻥﺎﻬﺟ ﺮﺳﺍﺮﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻫ
ﻞﻳﺪﺒﺗ ﻱﺮﮕﺷﺩﺮﮔ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﻩﺩﻮﻤﻧ
ﻱﺎﻫﺪﻣﺁﺭﺩ ﻭ
ﺯﺍ ﻲﻠﻠﻤﻟﺍ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻭ ﻲﻠﺤﻣ ﺡﻮﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻬﺟﻮﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ
ﺏﻻﺎﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺮﮕﺷﺩﺮﮔ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺎﻫ
(Ramsar Convention Secretariat, 2008)
ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺎﺑ .
ﻢﻫﺍﺮﻓ ﺯﺎﺳ ﻱ ﺏﻻﺎﺗ ،ﺩﺪﻌﺘﻣ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ
ﮊﻮﻟﻮﮐﺍ ﻳ ﮏ
ﺳ ﺍ ﻪﻧﺎﻣﺎ ﻱ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﮑﺷ ﻭ ﺱﺎﺴﺣ ﺖﺳﺍ
. ﺍﻳ ﻦﺷﻭﺭ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻦ
ﻣ ﻲ ﺎﺳ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺮﭼ ﻪﮐ ﺩﺯ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﺧﺍ ﻴ ﺯ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺮ ﻳ
ﺩﺎ ﻱ ﻮﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻱ
ﻈﻨﺗ ﻴ ﺍﺮﺟﺍ ﻭ ﻢ ﻱ ﮋﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﺍ ﻱ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺪﻣ ﻳ ﺮ ﻳ ﺎﭘ ﺖ ﻳ ﺏﻻﺎﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺍﺪ ﺎﻫ
ﻑﻮﻄﻌﻣ ﺷ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪ
(Turner et al., 2000)
ﺗ ﺪﺷﺭ ﻭ ﻪﻌﺳﻮ
ﺮﮕﺷﺩﺮﮔ ﻱ ﻬﺑ ﻭ ﺭﺍﺪﻳﺎﭘ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻱﺎﺘﺳﺍﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺮ
ﺯﺍ ﻱﺭﻭ
ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﻫ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﺗﺎﻴﺣ ﻲﺑﻻﺎﺗ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﻭ ﺎ ﻭ
ﻲﺤﻳﺮﻔﺗ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ
ﺏﻻﺎﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳﻮﮐﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻲﺘﻇﺎﻔﺣ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ ﺩﺎﻀﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ
ﻤﻧ ﻲ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﺘﻇﺎﻔﺣ ﺕﺎﻤﻴﻤﺼﺗ ﻪﭼﺮﮔﺍ ، ﺭﺩ
ﺏﻻﺎﺗ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺎﻫ
ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺖﻳﻮﻟﻭﺍ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻱﺮﮕﺷﺩﺮﮔ ﻱﺰﻳﺭ ﺖﺳﺍ
(Bacon, 1987)
ﺎﺘﺳﺍﺭ ﺭﺩ .
ﻱ ﺘﺳﺩ ﻴ ﺑﺎ ﻲ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻪﺑ
ﺏﻻﺎﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻧﺍﺪﻨﻣﺩﺮﺧ ﺎﻫ
ﺭﻭﺮﺿ ﻱ ﻧﺯﺍﻮﺗ ﻭ ﻝﺩﺎﻌﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲ
ﺳﺭ ﻴ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺪ ﻳ
ﺏﻻﺎﺗ ﺖ ﺳﻭ ﻩﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ ﻴ
ﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻊ ﻴ ﺖ ﺎﻫ ﻱ
ﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻲ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ ﺖﻟﺎﺧﺩ ﺎﺗ ﻖﻠﻄﻣ ﺖﻇﺎﻔﺣ ﺯﺍ ﻪﮐ
،
ﻤﻀﺗ ﻴ ﻦ
(Majnounian, 2000)ﺩﻮﺷ ﻭ
ﺡﺮﻃ ﻱﺰﻳﺭ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ
،ﺏﻻﺎﺗ ﻲﺘﺴﻳﺯ ﻑﺪﻫ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻞﻴﻧ ﻩﺍﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺭﺎﻛﻭﺯﺎﺳ
ﻲﻣ ﺏﻮﺴﺤﻣ ﻮﺷ
ﺩ . ﻥﻭﺯ ﺪﻨﺑ ﻱ ﺸﺨﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻲ
ﺍ ﺍﺮﻓ ﺯ ﻳ ﺪﻨ
ﺡﺮﻃ ﺭ ﻳ ﺰ ﻱ ﺤﻣ ﻴ ﺯ ﻂ ﻳ ﺘﺴ ﻲ
، ﺮﺑﺭﺎﮐ ﻱ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺍﺪﺟ ﺍﺭ ﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳﺎﻧ
ﻣ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻴ
ﺖﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻥﺍﺰ ﻟﺎﻌﻓ
ﻴ ﺖ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻌﺗ ﺍﺭ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻴﻴ
ﻦ
ﻣ ﻲ
(Majnounian, 2000)ﺪﻨﮐ .
ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻲﻳﺎﻀﻓ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻭ ﻩﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣﺪﻨﭼ ﺐﻠﻏﺍ ﻲﻳﺎﻴﻓﺍﺮﻐﺟ ﻭ ١
ﻱﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣﺪﻨﭼ ﺖﺳﺍ
. ﺪﻨﻳﺍﺮﻓ ﻦﻴﻣﺯﺮﺳ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﺗ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ
ﻴﭘ ﻩﺪﻴﭽ ﻈﺣﻼﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺁ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻱﺍ ﺎ
ﻥﺎﻣﺰﻤﻫ ﺕ
ﺖﺴﻳﺯ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻦﻳﺪﻨﭼ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﻲﻄﻴﺤﻣ
(Karam, 2005) .
ﻲﻧﺎﮑﻣ ﻩﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﺪﻨﭼ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ
(SMCE)٢
ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺗ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ
ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺎﺑ ﻩﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﺪﻨﭼ ﻲﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﮑﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .
ﻝﺪﻣ ﻲﻳﺎﻀﻓ ﻉﻮﻧ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻩﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﺪﻨﭼ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ
ﻲﻳﺎﻴﻓﺍﺮﻐﺟ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ (GIS) ٣
ﺭﺩﺎﻗ ﺍﺭ
ﻲﻣ ﺎﺗ ﺩﺯﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ
ﺎﻫ ﻔﻣ ﻴ ﺩﻮﺷ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﺪ
(Roudgarmi et al., 2007)
ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﻭ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ .
ﺵﻭﺭ ﻦﻴﻣﺯ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﺗ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣﺪﻨﭼ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻱﺩﺪﻌﺘﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻥﺯﻭ ﻲﻄﺧ ﺐﻴﮐﺮﺗ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻪﮐ
٤ﺭﺍﺩ (WLC) ﺞﻳﺍﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻲﮑﻳ
-
ﻥﺁ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﺎﻫ ﻣ ﺏﻮﺴﺤﻣ ﻲ
(Malczewski, 1999) ﺩﻮﺷ
.
ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺵﻮﺨﺘﺳﺩ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻝﺎﺣ ﺭﺩ ﺭﻮﺧﺎﻐﭼ ﺏﻻﺎﺗ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ
ﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻲ
ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺪﺳ ﺙﺍﺪﺣﺍ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ﺯﺍ ﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ
ﻱ
ﺏﺁ ﺯﺍ ﺻ ،ﺏﻻﺎﺗ ﻴ
ﺩﺎ ﻱ ﺮﮕﺷﺩﺮﮔ ﻭ ﻱ
ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻭ
ﮔ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻴ
ﺑﻻﺎﺗ ﻥﺎﻫﺎ ﻲ
ﭘ ﺭﺩ ﻴ ﻌﻤﺟ ﻭ ﻉﻮﻨﺗ ،ﻥﺁ ﻥﻮﻣﺍﺮ ﻴ
ﺖ
ﺰﺑﺁ ﻥﺎﮔﺪﻧﺮﭘ ﻱ
ﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻳ ﻤﻫﺍ ﺏﻻﺎﺗ ﻦ ﻴ
ﺤﻣ ﺖ ﻴ ﺯ ﻂ ﻳ ﺘﺴ ﻲ ﻭ
ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺘﻇﺎﻔﺣ ﻲ ﺸﺨﺑ ﻴ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪ
Asadolahi, 2010) (
.
ﮕﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫ ﻲ ﻣ ﻴ ﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻥﺎ ﻩﺩﺎ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻳ ﺩﺎ ﺏﻮﭼﺭﺎﭼ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﻩﺪﺷ
ﺡﺮﻃ ﺭ ﻳ ﺰ ﻱ ﺪﻣ ﻳ ﺮ ﻳ ﺘ ﻲ ﻥﺎﮑﻣﺍ ﺏﻻﺎﺗ ﺬﭘ
ﻳ ﻥﻭﺯ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮ ﺪﻨﺑ
ﻱ
ﺏﻻﺎﺗ ﻳ ﮑ ﻲ ﺯﺍ ﻥﻮﻨﻓ ﺍ ﻳ ﺍﺮﻓ ﻦ ﻳ ﻣ ﺏﻮﺴﺤﻣ ﺪﻨ ﻲ
ﺩﻮﺷ . -ﻥﻭﺯ
ﺪﻨﺑ ﻱ ﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺮﺑ ﻞﻤﺘﺸﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺏﻻﺎﺗ ﻲﻳ
ﻩﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ
ﺍﺮﺑ ﺏﻻﺎﺗ ﻱ
ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻲ ﺎﭘ ﺮﺑ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻳ
ﻪ
ﺮﺑﺭﺎﮐ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ ﻱ
ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺎﭘ ﻳ ﻣ ﻥﺯﺍﻮﺘﻣ ﻭ ﺭﺍﺪ ﻲ
ﻣ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻴ ﻥﺎ
ﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻴ ﺖ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻲ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻭ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺤﻣ ﻴ ﻄ ﻲ ﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳ ﻱ ﺭﺍﺮﻗﺮﺑ
ﺩﺯﺎﺳ ﺑ ﻭ ﺏﻻﺎﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻧﺍﺪﻨﻣﺩﺮﺧ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻪ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﻳ ﮑ ﻲ ﺯﺍ
ﻢﻬﻣ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﺪﻣ
ﻳ ﺮ ﻳ ﺖ ﺩﻮﺷ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ .
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺑ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺵﻼﺗ
ﺮ
ﺍ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺯﺭ ﻳ ﺑﺎ ﻲ ﺪﻨﭼ ﻴﻌﻣ ﻧﺎﮑﻣ ﻩﺭﺎ ﻲ ﻲﻄﺧ ﺐﻴﮐﺮﺗ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺎﺑ ﻭ
ﻥﺯﻭ ﺍﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﺗ ﺭﺍﺩ ﻱﺮﮕﺷﺩﺮﮔ ﻱ
ﺪﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ .
1 Spatial analysis
2 Spatial Multi Criteria Evaluation (SMCE)
3 Geographical Information System
4 Weighted Liner Combination (WLC)
،ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻪﻠﺠﻣ ،ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﺖﺴﻳﺯ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﻪﻳﺮﺸﻧ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ
۶۵ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ، ۱ ﺭﺎﻬﺑ ، ۱۳۹۱ ﻪﺤﻔﺻ ﺯﺍ ، ۵۳ ﺎﺗ ۶۶ ٥٥
ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ
ﺎﺑ ﺭﻮﺧﺎﻐﭼ ﺏﻻﺎﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻑﺪﻫ
ﺮﮕﺷﺩﺮﮔ ﻱ ﻣ ﻲ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻄﻴﺤﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﻭ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ
ﺭﻮﺧﺎﻐﭼ ﻥﺎﺘﺴﻫﺩ ﺍﺮﺑ
ﻱ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﺮﮕﺷﺩﺮﮔ ﻱ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ
Nouri ﻭ
Norouzi (2007)
، ﻌﺗ ﻴﻴ ﻦ ﻱﺮﮕﺷﺩﺮﮔ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ
ﻁﻭﺮﺸﻣ ﻱﺭﺍﺬﮕﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻭﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺭﻮﺧﺎﻐﭼ ﺏﻻﺎﺗ ﻭ ﺮﻔﺳ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ
Ghaemi (2006)
ﻭ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ
ﺭﻮﺧﺎﻐﭼ ﺏﻻﺎﺗ ﻲﻫﺎﮕﺟﺮﻔﺗ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ
ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺮﻔﺳ ﻱﺍ
Mafi ﻂﺳﻮﺗ
Yarali ﻭ (2010)
ﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻩﺭﺎﺷﺍ .
ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ
ﻣ ﺡﺮﻃ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺮﻴﺧﺍ ﻪﻫﺩ ﺪﻨﭼ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺩﺪﻌﺘ ﺭ
ﻳ ﺰ ﻱ
ﻱﺮﮕﺷﺩﺮﮔ ﻪﻨﻬﭘ
ﻲﺑﺁ ﻭ ﻲﮑﺸﺧ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ
ﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻳ ﺑ ﻦ ﻴ ﻣ ﻦ ﻲ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﺡﺮﻃ ﻱﺰﻳﺭ ﻲﺘﺴﻳﺯ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﻩﺮﻳﺰﺟ
ﻡﺎﮕﻨﻫ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ
Sepasi (2009)
ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺮﮕﺷﺩﺮﮔ
ﺎﺑ
ﻲﻧﺎﮑﻣ ﻩﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﺪﻨﭼ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﺵﻭﺭ ﭘ،
ﻪﻨﻬ ﻱﺮﮕﺷﺩﺮﮔ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ
ﻢﺗﺎﺧ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺍﺪﻳﺎﭘ ﺩﺰﻳ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﺭﺩ
(Haddadinia, 2009)
، ﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻲﻳ ﻌﻣ ﻴ ﺷ ﻭ ﺎﻫﺭﺎ ﻨ ﺎ ﺮﮔﺎﺳ ﺎﻫ ﻱ
ﺒﻃ ﻴ ﺖﻌ ﺩﺮﮔ ﻱ ﺎﭘ ﻳ ﺣ ﻩﺎﮕﻫﺎﻨﭘ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺍﺪ ﻴ
ﻣ ﺶﺣﻭ ﺕﺎ ﻴ
ﻪﻟﺎﮑﻧﺎ
(Amirifar, 2010)
، ﺭﺍﺪﻳﺎﭘ ﻱﺮﮕﺷﺩﺮﮔ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻭ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ
ﺖﺴﻳﺯ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻦﻳﻭﺪﺗ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺭﺎﻬﺑﺎﭼ ﺞﻴﻠﺧ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻄﻴﺤﻣ
(Ardacani, 2008)
ﻭ ﻥﺎﮑﻣ ﻭ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﻲﺑﺎﻳ
ﻲﺟﺮﻔﺗ ﻱﺮﺑﺭﺎﮐ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻥﺯﺩﻭﺭﺩ ﺪﺳ ﻪﻴﺷﺎﺣ ﻲﺿﺍﺭﺍ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ
Shakeri
(2001) Laghaie ﻭ ﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻩﺭﺎﺷﺍ
Aminu .
(2007) ﻧ ﻴ ﺰ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻲﺣﺍﻮﻧ ﺮﮕﺷﺩﺮﮔ
ﻱ ﻭ
ﺮﺴﻣﺍﺭ ﺖﻳﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺖﻇﺎﻔﺣ ﺭﻮﻫﻮﺟ
ﺰﻟﺎﻣ ﺭﻮﺸﮐ ﺭﺩ ١
ﻱ ﺎﺑ
ﻱﺮﻴﮔﺭﺎﮐ ﻪﺑ
SMCE ﺵﻭﺭ ﺤﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻴ
GIS ﻂ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ
ﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ .
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻩﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣ
ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺖﻌﺳﻭ ﺎﺑ ﺭﻮﺧﺎﻐﭼ ﺏﻻﺎﺗ ١٤٠٠
ﺖﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺎﺘﻜﻫ
ﺎﻴﻓﺍﺮﻐﺟ ﻳ
″ﻲ
′ ١٧
◦ ٥٤ ٣١ ﺎﺗ ٣١″ ٥٦′
٣١◦
ﻲﻟﺎﻤﺷ ﺽﺮﻋ
″ﻭ
′٤٠
◦ ٥٢ ٥٠
″ ﺎﺗ
′١٤
◦ ٥٦ ٥٠ ﻮﻃ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻲﻗﺮﺷ ﻝ
ﺩﻭﺪﺣ ٢٢٧٠ ﺏﺁ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺮﺘﻣ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺩﺍﺯﺁ ﻱﺎﻫ
.
ﺶﺨﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺭﻮﺧﺎﻐﭼ ﺏﻻﺎﺗ ﻱﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﺕﺎﻤﻴﺴﻘﺗ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺟﺍﺪﻠﺑ
ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺑ ﻭ ﻝﺎﺤﻣ ﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻦﺟﻭﺮﺑ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﺯﺍ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ )
ﻞﮑﺷ ١ (.
ﺯﺍ ﻲﮑﻳ ﺭﻮﺧﺎﻐﭼ ﺏﻻﺎﺗ ۱۰۵
ﺏﻻﺎﺗ
1 Johor
ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻲﮑﻳ ﻭ ﻱﺰﺑﺁ ﻥﺎﮔﺪﻧﺮﭘ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺭﻮﺸﮐ ﻢﻬﻣ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻢﻬﻣ
ﻥﺎﮔﺪﻧﺮﭘ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻲﻠﻠﻤﻟﺍ (IBA)٢
ﻲﻣ ﺏﻮﺴﺤﻣ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺷ
ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﺭﺩ ۷۵
ﺎﺑ ﺏﻻﺎﺗ ﻲﻳﺎﻫﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺭﻮﺸﮐ ﺖﻴﻤﻫﺍ
ﻲﻫﺎﻣ ،ﻥﺎﮔﺪﻧﺮﭘ ﻥﻮﭼ ﻪﻔﻟﻮﻣ ،ﻩﺪﻨﻨﮐﺪﻳﺪﻬﺗ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ،ﺎﻫ
ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ
‐ ﻒﻳﺩﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺘﻇﺎﻔﺣ ﺖﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ ﻭ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ
ﺖﺸﻫ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﺭﻮﺸﮐ ﻢﻬﻣ ﺏﻻﺎﺗ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ
(Kiabi et al., 2004)
. ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ
ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﺯﺍﺮﺘﻤﻫ ﺭﻮﺧﺎﻐﭼ ﺏﻻﺎﺗ ،ﺮﺴﻣﺍﺭ ﻥﻮﻴﺴﻧﺍﻮﻨﻛ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ
O
ﻪﻨﻬﭘ ﻭﺰﺟ ﻭ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﻤﺋﺍﺩ ﻦﻳﺮﻴﺷ ﺏﺁ ﻪﺘﺳﺩ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ
Ramsar Convention Secretariat, 2007)
ﺎﻣﺩ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ .(
ﺯﺍ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ۲۱
ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺟﺭﺩ ﻡﺮﮔ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺍﺮﮔ
ﻩﺎﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ
ﻝﺎﺳ ) ﻩﺎﻣ ﺩﺍﺩﺮﻣ (
ﺎﺗ ۶ ‐ ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺟﺭﺩ ﻩﺎﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺗﺩﺮﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺍﺮﮔ
ﻝﺎﺳ ) ﻩﺎﻣ ﻱﺩ ( ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ .
ﻞﺼﻓ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﺖﺑﻮﻃﺭ ﻞﻗﺍﺪﺣ
ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺘﺴﻣﺯ ﻞﺼﻓ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺁ ﺮﺜﮐﺍﺪﺣ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺘﺴﺑﺎﺗ ﻩﺎﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻣ ﺙﺩﺎﺣ ﻦﻤﻬﺑ ﻭ ﻱﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺩﻮﺷ
. ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻲﻠﻣﺍﻮﻋ
ﻉﻮﻨﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ،ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﺟ ﻭﺩ ﺮﻴﺴﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺮﻴﮔﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻣ ،ﻱﺭﻮﻧﺎﺟ ﻭ ﻲﻫﺎﻴﮔ ،ﻲﻫﺎﮕﺘﺴﻳﺯ ﻱﻻﺎﺑ ﺏﻻﺎﺗ ﻪﺳ ﺎﺑ ﺕﺭﻭﺎﺠ
ﺎﻣﺪﻨﮔ ﻭ ﺩﺎﺑﺁ ﻲﻠﻋ ،ﻥﺎﻘﻟﻮﺳ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻦﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻭ ﻥ
ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺖﻴﻤﻫﺍ ،ﻱﺮﻴﮕﻴﻫﺎﻣ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺍﺮﻘﻳﺎﻗ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻲﺟﺮﻔﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻭ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﭼ ﻭﺩ ﻱﺮﮕﺷﺩﺮﮔ ﻅﺎﺤﻟ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺏﻻﺎﺗ
ﺏﻻﺎﺗ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﮐ ﺯﺍ ﻲﮑﻳ ﻩﺮﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺭﻮﺧﺎﻐﭼ
ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻱﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﻱﺮﮕﺷﺩﺮﮔ ﻪﮐ
ﺏﻻﺎﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺍﺮﮕﺷﺩﺮﮔ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺮﻴﮕﻤﺸﭼ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﻱﺍﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﻪﻟﺎﺳ ﺮﻫ
(Mafi & Yarali, 2010)
. ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻩﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣ
ﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻭ ﻲﺑﺁ ﻪﻨﻬﭘ ﻩﺪﻧﺮﻴﮔ
ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻦﻴﻣﺯ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﺏﻻﺎﺗ ﻞﺼﻓﻼﺑ ﻩﺎﮕﺘﻧﻮﮑﺳ ﻭ ﻱﺯﺭﻭﺎﺸﮐ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺩﻮﺑ ﺏﻻﺎﺗ ﻥﻮﻣﺍﺮﻴﭘ ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ .
ﻥﻭﺯ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﺯﺮﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ
ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺏﻻﺎﺗ ﺖﻓﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻱﺰﺑﺁ ﻥﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ
.
2 International Bird Area (IBA)
ﺡﺮﻃ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻜﺘﻣ ﻱﺮﮕﺷﺩﺮﮔ ﻱﺰﻳﺭ ...
٥٦
ﺷ ﻞﮑ ۱
‐ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻩﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣ ﻲﻳﺎﻴﻓﺍﺮﻐﺟ ﺖﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ )
ﺭﻮﺧﺎﻐﭼ ﺏﻻﺎﺗ (
ﻣ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻮ ﺎﻫ
ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻞﺣﺍﺮﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ
ﻑﺪﻫ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ،
ﻭ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ
ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﺶﻨﻳﺰﮔ ﺮﮕﺷﺩﺮﮔ
ﻱ ، ﻝﺎﺑﺮﻏ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻱﺯﺎﺳ
ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻲﻔﻟﺩ ﺵﻭﺭ
،١
ﺖﻳﻮﻟﻭﺍ ﺑ ﻥﺯﻭ ﻭ ﻱﺪﻨ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻲﻫﺩ
ﻲﺒﺗﺍﺮﻣ ﻪﻠﺴﻠﺳ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﺪﻨﻳﺍﺮﻓ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ (AHP)٢
، ﻪﺸﻘﻧ
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻱﺯﺎﺳ ﺎﻫ
ﻭ ﺖﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﻱﺎﻫﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ
ﻪﻨﻬﭘ ﻥﻭﺯ ﺶﻨﻳﺰﮔ ﻭ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺮﮕﺷﺩﺮﮔ ﻱ ﺩﻮﺑ .
ﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻲﻳ ﺰﮔ ﻭ ﻳ ﻌﻣ ﺶﻨ ﻴ ﺎﻫﺭﺎ ﻱ ﺮﮕﺷﺩﺮﮔ ﻱ
ﻌﻣ ﻴ ﺎﻫﺭﺎ ﻱ ﺰﮔ ﻳ ﻪﻨﻬﭘ ﺶﻨ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﺮﮕﺷﺩﺮﮔ ﻱ ﺳﻮﮐﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻴ ﻢﺘﺴ ﺎﻫ ﻱ
ﺒﻃ ﻴ ﻌ ﻲ ﮑﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻴ ﺗﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺮﺑ ﻪ ﻲ
ﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﻲﻳ
ﺰﮔ ﻭ ﻳ ﺍ ﺶﻨ ﻳ ﻦ
ﻌﻣ ﻴ ﺎﻫﺭﺎ ﻱ ﺩﻮﺑ ﻑﻮﻄﻌﻣ
(Sepasi, 2009; Haddadinia,
2009)
ﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ،
ﻲﻳ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ .
ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻲ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻕﻮﻓ
ﻌﻣ ﻴ ﺎﻫﺭﺎ
Brown ﻱ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﮑﻤﻫ ﻭ (2001)
ﻌﻣ ، ﻴ ﺎﻫﺭﺎ ﻱ ﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﻲ
ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻩﺪﺷ
Nouri
ﻥﺍﺭﺎﮑﻤﻫ ﻭ (2007)
ﻌﻣ ، ﻴ ﺎﻫﺭﺎ ﻱ
Kitsiou
ﻥﺍﺭﺎﮑﻤﻫ ﻭ (2002)
، ﻌﻣ ﻴ ﺭﺎ ﺎﻫ
Bhattacharyaﻱ ﻭ
Kumari
(2004) ، ﻌﻣ ﻴ ﺎﻫﺭﺎ ﻱ ﺯﺭﺍ ﻳ ﺑﺎ ﻲ ﮊﻮﻟﻮﮐﺍ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻳ
ﺍﺮﺑ ﮏ ﻱ
ﺰﮔ ﻳ ﻪﺻﺮﻋ ﺶﻨ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﻩﺩﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﻭ ﺰﮐﺮﻤﺘﻣ ﺝﺮﻔﺗ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ
(Makhdoum, 2002)
ﻌﻣ ،
ﻴ ﺎﻫﺭﺎ
Fletcherﻱ
(2001)
ﺍﺮﺑ ﻱ
ﺰﮔ ﻳ ﻥﺎﮑﻣ ﺶﻨ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﺮﮕﺷﺩﺮﮔ ﻱ ﻌﻣ ،
ﻴ ﺎﻫﺭﺎ
Ardacani ﻱ
(2008)
ﺍﺮﺑ ﻱ ﻌﺗ ﻴﻴ ﻪﮑﻟ ﻦ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺮﮕﺷﺩﺮﮔ ﻱ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺭﺩ
ﻠﺣﺎﺳ ﻲ ﺍ ﻳ ﻥﺍﺮ ﻌﻣ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍﺮﺳ ﻭ ﻴ
ﺎﻫﺭﺎ ﻱ ﭘ ﮎﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﻴ
ﺩﺎﻬﻨﺸ ﻱ
ﺧﺮﺑ ﻲ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻧﺎﻬﺟ ﻲ ﺤﻣ ﺖﻇﺎﻔﺣ ﺎﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﻴ
ﺯ ﻂ ﻳ ﺖﺴ
1 Delphi method
2 Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)
ﺮﮕﺷﺩﺮﮔ ﻭ
(WTO/UNEP/IUCN, 1992) ﻱ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ
ﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻲﻳ ﺯﺭﺍ ، ﻳ ﺑﺎ ﻲ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻭ .
ﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻳ ﻦ
ﺗﺮﺗ ﻴ ﺐ ١٢ ﻌﻣ ﻴ ﻠﺻﺍ ﺭﺎ ﻲ ﻌﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻴ
ﺎﻫﺭﺎ ﻱ ﻤﻫﺍ ﻴ ﺖ
ﻫﺎﮕﺟﺮﻔﺗ ﻲ ﺳﺎﺴﺣ ، ﻴ
ﺤﻣ ﺖ ﻴ ﺣ ،ﻂ ﻴ ﺕﺎ ،ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺶﺣﻭ
ﺳ ﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻱ ﻓ ﻴ ﺰ ﻳ ﮑ ﻲ ﻣﺯﺮﺳ ﻴ ﺳ ،ﻦ ﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻱ ﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻲ ﺭﺎﺗ ﻳ ﺨ ﻲ ﻠﻗﺍ ، ﻴ ﻢ
ﺪﻣ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ،ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻳ
ﺮ ﻳ ﺘ ﻲ ﻭ ، ﻳ ﮔﮋ ﻲ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻲ ،ﺏﺁ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ،
ﮔ ﺶﺷﻮﭘ ﻴ
ﻫﺎ ﻲ ﻪﺒﻨﺟ ، ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻱ ﻭ ، ﻳ ﮔﮋ ﻲ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻭ ﮎﺎﺧ
٤١ ﺯ ﻳ ﻌﻣﺮ ﻴ ﺍﺮﺑ ﺭﺎ ﻱ ﺰﮔ ﻳ ﻪﻨﻬﭘ ﺶﻨ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﺮﮕﺷﺩﺮﮔ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻱ
ﮑﺘﻣ ﻲ ﺒﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻴ ﭘ ﺖﻌ ﻴ ﺩﺎﻬﻨﺸ ﺷ ﺪ . ﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻳ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦ -
ﮔ ﻴ ﺮ ﻱ ﻌﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻴ ﺎﻫﺭﺎ ﻱ ﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻲﻳ ﺍﺮﻓ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻳ
ﻝﺎﺑﺮﻏ ﺪﻨ ﺯﺎﺳ ﻱ
ﻮﻟﻭﺍ ﻭ ﻳ ﺖ ﺪﻨﺑ ﻱ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ .
ﻝﺎﺑﺮﻏ ﺯﺎﺳ ﻱ ﻌﻣ ﻴ ﺎﻫﺭﺎ
ﺍﺮﺑ ﻱ ﻌﺗ ﻴﻴ ﻤﻫﺍ ﻦ ﻴ ﻌﻣ ﺖ ﻴ ﺯ ﻭ ﺎﻫﺭﺎ ﻳ ﻌﻣﺮ ﻴ ﺎﻫﺭﺎ ﻱ ﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻲﻳ ﻩﺪﺷ
ﺰﮔ ﻑﺪﻫ ﺎﺑ ﻳ
ﻪﻨﻬﭘ ﺶﻨ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﺮﮕﺷﺩﺮﮔ ﻱ ﺭﻮﺧﺎﻐﭼ ﺏﻻﺎﺗ ﺭﺩ
ﻃ ﻲ ﺯ ﻞﺣﺍﺮﻣ ﻳ
ﻔﻟﺩ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﺮ ﻲ
ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ .
ﺵﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻑﺪﻫ
ﻔﻟﺩ ﻲ ﺕﻭﺎﻀﻗ ﻥﺩﺭﻭﺁ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻬﺴﺗ ﺭﻮﻈ
ﻴ ﻞ
،ﻪﻟﺎﺴﻣ ﻞﺣ ﺭﺩ ﺡﺮﻃ
ﺭ ﻳ ﺰ ﻱ ﻤﺼﺗ ﻭ ﻴ ﻢ ﮔ ﻴ ﺮ ﻱ ﺖﺳﺍ
(Dunham, 1998)
.
ﻬﺗ ﻴ ﻔﻟﺩ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻪ ﻲ
ﻌﻣ ﻴ ﺎﻫﺭﺎ ﻱ ﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻲﻳ ﺐﻟﺎﻗ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻔﻟﺩ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ
ﻲ ﺭﺩ
ﺘﺧﺍ ﻴ ﺭﺎ ﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﺺﺼﺨﺘﻣ ﻥﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷﺭﺎﮐ ﻴ
ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺏﻻﺎﺗ ﻪﻨ .
ﺶﺳﺮﭘ ﺯﺍ ﻤﻫﺍ ﻪﺟﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﮔﺪﻧﻮﺷ
ﻴ ﻌﻣ ﺖ ﻴ ﺯ ﻭ ﺎﻫﺭﺎ ﻳ ﻌﻣﺮ ﻴ ﺎﻫﺭﺎ ﻱ
ﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻲﻳ ﻭ ﺪﺷ ﺖﺳﺍﻮﺧﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺶﺳﺮﭘ ﺮﻫ
ﻩﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﻳ ﮑ ﻲ ﺯﺍ
،ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻪﻠﺠﻣ ،ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﺖﺴﻳﺯ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﻪﻳﺮﺸﻧ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ
۶۵ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ، ۱ ﺭﺎﻬﺑ ، ۱۳۹۱ ﻪﺤﻔﺻ ﺯﺍ ، ۵۳ ﺎﺗ ۶۶ ٥٧
٥ ﻤﻫﺍ ﻪﺟﺭﺩ ﻴ
ﺖ )ﺑ ﻲ ﻤﻫﺍ ﻴ ﻢﮐ ،ﺖ ﻤﻫﺍ ﻴ ﻤﻫﺍ ﺎﺑ ،ﺖ ﻴ
،ﺖ
ﻤﻫﺍ ﻴ ﺯ ﺖ ﻳ ﻤﻫﺍ ﻭ ﺩﺎ ﻴ ﺧ ﺖ ﻴ ﻠ ﻲ ﺯ ﻳ ﺩﺎ ( ﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻪﮐ ﺍﺭ ﻱ
ﺕﺎﺟﺭﺩ
ﻧﺯﻭ ﻲ ) ١ ، ٣ ، ٥ ، ٧ ﻭ ٩ ( ﺰﮔﺮﺑ ﺩﻮﺑ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﻳ
ﺪ .
ﺎﻫﺭﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﻱ
ﻤﻫﺍ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻴ
ﻤﻫﺍ ﻪﺟﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺖ ﻴ
ﻌﻣ ﺖ ﻴ ﺭﺎ
ﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻳ ﺭ ﻂﺑﺍﻭﺭ ﮏﻤﮐ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻦ ﻳ
ﺿﺎ ﻲ ﻤﻫﺍ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻴ
ﻌﻣ ﺖ ﻴ ﺭﺎ
ﺩ ﻭ ﻤﻫﺍ ﻪﺟﺭ ﻴ ﺖ ﻌﻣ ﻴ ﺭﺎ ﻌﺗ ﻴﻴ ﺪﺷ ﻦ . ﺭ ﻂﺑﺍﻭﺭ ﻳ ﺿﺎ ﻲ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ
ﻤﻫﺍ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻴ
ﻤﻫﺍ ﻪﺟﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺖ ﻴ
ﺖ
ﻌﻣ ﻴ ﺭﺎ ﺯ ﻭ ﺎﻫ ﻳ ﻌﻣ ﺮ ﻴ ﺡﺮﺷ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫﺭﺎ ﻂﺑﺍﻭﺭ
۱ ﺖﺳﺍ
Danehkar )
& Haddadinia, 2010
(
:
ﻂﺑﺍﻭﺭ ۱ :
ﻟﻭﺍ ﻥﺯﻭ ﻴ ﻪ
i= x
ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻱ
ﻤﻫﺍ ﻪﺟﺭﺩ ﺮﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﻴ
ﺍﺭ ﺖ ﻱ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺪﻧﺍ ) ﺘﻣﺍ ﻴ ﺯﺎ n= (
∑
10xi= ﺮﺿ ﻳ ﺪﻌﺗ ﻥﺯﻭ ﺐ ﻳ
ﻩﺪﺷ ﻞ
i i
x × x
∑
10i) = (y ﺪﻌﺗ ﻥﺯﻭ ﻳ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻞ
n yi× (zi) = ﺘﻣﺍ ﻴ ﻥﺯﻭ ﺯﺎ ﺭﺍﺩ
ﺘﻣﺍ ﺮﺜﮐﺍﺪﺣ ﻴ
ﺐﺴﮐ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺯﺎ A:
140 ×100
∑ zi
=
A zi
=∑
ﻤﻫﺍ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻴ ﻌﻣ ﺖ ﻴ ﺭﺎ
ﺶﺳﺮﭘ ﻞﮐ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻥﺎﮔﺪﻧﻮﺷ
N:
N n xi
∑
( × )= ﻤﻫﺍ ﻪﺟﺭﺩ ﻴ ﻌﻣ ﺖ ﻴ ﺭﺎ
ﺳﺮﺗ ﻴ ﻤﻫﺍ ﺭﺍﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻢ ﻴ
ﻌﻣ ﺖ ﻴ ﺭﺎ
ﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻳ ﺭﺍﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻦ ﻱ
ﻤﻫﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻡﻮﺳﻮﻣ ﻴ
ﻌﻣ ﺖ ﻴ ﺳﺮﺗ ﺭﺎ ﻴ ﻢ
ﺪﺷ . ﻘﻓﺍ ﺭﻮﺤﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻲ
ﻤﻫﺍ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻥﺁ ﻴ
ﺖ ﻌﻣ ﻴ ﺭﺎ ﻭ ﺭﺩ ﺭﻮﺤﻣ
ﺩﻮﻤﻋ ﻱ ﻤﻫﺍ ﻪﺟﺭﺩ ﻥﺁ ﻴ
ﺖ ﻌﻣ ﻴ ﺭﺎ ﺎﻤﻧ ﻳ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺶ ﻣ ﻲ ﺷ ﻮ ﺩ . ﺍﻳ ﻦ
ﺩﺪﻋ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﻒﺼﻧ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺭﺍﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻱ
ﺩﻮﻤﻋ ﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﺮﻫ ﻱ
ﻭ
ﻘﻓﺍ ﻲ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﮑﻔﺗ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻴ
ﮏ ﻣ ﻲ ﺷ ﻮ ﺍﺮﺑ ﻭ ﺩ ﻱ ﺰﮔ ﻳ ﺶﻨ
ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﻳ ﻌﻣ ﻦ ﻴ ﻌﻣ ﺯﺍ ،ﺎﻫﺭﺎ ﻴ
ﺎﻫﺭﺎ ﻲﻳ ﺑ ﻞﻗﺍﺪﺣ ﻪﮐ ﻴ
ﻒﺼﻧ ﺶ
ﺩﺪﻋ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﻱ
ﺪﻨﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﺮﻫ
، ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻣ ﻲ ﺷ ﻮ .ﺩ
ﻮﻟﻭﺍ ﺵﻭﺭ
ﻳ ﺖ ﺪﻨﺑ ﻱ ﻥﺯﻭ ﻭ ﻫﺩ ﻲ ﻌﻣ ﻴ ﺎﻫﺭﺎ
ﻌﻣ ﻴ ﻫﺭﺎ ﺎ ﻱ ﺰﮔ ﻳ ﻔﻟﺩ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺶﻨ ﻲ
ﻭﺭ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺵ
ﻠﺤﺗ ﻴ ﺒﺗﺍﺮﻣ ﻪﻠﺴﻠﺳ ﻞ ﻲ
ﻭ ﻡﺮﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺭﺍﺰﻓﺍ
1EC
ﻮﻟﻭﺍ ﻳ ﺖ
ﺪﻨﺑ ﻱ ﻥﺯﻭ ﻭ ﻫﺩ ﻲ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ . ﻠﺤﺗ ﻴ ﺒﺗﺍﺮﻣ ﻪﻠﺴﻠﺳ ﻞ ﻲ
ﺵﻭﺭ ﮏﻳ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻴﭽﻴﭘ ﺕﺎﻤﻴﻤﺼﺗ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺿﺎﻳﺭ .(Herath, 2004)
ﺍ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺭﺎﮐ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻞﺣﺍﺮﻣ ﻳ
ﺵﻭﺭ ﻦ
ﺯﺍ ﺪﻨﺗﺭﺎﺒﻋ :
ﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻦﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺒﺗﺍﺮﻣ ﻪﻠﺴﻠﺳ ﺭ
ﻲ
ﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ ﻲﻳ ﺮﺗ ﻳ ﺒﺗﺍﺮﻣ ﻪﻠﺴﻠﺳ ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻦ ﻲ
، ﻤﺼﺗ ﻑﺪﻫ ﻴ
-ﻢ
ﮔ ﻴ ﺮ ﻱ ﺖﺳﺍ . ﺪﻌﺑ ﺡﻮﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻱ
ﻌﻣ ، ﻴ ﺎﻫﺭﺎ ﻱ ﻤﺼﺗ ﺮﺑ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ ﻴ
-ﻢ
ﮔ ﻴ ﺮ ﻱ ﺯ ﻭ ﻳ ﻌﻣﺮ ﻴ ﺎﻫﺭﺎ ﻱ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺕﺎﺟﺭﺩ ﺎﺑ .
ﺎﻘﻣ ﻳ ﻪﺴ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺟﻭﺯ
٢ﻲ
ﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻳ ﺮﺗﺎﻣ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻦ ﻳ
ﺲ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺎﻘﻣ ﻳ ﺟﻭﺯ ﻪﺴ ﻲ ﮑﺸﺗ ﻴ ﻞ ﻭ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ
ﻳ ﺯﺍ ﮏ ﺮﺗﺎﻣ ﻳ ﺲ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻳ
ﮏ ﻘﻣ ﻴ ﺯﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺹﺎﺧ ﺱﺎ
ﺟﺮﺗ ﻴ ﺕﺎﻬ ﻳ ﺑ ﺎﺗ ﻥﺎﺴﮑ ﻴ
ﺎﻬﻨ ﻳ ﺣﺍﺮﻃ ﺢﺟﺮﻣ ﺖ ﻲ
،ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ
ﺎﻘﻣ ﻳ ﻪﺴ ﻤﻫﺍ ﻭ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﺎﻫ ﻴ
ﺖ ) ﻥﺯﻭ ( ﻌﻣ ﻴ ﻭ ﺎﻫﺭﺎ
ﺯ ﻳ ﻌﻣﺮ ﻴ ﻌﺗ ﺎﻫﺭﺎ ﻴﻴ ﻣ ﻦ ﻲ ﺩﻮﺷ . ﻌﻣ ﺮﻫ ﻥﺯﻭ ﻴ
ﻩﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺭﺎ
ﻤﻫﺍ ﻴ ﻌﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻥﺁ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﻭ ﺖ ﻴ
ﺎﻫﺭﺎ ﻱ ﺩ ﻳ ﻠﻤﻋ ﺭﺩ ﺮﮕ ﻴ
ﺕﺎ
ﻌﺗ ﻴﻴ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺎﮑﻣ ﻦ .
ﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻳ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦ ﺎﻘﻣ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ
ﻳ -ﻪﺴ
ﻫ ﺎ ﻱ ﺟﻭﺯ ﻲ ﺳﺎﻨﺷﺭﺎﮐ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻲ
ﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩ
ﺍﻳ ﺗﺮﺗ ﻦ ﻴ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﺐ ﺎﻫ
ﻲﻳ ﺘﺧﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻴ ﺎﻨﺷﺁ ﻥﺎﺼﺼﺨﺘﻣ ﺭﺎ
ﻭ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ
.
ﻝﺎﻣﺮﻧ ﺯﺎﺳ ﻱ ﻌﺗ ﻭ ﻴﻴ ﻮﻟﻭﺍ ﻦ ﻳ ﺖ ﺎﻫ
ﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻳ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻦ ﺭﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻡﺮﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ
ﻭ ﺪﺷ ﺩﺭﺍﻭ EC ﺎﺑ
ﻣ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻴ
ﮕﻧﺎ ﻴ ﺳﺪﻨﻫ ﻦ ﻲ ﺮﺿ ، ﻳ ﻤﻫﺍ ﺐ ﻴ ﻌﻣ ﺖ ﻴ ﺎﻫﺭﺎ
ﻌﺗ ﻴﻴ ﻦ ﺷ ﺪ . ﺭﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻡﺮﻧ ﺮﺿ EC
ﻳ ﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳﺎﻧ ﺐ ﻱ
ﻧ ﺍﺭ ﻴ ﺍﺮﺑ ﺰ ﻱ
ﻌﻣ ﻴ ﺯ ﻭ ﺎﻫﺭﺎ ﻳ
ﻌﻣﺮ ﻴ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺎﻫﺭﺎ ﺩﻮﻤﻧ
. ﻥﺯﻭ ﺎﻫ ﻲﻳ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ
ﺬﭘ ﻳ ﻣ ﺵﺮ ﻲ ﺮﺿ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻳ
ﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳﺎﻧ ﺐ ﻱ
ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﺎﻫ ۱
/ ۰
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﺍﺮﺿ ﻥﺪﺷ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻳ
ﻤﻫﺍ ﺐ ﻴ ﻌﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺖ ﻴ
ﺎﻫﺭﺎ ﻱ
ﻠﺻﺍ ﻲ ﺯ ﻭ ﻳ ﻌﻣﺮ ﻴ ﻮﻟﻭﺍ ﻭ ﺎﻫﺭﺎ ﻳ
ﺪﻨﺑ ﺖ ﻱ ﻥﺁ ﺎﻬﻧ ﺭﺩ ،ﺎﻫ ﻳ
ﺪﻣ ﺖ ﻝ
1 Expert Choice
2 Paired comparison
ﺡﺮﻃ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻜﺘﻣ ﻱﺮﮕﺷﺩﺮﮔ ﻱﺰﻳﺭ ...
٥٨
ﻄﺧ ﻲ ﻌﺗ ﻑﺪﻫ ﺎﺑ ﺖﻇﺎﻔﺣ ﻴﻴ
ﻪﻨﻬﭘ ﻦ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺘﻇﺎﻔﺣ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻲ
ﻪﺑ ﻣ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻲ ﺁﻳ ﺪ .
ﺪﻨﺑ ﻥﻭﺯ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻱ
ﺏﻻﺎﺗ
ﻮﻟﻭﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻳ ﺖ ﺪﻨﺑ ﻱ ﻌﻣ ﻴ ﺍﺮﺿ ﻥﺪﺷ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﻭ ﺎﻫﺭﺎ ﻳ
ﻥﺁ ﺐ ،ﺎﻫ
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﮔ
ﻴ ﺮ ﻱ ﺍﺮﺑ ﻱ ﺮﻫ ﻳ ﻌﻣ ﺯﺍ ﮏ ﻴ
ﺎﻫﺭﺎ
ﻌﺗ ﻴﻴ ﺪﺷ ﻦ . ﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ
ﻠﺤﺗ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻴ
ﻞ
ﻪﺸﻘﻧ ،ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﮏﻤﮐ ﻪﺑ
ﺎﺗ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﻊﺑ ﺤﻣ ﺭﺩ
ﻴ ﻂ
ArcGIS 9.3 ﻪﺸﻘﻧ ﻪﺑ
ﺎﻫ ﻲﻳ ﺪﺒﺗ ﻳ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻞ
ﮓﻧﺭ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ
ﻣ ﻲ ﺩﺍﺩ . ﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻳ ﺗﺮﺗ ﻦ ﻴ ﺐ ﺯﺍ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﺎﺑ ،ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺮﻫ
ﺎﺷ ﻳ ﮕﺘﺴ ﻲ ﺍﺮﺑ ﻱ ﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻑﺪﻫ ﻲ
ﻳ ﺖﻓﺎ .
ﺨﺸﺗ ﻴ ﺺ ﻪﻨﻬﭘ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺮﮕﺷﺩﺮﮔ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻱ
ﺎﺑ ﺭﻮﺧﺎﻐﭼ ﺏﻻﺎﺗ ﺭﺩ
ﻌﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻴ
ﺎﻫﺭﺎ ﻱ ﻮﻟﻭﺍ ،ﺐﺨﺘﻨﻣ ﻳ
ﺖ ﺪﻨﺑ ﻱ ﻥﺯﻭ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷﺭﺍﺩ
ﺪﺒﺗ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﻳ
ﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻪﺸﻘﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻞ ﻳ
ﮐﺮﺗ ﻖ ﻴ ﻻ ﺐ ﻳ ﻪ ﺎﻫ ﻱ
ﻪﺸﻘﻧ ﺍ ﻱ ﺎﺑ
WLC ﺵﻭﺭ ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ .
ﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻳ ﻩﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻦ
ﻤﺼﺗ ﻴ ﻢ ﮔ ﻴ ﺮ ﻱ ﺗﺎﻧﺮﺘﻟﺁ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ ، ﻴ
Ai ﻮ ﺳﻭ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻴ ﻪﻠ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ٢
ﻣ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﻲ
(Malczewski, 1999; Karam, 2005)ﺪﻨﮐ :
ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ۲ : Ai = Σjwj xij
ﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻳ ؛ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻦ wj
؛ﻩﺪﺷ ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﻥﺯﻭ xij
: ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ ﻦﻴﻣﺍi
ﺗﺎﻧﺮﺘﻟﺁ ﻴ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻮ ﻣﺍ j
ﻴ ﺼﺧ ﻦ ﻴ ﻭ ﻪﺼ Ai
: ﺗﺎﻧﺮﺘﻟﺁ ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ ﻴ
ﻮ
ﺖﺳﺍ . ﻝﺪﻣ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺮﮕﺷﺩﺮﮔ
ﻱ ﺮﻌﺗ ﻳ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻒ ﻳ ﺍﺮﺑ ﺭﺎﺒﮑ ﻱ
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺩ ﺭﺎﺑ ﻭ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺮﺛﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻳ
ﺍﺮﺑ ﺮﮕ ﻱ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺎﻫ ﻱ
ﻔﻨﻣ ﻲ ﻪﺸﻘﻧ ﺯﺎﺳ ﻱ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ .
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻪﺸﻘﻧ ﻪﻣﺍﺩﺍ ﺭﺩ -
ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺯﺍ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﻔﻨﻣ ﻲ ﺎﻬﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺪﺷ ﺮﺴﮐ ﻳ
ﺖ
ﻪﺸﻘﻧ ﺍ ﻱ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﮐ ﻪﻨﻬﭘ ﻩﺪﻨﻫﺩ
ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺮﮕﺷﺩﺮﮔ ﻱ ﺏﻻﺎﺗ ﺭﺩ
ﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺩﻮﺑ ﺭﻮﺧﺎﻐﭼ .
ﺵﻭﺭ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺮﻳﺯ ﻭ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻔﻟﺩ
ﻱﺮﮕﺷﺩﺮﮔ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ
۱۲ ﺡﺮﻃ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻱﺮﮕﺷﺩﺮﮔ ﻱﺰﻳﺭ
ﻲﮔﮋﻳﻭ ،ﻢﻴﻠﻗﺍ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﺭﻮﺧﺎﻐﭼ ﺏﻻﺎﺗ ﻲﮑﻳﺰﻴﻓ ﻱﺎﻫ
،ﻦﻴﻣﺯﺮﺳ
ﺕﺎﻴﺣ ﻪﺒﻨﺟ ،ﺶﺣﻭ ،ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﺖﻴﺳﺎﺴﺣ ،ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﮔﮋﻳﻭ ،ﻲﻫﺎﮕﺟﺮﻔﺗ ﺖﻴﻤﻫﺍ ،ﻲﺘﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ،ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻱﺎﻤﻴﺳ ﻭ ﻲﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﺶﺷﻮﭘ ،ﮎﺎﺧ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﮔﮋﻳﻭ ،ﺏﺁ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ‐ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻲﺨﻳﺭﺎﺗ .
ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ
ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺩ ﺯﺍ
ﺭ ﻤﻫﺍ ﺪﺻ ﻴ ﺖ ﺖﻴﻤﻫﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ،
ﻳﺰﮔ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻫﺎﮕﺟﺮﻔﺗ ﺶﻨ
ﻪﻨﻬﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺏﻻﺎﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺮﮕﺷﺩﺮﮔ
ﺭﻮﺧﺎﻐﭼ ﺑ ﻴ ﺮﺘﺸ ﻳ ﻤﻫﺍ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻦ ﻴ
ﺩﺍﺩ ﺹﺎﺼﺘﺧﺍ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺖ .
ﺭﺍﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ ﺖﻴﻤﻫﺍ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ
ﻌﻣ ﻴ ﺭﺎ ﺖﻴﻤﻫﺍ ﻪﺟﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻌﻣ
ﻴ ﺭﺎ
ﻠﺻﺍ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻲ
ﻪﻨﻬﭘ ﺶﻨﻳﺰﮔ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺮﮕﺷﺩﺮﮔ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺭﻮﺧﺎﻐﭼ ﺏﻻﺎﺗ )
ﻞﮑﺷ ۲ (
، ﻲﮔﮋﻳﻭ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﺯﺍ ﮎﺎﺧ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺵﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﻴﻟﻭﺍ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﻪﻨﻬﭘ ﺶﻨﻳﺰﮔ
-
ﺭﺍﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﺭﻮﺧﺎﻐﭼ ﺏﻻﺎﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻱﺮﮕﺷﺩﺮﮔ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺩﻮﺒﻧ
. ﻪﺘﺒﻟﺍ
ﻪﺑ ﻲﺘﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ﺩﺎﻳ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻡﺪﻋ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻬﻨﺗ
ﺩﻮﺑ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺨﻧ ﻩﺪﺷ .
ﺭﺍﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﻥﺪﺷ ﺭﺎﮑﺷﺁ ﺎﺑ ﻪﮑﻠﺑ
ﻲﻣ ﻥﺁ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣﺮﻳﺯ ﺖﻴﻤﻫﺍ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻲﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﺕﻭﺎﻀﻗ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ
ﺖﻓﺎﻳ ﺖﺳﺩ .
ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣﺮﻳﺯ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻴﻤﻫﺍ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﺭﺍﺩﻮﻤﻧ
ﻪﻨﻬﭘ ﺶﻨﻳﺰﮔ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺭﻮﺧﺎﻐﭼ ﺏﻻﺎﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺮﮕﺷﺩﺮﮔ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺶﺣﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﺣ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺖﻴﺳﺎﺴﺣ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣﺮﻳﺯ ﻪﮐ ﻥﻼﮐ ﻊﻓﺎﻨﻣ ،ﻥﺍﺭﻮﻧﺎﺟ ﻲﮔﺪﻨﮐﺍﺮﭘ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣﺮﻳﺯ ﻭ ﻦﻳﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﻲﮔﮋﻳﻭ ﻭ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﮎﺎﺧ ﻲﻳﺎﻴﻤﻴﺷ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺪﻧﺩﺍﺩ ﺹﺎﺼﺘﺧﺍ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺖﻴﻤﻫﺍ )
ﻞﮑﺷ ٣ .(
ﻦﻴﺑ ﺯﺍ
ﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣﺮﻳﺯ ،ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﺖﺑﻮﻃﺭ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣﺮﻳﺯ ،ﻲﺳﺭ
ﻭ ﻊﺒﻨﻣ ﻉﻮﻧ ،ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻥﻼﮐ ﻊﻓﺎﻨﻣ ،ﻥﺍﺭﻮﻧﺎﺟ ﻲﮔﺪﻨﮐﺍﺮﭘ ﻲﮔﮋﻳﻭ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻝﻮﺒﻗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻩﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣ ﺭﺩ ﮎﺎﺧ ﻲﻳﺎﻴﻤﻴﺷ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻪﻨﻬﭘ ﺶﻨﻳﺰﮔ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣﺮﻳﺯ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺵﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﻤﻧ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺭﻮﺧﺎﻐﭼ ﺏﻻﺎﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻱﺮﮕﺷﺩﺮﮔ ﺪﻧﺮﻴﮔ
) ﻞﮑﺷ ٤ .(
ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻪﻳﺎﭘ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻡﺪﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﮑﻣﺍ ﻡﺪﻋ ﻦﻴ
ﻪﺸﻘﻧ ﺡﺮﻃ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺯﺎﺳ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣﺮﻳﺯ ﻪﻤﻫ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻱﺰﻳﺭ
ﺖﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺐﺨﺘﻨﻣ ۲۲
ﺡﺮﻃ ﺪﻨﻳﺍﺮﻓ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣﺮﻳﺯ ﻱﺰﻳﺭ
ﺪﺷ ﺩﺭﺍﻭ ﺭﻮﺧﺎﻐﭼ ﺏﻻﺎﺗ ﻱﺮﮕﺷﺩﺮﮔ )
ﻞﮑﺷ ۵ .(
ﺵﻭﺭ ﻱﺍﺮﺟﺍ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻠﺤﺗ
ﻴ ﺒﺗﺍﺮﻣ ﻪﻠﺴﻠﺳ ﻞ ﻲ
ﺭﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻡﺮﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺬﺧﺍ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ ﻱﺎﻤﻴﺳ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ،EC
ﺐﻳﺮﺿ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ،ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻦﻴﻣﺯﺮﺳ ﻲﮑﻳﺰﻴﻓ ﻝﺩﺎﻌﻣ ﻲﻧﺯﻭ ۱۸۳
/ ۰ ﺩﺍﺩ ﺹﺎﺼﺘﺧﺍ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ .
ﺎﻫﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ
ﺕﺎﻴﺣ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ،ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﺖﻴﺳﺎﺴﺣ ،ﺶﺣﻭ
،ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻪﻠﺠﻣ ،ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﺖﺴﻳﺯ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﻪﻳﺮﺸﻧ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ
۶۵ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ، ۱ ﺭﺎﻬﺑ ، ۱۳۹۱ ﻪﺤﻔﺻ ﺯﺍ ، ۵۳ ﺎﺗ ۶۶ ٥٩
ﻪﺒﻨﺟ ،ﻲﻫﺎﮕﺟﺮﻔﺗ ﺖﻴﻤﻫﺍ ،ﻲﺘﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ،ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﮔﮋﻳﻭ ﻲﮔﮋﻳﻭ ﻭ ﺏﺁ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ،ﻲﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﺶﺷﻮﭘ ،ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﮎﺎﺧ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﻧﺯﻭ ﺐﻳﺍﺮﺿ ﺎﺑ
۱۷۶ / ۰ ، ۱۴۸ / ۰ ، ۱۲۳ / ۰ ،
۱۱۰ / ۰ ، ۱۰۰ / ۰ ، ۰۴۷ / ۰ ، ۰۴۷ / ۰ ، ۰۴۳ / ۰ ﻭ ۰۲۴ / ۰ ﺭﺩ
ﺖﻳﻮﻟﻭﺍ ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻱﺪﻌﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ )
ﻞﮑﺷ ۶ .(
ﺖﻳﻮﻟﻭﺍ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻭ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣﺮﻳﺯ ﻭ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ
ﻥﺁ ﺖﻴﻤﻫﺍ ﺐﻳﺍﺮﺿ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ ﻲﻄﺧ ﻝﺪﻣ ﺖﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﺭﺩ ،ﺎﻫ
ﻪﻨﻬﭘ ﺶﻨﻳﺰﮔ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺡﺮﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺮﮕﺷﺩﺮﮔ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ۳ -ﻲﻣ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ :
ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ۳ :
Ei=(0/183lc)+(0/176W)+(0/148ES)+(0/123MF)+
(0/110RI)+(0100EA)+(0/047PC)+(0/47SC)+(0/43 WR)+ (0/24 Sch)
ﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻳ ؛ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻦ :lc
ﻲﮔﮋﻳﻭ
،ﻦﻴﻣﺯﺮﺳ ﻲﮑﻳﺰﻴﻓ ﻱﺎﻫ :w
-ﺕﺎﻴﺣ
،ﺶﺣﻭ
،ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﺖﻴﺳﺎﺴﺣ :ES
،ﻲﺘﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ :MF :RI
،ﻲﻫﺎﮕﺟﺮﻔﺗ ﺖﻴﻤﻫﺍ ﻪﺒﻨﺟ :EA
،ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺶﺷﻮﭘ :PC
،ﻲﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﻲﮔﮋﻳﻭ :SC
،ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ،ﺏﺁ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ :WR
:Sch
ﻲﮔﮋﻳﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﮎﺎﺧ ﻱﺎﻫ .
ﻭ ﺪﻳﺪﻬﺗ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣﺮﻳﺯ ﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﻩﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺖﻴﺳﺎﺴﺣ
ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺭﻮﺧﺎﻐﭼ ﺏﻻﺎﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺮﮕﺷﺩﺮﮔ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻨﻬﭘ ﺶﻨﻳﺰﮔ ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ .
ﻪﻨﻬﭘ ﺶﻨﻳﺰﮔ ﻩﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩﺯﺎﺑ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﻲﺿﺎﻳﺭ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻱﺮﮕﺷﺩﺮﮔ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﺭﺩ
ﻪﺑ ﺭﻮﺧﺎﻐﭼ ﺏﻻﺎﺗ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﺡﺮﺷ
۴
ﺖﺳﺍ .
ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ۴ :
+ (0/250MF) E-i =(0/750 W)
ﻪﻨﻬﭘ ﻪﺸﻘﻧ ﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﺖﻟﺎﺧﺩ ﻥﻭﺪﺑ ﻱﺮﮕﺷﺩﺮﮔ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺯﺍ ﺶﻴﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﮐ ١٠٠٠
ﻲﺑﺁ ﻪﻨﻬﭘ ﺯﺍ ﺭﺎﺘﮑﻫ
ﻱﺮﮕﺷﺩﺮﮔ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﺏﻻﺎﺗ ﺖﺳﺍ
ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﺖﻟﺎﺧﺩ ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ
ﺖﻓﺎﻳ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺖﻌﺳﻭ ﻦﻳﺍ ،ﻩﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣ )
ﻞﮑﺷ ٧ .(
ﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺞ
ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﮐ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ﻱﺰﺑﺁ ﻥﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺏﻻﺎﺗ ﺯﺮﻣ ،ﻢﺴﻳﺭﻮﺗﻮﮐﺍ ﻥﻭﺯ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﺏﻻﺎﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺝﺮﻔﺗ ﻥﻭﺯ ﻪﺳ ﺺﻴﺨﺸﺗ ﻭ ﻲﮑﻳﺰﻴﻓ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻥﻭﺪﺑ ﺖﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻲﮑﺘﻣ ﻱﺮﮕﺷﺩﺮﮔ ﻲﮑﻳﺰﻴﻓ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺖﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻲﮑﺘﻣ ﻱﺮﮕﺷﺩﺮﮔ ﺷ
ﺪ .
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
رﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﺖﻴﻤﻫا ﺪﺻرد
رﺎﻴﻌﻣﺖﻴﻤﻫاﻪﺟرد
ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻢﻴﻠﻗا ﻦﻴﻣزﺮﺳ ﻲﻜﻳﺰﻴﻓ يﺎﻤﻴﺳ ﺶﺣو تﺎﻴﺣ يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا يﺎﻫ ﻪﺒﻨﺟ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﺖﻴﺳﺎﺴﺣ ﻲﺘﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﻲﻫﺎﮕﺟﺮﻔﺗ ﺖﻴﻤﻫا ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا يﺎﻫ ﻲﮔﮋﻳو بآ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ كﺎﺧ يﺎﻫ ﻲﮔﮋﻳو ﻲﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﺶﺷﻮﭘ ﻲﺨﻳرﺎﺗ ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ يﺎﻤﻴﺳ
ﺭﻮﺧﺎﻐﭼ ﺏﻻﺎﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺮﮕﺷﺩﺮﮔ ﻱﺎﻫﻪﻨﻬﭘ ﺶﻨﻳﺰﮔ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﺖﻴﻤﻫﺍ ﻪﺟﺭﺩﻭ ﺖﻴﻤﻫﺍ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ‐۲ ﻞﮑﺷ
ﺏﻮﭼﺭﺎﭼ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﺭﺍﺪﻳﺎﭘ ﻱﺮﮕﺷﺩﺮﮔ ،ﻢﺴﻳﺭﻮﺗﻮﮐﺍ ﻥﻭﺯ ﺭﻮﻀﺣ ﺖﻴﻓﺮﻇ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻄﻴﺤﻣ ﺖﺴﻳﺯ ﻦﻳﺯﺍﻮﻣ ﻆﻔﺣ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﮕﺷﺩﺮﮔ
. ﻭ ﻉﻮﻨﺗ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻩﺪﻧﺮﻴﮔﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻥﻭﺯ ﻦﻳﺍ
ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺏﻻﺎﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺰﺑﺁ ﺭﺎﻨﮐ ﻭ ﻱﺰﺑﺁ ﻥﺎﮔﺪﻧﺮﭘ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ
