Entomological Society of Iran Research Article pISSN: 0259-9996
2022, 42 (2), 147−155 https://doi.org.10.52547/jesi.42.2.3 eISSN: 2783-3968
Corresponding author: Mostafa Maroufpoor (E-mail: [email protected])
يﺮﮔرﺎﮑﺷ خﺮﻧ يور ﺎﻣد ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﻪﻨﮐ
ﺮﮔرﺎﮑﺷ
(Acari: Phytoseiidae)Amblyseius swirskii
ﻪﻨﮐ زا ﻪﯾﺬﻐﺗ ﺎﺑ
(Acari: Tetranychidae) Tetranychus urticae
فوﺮﻌﻣ ﯽﻔﻄﺼﻣ رﻮﭘ
و يداﺮﻣ دﺎﺷﺮﻓ
هﺎﯿﮔ هوﺮﮔ ﺷﺰﭘ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد يزروﺎﺸﮐ هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد ﯽﮑ نﺎﺘﺳدﺮﮐ
، جﺪﻨﻨﺳ اﺮﯾا ، ن
[email protected] https://www.orcid.org/0000-0001-6677-7267
ﺎﺗ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻪﭽﺨﯾر
ﺖﻓﺎﯾرد : 17 / 08 /1 140
شﺮﯾﺬﭘ : 22 /9 0/
1 140
ﯽﺼﺼﺨﺗ ﺮﯿﺑد :
ﺎﺿﺮﯿﻠﻋ يرﻮﺒﺻ
هﺪﯿﮑﭼ : لﺎﺳ رد ﺎﻫ ي ﺧا ﯿ
،ﺮ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﺑ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﯿ ژﻮﻟﻮ ﯾ ﮏ اﺮﺑ ي ﺪﻣ ﯾﺮ ﯾ ﺖ ﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ درﻮﻣ تﺎﻓآ ﯿ
ﺮﺘﺸ ي ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ و اﺰﻓا ﻪﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ﯾ ﺶ
ﺎﻫ ﺖﮐﺮﺷ ي ﻟﻮﺗ ﯿﺪ ﺒﻃ نﺎﻨﻤﺷد هﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﯿﻌ
ﯽ رﺎﮑﺷ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ زا ﺎﻫﺮﮔ
.ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ هﺪﯾﺪﭘ زا ﯽﮑﯾ نﺎﻨﻤﺷد بﺎﺨﺘﻧا و ﯽﯾارﺎﮐ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ رد ﻪﮐ ﯽﯾﺎﻫ
ﺟﻮﺗ درﻮﻣ ﺪﯾﺎﺑ ،ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ دﺮﯿﮔ راﺮﻗ ﻪ
ﻧ ، يﺮﮔرﺎﮑﺷ خﺮ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﯽﻣ ﺎﻫﺮﮔرﺎﮑﺷ ﯽﮔﮋﯾو ﻦﯾا يور ﺎﻣد تاﺮﺛا و
ﻪﻨﮐ Athias-Henriot
swirskii Amblyseius ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ يا زا لﺎﻌﻓ يﺎﻫﺮﮔرﺎﮑﺷ ﻠﻋ نﺎﻬﺟ ﺮﺳاﺮﺳ رد ﺮﺿﺎﺣ لﺎﺣ رد ﻪﻧﺎﺨﻠﮔ رد
ﯿﻪ و ﮏﭼﻮﮐ تاﺮﺸﺣ
ﻪﻨﮐ ﺎﻫ ي و ﻪﺑ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﯾ
هﮋ اﺮﺑ ي لﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﻪﻨﮐ ﻦﺗرﺎﺗ ود ﻪﮑﻟ ا ي (TSSM) ، Tetranychus urticae Koch ﻔﺘﺳا
هدﺎ ﻣ ﯽ .دﻮﺷ ﺑاﺮ ي دﻮﺒﻬﺑ
ا هﻮﺒﻧا شروﺮﭘ ﯾ
ﻦ ﻬﺑ و ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﯿ ﻪﻨ زﺎﺳ ي ﺪﻣ رد نآ دﺮﺑرﺎﮐ ﯾﺮ
ﯾ ﺖ ﻔﻠﺗ ﯿﻘ ﯽ ،تﺎﻓآ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ رد ﻪﻨﮐ ﻦﯾا يﺮﮔرﺎﮑﺷ ﺖﯿﻓﺮﻇ ،ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ رد
ﻪﮑﻟ ود ﻦﺗرﺎﺗ ﻪﻨﮐ يا
رد ﻪﺳ ﺎﻣد ي ﺖﺑﺎﺛ 17 ، 22 و 27 ﻪﺟرد سﻮﯿﺴﻠﺳ ، ﺒﺴﻧ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﯽ 70 - 80 ود و ﺪﺻرد رﻮﻧ هر ي 16 ﺖﻋﺎﺳ
ﺎﻨﺷور ﯽﯾ و 8 ﺖﻋﺎﺳ ﯽﮑﯾرﺎﺗ اﺮﺷ رد ﯾ ﻂ ﺎﻣزآ ﯾ ﻫﺎﮕﺸ .ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ ﯽ رد
ﻄﻣ ﻦﯾا ،ﻪﻌﻟﺎ ﻪﻨﮐ زا ﻎﻟﺎﺑ يﺎﻫ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺪﺷ ﺮﻫ و
ﻪﻨﮐ (Qp) هﺪــﺷ ﺪــﯿﻟﻮﺗ جﺎـﺘﻧ ﻪـﺑ هﺪـﺷ هدرﻮـﺧ رﺎﮑـﺷ ﻞﯾﺪـﺒﺗ خﺮـﻧ .ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻪﯾﺬﻐﺗﺖﻓآ ﻪﻨﮐهدﺎﻣ داﺮﻓا زا ﯽﺼﺨﺸﻣ داﺪﻌﺗ ﺎﺑﻎﻟﺎﺑ يور هﺪﻨﻫدنﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﮐ ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﻪﻨﮐ /848 و10/12 ، /771 ﺐﯿﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ سﻮﯿﺴﻠﺳ ﻪﺟرد27 و22 ،17 يﺎﻫﺎﻣد رد ﻦﺗرﺎﺗﻪﻨﮐ زا ﯽﯾﻻﺎﺑ ﺪﺣ
يﺎﻣد رد ﺖﻓآ ﻦﯾا لﺮﺘﻨﮐ 22
.ﺖﺳا سﻮﯿﺴﻠﺳ ﻪﺟرد ﺎﺘﻧ سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ
ﯾﺞ ا ،ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﯾ
ﻦ رد ﺎﺗ ﺖﺴﻫ ردﺎﻗ ﻪﻨﮐ ﯾ
ﮏ ﺎﻣد ﻪﻨﻣاد ﯽﯾ
هدﺮﺘﺴﮔ
، ﺮﺛﻮﻣ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ ي ور ار ي ﻪﻨﮐ ﻦﺗرﺎﺗ ﻪﮑﻟ ود يا ا و ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷاد ﯾ
ﻦ ﻣ ﺮﻣا ﯽ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ زﺎﺳﺎﻫر رد ي ﮔ راﺮﻗ ﺮﻈﻧﺪﻣ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﻠﮔ رد نآ ﯿ
.دﺮ
هژاو يﺎﻫ يﺪﯿﻠﮐ : ﮏﯾژﻮﻟﻮﯿﺑ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ،ﺎﻣد ،
Amblyseius swirskii يﺮﮔرﺎﮑﺷ ﺺﻟﺎﺧ خﺮﻧ ،
Citation: Maroufpoor, M. and Moradi, F. (2022) The impact of temperature on predation rate of Amblyseius swirskii (Acari: Phytoseiidae) fed on Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Acaridae). J. Entomol. Soc. Iran, 42 (2), 147-155.
ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ
ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﯽﺗﺎﯿﺣ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﮏﯾ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ يﺎﻣد ﻦﯾا ﺮﺑ هوﻼﻋ
ﻪﮐ ﻪﻨﮐ و تاﺮﺸﺣ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ نﺎﯾﺎﭘﺪﻨﺑ ﺖﯿﻌﻤﺟ ﯽﯾﺎﯾﻮﭘ ﺮﺑ ﯽﻣ ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ ﺎﻫ
دراﺬﮔ )
Trudgill et al., 2005
( ﯽﻣ . ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ
ﻪﺑ ﺪﻨﯾآﺮﻓ ﻦﯾا ﺖﻋﺮﺳ رد ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﺐﺒﺳ و هدﺮﮐ ﻞﻤﻋ ﯽﺘﺴﯾز يﺎﻫﺪﻨﯾآﺮﻓ كﺮﺤﻣ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﺎﻫ
دﻮﺷ )
Cossins & Bowler, 1987
( ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺚﺤﺑ رد . ﯽﻘﯿﻔﻠﺗ ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﺖﯾدوﺪﺤﻣ ياراد ﺖﺳا ﻦﮑﻤﻣ ﮏﯾژﻮﻟﻮﯿﺑ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﻪﮐ ﯽﯾﺎﺠﻧآ زا ،تﺎﻓآ ﯽﮔﮋﯾو يور ﺎﻣد ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ زا عﻼﻃا ياﺮﺑ ﺖﺳا مزﻻ ،ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﯽﺗراﺮﺣ يﺎﻫ
يرﺎﺘﻓر يﺎﻫ
ﻪﺠﻨﺳاﺮﭘ مﺎﻤﺗ ،ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﻦﯾا ﯽﺘﺴﯾز و ﺷ ﺖﯿﻌﻤﺟ ﯽﺳﺎﺳا يﺎﻫ
ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ظﺎﺤﻟ ﯽﻠﯿﻠﺤﺗ تﺎﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ رد يﺮﮔرﺎﮑﺷ خﺮﻧ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ و يرورﺎﺑ ،ﺪﺷر خﺮﻧ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨ )
Rahimi et
al., 2022
( . ﯽﻣ ﻖﻓﻮﻣ ﯽﮑﯾژﻮﻟﻮﯿﺑ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﮏﯾ ﯽﻧﺎﻣز ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﻪﮐ دﻮﺷ اﺮﺟا ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ
،ﯽﺘﺴﯾز لﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﯽﻤﯿﻠﻗا يﺎﻫ ﻦﯾا رد .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ هﺪﺷ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ،ﺎﻣد هﮋﯾو ﻪﺑ
ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﻦﯿﻨﭼ تﺎﯿﺋﺰﺟ زا ،ﺎﻫ دﻮﺷ ﯽﻣ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا رﺎﮔزﺎﺳ و ﺮﺛﻮﻣ ﮏﯾژﻮﻟﻮﯿﺑ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﮏﯾ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ياﺮﺑ ﯽﯾﺎﻫ
)
Rosen, 1983
؛
Obrycki & Kring, 1998
(.
ﻪﻨﮐ ﻢﻬﻣ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ زا ﺎﻫ رﺎﻤﺷ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻫﺎﯿﮔ تﺎﻓآ ﻦﯾﺮﺗ
ﯽﻣ ﻪﻨﮐ هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ ،ﺎﻬﻧآ ﻦﯿﺑ رد ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧور ) ﻦﺗرﺎﺗ يﺎﻫ
Acari: Tetranychidae
و ﻊﯿﺳو ﯽﻧﺎﺑﺰﯿﻣ ﻪﻨﻣاد ﻦﺘﺷاد ﺎﺑ (
رﺎﺸﺘﻧا ترﺪﻗ ﯽﻣ دراو يزروﺎﺸﮐ تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ عاﻮﻧا ﻪﺑ يﺪﯾﺪﺷ ﺐﯿﺳآ ،ﻻﺎﺑ
ﺪﻨﻨﮐ )
Gerlach & Sengonca, 1986
؛
Han et al., 2003
؛
Jung et al., 2005
( ترﺎﺴﺧ .
ﻪﮑﻟ ود ﻦﺗرﺎﺗ ﻪﻨﮐ يا
(TSSM)
،
Tetranychus urticae Koch
زا ﺶﯿﺑ يور 1000
ﻪﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﻣ ﯽﻫﺎﯿﮔ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ 140
ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﺖﺒﺛ ﯽﻫﺎﯿﮔ هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ )
Sedaratian et al.,
(2011
ﻪﯾﺬﻐﺗ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ . ﭻﯿﭘ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ﻪﻨﮐ ﻦﯾا يا
ﻪﮑﻟ و ﯽﮔدرﻮﺧ يﺎﻫ
گﺮﺑ يور ﯽﻟﻮﻤﻌﻣ درز ﮏﯿﺗوﺮﻠﮐ ﯽﻣ ﺎﻫ
دﻮﺷ )
Khodayari et al., 2008
( گﺮﺑ ،ﻪﯾﺬﻐﺗ ﻪﻣادا ﺎﺑ .
ﺎﻫ T. urticae ﺖﯿﻌﻤﺟ ،ﻦﯾا ﺮﺑ هوﻼﻋ .(Wermelinger et al., 1990) ﺪﻧﺰﯾرﯽﻣ ﺖﯾﺎﻬﻧ رد و هﺪﺷ ﺰﻣﺮﻗ ﺎﯾ درز ﻪﺑ ﻞﯾﺎﻣ ﺎﺗ ﺖﺳا ردﺎﻗ ﻞﺴﻧ ﮏﯾ لﻮﻃ ندﻮﺑ هﺎﺗﻮﮐ ﻞﯿﻟد ﻪﺑ
ﺪﺳﺮﺑ يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا ترﺎﺴﺧ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻊﯾﺮﺳ )
Azadi Dana et al., 2018
( . ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺖﻣوﺎﻘﻣ زوﺮﺑ ﻪﻨﮐ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺖﻓآ ﻦﯾا
ﺶﮐ ﺞﯾار يﺎﻫ )
Roy et al., 1999
( ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ،
ﻮﻣ ﯽﻘﯿﻔﻠﺗ ﻪﻨﮐ زا ،ﯽﻋارز تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ رد .ﺖﺳا زﺎﯿﻧ درﻮﻣ ﮏﯾژﻮﻟﻮﯿﺑ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﺮﺑ ﺪﯿﮐﺎﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺮﺛ ) ﺪﯿﺋوزﻮﺘﯿﻓ هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ يﺎﻫ
phytoseiid
ژﻮﻟﻮﯿﺑ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ ياﺮﺑ (
ﮏﯾ مﺎﺠﻧا يﺎﻫﺶﻫوﮋﭘ .(Rahimi et al., 2022 ؛Fathipour et al., 2017 ؛Kogan et al., 1999 )دﻮﺷﯽﻣ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻦﺗرﺎﺗ يﺎﻫﻪﻨﮐ ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻦﺷور ،زوﺮﻣا ﻪﺑ ﺎﺗ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ
ﻪﻨﮐ ترﺎﺴﺧ ﻪﮐ نﺎﯾز يﺎﻫ
آ ﯽﻣ ار رو ﻧ ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ نﺎﻨﻤﺷد زا ﺖﯾﺎﻤﺣ و ﻆﻔﺣ ﺎﺑ ناﻮﺗ ﻪﻨﮐ ﺮﯿﻈ
دروآرد لﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺎﻬﻧآ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ و ﺪﯿﺋزﻮﺘﯿﻓ ﺮﮔرﺎﮑﺷ يﺎﻫ )
Rahmani et al.,
(2010
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺮﺜﮐا . ﻪﻨﮐ ﻦﯾا يﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ناواﺮﻓ ﺖﯿﻌﻤﺟ ﻪﺑ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ رد راﺮﻘﺘﺳا ياﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ
نﺎﮑﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺎﯾ رﺎﮑﺷ رﻮﻀﺣ مﺪﻋ مﺎﮕﻨﻫ رد و ﺪﻧراﺪﻧ جﺎﯿﺘﺣا رﺎﮑﺷ يﺎﻫ ﺮﮕﯾد يﺎﻫ
تﺮﺟﺎﻬﻣ ﯽﻣ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ )
; Colfer et al., 2003Tixier et al., 2006
( ﻪﻧﻮﮔ زا ﻪﯾﺬﻐﺗ ﻪﺑ ردﺎﻗ ﺎﯾ و چرﺎﻗ رﻮﭙﺳا ،تﻼﻏ هدﺮﮔ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﺮﮕﯾد ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ و ﻦﯾﺰﮕﯾﺎﺟ يﺎﻫ
،ﺎﻫ Amblyseiusswirskii ﻪﻨﮐ .(Bouras & Papadoulis, 2005) ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑﯽﻣ ﯽﻫﺎﯿﮔ ﻪﺤﺷﺮﺘﻣ داﻮﻣ ﺮﯾﺎﺳ و تاﺮﺸﺣ ﻎﻟﺎﺑﺎﻧ ﻞﺣاﺮﻣ ﯽﻧﺎﺑﺰﯿﻣ ﻪﻨﻣاد ﺎﺑ ﺪﯿﺋوزﻮﺘﯿﻓ ﮏﯾ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ
ﻪﻨﮐ زا ﯽﮑﯾ ،ﻊﯿﺳو يﺎﻫ
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻪﺑ هدﻮﻟآ نﺎﻫﺎﯿﮔ رد ﺐﻠﻏا ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﯽﺗادراو ﻪﻨﮐ و (ﺲﭙﯾﺮﺗ و ﮏﻟﺎﺑﺪﯿﻔﺳ) تاﺮﺸﺣ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﯽﻣ راﺮﻗ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا درﻮﻣ ﻦﺗرﺎﺗ يﺎﻫ
دﺮﯿﮔ (Rahimi et al., 2022 ؛Nomikou et al., 2001)
و ﯽﻏﺎﺑ تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ يور و ﺖﺳا ﻪﯿﮐﺮﺗ و سﺮﺒﻗ ،نﺎﻧﻮﯾ ،ﺮﺼﻣ ،ﺎﯿﻟﺎﺘﯾا ،ﻦﯿﻄﺴﻠﻓ يﺎﻫرﻮﺸﮐ ﯽﻣﻮﺑ ﻪﻨﮐ ﻦﯾا .
ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﯽﻋارز ﯽﻣ ﺖﻓﺎﯾ ﻪﺒﻨﭘ و تﺎﺠﯾﺰﺒﺳ ،تﺎﺒﮐﺮﻣ ،ﺐﯿﺳ
دﻮﺷ )
EPPO, 2013
( دراد ار ﻪﻠﻤﺣ خﺮﻧ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ و ﯽﺑﺎﯿﺘﺳد نﺎﻣز ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﺮﮔرﺎﮑﺷ ﻪﻨﮐ ﻦﯾا .
)
Fathipour et al., 2017
( ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﯽﻤﯿﻠﻗا ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ ﺎﺑ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ رد ﻪﻨﮐ ﻦﯾا زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ،ﺮﯿﺧا لﺎﺳ ﺪﻨﭼ رد . عﻮﻨﺘﻣ تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ يور و
ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ شﺮﺘﺴﮔ
)
Buitenhuis et al., 2015
( .
ﻢﻬﻣ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ زا .دروآ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑ ﯽﺗﺎﻋﻼﻃا ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ نﺎﻨﻤﺷد ﯽﯾارﺎﮐ زا ﺪﯾﺎﺑ ،ﮏﯾژﻮﻟﻮﯿﺑ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﮏﯾ زﺎﻏآ زا ﺶﯿﭘ ﯽﮔﮋﯾو ﻦﯾﺮﺗ
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ يرﺎﺘﻓر يﺎﻫ
، ناﺰﯿﻣ
رﺎﮑﺷ ﯽﯾﺎﻧاﻮﺗ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا ياﺮﺑ ﺎﻬﻧآ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا يﺮﮔرﺎﮑﺷ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺮﺑ ﯽﻄﯿﺤﻣ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ و (يﺮﮔرﺎﮑﺷ خﺮﻧ) ﻪﻤﻌﻃ زا ﺮﮔرﺎﮑﺷ ﻪﯾﺬﻐﺗ و تﺎﻓآ ﺖﯿﻌﻤﺟ ﻢﯿﻈﻨﺗ رد ﺎﻫﺮﮔ
دراد ﺖﯿﻤﻫا رﺎﮑﺷ ﺖﯿﻌﻤﺟ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ رد ﺎﻬﻧآ ﯽﯾارﺎﮐ ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ يﺮﮔرﺎﮑﺷ خﺮﻧ.
هﺪﻨﻫد ﻪﯾﺬﻐﺗ ﺖﯿﻓﺮﻇ ﺖﺳا رﺎﮑﺷ زا ﻪﯾﺬﻐﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺮﮔرﺎﮑﺷ صﺎﺧ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﮏﯾ يا
)
Farhadi et
al., 2011
(.
راﺮﻗ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا درﻮﻣ ﺪﯾﺎﺑ ﺮﻤﻋ لﻮﻃ رد نآ يﺮﮔرﺎﮑﺷ ﺖﯿﻓﺮﻇ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ و ﺮﮔرﺎﮑﺷ ﮏﯾ ﻪﻧازور فﺮﺼﻣ ناﺰﯿﻣ ،يﺮﮔرﺎﮑﺷ خﺮﻧ تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﺖﺳرد ﻒﯿﺻﻮﺗ ياﺮﺑ
دﺮﯿﮔ )
Chi and Yang, 2003
( . ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﯽﻤﮐ يﺎﻫ ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ مﺎﺠﻧا ﻪﻨﮐ ﻦﯾا ﯽﺘﺴﯾز يﺮﮔرﺎﮑﺷ خﺮﻧ يور ﺎﻣد تاﺮﺛا درﻮﻣ رد ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ نﺎﻘﻘﺤﻣ
)
Fathipour et
al., 2017
؛
Afshar & Latifi, 2017
( ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا رد اﺬﻟ . فﺮﺼﻣ ناﺰﯿﻣ زا ﯽﻫﺎﮔآ ﻦﻤﺿ ﺎﻬﻧآ ﻦﯿﺑ ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ و ﺎﻣد تاﺮﺛا صﻮﺼﺧ رد ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺎﺗ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﯽﻌﺳ
ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ ﺮﮔرﺎﮑﺷ ﻦﯾا يزﺎﺳﺎﻫر نﺎﻣز ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻬﺑ ،ﺎﻣد ﺮﻫ رد رﺎﮑﺷ .دﺮﯿﮔ راﺮﻗ
شور و داﻮﻣ ﺎﻫ
ﻪﻨﮐ شروﺮﭘ Tetranychusurticae
. ﻪﻨﮐ اﺪﺘﺑا رد ،ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا مﺎﺠﻧا ياﺮﺑ ﻪﮑﻟ ود ﻦﺗرﺎﺗ يﺎﻫ
يا
Tetranychus urticae Koch
رد ،جﺪﻨﻨﺳ رد رﺎﯿﺧ عراﺰﻣ زا ،
لﺎﺳ 1397 ياﺮﺑ ،هﺎﮕﺸﯾﺎﻣزآ رد ﺖﯿﻌﻤﺟ ﻪﯿﻬﺗ و راﺮﻘﺘﺳا يﺎﺘﺳار رد .ﺪﺷ يروآ ﻊﻤﺟ شروﺮﭘ
ﻪﻨﮐ ﻦﺗرﺎﺗ ﻪﮑﻟ ود ) يا (TSSM
زا هﺎﯿﮔ ﻢﺸﭼ ﺎﯿﺑﻮﻟ ﯽﻠﺒﻠﺑ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا هﺎﺠﻨﭘ .ﺪﺷ
ﺎﯿﺑﻮﻟ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ
Phaseolus vulgaris L
دوﺪﺣ يوﺎﺣ يﺎﻫ ناﺪﻠﮔ رد 30
ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺳﺎﻣ و هﺪﯿﺳﻮﭘ ﯽﻧاﻮﯿﺣ دﻮﮐ ،كﺎﺧ زا طﻮﻠﺨﻣ مﺮﮔﻮﻠﯿﮐ 1:1:1
ﻪﻨﮐ ﺎﺑ ﺲﭙﺳ .ﺪﺷ ﻪﯿﻬﺗ ﻦﺗرﺎﺗ
.ﺪﻧﺪﺷ هدﻮﻟآ ناﺪﻠﮔ
ﺎﻫ رد ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ هرود يرﻮﻧ 14:10 ﯽﺒﺴﻧ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ،ﺖﻋﺎﺳ (ﯽﯾﺎﻨﺷور:ﯽﮑﯾرﺎﺗ) 5
55±
يﺎﻣد و ﺪﺻرد 1
26±
يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﺪﺷر ﮏﻗﺎﻃا رد سﻮﯿﺴﻠﺳ ﻪﺟرد
ﻪﭽﻫﺎﯿﮔ .ﺪﻧﺪﺷ يﺎﻫ
6 ﺎﺗ 8 ياﺮﺑ ﯽﮔﺮﺑ ﻪﻨﮐ شروﺮﭘ
ﻪﮑﻟ ود ﻦﺗرﺎﺗ زا ﻞﺴﻧ ﻪﺳ ياﺮﺑ نآ يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ و ﯽﻠﺒﻠﺑ ﻢﺸﭼ ﺎﯿﺑﻮﻟ هﺎﯿﮔ يور ﯽﻨﻠﮐ ﻞﯿﮑﺸﺗ زا ﺲﭘ .ﺪﻧﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا يا
ﻪﻨﮐ ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ مﺎﺠﻧا ياﺮﺑ دﻮﺟﻮﻣ يﺎﻫ .ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﻫ
ﻪﻨﮐ شروﺮﭘ ﺮﮔرﺎﮑﺷ ي
swirskii Amblyseius
. ﻪﻨﮐ ﺮﮔرﺎﮑﺷ ي
A. swirskii
تﺮﭘﻮﮐ ﺖﮐﺮﺷ زا )
Koppert Bilogical Systems
( و ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ ﻪﯿﻬﺗ ﺪﻨﻠﻫ
ﻪﺑ ﻪﺒﻌﺟ زا ،شروﺮﭘ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ دﺎﻌﺑا ﻪﺑ و ﮏﯿﺘﺳﻼﭘ ﺲﻨﺟ زا ﻞﯿﻄﺘﺴﻣ ﺐﻌﮑﻣ يﺎﻫ
15
× 25
× 35 ﯽﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺘﻣ ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا شروﺮﭘ فوﺮﻇ ناﻮﻨﻋ )
Farazmand et al.,
(2020
ﻪﺒﻌﺟ برد . ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﻪﭼرﺎﭘ ﻪﻠﯿﺳو ﻪﺒﻨﭘ ﻪﺑ بآ يراﺪﻘﻣ ﻪﻧازور و ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا بآ زا عﺎﺒﺷا ﻪﺒﻨﭘ ﻪﯾﻻ ﮏﯾ زا ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﻦﯿﻣﺎﺗ ياﺮﺑ .ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ دوﺪﺴﻣ يرﻮﺗ
ﻪﻓﺎﺿا ﺎﻫ
.ﺪﺷ ( Glyceel )ﻞﯿﺴﯿﻠﮔ مﺎﻨﺑ ﯽﮕﻧرهﺎﯿﺳ هدﺎﻣ زا دﻮﺷﯽﻣ بﻮﺴﺤﻣ ﺎﻬﻧآ شروﺮﭘ رد هﺪﻤﻋ تﻼﮑﺸﻣ زا ﯽﮑﯾ ﻪﮐ ﺎﻫﻪﻨﮐ راﺮﻓ زا يﺮﯿﮔﻮﻠﺟ ياﺮﺑ ﺖﯿﺻﺎﺧ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا
ﺖﺷاد ﯽﮔﺪﻨﻨﮐرود ﯽﻣ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا هﻮﯿﻣ تﺎﻏﺎﺑ رد تﺎﻓآ ﯽﺑﺎﯾدر ياﺮﺑ نآ زا و هدﻮﺑ اﺰﻠﮐ ﻦﻏور يوﺎﺣ هدﺎﻣ ﻦﯾا .
ﺪﻨﻨﮐ )
Maroufpoor, 2016
( ﻪﺒﻌﺟ هراﻮﯾد . ﺎﺑ شروﺮﭘ يﺎﻫ
ﯽﻣ ﻪﺘﺸﻏآ هدﺎﻣ ﻦﯾا ﻪﻨﮐ نﺪﻣآ ﻻﺎﺑ زا ﺎﺗ ﺪﺷ
هراﻮﯾد زا ﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ و ﺪﺷ هداد راﺮﻗ ﺮﮔرﺎﮑﺷ ﻪﻨﮐ ﯽﺘﺴﯾز ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻞﺣاﺮﻣ ،شروﺮﭘ فﺮﻇ ﺮﻫ نورد .دﻮﺷ يﺮﯿﮔﻮﻠﺟ ﺎﻬﻧآ راﺮﻓ و ﺎﻫ
گﺮﺑ زا ،ﻪﯾﺬﻐﺗ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﻨﮐ ﻪﺑ هدﻮﻟآ يﺎﯿﺑﻮﻟ يﺎﻫ
ﻪﮑﻟ ود يا ﻔﻫ رد رﺎﺑ ﻪﺳ .ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا گﺮﺑ ﻪﺘ
ﻪﺒﻌﺟ ﻪﺑ هدﻮﻟآ هزﺎﺗ يﺎﻫ ﯽﻣ ﻪﻓﺎﺿا ﺎﻫ
ﻪﺒﻌﺟ .ﺪﺷ ﺎﺑ ﺪﺷر ﮏﻗﺎﺗا رد ﺎﻫ
يﺎﻣد 1 25± يرﻮﻧ هرود و سﻮﯿﺴﻠﺳ ﻪﺟرد 16:8
ﺖﻋﺎﺳ (ﯽﯾﺎﻨﺷور:ﯽﮑﯾرﺎﺗ) ﯽﺒﺴﻧ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر و
5 60± .ﺪﻧﺪﺷ هداد راﺮﻗ ﺪﺻرد
ﯽﺸﯾﺎﻣزآﺪﺣاو .
يﺮﺘﭘ ،ﯽﺸﯾﺎﻣزآ يﺎﻫﺪﺣاو ﺶﯾد
ﺮﻄﻗ ﻪﺑ يﺎﻫ 9
ﯽﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻻ ﮏﯾ ﺎﺑ نآ ﻒﮐ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ ﺮﺘﻣ هﺮﯾﺰﺟ ﻞﮑﺷ ﻪﺑ)دﻮﺑ هﺪﺷ هﺪﯿﺷﻮﭘ ،ﺲﯿﺧ ﻪﺒﻨﭘ زا ﻪﯾ
ﺲﭙﺳ .(
گﺮﺑ ﺮﻄﻗ ﻪﺑ ﺎﯿﺑﻮﻟ يﺎﻫ 4
ﯽﺘﻧﺎﺳ گﺮﺑ رود و هﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺷاﺬﮔ نآ يور ﺮﺘﻣ ﻪﻨﮐ راﺮﻓ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺒﻨﭘ ﻪﻠﯿﺳو ﻪﺑ ﺰﯿﻧ ﺎﻫ
يﺮﺘﭘ ﻞﺧاد ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﻆﻔﺣ ياﺮﺑ و ﺪﺷ هﺪﯿﺷﻮﭘ ﺎﻫ
ﺎﻫ ( .Afshar & Latifi, 2017) ﺪﻧﺪﺷﯽﻣ ﺲﯿﺧ ﺎﻫﻪﺒﻨﭘ ﺐﺗﺮﻣ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻧازور
ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ يﺮﮔرﺎﮑﺷ خﺮﻧ يﺎﻫ .
،ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ ﻦﯾا مﺎﺠﻧا ياﺮﺑ 50
) ﻦﺴﻤﻫ ﻢﺨﺗ دﺪﻋ 12
ﺮﮔرﺎﮑﺷ ﻪﻨﮐ ي( ﻪﺘﻋﺎﺳ گﺮﺑ يور
ﻪﻧﺎﮔاﺪﺟ ترﻮﺼﺑ ﻦﺗرﺎﺗ ﻪﻨﮐ ﻪﺑ هدﻮﻟآ يﺎﻫ
ﺮﮔرﺎﮑﺷ ﻪﻨﮐ (هدﺎﻣ و ﺮﻧ) ﻎﻟﺎﺑ داﺮﻓا ،ﻪﯿﻟوا ﯽﻨﻠﮐ زا ﺲﭙﺳ .ﺪﺷ هداد راﺮﻗ
swirskii
. ﺘﻨﻣ (هﺮﯾﺰﺟ) ﯽﺸﯾﺎﻣزآ يﺎﻫﺪﺣاو ﻪﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﮔاﺪﺟ ترﻮﺼﺑ A
لﻮﻃ رد و هﺪﯾدﺮﮔ ﻞﻘ
هدﺎﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ ﻪﻨﮐ ﻎﻟﺎﺑ يﺎﻫ
T. urticae
ﺖﺑﺎﺛ رﻮﻄﺑ ﻪﻧازور .ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻪﯾﺬﻐﺗ ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ هدﺮﮑﻧ يﺮﯿﮕﺘﻔﺟ زﻮﻨﻫ ﻪﮐ 20
ﻪﻨﮐ دﺪﻋ ﻎﻟﺎﺑ هدﺎﻣ هﺮﯾﺰﺟ ﻪﺑ ﻦﺗرﺎﺗ ﯽﻣ ﻪﻓﺎﺿا ﺎﻫ
زا .ﺪﺷ
هﺮﯾﺰﺟ ﻪﻨﮐ داﺪﻌﺗ و ﺪﺷ ﺪﯾدزﺎﺑ ﻪﻧازور ﺎﻫ ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ .ﺪﻧﺪﺷ شرﺎﻤﺷ هﺪﻧز يﺎﻫ
دﺮﻓ ﻦﯾﺮﺧآ گﺮﻣ ﺎﺗ ﺎﻫ )ﯽﻨﺳ هﮋﯾو يﺮﮔرﺎﮑﺷ خﺮﻧ ﺮﯾدﺎﻘﻣ .ﺪﺷ ﺖﺒﺛ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ و ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﻪﻣادا
Kx
( C0)يﺮﮔرﺎﮑﺷ ﺺﻟﺎﺧ خﺮﻧ ،x ﻦﺳ رد ﺮﮔرﺎﮑﺷ ﮏﯾ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ هﺪﺷ فﺮﺼﻣ ﻪﻤﻌﻃ داﺪﻌﺗ ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ
هرود ﻞﮐ رد ﺮﮔرﺎﮑﺷ ﮏﯾ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ هﺪﺷ فﺮﺼﻣ ﻪﻤﻌﻃ ﺎﺑ ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ (
) ﺮﮔرﺎﮑﺷ هﺪﺷ ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ جﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﺑ هﺪﺷ هدرﻮﺧ رﺎﮑﺷ ﻞﯾﺪﺒﺗ خﺮﻧ و ﯽﮔﺪﻧز
Qp
( ﯽﻣ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻫﺎﮕﺸﯾﺎﻣزآ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ رد ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺪﺷ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺮﯾز حﺮﺷ
)
2003 Chi & Yang,
؛
Farhadi et al., 2011
:(
ﯽﻨﺳ هﮋﯾو يﺮﮔرﺎﮑﺷ خﺮﻧ .
يﺮﮔرﺎﮑﺷ ﺺﻟﺎﺧ خﺮﻧ .
)2
∑
(=
= δ
0
x x x
0 k l
C
ﻪﮐ و ﺖﯿﻌﻤﺟ ﻦﺳ ﻦﯾﺮﺧآβ Kx
ﺖﺳا ﯽﻨﺳ هﮋﯾو يﺮﮔرﺎﮑﺷ خﺮﻧ
. ﺮﮔرﺎﮑﺷ هﺪﺷ ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ جﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﺑ هﺪﺷ هدرﻮﺧ رﺎﮑﺷ ﻞﯾﺪﺒﺗ خﺮﻧ )3
(
0
p R0
Q =C
هﺪﻧز ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ رد ﺎﺑ
،ﯽﻧﺎﻣ ) ( 2003 Chi & Yang
) ﯽﻨﺳ هﮋﯾو رﺎﮑﺷ ﺺﻟﺎﺧ خﺮﻧ
qx
ﻦﺳ رد ﺮﮔرﺎﮑﺷ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ هﺪﺷ فﺮﺼﻣ ﻪﻤﻌﻃ ﯽﻧزو داﺪﻌﺗ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ار (
x
:دﻮﺷ ﯽﻣ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺮﯾز ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ و ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ ﻒﯾﺮﻌﺗ )
x 4(
x
x l k
q =
يرﺎﻣآ ﻪﯾﺰﺠﺗ شور .
ﻪﺠﻨﺳاﺮﭘ دراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا يﺎﻫﺎﻄﺧ و ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ ﺮﯾدﺎﻘﻣ شور زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ
Bootstrapping
روآﺮﺑ هداد ﻪﯾﺰﺠﺗ ياﺮﺑ .ﺪﺷ د مﺮﻧ زا ﺎﻫ
راﺰﻓا
TWO-
SEX Consumption Rate- MSChart (Chi, 2020)
مﺮﻧ زا ﺎﻫرادﻮﻤﻧ ﻢﺳر ياﺮﺑ راﺰﻓا
SigmaPlot
ﻪﺨﺴﻧ 3 / 12 ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا .
ﺎﺘﻧ ﯾ ﺞ ﺚﺤﺑ و
رد لوﺪﺟ 1 ﻪﻨﮐ داﺪﻌﺗ ﺮﮔرﺎﮑﺷ ﻪﻨﮐ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ هﺪﺷ رﺎﮑﺷ يﺎﻫ
A. swirskii
ﺎﻣد ﻪﺳ رد .ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ هداد نﺎﺸﻧ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫﺎﻣد رد ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ درﻮﻣ ي
فﺮﺼﻣ رﺎﮑﺷ ﻞﮐ خﺮﻧ ،
ﻪﺑ هﺪﺷ ﯽﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ .ﺖﻓﺎﯾ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا يﺮﯿﮕﻤﺸﭼ ترﻮﺻ ﯽﻨﻌﻣ فﻼﺘﺧا ﻪﯾﺬﻐﺗ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ زا ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫﺎﻣد ﻦﯿﺑ رد ﻪﮐ ﺪﻫد
ﻪﺑ .دراد دﻮﺟو يراد ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﻪﮐ يرﻮﻃ
ﻪﺑ ﮏﯾدﺰﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻪﯾﺬﻐﺗ ناﺰﯿﻣ 300
د ﻪﻨﮐ يﺎﻣد ر 27 يﺎﻣد رد ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻦﯾا ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﯽﻟﺎﺣ رد ﻦﯾا ،ﺖﺳا هداد خر سﻮﯿﺴﻠﺳ ﻪﺟرد 17
ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ،سﻮﯿﺴﻠﺳ ﻪﺟرد 92
ﻪﻨﮐ Afshar & Latifi( 2017 .)دﻮﺷﯽﻣ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﻬﻧآ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ هﺪﺷﻪﺘﺸﮐ يﺎﻫﻪﻤﻌﻃ داﺪﻌﺗ ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ زا ﺎﻫﺮﮔرﺎﮑﺷ ﻪﻧازور زﺎﯿﻧ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ ياﺮﺑ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑﯽﻣ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧداد شراﺰﮔ
هدﺎﻣ داﺮﻓا ﻪﯾﺬﻐﺗ ﺮﮔرﺎﮑﺷ ﻪﻨﮐ
A. swirskii
يﺎﻣد رد ﻦﺗرﺎﺗ ﻪﻨﮐ ﻢﺨﺗ زا 30
سﻮﯿﺴﻠﺳ ﻪﺟرد 1223
يﺎﻣد رد ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻦﯾا ،ﺖﺳا هدﻮﺑ ﻢﺨﺗ دﺪﻋ 25
ﻪﺟرد ،سﻮﯿﺴﻠﺳ
1008 ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ .ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﺖﺒﺛ ﻢﺨﺗ دﺪﻋ )
(2016 Maroufpoor
يﺎﻣد رد ﻦﺗرﺎﺗ ﻪﻨﮐ يور ﺮﮔرﺎﮑﺷ ﻦﯾا ﻪﯾﺬﻐﺗ ناﺰﯿﻣ ، 25
ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ سﻮﯿﺴﻠﺳ ﻪﺟرد 183
دﺪﻋ ﯽﻣ ،ﻪﻤﻌﻃ ناﻮﻨﻋﻪﺑ ﻦﺗرﺎﺗ ﻪﻨﮐ ﯽﺘﺴﯾز ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ رد توﺎﻔﺗ ﺮﺑ هوﻼﻋ ،ﺪﯿﺋوزﻮﺘﯿﻓ يﺎﻫﻪﻨﮐ درﻮﻣ ردفﻼﺘﺧا ﻦﯾا ﻞﯾﻻد زا .ﺖﺳا هدﻮﺑ ﻪﻨﮐ رد ﯽﻟﺎﻤﺘﺣا فﻼﺘﺧا ﻪﺑ ناﻮﺗ
ﯽﮔﮋﯾو ،ﺮﮔرﺎﮑﺷ و رﺎﮑﺷ ﺖﯿﻌﻤﺟ يﺎﻫ
ﯾﺰﯿﻓ ﻦﺗرﺎﺗ ﻪﻨﮐ يﺎﻫرﺎﺗ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ و يﺰﯾﺮﻤﺨﺗ ﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ ،مﻮﮑﯾﺮﺗ ﻢﮐاﺮﺗ هﮋﯾو ﻪﺑ رﺎﮑﺷ ﯽﻫﺎﯿﮔ نﺎﺑﺰﯿﻣ ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻤﯿﺷ و ﯽﮑ
دﺮﮐ هرﺎﺷاﺰﯿﻧ )
Sabelis, 1985
؛
McMurtry et al., 2013
؛
Moghadasi et al., 2018
( سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ . ﯽﻣ ﺎﻣد ،ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ
ﻪﺑ ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﻪﯾﺬﻐﺗ ناﺰﯿﻣ رد ﯽﯾاﺰﺳ
) ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷاد لوﺪﺟ
1 ( ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ رد . ﯽﻣ ﺎﻣد ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﻪﺘﺷﺬﮔ يﺎﻫ
ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﻪﺠﻨﺳاﺮﭘ يور ﺮﮔرﺎﮑﺷ ﻪﻨﮐ ﯽﺘﺴﯾز يﺎﻫ
A. swiskii
)
Lee & Gillespie, 2011
؛
Rahimi et al., 2022
( ﻪﻨﮐ ﺮﯾﺎﺳ و ﺮﮔرﺎﮑﺷ يﺎﻫ
ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﺪﯿﺋوزﻮﺘﯿﻓ هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ
Iphiseius degenerans Berlese
)
Tsoukanas et al., 2006
( و
Phytoseiulus persimilis
)
Skirvin & Fenlon, 2003
( ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷاد ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ
, Afshar & Latifi (2017)
ﺮﮔرﺎﮑﺷ ﻪﻨﮐ ﻪﯾﺬﻐﺗ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ شراﺰﮔ
swirskii
. دﺮﯿﮔ ﯽﻣ راﺮﻗ ﺎﻣد ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ A
ﯽﻣ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﻪﯾﺬﻐﺗ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺎﻣد ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ و ﺪﺑﺎﯾ
. ) (2009 Gorji et al
رﻮﭘ ﻞﺣاﺮﻣ ﻪﻧازور فﺮﺼﻣ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧداد نﺎﺸﻧ ﯽﮔ
P. plumifer
ﺎﺑ (ﻒﻤﻧﻮﺗﻮﺋد و ﻒﻤﻧﻮﺗوﺮﭘ)
رﻮﭘ ﻞﺣاﺮﻣ زا ﻪﯾﺬﻐﺗ ﻪﮑﻟود ﻦﺗرﺎﺗ ﻪﻨﮐ ﯽﮔ
يا
T. urtice
فﺮﺼﻣ ناﺰﯿﻣ .ﺖﻓﺎﯾ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺎﻣد ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﻪﻤﻌﻃ ﻞﮐ فﺮﺼﻣ ﺎﻣا ،ﺖﻓﺎﯾ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺎﻣد ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ،ﺮﯿﺠﻧا يور
زا ﺎﻣد ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ هدﺎﻣ ﻪﻧازور 15
ﻪﺑ 35 يﺎﻣد زا هدﺎﻣ رﺎﮑﺷ ﻞﮐ خﺮﻧ ﻪﮐ ﯽﻟﺎﺣ رد ﺖﻓﺎﯾ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا سﻮﯿﺴﻠﺳ ﻪﺟرد 15
ﺎﺗ 25 يﺎﻣد رد و ﺖﻓﺎﯾ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا سﻮﯿﺴﻠﺳ ﻪﺟرد
30 رد و ﺖﻓﺎﯾ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ سﻮﯿﺴﻠﺳ ﻪﺟرد 35
يﺎﻣد رد ﻪﻤﻌﻃ ﻞﮐ فﺮﺼﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧداد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺎﻬﻧآ .ﺖﻓﺎﯾ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا هرﺎﺑود سﻮﯿﺴﻠﺳ ﻪﺟرد 25
سﻮﯿﺴﻠﺳ ﻪﺟرد
.ﺖﺳا ) ( 2011 Ganjisaffar et al
ﯽﮔرﻮﭘ ﻞﺣاﺮﻣ ﻪﻧازور فﺮﺼﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ شراﺰﮔ
Typhlodromus bagdasarjani Wainstein & Arutunjan
رﻮﭘ ﻞﺣاﺮﻣ زا ﻪﻨﮐ ﯽﮔ
T.
urticae
زا ﺎﻣد ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ 15
ﻪﺑ 25 رد ،ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا سﻮﯿﺴﻠﺳ ﻪﺟرد 30
رد ًادﺪﺠﻣ و ﺶﻫﺎﮐ سﻮﯿﺴﻠﺳ ﻪﺟرد 35
ﻓا سﻮﯿﺴﻠﺳ ﻪﺟرد ﺰﯿﻧ ﺎﻬﻧآ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ .ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﺶﯾاﺰ
ﯽﻣ ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ ﺎﻫﺮﮔرﺎﮑﺷ ﻪﻤﻌﻃ فﺮﺼﻣ ﺮﺑ ﺎﻣد ﻪﮐ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻞﯿﻟد ﻪﺑ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻦﯿﻘﻘﺤﻣ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ رد توﺎﻔﺗ ﻦﯾا .دراﺬﮔ
،ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ نﺎﺑﺰﯿﻣ نﺎﻫﺎﯿﮔ ،ﺮﮔرﺎﮑﺷ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ و ﻪﻤﻌﻃ ﯽﮔﺪﻧز ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻞﺣاﺮﻣ ﻪﻤﻌﻃ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ
ﯽﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ )
Mendes et al., 2002
( . ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ار ﻪﯾﺬﻐﺗ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻪﻤﻌﻃ ﻦﯿﯾﺎﭘ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ ناﺮﺒﺟ ياﺮﺑ ﺎﻫﺮﮔرﺎﮑﺷ
ﯽﻣ ﺪﻨﻫد )
Bazgir et al., 2019
( . ﯽﻣ ﺰﯿﻧ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر و يرﻮﻧ هرود ،ﯽﺸﯾﺎﻣزآ ﺪﺣاو عﻮﻧ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﺮﮕﯾد ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﯽﺧﺮﺑ دراﺬﮕﺑ ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ ﺎﻫﺮﮔرﺎﮑﺷ ﻪﯾﺬﻐﺗ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺮﺑ ﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺗ
)
Pernando & Hassell, 1980
( .
ﯽﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ،هدﺎﻣ و ﺮﻧ داﺮﻓا ﻪﯾﺬﻐﺗ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﯽﻨﻌﻣ فﻼﺘﺧا ﻪﮐ ﺪﻫد
ﮔرﺎﮑﺷ خﺮﻧ ﻦﯿﺑ يراد داﺮﻓا و ﺪﺷ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ هدﺎﻣ و ﺮﻧ داﺮﻓا يﺮ
ﺖﺳا ﺖﯿﺴﻨﺟ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺘﺴﺑاو ﻪﻨﮐ ﻦﯾا يﺮﮔرﺎﮑﺷ ﺮﮕﯾد ترﺎﺒﻋ ﻪﺑ .ﺪﻧراد يﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﻪﯾﺬﻐﺗ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺐﺗاﺮﻣ ﻪﺑ هدﺎﻣ )
Nguyen & Shih, 2011
(.
ﺑﻪ يﺎﻣد رد لﺎﺜﻣ ناﻮﻨﻋ
22 80) ﺎﻣد نﺎﻤﻫ رد ﺮﻧ داﺮﻓا ﻪﯾﺬﻐﺗ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ رد ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷﺎﺑﯽﻣ ﻎﻟﺎﺑ ﻦﺗرﺎﺗ ﻪﻨﮐ دﺪﻋ192 هدﺎﻣ داﺮﻓا ﻪﯾﺬﻐﺗ ناﺰﯿﻣ سﻮﯿﺴﻠﺳ ﻪﺟرد رﺎﯿﺴﺑ فﻼﺘﺧا (ﻪﻨﮐ دﺪﻋ
) دراد دﻮﺟو يﺮﯿﮕﻤﺸﭼ لوﺪﺟ
1 ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ .(
) (2017 Afshar & Latifi
يﺎﻫﺎﻣد رد هدﺎﻣ و ﺮﻧ داﺮﻓا ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد نﺎﯿﺑ ﻦﯿﻘﻘﺤﻣ ﻦﯾا .ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ شراﺰﮔ
ﻪﺘﺷاد توﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﻪﯾﺬﻐﺗ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻪﻨﮐ ﻢﺨﺗ زا هدﺎﻣ داﺮﻓا ﻪﯾﺬﻐﺗ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻪﮐ يرﻮﻄﺑ ﺪﻧا
ﻦﺗرﺎﺗ 1008 ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﺎﻣد نﺎﻤﻫ رد ﺮﻧ داﺮﻓا و ﻢﺨﺗ دﺪﻋ 645
درﻮﻣ ار ﻢﺨﺗ دﺪﻋ
)1
∑
(∑
=
= =β β
1
j xj
1
j xj xj
x S
C S k
هداد راﺮﻗ ﻪﯾﺬﻐﺗ نﺪﺑ هزاﺪﻧا ﻪﮐ ﯽﯾﺎﺠﻧآ زا .ﺪﻧا
هدﺎﻣ هدﺎﻣ ،ﺪﻧراد زﺎﯿﻧ يﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ يژﺮﻧا ﻪﺑ ﻢﺨﺗ ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ياﺮﺑ و ﺖﺳا ﺎﻫﺮﻧ زا ﺮﺘﮔرﺰﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻪﯾﺬﻐﺗ رﺎﮑﺷ زا ،ﺎﻫﺮﻧ ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ ود زا ﺶﯿﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﯽﻣ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ )
Nguyen & Shih, 2011
( . ﯽﻣ عﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻦﯾا ﺪﯾﻮﻣ ﺰﯿﻧ ﺎﻣ تاﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ) هﺪﻧز هدﻮﺗ ﺪﺻرد دﺎﺘﻔﻫ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
Biomass
ﻢﺨﺗ ( ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫﺮﮔرﺎﮑﺷ رد هﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺷاﺬﮔ يﺎﻫ
هدﺎﻣ ،دراد ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺑ رﺎﮑﺷ ﻢﺨﺗ هرود لﻮﻃ رد هﮋﯾو ﻪﺑ ،ﺎﻫ
ﯽﻣ ﻪﯾﺬﻐﺗ ﺎﻫﺮﻧ زا ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ،يراﺬﮔ ﻢـﺨﺗ نﺎـﻣز رد ﻪـﯾﺬﻐﺗ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ و ﺪﻨﻨﮐ
ﯽﻣ خر يﺰـﯾر ﺪﻫد
)
Metwally et al.,
؛2005 Hodek & Honêk, 2013
(.
ﻢـﺨﺗ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ لﻮﻃ ﻪﭼﺮﻫ ﯽــﻨﻌﯾ ﻪـﻨﮐ ﮏﯾ يﺰـﯾر
رد ﻪــﯾﺬﻐﺗ ناﺰــﯿﻣ .دراد يﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ يﺮﮔرﺎﮑﺷ خﺮﻧ ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ ﺮﺘـﺸﯿﺑ ﺮﮔرﺎﮑـﺷ ي
ﻢــﺨﺗ نﺎــﻣز اﺰــــﮔ يﺰــــﯾﺮﻤــــﺨﺗ زا ﺪــــﻌﺑ و ﻞــــﺒﻗ نارود زا ﺮﺘــﺸﯿﺑ يﺰــﯾر
ﺖــــﺳا هﺪــــﺷ شر )
Abou-Awad et al., 2001
( ﯽﻨﺳ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ عﻮﻨﺗ .
تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ زا يرﺎﯿﺴﺑ رد ﻪﻤﻌﻃ ﺮﯾﺬﭘ ﺐﯿﺳآ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ و يﺮﮔرﺎﮑﺷ خﺮﻧ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ
)
Hu & Frank, 1997
؛
Clements & Yeargan, 1997
؛
Chi & Yang,
(2003
ﺜﻣ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ . لﺎ
، ) ( 2018 Moghadasi et al
ﺎﺑ هدﺎﻣ داﺮﻓا ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ شراﺰﮔ ﺮﮔرﺎﮑﺷ ﻪﻨﮐ ﻎﻟ
Phytoseiulus persimilis
ﯽﻬﺟﻮﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﺮﻧ داﺮﻓا ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ
ﺮﮕﯾد ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ .ﺖﺳا يﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ يﺮﮔرﺎﮑﺷ خﺮﻧ ياراد شراﺰﮔ نﺎﻘﻘﺤﻣ
ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ )
Rasmy et al., 1991
؛
Naher et al., 2005
؛
Khalequzzaman et al.,
( 2007
ﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﺮﮔرﺎﮑﺷ ﻞﺣاﺮﻣ ﻦﯿﺑ رد رﺎﮑﺷ ناﺰﯿﻣ رد ﯽﻬﺟﻮﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ توﺎﻔﺗ و .ﺪﻨ
خﺮﻧ ﺺﻟﺎﺧ ) ﯽﻨﺳ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ رﺎﮑﺷ
Cx
يرﺎﮑﺷ ﻪﻨﮐ (
swirskii
. ﻪﮑﻟ ود ﻦﺗرﺎﺗ ﻪﻨﮐ يورA
رد يا ﻞﮑﺷ 1 ﯽﻨﺳ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ هﮋﯾو رﺎﮑﺷ خﺮﻧ ﺪﻧور ﻦﯾا .ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ هداد نﺎﺸﻧ
ﻪﻨﮐ داﺪﻌﺗ ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ ﯽﻨﻌﯾ ،ﺪﻫد ﯽﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ار ﻦﺳ رد ﺮﮔرﺎﮑﺷ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ هﺪﺷ فﺮﺼﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ وx
j
ﯽﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ار .ﺪﻫد ﻦﯾا ﺲﮑﻌﻨﻣ رﺎﮑﺷ خﺮﻧ يور ار ﺎﻣد تاﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ ﯽﻨﺤﻨﻣ
ﯽﻣ .ﺪﻨﮐ ﯽﻣ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻪﮐ رﻮﻄﻧﺎﻤﻫ رد رﺎﮑﺷ ناﺰﯿﻣ .ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺎﻣد ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ يرﺎﮑﺷ ﻪﻨﮐ ﻦﯾا ﻪﯾﺬﻐﺗ ناﺰﯿﻣ دﻮﺷ
30 ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﺞﯾرﺪﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺲﭙﺳ و دﻮﺑ ﻻﺎﺑ لوا زور
) ﺖﻓﺎﯾ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﻦﺳ ﻞﮑﺷ
1 ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ .(
يﺎﻫ
Fathipour et al. (2017)
و ) (2017 Afshar & Latifi
ﯽﻣ ﺪﯿﯾﺎﺗ ار هﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﺴﯾﻮﻧ ﻦﯾا .ﺪﻨﮐ
رد ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧداد نﺎﺸﻧ نﺎﮔﺪﻨ
ﺮﻤﻋ لﻮﻃ
A. swirskii
داﺪﻌﺗ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ .ﺖﺷاد ﯽﺸﻫﺎﮐ ﺲﭙﺳ و يدﻮﻌﺻ ﺪﻧور ﺮﮔرﺎﮑﺷ ﻪﯾﺬﻐﺗ ﻪﻤﻌﻃ فﺮﺼﻣ خﺮﻧ ،ﯽﮔﺪﻧز ﻂﺳاوا ﺎﺗ ﻦﯿﻐﻟﺎﺑ رﻮﻬﻇ ﻞﯾاوا زا ﻦﺳ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ
ﻪﻤﻌﻃ يﺎﻫﺎﻣد رد هﺪﺷ هدرﻮﺧ يﺎﻫ 17
، 22 و 27 ﻦﯿﻨﺳ رد ﺐﯿﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ هدﺎﻣ داﺮﻓا ﻂﺳﻮﺗ سﻮﯿﺴﻠﺳ ﻪﺟرد 8
، 11 و 12 .ﺖﺳا هدﻮﺑ ﯽﮔزور
لوﺪﺟ 1 - ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ ) (± SE
هدﺎﻣ و ﺮﻧ داﺮﻓا يﺮﮔرﺎﮑﺷ خﺮﻧ ﺮﮔرﺎﮑﺷ ﻪﻨﮐ
Amblyseius swirskii
يا ﻪﮑﻟ ود ﻦﺗرﺎﺗ ﻪﻨﮐ زا ﻪﯾﺬﻐﺗ ﺎﺑ
Tetranychus urticae
يﺎﻣد ﻪﺳ رد
Table 1. Mean (± SE) predation rate of Amblyseius swirskii male and female fed on Tetranychus urticae at three constant temperatures ﺖﺑﺎﺛ
Temperature (°C) Gender
27 22
17
299.93
±
5.48Aa 192.17
±
5.92Ab 92.33±6.56Ac
Female
90.22
±
6.32Ba 80.26
±
5.92Bb 33.93 ±5.20B
Male
ﺣ ﺮﻫ رد توﺎﻔﺘﻣ گرﺰﺑ فوﺮﺣ و ﻒﯾدر ﺮﻫ رد توﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﮏﭼﻮﮐ فوﺮ ﯽﻨﻌﻣ فﻼﺘﺧا دﻮﺟو ﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ نﻮﺘﺳ
لﺎﻤﺘﺣا ﺢﻄﺳ رد ﺎﻫرﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﻦﯿﺑ راد ﯽﻣ ﺪﺻرد ﺞﻨﭘ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ياﺮﺑ.
شور زا دراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا يﺎﻄﺧ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺎﺑ پﺮﺘﺳا تﻮﺑ
100000 راﺮﮑﺗ ﯽﺘﻔﺟ پﺮﺘﺳا تﻮﺑ نﻮﻣزآ زا ﺎﻫ ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ ياﺮﺑ و .ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا
Means followed by different small letters in a row and different capital letters within a column are significantly different at 5%
significance level. The standard errors were estimated using the bootstrap method with 100,000 bootstrap samples. The paired bootstrap test was used for multiple comparisons of the treatments.
ﻞﮑﺷ 1 - خﺮﻧ ﺺﻟﺎﺧ ﯽﻨﺳ هﮋﯾو يﺮﮔرﺎﮑﺷ )
Cx
( ﻪﻨﮐ ﺮﮔرﺎﮑﺷ
swirskii Amblyseius
ﻪﯾﺬﻐﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻨﮐ زا
urticae Tetranychus
ﺖﺑﺎﺛ يﺎﻣد ﻪﺳ رد .
Fig.1. Age-stage predation rate (Cx) of Amblyseius swirskii fed on Tetranychus urticae at three temperatures.
ﻧ ) ﻦﺳ هﮋﯾو يﺮﮔرﺎﮑﺷ خﺮ
kx
) ﻦﺳ هﮋﯾو يﺮﮔرﺎﮑﺷ ﺺﻟﺎﺧ خﺮﻧ و (
qx
ﻪﻨﮐ زا ﻪﯾﺬﻐﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺪﯿﺋوزﻮﺘﯿﻓ ﻪﻨﮐ ( رد ،ﺖﺑﺎﺛ يﺎﻫﺎﻣد رد ﻦﺗرﺎﺗ يﺎﻫ
Error! Reference source
not found.
ﻟﺎــﺑ ﻪــﻨﮐ ﻪــﯾﺬﻐﺗ ناﺰــﯿﻣ ،ﯽــﻨﺤﻨﻣ ﻦــﯾا رد .ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ هداد نﺎﺸﻧ ،ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ درﻮﻣ يﺎﻣد ﻪﺳ ﺮﻫ رد .ﺖــﺳا هﺪــﻣآ ﺮــﻤﻋ لﻮــﻃ رد ﺮﮔرﺎﮑــﺷ ﻎ
تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻦﺳ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﻎﻟﺎﺑ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ رﺎﮑﺷ ناﺰﯿﻣ 20
ﻦﺳ) زور 10 ﺎﺗ 30 هﺪﻧز خﺮﻧ ﺎﺑ ﺞﯾرﺪﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺲﭙﺳ و ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﯽﻬﺟﻮﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ (ﺪﻟﻮﺗ زا زور ﻦﺳ ﯽﻧﺎﻣ
ﯽﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ .ﺪﺑﺎﯾ ) يﺮﮔرﺎﮑــﺷ ﺺﻟﺎــﺧ خﺮــﻧ
C0
ﯽﮔﺪـﻧز هرود ﻞــﮐ رد ﺮﮔرﺎﮑــﺷ ﮏــﯾ ﻂــﺳﻮﺗ هﺪــﺷ فﺮــﺼﻣ ﻪــﻤﻌﻃ ﺎــﺑ ﺮــﺑاﺮﺑ ( ﺖﺳا
رﺎﮑـﺷ ﻞﯾﺪـﺒﺗ خﺮـﻧ و
) هﺪــﺷ ﺪــﯿﻟﻮﺗ جﺎـﺘﻧ ﻪـﺑ هﺪـﺷ هدرﻮـﺧ
Qp
ﯽــﻣ ( خﺮﻧ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ رد ﺎﺑ .ﺪــﺷﺎﺑ هﺪﻧز
ﯽﻧﺎﻣ ﺮﮔرﺎﮑﺷ ﻪﻨﮐ يﺮﮔرﺎﮑــﺷ ﺺﻟﺎــﺧ خﺮــﻧ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ،
A. swirskii
يﺎﻣد رد
27 ﺳ ﻪﺟرد يﺎﻣد ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ سﻮﯿﺴﻠ 17
و 22 ) يﺮﮔرﺎﮑــﺷ ﺺﻟﺎــﺧ خﺮــﻧ .ﺪﺷ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻪﺟرد
C0
ﺮﮔرﺎﮑﺷ ﻪﻨﮐ (
A. swirskii
يﺎﻣد رد ﻦﺗرﺎﺗ ﻪـﻨﮐ زا ﻪـﯾﺬﻐﺗ ﺎﺑ
17 Qp راﺪـﻘﻣ .ﺪﯿﺳر190/97±12/71 ﯽﻨﻌﯾ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﻪﺑ سﻮﯿﺴﻠﺳ ﻪﺟرد27 يﺎﻣد رد راﺪﻘﻣ ﻦﯾا ﻪﮐ ﯽﻟﺎﺣ رد ﺖـﺳا80/51± /357 ،سﻮﯿﺴﻠﺳ ﻪﺟرد ياﺮــﺑ
يرﺎﮑﺷ ﻪﻨﮐ
swirskii
. ﻦﺗرﺎــﺗ ﻪــﻨﮐ زا ﻪــﯾﺬﻐﺗ ﺎــﺑ A
71 /7 دﺪﻋ ﺖﺳا ﻪﮐ ﻪـﻨﮐ ﻢـﺨﺗ دﺪﻋ ﮏـﯾ ﺪـﯿﻟﻮﺗ ياﺮـﺑ ﺖـﺳا ﯽـﻨﻌﻣ ﻦـﯾا ﻪﺑ ﺮﮔرﺎﮑـــﺷ
A. swirskii
ﻪﺑ Qp ﻪﺠﻨﺳاﺮﭘ .ﺪﺷ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ سﻮﯿﺴﻠﺳ ﻪﺟرد27 و22 يﺎﻣد ردQp ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﺮﯾدﺎﻘﻣ .ﺖـﺳا جﺎﯿﺘﺣا ﻦﺗرﺎـــﺗ ﻪـــﻨﮐ دﺪـــﻋ /771 زا ﮏــﯿﻓاﺮﮔﻮﻣد ﻦﯿــﻤﺨﺗ ﮏــﯾ
ﯽـﻣ ﻞﺜﻣﺪـﯿﻟﻮﺗ ناﺰـﯿﻣ و هﺪـﺷ هدرﻮــﺧ ﻪــﻤﻌﻃ ناﺰــﯿﻣ ﻦﯿــﺑ طﺎــﺒﺗرا نﺎـﺸﻧ ﯽﻋﻮـﻧ ﻪﺑ و ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ
هﺪـﻨﻫد ياﺮـــﺑ (ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ يﺎﻣد) ﻪﯾﺬﻐﺗ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ ﺮـﺘﻬﺑ ﺖـﯿﻔﯿﮐ
ﻪـﻨﮐ ﺮﮔرﺎﮑـــﺷ ي
swirskii
. ﺖـــﺳاA
يﺎﻣد رد راﺪـﻘﻣ ﻦـﯾا.
22 ﻪﺟرد 44 / 10 ﻪــﻨﮐ ) دﻮﺑ لوﺪﺟ 2 راﺪﻘﻣ .(
Qp
يﺎﻣد رد 22 ﺎﺑ ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ رد سﻮﯿﺴﻠﺳ ﻪﺟرد
يﺎﻫﺎﻣد 17 و 27 ﯽﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ،سﻮﯿﺴﻠﺳ ﻪﺟرد يﺎﻣد رد ﻢﺨﺗ ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ياﺮﺑ ار يﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﻪﻤﻌﻃ ﺮﮔرﺎﮑﺷ ﻦﯾا ﻪﮐ ﺪﻫد
22 ﯽﻣ ،ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ .ﺖﺳا هدﺮﮐ فﺮﺼﻣ سﻮﯿﺴﻠﺳ ﻪﺟرد
ﺮﯿﺴﻔﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻦﯾا ناﻮﺗ ﻪـﻨﮐ ﻪﮐ دﺮﮐ
ﺮﮔرﺎﮑـــﺷ
A. swirskii
يﺎﻣد رد 22 يﺎﻫﺎﻣد ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ سﻮﯿﺴﻠﺳ ﻪﺟرد 17
و 27 ﺺﯾﺮﺣ سﻮﯿﺴﻠﺳ ﻪﺟرد ﻞﯿﺴﻧﺎﺘﭘ و ﺖﺳا ﺮﺗ
يﻻﺎﺑ راﺪﻘﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ .دراد يﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ
Qp
يﺎﻣد رد ﻪﻨﮐ ﻦﯾا 27
) سﻮﯿﺴﻠﺳ ﻪﺟرد 48
/8 ،(ﻪﻨﮐ ﯽﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺑ يﺎﻫﺎﻣد رد ﻪﻨﮐ ﻦﯾا ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺳر
ﻦﯿ 35 يﺎﻣد ردA. swirskii ﺮﮔرﺎﮑـــﺷﻪ ـﻨﮐ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧداد شراﺰﮔ Afshar & Latifi (2017 )ﻪﭼﺮﮔا ﺪﺷﺎﺑ سﻮﯿﺴﻠﺳ ﻪﺟرد30 ﺎﺗ20 ﻪﻨﮐ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ رد ﻢﻫ سﻮﯿﺴﻠﺳ ﻪﺟرد
يﺎﻣد رد ﻪﮐ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﻢﻫ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا رد هﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ و دراد ﯽﯾارﺎﮐ ﻦﺗرﺎﺗ 17
ﯽﻣ ﺰﯿﻧ سﻮﯿﺴﻠﺳ ﻪﺟرد .ﺪﻨﮐ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ
لوﺪﺟ 2 - يﺮﮔرﺎﮑــﺷ ﺺﻟﺎــﺧ خﺮــﻧ )
C0
( و رﺎﮑـﺷ ﻞﯾﺪـﺒﺗ خﺮـﻧ هﺪــﺷ ﺪــﯿﻟﻮﺗ جﺎـﺘﻧ ﻪـﺑ هﺪـﺷ هدرﻮـﺧ
)
Qp
( ﺮﮔرﺎﮑﺷ ﻪﻨﮐ
Amblyseius swirskii
زا ﻪﯾﺬﻐﺗ ﺎﺑ
يا ﻪﮑﻟ ود ﻦﺗرﺎﺗ ﻪﻨﮐ
Tetranychus urticae
ﺖﺑﺎﺛ يﺎﻣد ﻪﺳ رد
Table 2. The Age-stage predation rate (C0) and the transformation rate from prey population to predator offspring (Qp) of Amblyseius swirskii fed on Tetranychus urticae at three constant temperatures
Temperature (°C) Gender
27 22
17
190.97 12.71a± 144.79
7.30Ab ± 80.51±3.57c
Female
8.48
± 0.47b 10.12
± 0.21a 7.71 ±0.13c
Male .ﺪﺷﺎﺑﯽﻣ ﺪﺻرد ﺞﻨﭘلﺎﻤﺘﺣا ﺢﻄﺳ رد ﺎﻫرﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﻦﯿﺑ رادﯽﻨﻌﻣفﻼﺘﺧا دﻮﺟو ﺮﮕﻧﺎﺷ ﻒﯾدر ﺮﻫ رد توﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﮏﭼﻮﮐ فوﺮﺣ شور زا دراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا يﺎﻄﺧ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ياﺮﺑ
تﻮﺑ .ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﯽﺘﻔﺟ پﺮﺘﺳا تﻮﺑ نﻮﻣزآ زا ﺎﻫ ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ ياﺮﺑ و راﺮﮑﺗ100000 ﺎﺑ پﺮﺘﺳا
Means followed by different small letters in a row are significantly different at 5% significance level. The standard errors were estimated using the bootstrap method with 100,000 bootstrap samples. The paired bootstrap test was used for multiple comparisons of the treatments.
ﻞﮑﺷ 2 - ) ﻦﺳ هﮋﯾو يﺮﮔرﺎﮑﺷ خﺮﻧ
kx
( ﯽﻨﺳ هﮋﯾو رﺎﮑﺷ ﺺﻟﺎﺧ خﺮﻧ و )
qx
ﻪﻨﮐ ( ﺮﮔرﺎﮑﺷ
Amblyseius swirskii
ﻪﻨﮐ زا ﻪﯾﺬﻐﺗ ﺎﺑ
Tetranychus urticae
رد
ﺖﺑﺎﺛ يﺎﻣد ﻪﺳ
Fig. 2.Age-specific predation rate (kx), and age-specific net predation rate (qx) of Amblyseius swirskii fed on Tetranychus urticae at three temperatures.
رﻮﻣ رد ﺶﻧاد ﻪﻨﮐ و تاﺮﺸﺣ يرﺎﮔزﺎﺳ د
ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ رد ﯽﻤﻬﻣ ﺶﻘﻧ ﯽﯾاﻮﻫ و بآ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ ﺶﯿﭘ رد هﮋﯾو ﻪﺑ ،تﺎﻓآ ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ يﺎﻫ
،يﺮﮔرﺎﮑﺷ خﺮﻧ ،ﻮﻤﻧو ﺪﺷر نﺎﻣز ﯽﻨﯿﺑ
ﻪﺠﻨﺳاﺮﭘ .دراد ﯽﯾﺎﻀﻓ ﻊﯾزﻮﺗ و ﻞﺜﻣﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ﯽﻣ ﮏﯾژﻮﻟﻮﯿﺑ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﯽﯾﺎﻬﻧ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا رد ﯽﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﺎﻬﻧآ ﻦﯿﺑ زا ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷاد ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺗ ﯽﻣ
عﻮﻧ ،ﺎﻣد ﻪﺑ ناﻮﺗ
ﯽﮔﮋﯾو زا ﯽﮑﯾ .دﺮﮐ هرﺎﺷا ﺖﻓآ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ و شروﺮﭘ هﻮﺤﻧ و ﺪﺣاو ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ مﺎﺠﻧا رد ارﺎﮐ و ﺮﺛﻮﻣ ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ ﻦﻤﺷد ﮏﯾ ﻢﻬﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﺎﺑ يرﺎﮔزﺎﺳ ترﺪﻗ ،ﮏﯾژﻮﻟﻮﯿﺑ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ يﺎﻫ
ﺖﺳا ﯽﺘﺴﯾز و ﯽﻄﯿﺤﻣ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ )
Zhang, 2003
( ﺮﮔرﺎﮑﺷ ﻪﻨﮐ ﻪﮐ ﯽﯾﺎﺠﻧآ زا .
A. swirskii
ياﺮﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﻠﮔ رد تﺎﻓآ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﯽﻣ راﺮﻗ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا درﻮﻣ هدﺮﺘﺴﮔ ترﻮﺼﺑ ﺎﻫ
دﺮﯿﮔ
ﻪﺒﻨﺟ ﯽﮔﮋﯾو و ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺖﺴﯾز ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ رﺎﺑ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ زا نآ يرﺎﺘﻓر يﺎﻫ
يرو )
Nomikou et al., 2001
؛
Wimmer et al., 2008
( يﺮﮔرﺎﮑﺷ ﺖﯿﻓﺮﻇ ،
)
Maroufpoor, 2016
( زﺎﯿﻧ ، ﯽﯾﺎﻣﺮﮔ )
Lee & Gillespie, 2011
؛
Rahimi et al., 2022
( ﺢﯿﺟﺮﺗ ، ﻪﻤﻌﻃ )
Xu & Enkegaard, 2010
؛
Soleymani et al., 2016
(
و (Afshar & Latifi, 2017 ؛Fathipour et al., 2017)ﯽﻌﺑﺎﺗ ﺶﻨﮐاو
ناﺰﯿﻣ صﻮﺼﺧ رد ﯽﺗﺎﻋﻼﻃا ﻪﺋارا ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﯽﻠﺻا فﺪﻫ .ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ
ﯽﻣ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫﺎﻣد رد ﺮﮔرﺎﮑﺷ ﻦﯾا ﻪﯾﺬﻐﺗ ﺟ و يﺮﮔرﺎﮑﺷ خﺮﻧ ﺖﯿﻤﻫا دﻮﺟو ﺎﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﻔﺳﺎﺘﻣ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
رﺎﮑﺷ ﺎﯾﻮﭘ و ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ لﺪﻣ ﮏﯾ ﻦﯾوﺪﺗ رد ﯽﮔﺪﻧز لواﺪ -
ﺮﺜﮐا ،ﺮﮔرﺎﮑﺷ
ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﯽﻤﻧ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺪﻨﻤﺷزرا راﺰﺑا ﻦﯾا زا زﻮﻨﻫ تﺎﻓآ ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ و ﮏﯾژﻮﻟﻮﯿﺑ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ يﺎﻫ زا ﯽﻘﯿﻗد ﻒﯿﺻﻮﺗ ﺎﺗ ﺪﺷ شﻼﺗ راﺰﺑا ﻦﯾا زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا رد .ﺪﻨﻨﮐ
هداد نﺎﺸﻧ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫﺎﻣد رد ﺮﮔرﺎﮑﺷ ﻦﯾا يﺮﮔرﺎﮑﺷ ﺖﯿﻓﺮﻇ ،ﯽﮔﺪﻧز لواﺪﺟ زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ و ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﻦﯾا زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ .دﻮﺷ
ﯽﻣ دﻮﺑ راوﺪﯿﻣا ناﻮﺗ ﻦﯾا ﻪﮐ
ﺮﮔرﺎﮑﺷ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻦﺗرﺎﺗ ﻪﻨﮐ بﻮﮐﺮﺳ و لﺮﺘﻨﮐ رد ﺮﺛﻮﻣ ﺪﯾﺪﻧﺎﮐ ﮏﯾ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﻠﮔ ﺐﺷ و زور لﻮﻃ رد ﯽﯾﺎﻣد تﺎﻧﺎﺳﻮﻧ رد ﺖﺳا ردﺎﻗ
راﺰﮕﺳﺎﭙﺳ ي
ﯿﭘ ﺮﻃﺎﺧ ﻪﺑ نﺎﺘﺳدﺮﮐ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﯽﺸﻫوﮋﭘ مﺮﺘﺤﻣ ﺖﻧوﺎﻌﻣ زا ﯽﻣ ﯽﻧادرﺪﻗ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﯾا مﺎﺠﻧا رد ﯽﻟﺎﻣ ﯽﻧﺎﺒﯿﺘﺸ
.دﻮﺷ
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