ﻩﮋﻳﻭ ﺖﺒﻗﺍﺮﻣ ﯼﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻪﻠﺠﻣ Iranian Journal of Critical Care Nursing
ﺩ ﻩﺭﻭ ۳ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ، ۲ ﻥﺎﺘﺴﺑﺎﺗ ، ۱۳۸۹ Vol. 3, No. 2, Summer 2010
ﺕﺎﺤﻔﺻ : ۸۶ - Pages: 81-86 ۸۱
لﻮﺌﺴﻣ هﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ :
ﺮﺒﺠﻧر يدﺎﻫ . ﺖﺳاﻮﺧرد مﺎﻤﺗ ﻲﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ
[email protected] ﺪﻧﻮﺷ هدﺎﺘﺳﺮﻓ
.
ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﻥﺎﻫﺩ ﻦﻳﺪﻳﺰﮕﻫﺮﻠﻛ ﻪﻳﻮﺷ ﺕﺎﻧﻮﮐﻮﻠﮔ
ﺭﺩ ﻱﺮﻴﮕﺸﻴﭘ ﺯﺍ
ﺯﻭﺮﺑ ﻲﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ
ﺎﺑ ﻪﻳﻮﻬﺗ ﻲﻋﻮﻨﺼﻣ
ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺕﺪﺷ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺁ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻭ ﺱﺭﺮﻳﺩ
ﺮﺒﺠﻧﺭ ﻱﺩﺎﻫ MSc*
، ﻱﺮﻔﻌﺟ ﻪﻘﻳﺪﺻ MSc۱
، ﻲﻧﺍﺮﻣﺎﮐ ﺩﺎﻫﺮﻓ MSc۱
، ﻱﻮﻠﻋ ﺪﻴﻤﺣ
۲ﺪﺠﻣ ،PhD ﻲﻳﺎﻤﻐﻳ ﻩﺪﻳﺮﻓ PhD۳
، ﻱﺮﮕﺴﻋ ﻲﻠﻋ MD۴
ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ،ﻥﺎﻣﺮﮐ ،ﻥﺎﻣﺮﮐ ﻲﮑﺷﺰﭘ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،ﻲﻳﺎﻣﺎﻣ ﻭ ﻱﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻩﺪﮑﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،ﻲﺣﺍﺮﺟ ﻭ ﻲﻠﺧﺍﺩ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ
*ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ،ﻲﺘﺸﻬﺑ ﺪﻴﻬﺷ ﻲﮑﺷﺰﭘ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،ﻲﻳﺎﻣﺎﻣ ﻭ ﻱﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻩﺪﮑﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،ﻲﺣﺍﺮﺟ ﻭ ﻲﻠﺧﺍﺩ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ
۱،ﻲﮑﺷﺰﭘﺍﺮﻴﭘ ﻩﺪﮑﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،ﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ
۲ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ،ﻲﺘﺸﻬﺑ ﺪﻴﻬﺷ ﻲﮑﺷﺰﭘ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ
ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ،ﻲﺘﺸﻬﺑ ﺪﻴﻬﺷ ﻲﮑﺷﺰﭘ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،ﻲﻳﺎﻣﺎﻣ ﻭ ﻱﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻩﺪﮑﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،ﺖﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ
۳ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ،ﺶﺗﺭﺍ ﻲﮑﺷﺰﭘ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،ﻲﮑﺷﺰﭘ ﻩﺪﮑﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،ﻲﮑﺷﺰﭘ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ
۴
ﻩﺪﻴﮑﭼ
ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ : ﻲﺴﻔﻨﺗ ﻩﺎﮕﺘﺳﺩ ﻥﻮﻴﺳﺍﺰﻴﻧﻮﻠﮐ -
ﻥﻮﻴﺳﺍﺮﻴﭙﺳﺁ ﻭ ﻲﺷﺭﺍﻮﮔ ﺮﻓ ﻭﺩ ﻲﻧﺎﺘﺤﺗ ﻲﺴﻔﻨﺗ ﻩﺎﮕﺘﺳﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻩﺩﻮﻟﺁ ﺕﺎﺤﺷﺮﺗ
ﺁ ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻢﻬﻣ ﺪﻨﻳ ﺍﺯ
ﻳ ﻲ ﯽﻧﻮﻔﻋ ﺎﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ
ﻲﻋﻮﻨﺼﻣ ﻪﻳﻮﻬﺗ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ
. ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ،ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻑﺪﻫ ﻥﺎﻫﺩ
ﻪﻳﻮﺷ ﺕﺎﻧﻮﮐﻮﻠﮔ ﻦﻳﺪﻳﺰﮕﻫﺮﻠﻛ ٢
/ ٠
% ﺭﺩ ﻱﺮﻴﮕﺸﻴﭘ ﺯﺍ ﺯﻭﺮﺑ ﻲﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻳﻮﻬﺗ ﻲﻋﻮﻨﺼﻣ
ﺩﻮﺑ ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺕﺪﺷ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺁ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻭ ﺱﺭﺮﻳﺩ .
ﺭ ﺵﻭ ﺎﻫ : ﺭﺩ ،ﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁﺭﺎﮐ ﻦﻳﺍ ٨٠
ﻱﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﻩﺯﺎﺗ ﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻢﻴﮑﺣ ﻥﺎﻤﻘﻟ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻩﮋﻳﻭ ﺖﺒﻗﺍﺮﻣ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻪﺑ ﺱﺮﺘﺳﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ
ﻭ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﻪﺑ
ﺭﺩ ﯽﻓﺩﺎﺼﺗ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻭﺩ
. ﻥﺎﻫﺩ ﺯﻭﺭ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺎﺑ ﻭﺩ ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻳﻮﺸﻧﺎﻫﺩ ﺯﻭﺭ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺎﺑﻭﺩ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻭ ﻦﻳﺪﻳﺰﮕﻫﺮﻠﮐ ﻪﻳﻮﺷ
ﺪﻧﺩﺮﮐ ﺖﻓﺎﻳﺭﺩ ﻲﮑﻤﻧ ﻡﺮﺳ .
ﻲﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ ﻪﺑ ﻞﻳﺪﻌﺗ ﻪﺨﺴﻧ ﻪﻠﻴﺳﻭ ﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻩﺪﺷ
ﻲﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺺﻴﺨﺸﺗ .
ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺗ ﻭ ﺮﺸﻴﻓ ﻖﻴﻗﺩ ،ﻱﺎﮐ ﺭﻭﺬﺠﻣ ﯼﺎﻫ
ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻭ ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ ﯼﺍﺮﺑ ﻲﺟﻭﺯ ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﻫ
.
ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺎﻫ : ٢٥ / ١٦ % ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻞﮐ ﻪﺑ
ﻲﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻼﺘﺒﻣ ﺱﺭﺮﻳﺩ )
ﻪﺑ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ٥ ﻭ ٢٥ % ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺭﺩ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﻭ ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ .(
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﺮﺸﻴﻓ ﻖﻴﻗﺩ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ
ﻪﺑ ﻼﺘﺑﺍ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻭﺩ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻲﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ
ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺱﺭﺮﻳﺩ )
٠٥ / ٠ p<
.(
ﻦﻳﺪﻳﺰﮕﻫﺮﻠﮐ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺕﺪﺷ ﻩﺮﻤﻧ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ٤١
/ ٢٦ ﻲﮑﻤﻧ ﻡﺮﺳ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺭﺩ ﻭ
٩٥ / ٢٣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺩﻮﺑ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ
ﺪﻨﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﯼﺭﺍﺩ )
٠٠١ / ٠ p<
.(
ﻪﺑ ﻦﻳﺪﻳﺰﮕﻫﺮﻠﮐ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺭﺩ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺕﺪﺷ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻲﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ
ﺪﻧﺪﺸﻧ ﻼﺘﺒﻣ .
ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻥﺎﻫﺩ ﺎﺑ ﺵﺭﺍﻮﮔ ﻩﺎﮕﺘﺳﺩ ﻲﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﻱﺯﺎﺴﮐﺎﭘ : ﺯﺍ ﻱﺮﻴﮕﺸﻴﭘ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻳﺪﻳﺰﮕﻫﺮﻠﮐ ﻝﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﺯﻭﺭ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺎﺑ ﻭﺩ ﻪﻳﻮﺷ
ﻲﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ ﺎﻣﺍ ،ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧ ﻲﮑﻤﻧ ﻡﺮﺳ ﺎﺑ ﻲﺗﻭﺎﻔﺗ
ﻲﻣ ﻮﺗ ﺯﻭﺮﺑ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺐﺒﺳ ﺪﻧﺍ ﻲﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ ﺮﺗﺪﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻤﺴﺟ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺷ ﺱﺭﺮﻳﺩ .
ﻩﮊﺍﻭﺪﻴﻠﮐ ﺎﻫ
ﺎﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﻲﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ
:ﻥﺎﻫﺩ ،ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺕﺪﺷ ،ﺱﺭﺮﻳﺩ ﻲﻋﻮﻨﺼﻣ ﻪﻳﻮﻬﺗ
ﻦﻳﺪﻳﺰﮕﻫﺮﻠﮐ ،ﻪﻳﻮﺷ
Effect of Chlorhexidine gluconate oral rinse on preventing of late onset ventilator associated pneumonia and it’s interaction with severity of illness
Ranjbar H.* MSc, Jafari S.1MSc, Kamrani F.1MSc, Alavi Majd H.2PhD, Yaghmaei F.3PhD, Asgari A.4MSc
٭Department of Medical-Surgical, Faculty of Nursing & Midwifery, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
1DepartmentofMedical-Surgical,FacultyofNursing&Midwifery,ShahidBeheshtiUniversityofMedicalSciences,Tehran,Iran
2Department of Statistics, Faculty of Para-Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
3Department of Health, Faculty of Nursing & Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
4Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Artesh University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Abstract
Aims: The respiratory-digestive mechanism colonization and aspiration of contaminated secretions to the lower
respiratory tract are two main processes in creating pneumonia associating with artificial ventilation. This study was conducted to determine the effect of chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2% oral rinse in preventing from pneumonia associated with delayed artificial ventilation and its interactive effect with disease severity.
Methods: In this clinical trial study, 80 patients newly admitted in the general intensive care unit (ICU) of
Loqman-e-Hakim hospital were selected randomly and assigned in two groups. Patients of experimental and control groups received daily twice chlorhexidine oral rinse and normal saline oral rinse, respectively. Ventilator associated pneumonia was diagnosed by Modified Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score (MCPIS).
Results: The overall incidence of late VAP was 16.25% (5 VS 25% in experimental and control groups,
respectively). Fisher’s exact test showed a significant differences between two groups (p<0.05). Average score of illness severity in chlorhexidine group was 26.41 while in normal saline group was 23.95 that implied a significant statistical difference (p<0.001). Patients with higher severity of illness didn’t develop VAP in chlorhexidine group.
Conclusion: Selective decontamination or cleaning of digestive tract with chlorhexidine oral rinse twice a day
does not differ from normal saline in prevention of ventilator associated pneumonia, but can reduce the late onset of ventilator associated pneumonia and is effective in patients with more severe condition.
Keywords: Ventilator Associated Pneumonia, Late Artificial Ventilation, Disease Severity, Oral Rinse, Chlorhexidine
۸۲ ﺮﺒﺠﻧﺭ ﯼﺩﺎﻫ ـــــــــــــــــ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ
ــــ ـــــــــــــــــــــ ــ
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ
ﺖﻧﻮﻔﻋ ﻲﻧﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ
، ﻝﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﻪﻧﻻﺎﺳ ۴۴
ﺎﺗ ۹۸ ﺭﺍﺰﻫ ﻭ ﮒﺮﻣ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﻱﺍ
ﻝﺩﺎﻌﻣ ۱۷ ﺎﺗ ۲۹ ﺩﺭﺎﻴﻠﻴﻣ ﺭﻻﺩ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻩﺪﺤﺘﻣ ﺕﻻﺎﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ]
۱ [ . ﻲﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ
ﻲﻋﻮﻨﺼﻣ ﻪﻳﻮﻬﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ
، ﻲﻧﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻊﻳﺎﺷ ﺖﻧﻮﻔﻋ ﻦﻴﻣﻭﺩ ]
۲ ، ۳ ، ۴ ، ۵ [
ﺖﺒﻗﺍﺮﻣ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻊﻳﺎﺷ ﺖﻧﻮﻔﻋ ﻦﻴﻟﻭﺍ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﮋﻳﻭ ﻱﺎﻫ
] ۶ ، ۷ ، ۸ ، ۹ [ .
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻲﻨﻴﺋﻮﺧ
ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ ۱۳۸۱ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺯﺍ ﯽﮑﻳ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﯼﺎﻫ
ﻊﻳﺎﺷ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ ،ﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﺮﻬﺷ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻧﻮﻔﻋ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ
ﺖﺒﻗﺍﺮﻣ ﻩﮋﻳﻭ ﻱﺎﻫ ) ۴۶ (%
ﯽﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺪﻫﺩ ] ۱۰ [ . ﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ ،ﺭﻭﺎﺠﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﺯﺍ ﻊﻳﺎﺷ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ
ﺭﺩ ﺖﻧﻮﻔﻋ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ
ﺖﺒﻗﺍﺮﻣ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻪﺑ ،ﻩﮋﻳﻭ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ۲۸ % ﻥﺎﺘﺴﻛﺎﭘ ] ۱۱ [ ، ۴۷ % ﻥﺎﻨﺒﻟ
] ۱۲ [ ﻭ ۸۱ % ﺪﻨﻫ ﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﺭﺩ ]
۱۳ [ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻡﻼﻋﺍ .
ﺎﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﻲﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ
ﻲﻋﻮﻨﺼﻣ ﻪﻳﻮﻬﺗ
، ﺭﺩ ۲۵
% ﻲﻣ ﺥﺭ ﻲﮑﻴﻧﺎﮑﻣ ﻪﻳﻮﻬﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻭ ﺪﻫﺩ
ﻝﻮﺌﺴﻣ ۹۰
% ﺖﻧﻮﻔﻋ ﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﮑﻴﻧﺎﮑﻣ ﻪﻳﻮﻬﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻧﺎﺘﺳﺭ
ﺖﺳﺍ ] ۱۴ [.
ﻥﻮﻴﺳﺍﺰﻴﻧﻮﻠﮐ
، ﻲﺴﻔﻨﺗ ﻩﺎﮕﺘﺳﺩ -
ﻥﻮﻴﺳﺍﺮﻴﭙﺳﺁ ﻭ ﻲﺷﺭﺍﻮﮔ
، ﻩﺩﻮﻟﺁ ﺕﺎﺤﺷﺮﺗ
ﻲﻧﺎﺘﺤﺗ ﻲﺴﻔﻨﺗ ﻩﺎﮕﺘﺳﺩ ﻪﺑ
، ﺮﻓ ﻭﺩ ﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻢﻬﻣ ﺪﻨﻳ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ
ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻲﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ
ﻲﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﻲﻋﻮﻨﺼﻣ ﻪﻳﻮﻬﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﻩﺪﺷ
ﺪﻧﺍ ] ١٥ ، ١٦ [ . ﺯﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻡﺮﮔ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﻔﻨﻣ
، ﻲﻣ ﺪﻨﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﺕﺪﻣ ﻑﺮﻇ ٤٨
ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﺖﻋﺎﺳ
ﻱﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﻥﺪﺷ
، ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﻦﻳﺰﮕﻳﺎﺟ ﻲﻧﺎﻫﺩ ﻖﻠﺣ ﺭﺩ
؛ ﻪﻳﻮﻬﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ ﻪﮐ ﻲﻧﺍﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ
ﻱﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ ﺎﺑ ﺱﺎﻤﺗ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻲﮑﻴﻧﺎﮑﻣ ﺖﺸﻧ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺯﺍ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﮐ
ﻪﻟﻮﻟ ﻑﺎﮐ ﻑﺍﺮﻃﺍ ﻪﺷﺍﺮﺗ
، ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻲﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ ﻪﺑ ﻼﺘﺑﺍ ﺽﺮﻌﻣ ﺭﺩ ]
١٧ [.
ﺎﺑ
ﻪﻟﻮﻟ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺶﻘﻧ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺷﺍﺮﺗ ﺖﺧﺭﺩ ﻥﻮﻴﺳﺍﺰﻴﻧﻮﻠﻛ ﺭﺩ ،ﻪﺷﺍﺮﺗ
ﻪ ﻱﺍ
ﻦﻳﺍ ﺎﺑ ،ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻥﺩﺮﮐ ﻥﻮﻴﺳﺍﺮﻴﭙﺳﺁ ﺪﻌﺘﺴﻣ ﻭ ﻲﺸﻧﻭﺮﺑ ﻪﻟﻮﻟ ﻪﺑ ﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﻝﺎﺣ
ﻪﺑ ﻪﺷﺍﺮﺗ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺎﻳ ﻝﺎﺣ ﺪﺑ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺹﻮﺼﺧ
ﻞﻤﻋ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﻳﺬﭘﺎﻧ ﺏﺎﻨﺘﺟﺍ ،ﮒﺭﺰﺑ ﻲﺣﺍﺮﺟ ﻱﺎﻫ ]
١٨ [ . ﺯﺩﺭﺎﻜﻳﺭ ﻭ
،ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﻲﺘﻧﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ
ﻱﺯﺎﺴﻛﺎﭘ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺏﺬﺟ ﻞﺑﺎﻗﺮﻴﻏ ﻚﻴﺗﻮﻴﺑ
ﻩﺎﮕﺘﺳﺩ ﻲﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﺖﻧﻮﻔﻋ ﺯﻭﺮﺑ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻲﻫﺍﺭ ﺍﺭ ﺵﺭﺍﻮﮔ
ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻲﻧﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﯽﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺮﻃﺎﺧ ﺎﻣﺍ ؛ﺪﻧﺍ
ﺵﻭﺭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﻝﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ ﻲﻣ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺍﺭ ﻡﻭﺎﻘﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺪﻫﺩ ] ١٩ [ . ،ﻦﻳﺪﻳﺰﮕﻫﺮﻠﮐ
ﺲﻴﺑ ﻱﺍﺩﺯﺪﻨﮔ ﻭ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﻲﻧﻮﻔﻋﺪﺿ ﮏﻳ ﯽﺑ
ﻒﻴﻃ ﻱﻭﺭ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺪﻴﻧﺍﻮﮔ
ﻱﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻌﻴﺳﻭ ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ،ﺎﻫ
ﺎﻫ ﺱﻭﺮﻳﻭ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ﻭ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ ﺎﻫ
ﻣﻭﺎﻘﻣ ﭻﻴﻫ ﻥﻮﻨﮐﺎﺗ ﺖ
ﻥﺎﻃﺮﺳ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻭ ﻲﺑﻭﺮﮑﻴﻣ ﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔ ﻥﺁ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻲﻳﺍﺯ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺸﻧ ]
۲۰ [ . ﻲﻣ ﻦﻳﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻝﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﮏﻳ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻱﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﻳﻮﺸﻧﺎﻫﺩ .
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﻱﺍ ﻭﺰﻳﺭﺩ ﻪﻳﻮﺸﻧﺎﻫﺩ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﮑﻤﻫ ﻭ
ﻭﺭ ﻦﻳﺪﻳﺰﮕﻫﺮﻠﮐ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻋﻮﻨﺼﻣ ﻪﻳﻮﻬﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﻲﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ ﻱ
ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ،ﺪﻧﺩﺍﺩ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺐﻠﻗ ﻲﺣﺍﺮﺟ ﻞﻤﻋ ﺖﻧﻮﻔﻋ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺖﻧﻮﻔﻋ ﺹﻮﺼﺧ ﻭ ﻲﺴﻔﻨﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﺘﻧﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻥﺪﺷﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﮏﻴﺗﻮﻴﺑ
ﯽﻣ ﺎﻫ ﺩﻮﺷ ] ۲۱ [ . ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ
ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺖﻴﺋﻮﻨﺟ
،ﻦﻳﺪﻳﺰﮕﻫﺮﻠﮐ ﻪﻳﻮﺸﻧﺎﻫﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﮑﻤﻫ ﻭ
ﻩﺎﺗﻮﮐ ﺐﺒﺳ ﻲﻗﺎﺑ ﺕﺪﻣ ﻥﺪﺷﺮﺗ
ﻢﮐ ﻭ ﻪﺷﺍﺮﺗ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ ﻪﻟﻮﻟ ﻥﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﺯﻭﺮﺑ ﻥﺪﺷ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻲﻋﻮﻨﺼﻣ ﻪﻳﻮﻬﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﻲﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ ]
۲۲ [ . ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻥﻮﺘﺳﺎﻫ
ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ ﺯﻭﺮﺑ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ،ﺰﻴﻧ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﮑﻤﻫ ﻭ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﺮﻄﺧ ﺽﺮﻌﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻭ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻋﻮﻨﺼﻣ ﻪﻳﻮﻬﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﻲﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ
ﯽﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺪﻫﺩ ] ۲۳ [ . ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ،ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ،ﻥﺍﺭﺎﮑﻤﻫ ﻭ ﭖﺍﺮﮔ
ﻲﻧﻮﻠﮐ ﻭ ﻲﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ ﺯﻭﺮﺑ ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻪﻳﻮﻬﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻥﺎﻫﺩ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺯ
ﯽﻤﻧ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺍﺭ ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻋﻮﻨﺼﻣ ﺪﻫﺩ
] ۱۴ [ . ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺮﻳﺭﻮﻓ
ﻭ
،ﻲﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ ﺯﻭﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺗﻭﺎﻔﺗ ،ﺰﻴﻧ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﮑﻤﻫ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻭ ﻱﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﺕﺪﻣ
ﮒﺮﻣ ﻭ ﯽﻣ ﺖﻓﺎﻳﺭﺩ ﻦﻳﺪﻳﺰﮕﻫﺮﻠﮐ ﻪﻳﻮﺸﻧﺎﻫﺩ ﻪﮐ ﻲﻧﺍﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺮﻴﻣ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ
ﯽﻤﻧ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻝﻮﻤﻌﻣ ﺖﺒﻗﺍﺮﻣ ﺖﺤﺗ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺎﺑ ﺪﻫﺩ
] ۲۴ [ . ﺎﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﻲﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ
ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻋﻮﻧ ﺱﺭﺮﻳﺩ ﻉﻮﻧ ،ﻲﻋﻮﻨﺼﻣ ﻪﻳﻮﻬﺗ ۹۶ ﻲﻣ ﻕﺎﻔﺗﺍ ﻪﺷﺍﺮﺗ ﻪﻟﻮﻟ ﻦﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺖﻋﺎﺳ ﭘ ﺯﺍ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ؛ﺪﺘﻓﺍ
ﺎﺑ ﻲﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨ
ﻥﮊﻮﺗﺎﭘ ﻱﻮﻗ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﻣ ﻕﺎﻔﺗﺍ ﺮﺗ
ﮒﺮﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﺭﺩ ،ﺪﺘﻓﺍ ﻭ
ﻱﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﺮﻴﻣ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﺭﺍﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ]
۴ [ . ﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﺮﺑ ،ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺎﺑ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﺱﺭﺮﻳﺩ ﻉﻮﻧ ﺮﺑ ،ﺕﻼﺧﺍﺪﻣ .
ﺪﻨﭼ ﺮﻫ ،ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ
ﻪﺑ ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﺕﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻲﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ ﺮﻄﺧ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ
ﺍ ﺎﻣﺍ ؛ﺖﺳﺍ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻩﺭﺎﺷﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺮﺘﻤﮐ ،ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺕﻼﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺁ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﺮﺛ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ .
ﻱﺯﺎﺴﮐﺎﭘ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﮐ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ ،ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺱﺎﺳﺍﺮﺑ
ﻲﺘﻧﺁ ﺎﺑ ﺵﺭﺍﻮﮔ ﻩﺎﮕﺘﺳﺩ ﻲﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﮏﻴﺗﻮﻴﺑ
ﻲﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺮﻴﮕﺸﻴﭘ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ
ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﺖﻳﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣ ﻪﮑﻨﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻲﻋﻮﻨﺼﻣ ﻪﻳﻮﻬﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﺧ ،ﺵﻭﺭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻳﻭﺭﺍﺩ ﺖﻣﻭﺎﻘﻣ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﺮﻄ
. ﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺎﺑ ﺮ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ
ﺮﺑ ﻖﻓﺍﻮﺗ ﻡﺪﻋ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻦﻳﺪﻳﺰﮕﻫﺮﻠﮐ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺿﺭﺎﻋ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻡﺪﻋ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻑﺪﻫ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁﺭﺎﮐ ﻦﻳﺍ ،ﺵﻭﺭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻥﺩﻮﺑﺮﺛﻮﻣ ﻱﺯﺎﺴﻛﺎﭘ
ﻥﺎﻫﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻠﻴﺳﻭ ﻪﻳﻮﺸﻧﺎﻫﺩ ﻦﻳﺪﻳﺰﮕﻫﺮﻠﻛ ۲
/ ۰
%
، ﺭﺩ ﻱﺮﻴﮕﺸﻴﭘ ﺯﺍ
ﺯﻭﺮﺑ
ﻲﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻳﻮﻬﺗ ﺱﺭﺮﻳﺩ ﻲﻋﻮﻨﺼﻣ ﺕﺪﺷ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺁ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻭ
ﺖﺒﻗﺍﺮﻣ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻩﮋﻳﻭ ﻱﺎﻫ
.
ﺵﻭﺭ ﺎﻫ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁﺭﺎﮐ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ .
ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ،ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﯼﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ
ﻩﺯﺎﺗ ﻱﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﻢﻴﮑﺣ ﻥﺎﻤﻘﻟ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻩﮋﻳﻭ ﺖﺒﻗﺍﺮﻣ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ
ﺯﺍ ﻱﺩ ﻝﺎﺳ ﻩﺎﻣ ۱۳۸۴ ﻝﺎﺳ ﻩﺎﻣﺩﺍﺩﺮﺧ ﺎﺗ ۱۳۸۵
ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ . ۸۰ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺎﺑ ﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺱﺮﺘﺳﺩ ﺭﺩ ﯼﺮﻴﮔ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﺩﻭﺭﻭ ﯼﺎﻫﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ
.
ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻦﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺩﻭﺭﻭ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻦﺳ ،ﻪﺷﺍﺮﺗ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ ﻪﻟﻮﻟ
١٨ ﺎﺗ ٦٥
ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻡﺪﻋ ،ﻥﻮﻴﺳﺍﺮﻴﭙﺳﺁ ﻢﻳﻼﻋ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻡﺪﻋ ،ﻝﺎﺳ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻒﻴﻌﻀﺗ ﻲﻨﻤﻳﺍ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﻒﻴﻀﺗ ﻱﺎﻫﻭﺭﺍﺩ ﻑﺮﺼﻣ ﻡﺪﻋ ﻭ
ﻩﺪﻨﻨﮐ
ﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻲﻨﻤﻳﺍ ﻢ .
ﻲﺘﻣﻼﺳ ﻦﻣﺰﻣ ﺕﻼﮑﺸﻣ ﻭ ﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑ ﺩﺎﺣ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻣ (APACHE II) :
ﺩﺎﺣ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﻩﺮﻤﻧ ،ﻦﺳ ﺀﺰﺟ ﻪﺳ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ
ﮏﻳﮊﻮﻟﻮﻳﺰﻴﻓ )
ﺖﻴﻟﻭﺮﺘﮑﻟﺍ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﮏﻳﮊﻮﻟﻮﻳﺰﻴﻓ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺒﻴﮐﺮﺗ ﺎﻫ
( ﻭ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﺘﻣﻼﺳ ﻦﻣﺰﻣ ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ .
ﻞﻣﺎﮐ ﻩﺮﻤﻧ APACHE II
ﺎﺗ ﺮﻔﺻ ﺯﺍ
۷۱ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﻩﺮﻤﻧ ﻭ ﻒﻴﻌﺿ ﺪﻣﺎﻴﭘ ﺎﺑ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺍﺮﻤﻫ ﺮﺗ ]
۲۵ [.
ﻞﻳﺪﻌﺗ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ
ﻲﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ MCPIS :
ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ۱۹۹۰ ﻦﻴﮔﺎﭘ ﻭ
ﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﮑﻤﻫ ﻲﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ
ﺪﻧﺩﺮﮐ ﻲﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﺍﺭ .
ﺯﺍ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ
ﻝﻮﺒﻠﮔ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ،ﺕﺎﺤﺷﺮﺗ ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ ،ﻥﺪﺑ ﺕﺭﺍﺮﺣ ﻪﺟﺭﺩ
،ﺪﻴﻔﺳ ﻱﺎﻫ
ـــــ ـــــــــ ـــ
ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﻥﺎﻫﺩ ﺕﺎﻧﻮﮐﻮﻠﮔ ﻦﻳﺪﻳﺰﮕﻫﺮﻠﻛ ﻪﻳﻮﺷ ﺭﺩ
ﻱﺮﻴﮕﺸﻴﭘ ﺯﺍ ﺯﻭﺮﺑ ﯽﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻳﻮﻬﺗ ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺕﺪﺷ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺁ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻭ ﺱﺭﺮﻳﺩ ﻲﻋﻮﻨﺼﻣ
۸۳
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ،ﺎﻴﻤﺴﮐﻮﭙﻳﺎﻫ ،ﻪﻨﻴﺳ ﻪﺴﻔﻗ ﺲﮑﻋ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ
ﻭ ﺖﺸﻛ ،ﻪﺷﺍﺮﺗ ﺯﺍ
ﮓﻧﺭ ﺺﻴﺨﺸﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻡﺮﮔ ﻱﺰﻴﻣﺁ ﻲﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ
ﯽﻣ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺩﻮﺷ
] ۲۶ [ . ﺪﻨﭼﺮﻫ
ﻦﻴﮔﺎﭘ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﮑﻤﻫ ﻭ ﮓﻧﺭ ﻭ ﺖﺸﻛ ،ﻱﺮﻴﮔ
ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻡﺮﮔ ﻱﺰﻴﻣﺁ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ،ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﻴﻘﺑ ﺭﺩ ،ﺪﻧﺩﺮﻛ ﺏﺍﻮﺟ ﺍﺮﻳﺯ ؛ﺪﺷ ﻑﺬﺣ ﻪﺷﺍﺮﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ
ﯽﻣ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺯﻭﺭ ﻪﺳ ﺎﺗ ﻭﺩ ﹰﻻﻮﻤﻌﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺸﮐ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺷ
CPIS
ﺍﺭ ﻲﺻﺎﺼﺘﺧﺍ ﻲﻣ ﺮﺗ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﯽﻤﮐ ﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ،ﺪﻨﮐ .
ﻪﺑ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ،ﻩﻭﻼﻋ
ﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﻪﮐ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻪﻧﺍﺯﻭﺭ ﺖﺸﮐ ﻪﺑ ﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﻪﻧﺍﺯﻭﺭ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻲﻣ ﺩﺎﻳﺯ ﺪﻨﮐ ] ۲۷ [ . ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ ﺎﻧﻮﻟ ٢٠٠٣
ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺍﺭ ﺖﺸﻛ
ﺪﻧﺩﺮﻛ ﻑﺬﺣ .
ﻪﻳﺍﺭﺍ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻜﻴﻧﺎﻜﻣ ﻪﻳﻮﻬﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ،ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻩﺪﺷ
ﻪﺑ ﻼﺘﺒﻣﺮﻴﻏ ﻲﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ
ﻩﺮﻤﻧ ٤ ﻲﻟﺎﺣﺭﺩ ،ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﺎﻳ ﻉﻭﺮﺷ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ
ﻲﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ ﻪﺑ ﻩﺮﻤﻧ ، ٥ ﻲﻣ ﺍﺪﻴﭘ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺎﻳ ﺪﻨﻛ
] ۲۸ [ .
ﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﻩﺮﻤﻧ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﻲﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ
ﺵﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﻭ ﺐﺗ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻪﮐ
ﻝﻮﺒﻠﮔ ﺪﻴﻔﺳ ﯼﺎﻫ ﺩﻮﺑ
ﺁ ﻢﻳﻼﻋ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻡﺪﻋ ﺪﻴﻳﺎﺗ ﻭ ﻑﺍﺮﮔ ﺭﺩ ﻥﻮﻴﺳﺍﺮﻴﭙﺳ
ﻪﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻩﺪﺷﺩﺭﺍﻭ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ،ﺭﺎﮑﻤﻫ ﮏﺷﺰﭘ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﻨﻴﺳ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ
ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺯﺍ ﻲﮑﻳ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮑﺳ ﺏﺎﺗﺮﭘ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻓﺩﺎﺼﺗ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﺎﻳ ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ . ﻪﻌﺟﺍﺮﻣ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﻣ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻦﺳ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻪﮐ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﮐ
) ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ ٥ ﻝﺎﺳ ( ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺕﺪﺷ ﻩﺮﻤﻧ ، )
ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ ٥ ﺯﺎﻴﺘﻣﺍ ( ﮔ ﻭ ﻩﻭﺮ
ﻲﺼﻴﺨﺸﺗ )
ﻲﺣﺍﺮﺟ ﺎﻳ ﻲﻠﺧﺍﺩ (
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣ .
ﻲﻨﻌﻳ
ﻪﺑ ﻝﻭﺍ ﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻢﻴﺗ ﯼﺎﻀﻋﺍ ،ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺑ ﻲﻓﺩﺎﺼﺗ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ
ﻪﺑ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻲﻣ ﻩﺪﺷﺮﮐﺫ ﺕﺎﺼﺨﺸﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺖﻔﺟ ﻝﺎﺒﻧﺩ
ﺪﻨﺘﺸﮔ . ﻢﺠﺣ
ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﻝﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻭﺩ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﻝﻮﻣﺮﻓ ﺱﺎﺳﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ۳۰
%
ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺮﻫ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻭ ۴۰
ﻧ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺮﻔ .
ﻱﻭﺭ ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﻦﻴﻟﻭﺍ
ﺭﺩ ﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺮﻫ ٢٤
ﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻱﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﻝﻭﺍ ﺖﻋﺎﺳ .
،ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺭﺩ
ﻥﺎﻫﺩ ﻦﻳﺪﻳﺰﮕﻫﺮﻠﮐ ﻪﻳﻮﺷ ٢
/ ٠ % ﻥﺎﻫﺩ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻡﺮﺳ ﻪﻳﻮﺷ
ﻲﮑﻤﻧ ٩ / ٠ % ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﺐﺴﮐ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﺎﺗ ﺝﻭﺮﺧ ﻱﺎﻫ
) ﺯﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﮒﺮﻣ ٤٨
ﺝﺭﺎﺧ ،ﻪﺷﺍﺮﺗ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ ﻪﻟﻮﻟ ﻦﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺖﻋﺎﺳ ﺩ ﻪﻟﻮﻟ ﻥﺪﺷ
ﺯﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻪﺷﺍﺮﺗ ﻞﺧﺍ ٤٨
ﻭ ﻲﺘﻴﺳﺎﺴﺣ ﺶﻨﮐﺍﻭ ﺯﻭﺮﺑ ﻭ ﺭﺎﮑﺷﺁ ﻥﻮﻴﺳﺍﺮﻴﭙﺳﺁ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ،ﺖﻋﺎﺳ ﻦﻳﺪﻳﺰﮕﻫﺮﻠﮐ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺘﺳﺍﻮﺧﺎﻧ (
ﻪﺑ ﻼﺘﺑﺍ ﺎﻳ ﻲﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ ﻪﺑ ﺯﻭﺭ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺎﺑ ﻭﺩ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ
ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ .
ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻪﻨﻳﺎﻌﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﺎﮑﻤﻫ ﮏﺷﺰﭘ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﻧﺍﺯﻭﺭ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ
ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﻩﺮﻤﻧ ﻲﺴﻔﻨﺗ ﺖﻧﻮﻔﻋ ﻢﻳﻼﻋ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑ ﻲﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ ) ﻮﺒﻠﮔ ﺵﺭﺎﻤﺷ ،ﻪﻨﻴﺳ ﻪﺴﻔﻗ ﺲﮑﻋ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻝ
،ﺪﻴﻔﺳ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻥﻮﻴﺳﺎﻧﮋﻴﺴﮐﺍ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻭ ﻪﺷﺍﺮﺗ ﺕﺎﺤﺷﺮﺗ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ (
ﺪﺷ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ
ﻲﺗﺭﻮﺻﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻱﻻﺎﺑ ﻩﺮﻤﻧ ﻪﮐ
۵ ﺸﺗ ،ﺪﻧﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﺐﺴﮐ ﺺﻴﺨ
ﻲﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ
ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺬﮔ ﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ .
ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺮﻫ ۴۸
ﺭﺎﭼﺩ ﻝﻭﺍ ﺖﻋﺎﺳ
ﻲﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ ﭻﻴﻫ ﻭ ﺪﺸﻧ ﺯﺍ ،ﺩﺮﮑﻧ ﺐﺴﮐ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺍﺭ ﺝﻭﺮﺧ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﺯﺍ ﮏﻳ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺪﺷ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ .
ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺯﺎﺳﺭﻮﮐ
ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺩﺮﻓ ﻪﮐ ﺩﻮﺑ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﻨﻳﺎﻌﻣ ﻭ ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﻩﺪﻨﻫﺩ
ﺍﺰﺠﻣ ﺮﻔﻧ ﻭﺩ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﮐ
ﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﺩﺎﺘﻓﺎﻴﻧ ﻕﺎﻔﺗﺍ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻝﺩﺎﺒﺗ ﻭ ﺪ .
ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ
ﺱﺭﺮﻳﺩ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ
ﻲﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ ﻪﺑ ﻼﺘﺑﺍ ، ﻲﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ ﻡﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﺯﻭﺭ ﻥﺎﻳﺎﭘ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ
ﺩﻮﺑ ﻪﺷﺍﺮﺗ ﻪﻟﻮﻟ ﻦﺘﺷﺍﺩ .
ﻪﺑ ﻲﺑ ﻞﻴﻟﺩ ﻥﺎﻫﺩ ﻥﺩﻮﺑﺭﺮﺿ ﻦﻳﺪﻳﺰﮕﻫﺮﻠﮐ ﻪﻳﻮﺷ
] ۲۰ [ ﺵﻮﻬﻴﺑ ، ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻱﺍﺭﻮﺷ ﺪﻴﻳﺎﺗ ﻭ ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﻉﻭﺮﺷ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ
ﻪﮑﻨﻳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻨﺒﻣ ﺶ
ﻥﺎﻫﺩ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧ ﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻱﺮﻄﺧ ﻦﻳﺪﻳﺰﮕﻫﺮﻠﮐ ﻪﻳﻮﺷ
ﻲﻣ ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﻦﻴﻟﻭﺍ ﻪﮑﻨﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺖﺴﻳﺎﺑ
۲۴ ﻲﻣ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻱﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﻝﻭﺍ ﺖﻋﺎﺳ ،ﺪﺷ
ﻑﺮﺻ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺯﺍ ﺖﻳﺎﺿﺭ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺯﺍ ﺪﺷ ﺮﻈﻧ
.
ﺵﻭﺭ ﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻱﺎﮐ ﺭﻭﺬﺠﻣ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ،ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺮﺸﻴﻓ ﻖﻴﻗﺩ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ
ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻲﺟﻭﺯ ﻲﺗ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻭ ﻲﻤﺳﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺑ ﻱﺩﺪﻋ ﻱﺎﻫ .
ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻭ ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ ﯼﺍﺮﺑ ﻡﺮﻧ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻫ
ﯼﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﺭﺍﺰﻓﺍ
SPSS 15 ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ
.
ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ
۲۲ ﺮﻔﻧ ) ۵ / ۲۷ (%
ﺭﺎﭼﺩ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ
ﻦﻳﺪﻳﺰﮕﻫﺮﻠﮐ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻢﻬﺳ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ۹
ﺮﻔﻧ ) ۵ / ۲۲ (%
ﻲﮑﻤﻧ ﻡﺮﺳ ﻭ ۱۳
ﺮﻔﻧ
) ۵ / ۳۲ (%
ﺩﻮﺑ . ﺯﻭﺮﺑ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ
،ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ
ﯽﻨﻌﻣ ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﺩﻮﺒﻧ ﺭﺍﺩ
) ۴۵۳ / ۰
= ؛ p ۱ ؛ df=
٠٠٣ / ١
= .( χ2 ﺮﻄﺧ
ﻪﺑ ﻼﺘﺑﺍ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﻲﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ
ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻦﻳﺪﻳﺰﮕﻫﺮﻠﻛ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ
ﻲﻜﻤﻧ ﻡﺮﺳ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ۷۶۵
/ ۰ ﻥﺎﻨﻴﻤﻃﺍ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﺎﺑ ۹۵
) % ۳۳۶ / - ۱ ۴۳۹ / ۰ ( ﺩﻮﺑ
ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﺮﻄﺧ ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ ﻥﺎﻨﻴﻤﻃﺍ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻩﺪﺷ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺩﻮﺒﻧ ﺭﺍﺩ .
۶ / ۲۸ % ﻭ ﻥﺎﻧﺯ ۹ / ۲۶ % ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﺩﺮﻣ ﻲﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻼﺘﺒﻣ .
۲۵ / ۱۶ %
ﻪﺑ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻲﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻼﺘﺒﻣ ﺱﺭﺮﻳﺩ
) ﻪﺑ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ۵ ﻭ ۲۵ % ﺮﮔ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻩﻭ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﻭ ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ .(
۳ / ۶۰ % ﻲﻧﺍﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ
ﻪﺑ ﺪﻨﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺭﺎﮕﻴﺳ ﻑﺮﺼﻣ ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ ﻪﮐ ﻲﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ
ﻲﻟﺎﺣﺭﺩ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻼﺘﺒﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﮐ
ﺭﺎﮕﻴﺳ ﻑﺮﺼﻣ ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ ﺪﻗﺎﻓ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ۵
/ ۴۵ % ﺩﻮﺑ ) ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ۱ .(
ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ۱ (
ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﺎﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﻩﺪﺷ
ﻲﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ ﻪﺑ ﻼﺘﺑﺍ ﮏﻴﮑﻔﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ
ﻲﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ ←
ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ↓ ﻩﺪﺷﻼﺘﺒﻣ
ﻩﺪﺸﻧﻼﺘﺒﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ
ﯽﻨﻌﻣ ﯼﺭﺍﺩ
ﻦﺳ
) ﻝﺎﺳ ۸۵ (
/
±
۹ ۳۲ / ۴۳ ۰۵ /
±
۹ ۲۸ / ۴۰ ۱۹۴ /
*
۰
ﺖﻴﺴﻨﺟ
ﺩﺮﻣ
۱۴ ۵۲۱ ۳۸
/
۰ ۲۰ ۸ ﻥﺯ
ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻲﺼﻴﺨﺸﺗ
ﻲﺣﺍﺮﺟ
۱۷ ۱۹۷ ۵۱
/
۰ ۷ ۵ ﻲﻠﺧﺍﺩ
ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﻱﺍ
ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ۱۳
۱۱۶ ۴۴ /
۰ ۱۴ ۹ ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧ
ﻑﺮﺼﻣ ﻲﺘﻧﺁ ﮏﻴﺗﻮﻴﺑ
ﻲﻠﺑ
۱۷ ۴۴۶ ۴۲
/
۰ ۱۶ ۵ ﺮﻴﺧ
ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺕﺪﺷ ﻩﺮﻤﻧ
۰۵
/
±
۴ ۴۱ / ۲۶ ۱۰ /
±
۳ ۹۵ / ۲۳ ۰۰۱ /
*
۰
ﻑﺮﺼﻣ ﺭﺎﮕﻴﺳ
ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ
۱۰ ۳۱۳ ۳۵
/
۰ ۲۳ ۱۲ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺪﻧ
ﺖﻣﺎﻗﺍ ﺕﺪﻣ
۸
/
±
۱ ۲۷ / ۶ ۶۱ /
±
۱ ۴۳ / ۵ ۴۶۵ /
*
۰
ﺕﺪﺷ ﻩﺮﻤﻧ ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ
ﻦﻳﺪﻳﺰﮕﻫﺮﻠﮐ
۳۹ /
±
۳ ۳۳ / ۲۵ ۰۶ /
±
۳ ۱۳ / ۲۴ ۳۱۷ /
*
۰
ﻲﮑﻤﻧ ﻡﺮﺳ ۴۳ /
±
۴ ۱۵ / ۲۷ ۱۹ /
±
۳ ۷۴ / ۲۳ ۰۰۱ /
*
۰
ﯽﻨﻌﻣ ﺡﻮﻄﺳ ﺭﺍﺩ ﻩﺭﺎﺘﺳ ﯼﺭﺍﺩ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺎﺑ*
ﻩﺭﺎﺘﺳ ﻥﻭﺪﺑ ﺩﺍﺪﻋﺍ ﻭ ﯽﺟﻭﺯT
ﻪﺑ ﯼﺎﮐ ﺭﻭﺬﺠﻣ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺎﺑ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺩ
ﺪﻧﺍ .
۸۴ ﺮﺒﺠﻧﺭ ﯼﺩﺎﻫ ـــــــــــــــــ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ
ــــ ـــــــــــــــــــــ ــ
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
ﺚﺤﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫﺩ
ﻝﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﺯﻭﺭ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺎﺑ ﻭﺩ ﻥﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﻛ
ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻬﺟﻮﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻲﻳﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﻪﺑ ،ﻥﺎﻫﺩ ﺭﺩ ﺏﺍﻮﺳ ﺎﺑ ﻦﻳﺪﻳﺰﮕﻫﺮﻠﻛ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻋﻮﻨﺼﻣ ﻪﻳﻮﻬﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ﻲﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ ﺯﻭﺮﺑ ﺖﺒﻗﺍﺮﻣ ﻩﮋﻳﻭ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﮑﻤﻧ ﻡﺮﺳ ﻝﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺭﺩ
ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧ .
ﺯﺍ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺎﺑ ،ﻱﺮﻴﮕﺸﻴﭘ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻲﺸﺨﺑﺮﺛﺍ ﺭﺩ ،ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻟﺎﺣﺭﺩ ؛ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺖﻘﺑﺎﻄﻣ ﻲﻠﺒﻗ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺩ
ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧ ﯽﻧﺍﻮﺨﻤﻫ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ .
ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ،ﻝﺎﺣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ
،ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺡﺮﻃ ﻪﮐ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﻭ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ
ﻲﻣ ﻞﮑﺸﻣ ﺍﺭ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺩﺯﺎﺳ
. ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺮﻳﺭﻮﻓ ﺪﻨﭼ ﺮﻫ ،ﻥﺍﺭﺎﮑﻤﻫ ﻭ
ﯽﻟﻭ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔ ﻥﺎﻫﺩ ﻖﻠﺣ ﻥﻮﻴﺳﺍﺰﻴﻧﻮﻠﻛ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻧﺩﺮﻜﻧ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻲﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ ﺯﻭﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺗﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﻥﺎﻘﻘﺤﻣ ]
٢٤ [ . ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ
ﻚﻳ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﮑﻤﻫ ﻭ ﭖﺍﺮﮔ ﺭﺎﺑ
ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻦﻳﺪﻳﺰﮕﻫﺮﻠﻛ ﻱﺮﭙﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ
ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻲﻋﻮﻨﺼﻣ ﻪﻳﻮﻬﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ﻲﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ ﺯﻭﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺸﻫﺎﻛ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺪﻧﺩﺮﻜﻧ ] ١٤ [ . ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻥﻮﺘﺳﺎﻫ
ﻭ ﻲﻠﺧﺍﺩ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻱﻭﺭ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻒﻟﺎﺨﻣ ،ﻲﺣﺍﺮﺟ ]
٢٣ [ . ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻭﺰﻳﺭﺩ
ﻭ
،ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻒﻟﺎﺨﻣ ﻪﮐ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﻲﺣﺍﺮﺟ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ
ﻲﻣ ﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺯﺎﺑ ﺐﻠﻗ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ؛ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﺖﺤﺗ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺮﻴﮔ
،ﻲﺣﺍﺮﺟ ﻞﻤﻋ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﺯﻭﺭ ﻭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻦﻳﺪﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺯﻭﺭ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺎﺑ ﻭﺩ ﻦﻳﺪﻳﺰﮕﻫﺮﻠﻛ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻑﺮﺼﻣ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻪﻠﻴﺳﻭ
ﻪﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻥﺁ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻨﮐﺭﺎﮐ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ،ﺯﻭﺭ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺎﺑ ﻭﺩ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﺭﺎﻛ
ﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺭ ﺖ ] ٢١ [ .
ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻕﻮﻓ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﻲﺸﺨﺑ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻩﻮﺤﻧ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻫﺩ
ﻲﻣ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻥﺁ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻡﺰﻠﺘﺴﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻤﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ،ﺩﻮﺷ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻖﻴﻗﺩ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ .
ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺪﻨﭼ ﺮﻫ
ﻭ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﺮﻄﺧ ﺭﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ،ﻝﺎﺣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺎﺑ ؛ﺩﺍﺪﻧ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻬﺟﻮﺗ ﻫ ﻡﺮﺳ ﻪﻳﻮﺸﻧﺎﻫﺩ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﻲﻫﻭﺮﮔ ﺭﺩ ،ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﺯﻭﺮﺑ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤ
ﻲﻣ ،ﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻲﮑﻤﻧ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ
ﻦﻳﺍ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﻲﺸﺨﺑﺮﺛﺍ ﻩﺪﻨﻫﺩ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺵﻭﺭ .
ﻊﻤﺠﺗ ﻞﺤﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺩﻮﺷ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻪﺘﮑﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻡﺯﻻ
ﺏﻭﺮﮑﻴﻣ ﻪﺑ ،ﻥﺎﻫﺩ ﻩﺮﻔﺣ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ ﮎﻼﭘ ﺭﺩ ﺹﻮﺼﺧ
ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻧﺍﺪﻧﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻓ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻦﺘﺷﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻲﮑﻳﺰﻴ
ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﻲﻠﻣﺎﻋ ؛ﺩﻮﺷ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻭﺩ .
ﻲﻣ ﺍﺬﻟ ﻝﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻍﺭﺎﻓ ،ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ
ﻲﻣ ﺩﻮﺧ ،ﻲﮑﻳﺰﻴﻓ ﻦﺘﺷﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻗﺩ ،ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻲﻠﻣﺎﻋ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ ﺯﻭﺮﺑ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺭﺩ .
ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ،ﻲﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ ﻪﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻼﺘﺒﻣ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻦﺳ ﻥﺩﻮﺑﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺎﺑ T
ﺗ ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﯽﻨﻌﻣ ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﺕﻭﺎﻔ ﺩﺍﺪﻧ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺍﺭ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ
. ﻪﮐ ﻱﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺎﺑ ﻻﺎﺑ ﻦﺳ
ﻭ ﻲﻋﻮﻨﺼﻣ ﻪﻳﻮﻬﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ﻲﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻜﻳ ﺍﺭ ﮒﺮﻣ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻭ
ﻩﺩﺮﮐ ﻲﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﻲﻜﻴﻧﺎﻜﻣ ﻪﻳﻮﻬﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ ﻥﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺮﻴﻣ ﺪﻧﺍ
] ۲۹ ، ۳۰ [ . ﺎﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﻲﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ ﺯﻭﺮﺑ ﺮﺑ ،ﻦﺳ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﺮﻈﻧ
،ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ؛ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻲﻋﻮﻨﺼﻣ ﻪﻳﻮﻬﺗ ﻱﻻﺎﺑ ﻦﺳ
۷۰ ﺍﺭ ﻝﺎﺳ
ﻲﻣ ﻲﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻲﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﺮﻄﺧ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻜﻳ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ
] ۳۱ [ ؛
ﻱﻻﺎﺑ ﻦﺳ ،ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ﻪﮐ ﻲﻟﺎﺣﺭﺩ ۶۵
ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺮﻄﺧ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﺍﺭ ﻝﺎﺳ
ﺼﻣ ﻪﻳﻮﻬﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ﻲﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ ﻲﻣ ﻲﻋﻮﻨ
ﺪﻨﻧﺍﺩ ] ۳۲ [ . ﻻﺎﺑ ﻦﺳ ،ﻝﺎﺣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ
ﻞﻴﺳﺎﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻥﻮﻴﺳﺍﺰﻴﻧﻮﻠﻛ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺮﻄﺧ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻡﺮﮔ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﻔﻨﻣ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ]
۳۳ [ . ﺯﺍ ﻲﻜﻳ ﻻﺎﺑ ﻦﺳ ﺪﻨﭼ ﺮﻫ ،ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺭﺩ
ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻦﺳ ﺎﻣﺍ ؛ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻧﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻲﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﺮﻄﺧ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﺖﺴﻴﻧ ﻻﺎﺑ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﭼ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ )
۴۰ % ﺍﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻲﻨﺳ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺭﺩ ﻥ ۴۹
- ۴۰ ﻝﺎﺳ .(
ﺭﺩ
ﻝﺩﺎﻌﻣ ﻲﻨﺳ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ،ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ۳۲
/ ۹
± ۱۱ / ۴۱ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﻛ ﺩﻮﺑ ﻝﺎﺳ
ﺩﻮﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻢﻛ ﻦﺳ ﻩﺪﻨﻫﺩ .
ﻦﺳ ﻱﻭﺮﻴﭘ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺎﺑ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ
ﻑﺍﺮﺤﻧﺍ ،ﻝﺎﻣﺮﻧ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻛ ﻪﻟﺎﺴﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻭ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻦﺳ ﻢﻛ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ
ﻱﻻﺎﺑ ﻦﺳ ﹰﻻﻮﻤﻌﻣ ۶۵
ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻝﺎﺳ ﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﺮﻄﺧ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ
ﻲﻣ ﻲ ،ﺪﻨﻛ
ﻲﻣ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻲﺸﺨﺑﺮﺛﺍ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﺪﻫﺩ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻫ
.
ﻲﻋﻮﻨﺼﻣ ﻪﻳﻮﻬﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﻲﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ ﺯﻭﺮﺑ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﺮﺑ ﺲﻨﺟ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻘﻓﺍﻮﺗ ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ .
ﺩﺮﻣ ﺲﻨﺟ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ]
۳۱ , ۳۴ [ ﺲﻨﺟ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ﻭ
ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺯ ﻲﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﻲﻋﻮﻨﺼﻣ ﻪﻳﻮﻬﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ﻲﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ ﺮﻄﺧ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ
ﯽﻣ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ] ۳۵ [ . ﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﯽﻨﻌﻣ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ،ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪ
ﺲﻨﺟ ﻭﺩ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ
ﺩﺍﺪﻧ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻲﻋﻮﻨﺼﻣ ﻪﻳﻮﻬﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ﻲﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ ﺯﻭﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ .
ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺪﻳﺎﺷ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺒﻧ ﻲﻓﺎﻛ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ،ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻪﺑ ﺯﺎﻴﻧ ،ﻲﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ ﺯﻭﺮﺑ ﺮﺑ ﺲﻨﺟ ﺮﺛﺍ ﺡﺮﻃ ﺎﺑ ﻩﺍﺮﻤﻫ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻭ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﻲﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺮﺘﺸﻴ
.
ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺕﺪﺷ ﻱﺩﺪﻌﺘﻣ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺯﺮﻄﺧ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻜﻳ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ
ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﻲﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﻲﻋﻮﻨﺼﻣ ﻪﻳﻮﻬﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ﻲﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﺪﻧﺍ
] ۳۰ [ . ﻩﺮﻤﻧ
ﻱﻻﺎﺑ ،ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺕﺪﺷ ۱۵
ﺎﺗ ۳۳ % ﻞﻗﺎﻧ ﺖﻟﺎﺣ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﺮﻄﺧ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ
ﻞﻴﺳﺎﺑ ﻡﺮﮔ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﺑ ﻲﻔﻨﻣ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺍﺮﻤﻫ ﻱﺯﺍﻮﻫ ]
۳۶ [ . ﺎﺑ ،ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ
ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ،ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ T
ﻪﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻼﺘﺒﻣ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ
ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺕﺪﺷ ﻩﺮﻤﻧ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻼﺘﺑﺍ ﻡﺪﻋ ﻭ ﻲﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ .
ﻲﻨﻌﻳ
ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻱﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺕﺪﺷ ﻩﺮﻤﻧ ،ﻲﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ ﻪﺑ ﻼﺘﺒﻣ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺪﻨﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻼﺘﺒﻣﺮﻴﻏ .
ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺕﺪﺷ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ
ﻲﻣ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻋﻮﻨﺼﻣ ﻪﻳﻮﻬﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ﻲﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ ﺯﻭﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺍ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ .
ﻩﺪﺸﻧ ﻼﺘﺒﻣ ﻲﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺭﺩ ،ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺕﺪﺷ
ﻦﻴﺋﺎﭘ ﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ،ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻼﺘﺒﻣ ﻭ ﻲﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ ﻪﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻼﺘﺒﻣ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺑ ﺮﺗ
ﯽﻨﻌﻣ ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ ،ﻩﺪﺸﻧ ﺩﻮﺑ ﺭﺍﺩ
. ﻴﺑ ،ﻦﻳﺪﻳﺰﮕﻫﺮﻠﮐ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻣﺍ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻤ
ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺪﺸﻧ ﻼﺘﺒﻣ ﻲﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ ﻪﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺕﺪﺷ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ،ﻩﺪﺸﻧ ﻼﺘﺒﻣ ﻭ ﻲﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ ﻪﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻼﺘﺒﻣ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ
ﺪﺸﻧ . ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ ،ﺮﺸﻴﻓ ﻖﻴﻗﺩ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺱﺭﺮﻳﺩ ﻲﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻲﻜﻤﻧ ﻡﺮﺳ ﻭ ﻦﻳﺪﻳﺰﮕﻫﺮﻠﮐ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ
) ۰۵ / ۰ p<
.(
ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺱﺭﺮﻳﺩ ﻲﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ ﺯﻭﺮﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ
ﮒﺮﻣ ﻭ ﻦﻳﺪﻳﺰﮕﻫﺮﻠﮐ ﻪﻳﻮﺸﻧﺎﻫﺩ ﻪﮐ ﻲﻫﻭﺮﮔ ﺭﺩ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺍﺮﻤﻫ ﻱﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﺮﻴﻣ
ﻲﻣ ﺖﻓﺎﻳﺭﺩ ﺩﻮﺑ ﺮﺘﻤﮐ ،ﺪﻧﺩﺮﮐ
. ﻢﮐ ﺪﻳﺎﺷ ﻪﻟﺎﺴﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻞﻴﻟﺩ ﺭﺎﺑ ﻥﺪﺷ
ﻪﻟﻮﻟ ﻑﺎﮐ ﻑﺍﺮﻃﺍ ﻢﻠﻴﻓﻮﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺑﻭﺮﮑﻴﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺷﺍﺮﺗ
. ﺏﻭﺮﮑﻴﻣ ﻊﻤﺠﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﮐ ﻑﺍﺮﻃﺍ ﻢﻠﻴﻓﻮﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻲﻣ ،ﻑﺎ
ﻥﻮﻴﺳﺍﺮﻴﭙﺳﺁ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻥﻭﺪﺑ ﻲﺘﺣ ﺪﻨﻧﺍﻮﺗ
ﻪﻳﺭ ﺩﺭﺍﻭ ،ﺩﻮﻬﺸﻣ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﻲﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺎﻫ
. ﻥﮊﻮﺗﺎﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻢﻴﻘﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﻟﺎﺣﺭﺩ ؛ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺱﺭﺮﻳﺩ ﻲﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﻝﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻢﻠﻴﻓﻮﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ
ﻱﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ،ﺱﺭﺩﻭﺯ ﻉﻮﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ
ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ﻱﺎﻫ
ـــــ ـــــــــ ـــ
ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﻥﺎﻫﺩ ﺕﺎﻧﻮﮐﻮﻠﮔ ﻦﻳﺪﻳﺰﮕﻫﺮﻠﻛ ﻪﻳﻮﺷ ﺭﺩ
ﻱﺮﻴﮕﺸﻴﭘ ﺯﺍ ﺯﻭﺮﺑ ﯽﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻳﻮﻬﺗ ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺕﺪﺷ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺁ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻭ ﺱﺭﺮﻳﺩ ﻲﻋﻮﻨﺼﻣ
۸۵
ﻲﻣ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ . ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺎﺸﻧ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺎﮕﻴﺳ ﻑﺮﺼﻣ ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥ
ﻪﻳﻮﻬﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ﻲﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ ﺯﻭﺮﺑ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﺮﺑ ،ﻲﻜﻴﻧﺎﻜﻣ ﻪﻳﻮﻬﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺩﻮﺒﻧ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ ﻲﻋﻮﻨﺼﻣ ۲۰۰۵
ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻪﻛ ﻪﻳﻮﻬﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﻲﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ ﻭ ﺭﺎﮕﻴﺳ ﻲﻠﺒﻗ ﻑﺮﺼﻣ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻱﺍ
ﻩﺩﺮﻜﻧ ﺖﻓﺎﻳ ﻲﻋﻮﻨﺼﻣ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻕﺎﺒﻄﻧﺍ ،ﺪﻧﺍ
] ۱۱ [ . ﻪﺑ ﻧ ﻲﻣ ﺮﻈ ﺪﺳﺭ
ﻪﻳﻮﻬﺗ ﻥﻭﺪﺑ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ ﺯﻭﺮﺑ ﺮﻄﺧ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﻚﻳ ﻪﻛ ﻥﺪﻴﺸﻛﺭﺎﮕﻴﺳ ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧ ﯽﻧﺍﺪﻨﭼ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻲﻜﻴﻧﺎﻜﻣ ﻪﻳﻮﻬﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ؛ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻜﻴﻧﺎﻜﻣ .
ﺭﺩ
ﻲﻣ ﻩﺭﺎﺷﺍ ﻪﺘﻜﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺎﺠﻨﻳﺍ ﻭ ﻩﺎﺗﻮﻛ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻭﺩ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺎﮕﻴﺳ ﻑﺮﺼﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺩﻮﺷ
،ﺕﺎﺤﺷﺮﺗ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﺭﺎﮕﻴﺳ ﺕﺪﻣ ﻩﺎﺗﻮﻛ ﺮﺛﺍ ؛ﺖﺳﺍ ﺕﺪﻣ ﺪﻨﻠﺑ ﺞﻠﻓ ﻙﮋﻣ ﻥﺪﺷ ﺐﻴﺳﺁ ،ﻲﺴﻔﻨﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻢﺘﺴﺴﻴﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺐﻴﺳﺁ ﻭ ﻲﻃﺎﺨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻪﻳﺭ ﻲﻨﻤﻳﺍ ﺖﺳﺍ ] ۱۷ [ ﻲﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﻠﺑ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ ﺯﻭﺮﺑ ﺐﺒﺳ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ
ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻼﺘﺑﺍ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺭﺎﮕﻴﺳ ﻑﺮﺼﻣ ﺕﺪﻣ ﻞﺜﻣ ﻲﺴﻔﻨﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻥﺎﻃﺮﺳ ﻭ ﻪﻳﺭ ﻱﺩﺍﺪﺴﻧﺍ ﻦﻣﺰﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﯽﻣ ﺎﻫ
ﺩﻮﺷ . ﻪﻛ ﺎﺠﻧﺁ ﺯﺍ
ﮕﻴﺳ ﻲﻜﻴﻧﺎﻜﻣ ﻪﻳﻮﻬﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻲﻤﻧ ﻑﺮﺼﻣ ﺭﺎ
ﻩﺎﺗﻮﻛ ﺕﺍﺮﺛﺍ ،ﺪﻨﻨﻛ
ﻲﻤﻧ ﺍﺭ ﺭﺎﮕﻴﺳ ﺕﺪﻣ ﺪﻳﺎﺒﻧ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺍﺭ ﻪﺘﻜﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺎﻣﺍ ؛ﺩﻮﺑ ﺭﻮﺼﺘﻣ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ
،ﻥﺁ ﺕﺪﻣ ﻝﻮﻃ ﻭ ﻱﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﺭﺎﮕﻴﺳ ﻑﺮﺼﻣ ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺮﮐ ﺵﻮﻣﺍﺮﻓ ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮕﻧ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻲﺸﺨﺑﺮﺛﺍ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ .
ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ
ﻪﺑ ﺯﻭﺭ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺎﺑ ﻭﺩ ﻥﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﻛ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻲﻳﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﻪﺑ ،ﻦﻳﺪﻳﺰﮕﻫﺮﻠﻛ ﻝﻮﻠﺤﻣ
ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻋﻮﻨﺼﻣ ﻪﻳﻮﻬﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ﻲﻧﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ ﺯﻭﺮﺑ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻬﺟﻮﺗ ﺖﺒﻗﺍﺮﻣ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﻩﮋﻳﻭ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻝﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺭﺩ
ﻲﮑﻤﻧ ﻡﺮﺳ ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧ
. ﯽﻣ ،ﺮﺗﺪﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻤﺴﺟ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻣﺍ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .
ﻲﻧﺍﺩﺭﺪﻗ ﻭ ﺮﮑﺸﺗ :
ﺖﺒﻗﺍﺮﻣ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺶﮑﺘﻤﺣﺯ ﻥﺎﻨﮐﺭﺎﮐ ﺯﺍ
ﻩﮋﻳﻭ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻪﺑ ،ﻥﺎﻤﻘﻟ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻥﺎﺠﻴﻠﻋ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﻱﺎﻗﺁ ﺏﺎﻨﺟ ﺹﻮﺼﺧ
ﻪﺑ ﻩﺩﺍﺯ ﺮﻃﺎﺧ
ﺯﺍ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻞﻤﺤﺘﻣ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻩﺍﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﻲﻧﺍﻭﺍﺮﻓ ﺕﺎﻤﺣﺯ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﻧﻮﻔﻋ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻴﺘﺳﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻣ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﻲﮑﺷﺰﭘ
ﯽﻣ ﻞﻤﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻧﺍﺩﺭﺪﻗ ﻭ ﺮﮑﺸﺗ ﺪﻧﺪﻧﺎﺳﺭ ﻱﺭﺎﻳ ﺪﻳﺁ
. ﻲﻧﺍﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻩﮋﻳﻭ ﺮﮑﺸﺗ
ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻱﻭﺭ ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ،ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ .
ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ
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