Designing and Compiling a Social Responsibility Charter for Sports Organizations in the Islamic Republic of Iran
Taybeh Zargar1 , Steven Rynne 2
1. Corresponding Author, Department of Sports Management, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran E-mail: [email protected]
2. School of Human Movement and Nutrition, Faculty of Behavioral Sciences and Health, Barzbin, Australia E-mail: [email protected]
Article Info ABSTRACT
Article type:
Research Article
Article history:
Received:
4 January 2022 Received in revised form:
6 March 2022 Accepted:
12 March 2022 Published online:
1 January 2023
Keywords:
Charter, Regulations, Social responsibility, Sports Organization, Iran
Introduction: The present study was conducted with the aim of designing and compiling a social responsibility charter for sports organizations in the Islamic Republic of Iran with a combined approach.
Methods: In terms of applied purpose, the present study was a research method mixed with a sequential exploratory type and a survey collection method. The statistical population in the qualitative part included professors and selected managers of sports organizations (18 people) and in the quantitative part included professors of managers of sports organizations (110 people). To collect information in a quantitative part, a researcher-made questionnaire based on the qualitative part was used, which was divided into two general parts: demographic characteristics and its questions. This questionnaire consists of 30 items and in the form of 8 main components in the form of five Likert options (strongly agree, 5 points to strongly disagree, 1 point) were used. To analyze the findings, the method of structural equations using Smart-PLS software was applied.
Results The results of the analysis of the interviews showed that 30 concept codes, 8 categories (core code) economic, legal, voluntary, ethical, environmental, Education, personal and social health and energy consumption management are the components of social responsibility of sports organizations.
Conclusion: Finally, the Charter of Social Responsibility of sports organizations was designed. It is suggested to the sports organizations of the country to use the charter of social responsibility of the current research in order to develop the social responsibility of their organization.
Cite this article: Zargar, T., & Rynne, S. (2022). Designing and Compiling a Social Responsibility Charter for Sports Organizations in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Sport Management Journal, 14 (4), 361-377.
DOI:http//doi.org/10.22059/JSM.2022.336841.2874
© The Author(s). Publisher: University of Tehran, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health.
ExtendedAbstract
Introduction
Organizations, as intermediate links between individuals and society, are of the fundamental components of today's human social structure, which need society in order to survive and continue their activities, in this regard, leading organizations pay attention to providing new social services at the top of their research and development activities. In other words, since organizations are created based on social needs, and as powerful phenomena, they leave many positive and negative effects on society and its institutions, activities, and processes, it is necessary to be responsible for these decisions and actions that affect the society and take ethical considerations into account. Complying at one time, it was believed that institutions are only responsible to shareholders and employees; but with the increase in population, the limitation of resources and the importance of international competition, new approaches were formed in the field of management and social responsibility can be counted as one of the results of these developments. Social responsibility is the organization's voluntary commitment to perform transparent and non- transparent tasks that the society's expectations contractually assign to the organization.
Methods
In terms of practical purpose, the current research was descriptive, research method and survey collection method, and based on the research approach, it was mixed. In the first stage, a qualitative method was used to build the model, and a descriptive-analytical quantitative method was used to test the model, and a correlation type based on the structural equation model was used. The mixed research method was sequential exploratory; That is, first it was qualitative and then quantitative. The tool used in this research was developed after conducting interviews and reaching theoretical saturation, which includes 30 items and in the form of 8 components, in the form of five Likert options (completely agree, 5 points to completely disagree, 1 point) were used. The interview questions include 1. In your opinion, in what area or areas is the social responsibility of sports organizations in Iran? 2. In what areas should it exist? 3. What points should be observed in the charter of social responsibility of sports organizations?
What features should it have? 4. How do you evaluate the performance of sports organizations in formulating and adhering to social responsibility? In the first part (qualitative) to conduct field interviews, the statistical population of the research were the sports management professors (12 people) who had published research (more than one article) in reputable domestic and foreign publications in the field of social responsibility, or written in this had the field of translation and authorship) and selected managers of sports organizations (6 people) whose organizations had taken actions in the field of social responsibility, these people were selected for qualitative interviews on the subject of the research in a purposeful manner were conducted (18 interviews with 18 people and continued until theoretical saturation) and in the second (quantitative) part, after
collecting the information from the qualitative research, a questionnaire was created and this questionnaire was distributed among the managers of sports organizations in Tehran.
Results
To check the fit of the measurement models, three criteria of reliability, convergent validity and divergent validity were used, and the reliability itself was done by checking factor loading coefficients, Cronbach's alpha coefficients, and composite reliability. The results of the analysis of the interviews showed that 30 conceptual codes, 8 categories (core codes) economic, legal, voluntary, ethical, environmental, educational, personal and social health and energy consumption management were among the components of social responsibility of sports organizations. To be in the end, the charter of social responsibility of sports organizations was designed. It is suggested to the sports organizations of the country to use the charter of social responsibility of the current research in order to develop the social responsibility of their organization.
Conclusion
The current research was carried out with the aim of designing and compiling the charter of social responsibility of sports organizations of the Islamic Republic of Iran with a combined approach. The results of the analysis of the interviews showed that 30 conceptual codes, 8 categories (core codes) economic, legal, voluntary, ethical, environmental, educational, personal and social health and energy consumption management are among the components of social responsibility of sports organizations. The results of the present research showed that economic factors are among the dimensions of the charter of social responsibility of sports organizations of the Islamic Republic of Iran. In this regard, it should be stated that economic policy in the field of financing social responsibility programs is one of the factors that should be considered by sports organizations. The results of the present research showed that voluntary factors are among the dimensions of the charter of social responsibility of sports organizations of the Islamic Republic of Iran. In this regard, the formation of voluntary specialized committees, groups and networks in sports organizations to pursue activities related to social responsibility and aligning the organization's policies and practices with the general principles of social responsibility are other important factors in developing the capacity of sports organizations to respond to social responsibility. However, in general, the social responsibility of companies has been one of the most sensitive and attention-grabbing topics in the last few decades, and it has received considerable attention from management researchers.
Ethical Considerations
Compliance with Research Ethical Guidelines: This article has been done considering all ethical principles.
Authors’ Contribution: All authors have participated in designing, implementing and writing all parts of the present study .
Conflicts of interest: The authors declared no conflict of interest Acknowledgement: This article is extracted from the doctoral dissertation with the guidance and advice of the author's professors.
We would like to thank everyone who helped us with this study.
ﺮﻃ ﺣا ﯽ وﺪﺗ و ﯾ ﻦ ﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ رﻮﺸﻨﻣ ﯿ
ﺖ ﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﯽ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺷزرو يﺎﻫ
ﯽ رﻮﻬﻤﺟ ي ﻣﻼﺳا ﯽ اﯾ ناﺮ
ﺮﮔرز ﻪﯿﺒﻃ ،
نﻮﺘﺳا ر ﯾ ﻦ
2
1.
،لوﺆﺴﻣ هﺪﻨﺴﯾﻮﻧ هوﺮﮔ
ﺪﻣ ﯾﺮ ﯾ ﺖ ﺷزرو ﯽ
، ﻣﻼﺳا دازآ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،بﻮﻨﺟ ناﺮﻬﺗ ﺪﺣاو ﯽ
، ا ،ناﺮﻬﺗ ﯾ ناﺮ :ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺎﯾار . [email protected]: z
2 . هوﺮﮔ مﻮﻠﻋ رﺎﺘﻓر ي و ﺘﻣﻼﺳ ﯽ
، هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد ﺖﮐﺮﺣ ﻧﺎﺴﻧا ﯽ و مﻮﻠﻋ ﺬﻐﺗ ﯾ
،ﻪ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﺑزﺮﺑ ﯿ ﻦ
، ﻟاﺮﺘﺳا ﯿﺎ . :ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺎﯾار
ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ تﺎﻋﻼﻃا هﺪﯿﮑﭼ
:ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ عﻮﻧ ﯽﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ
رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺦ رد ﯾ ﺖﻓﺎ : 14 / 10 / 1400
:يﺮﮕﻧزﺎﺑ ﺦﯾرﺎﺗ 15
/ 12 / 1400
رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺦ ﺬﭘ ﯾ شﺮ : 21 / 12 / 1400
رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺦ رﺎﺸﺘﻧا : 11 / 10 / 1401
ﺪﯿﻠﮐ هژاو :ﺎﻫ ،ناﺮﯾا
،ﯽﺷزرو نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﯿ ﺖ ﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا
،ﯽ
،رﻮﺸﻨﻣ مﺎﻈﻧ ﻪﻣﺎﻧ :ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ
ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ فﺪﻫﺎﺑ
ﺣاﺮﻃ ﯽ وﺪﺗ و ﯾ ﻦ ﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ رﻮﺸﻨﻣ ﯿ
ﺖ ﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﯽ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺷزرو يﺎﻫ ﯽ رﻮﻬﻤﺟ ي ﻣﻼﺳا ﯽ اﯾ ناﺮ
ور ﺎﺑ ﯾ دﺮﮑ ﮐﺮﺗ ﯿﺒ .ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ اﺮﺟا ﯽ
:ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ شور يروآدﺮﮔ هﻮﯿﺷ و ﯽﻟاﻮﺘﻣ ﯽﻓﺎﺸﺘﮐا عﻮﻧ زا ﻪﺘﺨﯿﻣآ ،ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ شور ،يدﺮﺑرﺎﮐ فﺪﻫ ظﺎﺤﻟزا ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ
.دﻮﺑ ﯽﺸﯾﺎﻤﯿﭘ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺐﺨﺘﻨﻣ ناﺮﯾﺪﻣ و ﺪﯿﺗﺎﺳا ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﯽﻔﯿﮐ ﺶﺨﺑ رد يرﺎﻣآ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ
) ﯽﺷزرو يﺎﻫ 18
ﯽﻤﮐ ﺶﺨﺑ رد و (ﺮﻔﻧ
نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ناﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ) ﯽﺷزرو يﺎﻫ
110 ﻊﻤﺟ ياﺮﺑ .دﻮﺑ (ﺮﻔﻧ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻖﻘﺤﻣ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ زا ﯽﻤﮐ ﺶﺨﺑ رد تﺎﻋﻼﻃا يروآ
ﯽﮔﮋﯾو ﯽﻠﮐ ﺶﺨﺑ ود ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﯽﻔﯿﮐ ﺶﺨﺑ زا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔﺮﺑ ﺖﯿﻌﻤﺟ يﺎﻫ
لاﺆﺳ و ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﻦﯾا .ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ ﻢﯿﺴﻘﺗ نآ يﺎﻫ
ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ 30
ﺐﻟﺎﻗ رد و ﻪﯾﻮﮔ 8
ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻠﺻا ﻪﻨﯾﺰﮔ ﺞﻨﭘ ترﻮﺻ (تﺮﮑﯿﻟ يا
ﯽﻣ يرﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ تﻻدﺎﻌﻣ شور زا .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
مﺮﻧ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ راﺰﻓا
Smart- PLS ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ ياﺮﺑ
.ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﻫ
:ﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﺎﺘﻧ
ﯾ ﺞ ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ ﻪﮐ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺎﻫ
30 ،ﯽﻣﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﺪﮐ 8
ﻪﻟﻮﻘﻣ ) (يرﻮﺤﻣ ﺪﮐ دﺎﺼﺘﻗا
،ي ﻧﻮﻧﺎﻗ ،ﯽ ﻪﻧﺎﺒﻠﻃواد ،
ﻗﻼﺧا ،ﯽ ﺖﺴﯾز ﯽﻄﯿﺤﻣ ، ﺷزﻮﻣآ ،ﯽ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ دﺮﻓ ي ﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا و و ﯽ ﺪﻣ ﯾﺮ ﯾ ﺖ ژﺮﻧا فﺮﺼﻣ ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ زا ي
ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﺖﯿﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ يﺎﻫ
نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﯽﻣ ﯽﺷزرو يﺎﻫ .ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ
:يﺮﯿﮔ ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﺖﯿﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ رﻮﺸﻨﻣ ،ﺎﻬﺘﻧا رد
يﺎﻫ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ .ﺪﺷ ﯽﺣاﺮﻃ ﯽﺷزرو دﺎﻬﻨﺸﯿﭘ رﻮﺸﮐ ﯽﺷزرو يﺎﻫ
ﯽﻣ ﻪﺑ ،ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﺖﯿﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ رﻮﺸﻨﻣ زا ددﺮﮔ .ﺪﻨﯾﺎﻤﻧ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا دﻮﺧ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﺖﯿﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ
دﺎﻨﺘﺳا : ﺮﮔرز
، ﻪﺒﯿﻃ
؛ نﻮﺘﺳا و ، ﻦﯾر ) 1401 .(
يرﻮﻬﻤﺟ ﯽﺷزرو يﺎﻫ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﺖﯿﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ رﻮﺸﻨﻣ ﻦﯾوﺪﺗ و ﯽﺣاﺮﻃ ناﺮﯾا ﯽﻣﻼﺳا
. ﻪﯾﺮﺸﻧ ﯽﺷزرو ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ) ،
4(
14 ،
361-377 .
2022.336841.2874
JSM.
/ 10.22059 DOI:http//doi.org/
هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد ،ناﺮﻬﺗ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد :ﺮﺷﺎﻧ ﯽﺘﺳرﺪﻨﺗ و ﯽﺷزرو مﻮﻠﻋ
. .نﺎﮔﺪﻨﺴﯾﻮﻧ©
نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﺖﯿﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ رﻮﺸﻨﻣ ﻦﯾوﺪﺗ و ﯽﺣاﺮﻃ ناﺮﯾا ﯽﻣﻼﺳا يرﻮﻬﻤﺟ ﯽﺷزرو يﺎﻫ
365
ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﻘﻠﺣ يﺎﻫ ﻂﺳاو ﻦﯿﺑ دﺮﻓ و
،ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﯽﮑﯾ زا ياﺰﺟا ﻦﯾدﺎﯿﻨﺑ هﺮﮑﯿﭘ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﺑ ﺮﺸ يزوﺮﻣا رﺎﻤﺷ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻣ ﺪﻨﯾآ ﻪﮐ ﻪﺑ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ
ﺎﻘﺑ و ﻪﻣادا ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ دﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ
،ﺪﻧﺪﻨﻣزﺎﯿﻧ ﻦﯾارد
طﺎﺒﺗرا نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ يﺎﻫ وﺮﺸﯿﭘ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻪﺋارا ﺧ تﺎﻣﺪ ﻦﯾﻮﻧ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ار رد سأر ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ يﺎﻫ
طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ و ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ دﻮﺧ راﺮﻗ هداد ﻪﺑ .ﺪﻧا نﺎﯿﺑ
،ﺮﮕﯾد ﮐﺎﺠﻧآزا ﻪ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺎﻫ ﺮﺑ سﺎﺳا يﺎﻫزﺎﯿﻧ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا دﺎﺠﯾا
و ﻪﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ هﺪﯾﺪﭘ يﺎﻫ
ﺪﻨﻤﺗرﺪﻗ تاﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ و ﯽﻔﻨﻣ يدﺎﯾز ﺮﺑ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ و
،ﺎﻫدﺎﻬﻧ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺎﻫ و يﺎﻫﺪﻨﯾآﺮﻓ نآ
و ﻪﺘﺷاﺬﮔ ﯽﻣ
،ﺪﻧراﺬﮔ يروﺮﺿ ﺖﺳا ﻪﮐ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻦﯾا
تﺎﻤﯿﻤﺼﺗ و
تﺎﻣاﺪﻗا راﺬﮔﺮﺛا دﻮﺧ ﺮﺑ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺖﯿﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﺮﯾﺬﭘ هدﻮﺑ تﺎﻈﺣﻼﻣ و ﯽﻗﻼﺧا
ار ﺖﯾﺎﻋر .ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﺎﻣز ﻧ ﯽ رﻮﺼﺗ ﺮﺑ اﯾ ﻦ دﻮﺑ ﻪﮐ تﺎﺴﺳﺆﻣ
ًﺎﻓﺮﺻ رد ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ ناراﺪﻣﺎﻬﺳ و
نﺎﻨﮐرﺎﮐ لﻮﺌﺴﻣ
؛ﺪﻧا ﺎﻣا ﺎﺑ اﺰﻓا ﯾ ﺶ ﻌﻤﺟ ﯿ
،ﺖ دوﺪﺤﻣ ﯾ ﺖ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ و ﻤﻫا ﯿ ﺖ ﯾ ﻓﺎ ﻦﺘ ﺖﺑﺎﻗر يﺎﻫ ﻦﯿﺑ
،ﯽﻠﻠﻤﻟا يﺎﻫدﺮﮑﯾور
يﺪﯾﺪﺟ رد ﻪﻨﯿﻣز ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﻞﮑﺷ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﻪﮐ ﺖﯿﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا
ار ﯽﻣ ناﻮﺗ ءﺰﺟ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ تﻻﻮﺤﺗ ﻦﯾا دﺮﻤﺷﺮﺑ
ﺿر) ﺖﻟود ﯽﯾﺎ يدﺎﺑآ
، 1395 .(
ﺴﻣ ﺌ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﺖﯿﻟﻮ
"
ﻪﺑ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ تارﺎﻈﺘﻧا ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﯽﻓﺎﻔﺷ ﺮﯿﻏ و فﺎﻔﺷ ﻒﯾﺎﻇو يﺎﻔﯾا ياﺮﺑ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﻪﻧﺎﺒﻠﻃواد ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ةﺪﻬﻋ ﺮﺑ يدادراﺮﻗ رﻮﻃ
نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺖﺳا هدﺎﻬﻧ
"
ﺎﮑﯿﺴﻧﻮﻓ) ،1
2022 .(
ﺴﻣ ،ترﻮﺻ ﻦﯾا رد ﺌ
ﻢﻈﻧ يﻼﺘﻋا ياﺮﺑ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﺶﯾاﺮﮔ يﺎﻘﺗرا ياﺮﺑ ﺖﺳا ﯽﻫار ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﺖﯿﻟﻮ
ﯽﻔﯾﺎﻇو ﻞﻣﺎﺷ و ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﯽﺳﺎﺳا ﯽﻣ
ﯽﻣﺮﺑ رد ار ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا يﺎﻫدادراﺮﻗ و ﯽﻧﻮﻧﺎﻗ بﻮﭼرﺎﭼ ﻪﮐ دﻮﺷ دﺮﯿﮔ
،ﻦﯾﺎﺳ) 2022 زﺪﻧﺎﻧﺮﻓ ﺮﻈﻧزا .(
2 ) 2020 (
ﺰﯿﻧ ﺴﻣ ﺌ ﯽﻣ ﺪﻌﺑ ود ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﺖﯿﻟﻮ :ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
"
ندﻮﺑ ﺪﻬﻌﺘﻣ
"
و ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ
"
يرﺎﯾ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﯽﻧﺎﺳر
"
عﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﻪﺑ . ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﺖﯿﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ
ﺎﻫ
ﻪﯿﺻﻮﺗ زا ﺖﻟود ﯽﻠﺻا يﺎﻫ ﺴﺳﺆﻣ و ﺎﻫ
ﺐﺴﮐ تﺎ .ﺖﺳا ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا و ﯽﻄﯿﺤﻣ تﻼﮑﺸﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻬﺟاﻮﻣ رد رﺎﮐو
رﺎﮐﺮﺳ نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و3
) 2022 رﺎﻬﻇا ﺰﯿﻧ (
ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ ﺴﻣ
ﺌ ﻪﻧﺎﺒﻠﻃواد ﻞﮑﺷ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﺖﯿﻟﻮ ﻪﺑ تارﺮﻘﻣ يراﺮﻗﺮﺑ زا يا
نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ دﻮﺧ ﻪﻠﯿﺳو و ﺮﺸﺑ قﻮﻘﺣ نﻮﭽﻤﻫ ﯽﻠﺋﺎﺴﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﺎﻫ
يد رﺎﺸﺘﻧا رد ﺖﯾدوﺪﺤﻣ ﺎﺗ يرﺎﮐ يﺎﻫدراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا ..و ﻦﺑﺮﮐﺪﯿﺴﮐا
ﯽﻣﺮﺑ رد ار . .دﺮﯿﮔ
رد لوا ﺮﺒﻣاﻮﻧ 2010
، ا ياﺮﺟ رد ﺖﯿﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ
ﯽﻧﺎﻬﺟ
ﻪﺑ ﻦﯿﺑ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﻪﻠﯿﺳو يزﺎﺳدراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا ﯽﻠﻠﻤﻟا
، دراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا ﺪﺷ
و ﻦﯾا
،دراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا ﻪﺴﺳﺆﻣ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﺖﯿﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ
ﺶﺨﺑ مﺎﻤﺗ يﺎﻫ ﺎﻫ
) ﻪﭼ ﺶﺨﺑ يﺎﻫ
و ﯽﺘﻟود ﻪﭼ ﯽﺻﻮﺼﺧ ( ار ﯽﻣﺮﺑرد دﺮﯿﮔ . ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ياﺮﺟا ﺖﯿﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﺮﺑ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا
ﻮﺤﺗ ﻻ ت و ﯽﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ
مﺎﻏدا ياﺮﺑ زﺎﯿﻧدرﻮﻣ لﻮﺻا
ﺖﯿﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ
ﺰﮐﺮﻤﺘﻣ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا
؛ﺖﺳا ﻪﺑ يرﻮﻃ ﻪﮐ ﺞﻨﭘ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺖﯿﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ ياﺮﺟا ﻦﯾارد
ﻦﯿﺑ ﺶﻘﻧ ﯽﻨﯾﺮﻓآ ﯽﻣ .ﺪﻨﻨﮐ
،لوا ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻪﺟدﻮﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ و
ﻪﺟدﻮﺑ ﺺﯿﺼﺨﺗ هرﺎﺷا ﺖﯿﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ ياﺮﺑ
دراد . مود
، ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻪﺑ دﺮﺒﻫار تاﺪﻬﻌﺗ
ﺖﯿﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﯽﻤﺳر نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا
رد دﺎﻨﺳا ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ يدﺮﺒﻫار
ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ هرﺎﺷا يدﺮﺒﻫار يﺎﻫ .دراد
،مﻮﺳ دﻮﺟو ار ﺖﯿﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ ،ﯽﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫ زا
هار ﯽﻠﻐﺷ ﯽﺼﺼﺨﺗ يﺎﻫدﺮﮐرﺎﮐ
، ﺖﯿﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﯽﺻﺎﺼﺘﺧا نﺎﻨﮐرﺎﮐ
ﺎﯾ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﺶﺨﺑ
ﺎﻫ ﻂﺒﺿ ﯽﻣ .ﺪﻨﮐ را مرﺎﻬﭼ طﺎﺒﺗ ﻪﺑ ،ﺎﻫ طﺎﺒﺗرا ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﯽﺟرﺎﺧ يﺎﻫ زا ﺖﯿﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ يﺎﻫ
بو هار ﺖﯾﺎﺳ
،ﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﺎﺳر ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا يﺎﻫ و
شراﺰﮔ يﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﺎﯿﻟﺎﺳ هرﺎﺷا .دراد
،ﻢﺠﻨﭘ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا دﺮﺒﻫار ﻪﺑ
ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺖﺳا ﺖﯿﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ يﺎﻫ ﻪﮐ
ﻞﻣﺎﺷ
،يﺰﯿﻤﻣ
،ترﺎﻈﻧ ﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ و
ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺖﺳا ) يدﻮﺘﺴﯾﺰﯾو ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و4
2020 .(
ﻦﯾاﺎﺑ لﺎﺣ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻖﺒﻃ سﺮﻤﯾز
نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و5
) 2020 ( نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺖﯿﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ لﺎﺒﻗ رد ﺎﻫ
ﻻﺎﮐ و تﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﻪﺋارا زا ﺮﺗاﺮﻓ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ و مدﺮﻣ ﯽﻣ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ و ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ تﻼﮑﺸﻣ زا ﯽﺸﺨﺑ اﺮﯾز ﺪﻨﻨﮐ سﺎﺴﺣا ار ﺖﯿﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﻦﯾا ﺪﯾﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﯽﻣ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ تﻼﮑﺸﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
، ﺎﺳ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﺖﯿﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ نﺎﻣز
ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ مﺎﺠﻧا رﻮﻈﻨﻣ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ و ﻪﻔﯿﻇو
مﺎﺠﻧا ﺎﯾ ﺎﻫ نآ ﻪﻔﯿﻇو
يذ لﺎﺒﻗ رد ﺎﻫ نﺎﻌﻔﻧ
ﯽﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﻪﺑ شزرو ﯽﯾﻮﺳ زا هزﻮﺣ زا ﯽﮑﯾ ناﻮﻨﻋ
ﯽﻣ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﺖﯿﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ صﻮﺼﺧ رد ﻢﻬﻣ يﺎﻫ ﺮﺘﻨﯿﭘ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و6
) 2021 ﺺﺨﺸﻣ (
هزﻮﺣ زا ﯽﮑﯾ شزرو ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧدﻮﻤﻧ ﻬﺑ ﺖﻬﺟ رد ﯽﺳﺎﺳا و ﻢﻬﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﯽﻣ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﺖﯿﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ دﻮﺒ هﻻﻮﯾ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و7
) 2021 ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﺰﯿﻧ (
ﯽﻣ اراد ار ﯽﮑﯾدﺰﻧ تﺎﻃﺎﺒﺗرا ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﺖﯿﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ و شزرو ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧدﻮﻤﻧ ﻪﻓﺮﺣ شزرو ﻞﻣﺎﺷ شزرو عاﻮﻧا زا ﯽﺧﺮﺑ ﺎﺑ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﺖﯿﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ .ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ
يا
1. Fonseca
2. Fernández
3. Sarkar
4. Widyastuti
5. Zeimers
6 . Painter
7. Ullah
366 نﺎﺘﺴﻣز ،مرﺎﻬﭼ ةرﺎﻤﺷ ،ﻢﻫدرﺎﻬﭼ ةرود ،ﯽﺷزرو ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ
1401
ﺮﮑﻟاو) ﯽﻧﺎﻣﺮﻬﻗ و
،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و1
2010 ور ؛ ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و2
2018 ﯽﻧﺎﮕﻤﻫ شزرو و ( ﻮﻟﻮﭘﻮﺳﺎﺗﺎﻧآ)
،3
2011 ( .دراد ﯽﮑﯾدﺰﻧ تﺎﻃﺎﺒﺗرا سرﺎﺒﺘﯾﺮﺑ
و4
) نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ 2015
نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧدﻮﻤﻧ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﺰﯿﻧ ( ﺖﻣﻮﮑﺣ و ﺎﻫ
شزرو رد ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﺖﯿﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﻪﺑ ﯽﯾﻮﮕﺨﺳﺎﭘ ﺖﻬﺟ رد ﯽﺳﺎﺳا و ﻢﻬﻣ ﺶﻘﻧ ﺎﻫ
ﯽﻣ اراد ار .ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ
يﺪﻤﺘﻌﻣ نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و )
1398 ﻦﯿﺑ ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺎﯾرد ( ﺖﯿﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ
ﻨﭘداﺰﻤﻫ ﺎﺑ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا يﺮﯾﺬﭘ نﺎﻫﺎﭙﺳ هﺎﮕﺷﺎﺑ ناراداﻮﻫ ﯽﻤﯿﺗ يراﺪ
طﺎﺒﺗرا
ﯽﻨﻌﻣ .دراد دﻮﺟو يراد يداﺮﻣرﻮﭘ
نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و )
1398 ﻦﯿﺑ ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺎﯾرد ( تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ فﺮﺼﻣ و ﯽﻣﺎﻨﺷﻮﺧ ﺎﺑ هﺎﮕﺷﺎﺑ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﺖﯿﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ
رد ناراداﻮﻫ
لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ ﺮﺗﺮﺑ ﮓﯿﻟ رد ﯽﻨﻌﻣ طﺎﺒﺗرا
.دراد دﻮﺟو يراد يﺮﻈﺘﻨﻣ
نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و )
1398 ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺎﯾرد ( ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﺖﯿﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ
ناراداﻮﻫ شﺮﮕﻧ ﺮﺑ لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ رد
ﻪﺑ .دراد يﺮﺛﺆﻣ و ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺶﻘﻧ ﻢﯿﺗ ﺮﯾﻮﺼﺗ ،نﺎﯿﻣ ﻦﯾا رد و دﻮﺑ رادﺎﻨﻌﻣ ناراداﻮﻫ ﯽﺷﺮﮕﻧ يرادﺎﻓو ﺮﺑ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﺖﯿﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣﺮﯿﻏ ﺮﺛا ،هوﻼﻋ
ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ ﺎﻔﯾا ﯽﺠﻧﺎﯿﻣ ﺶﻘﻧ ﯽﻤﯿﺗ ﺖﯾﻮﻫ و .
مﺎﺴﻟﺎﺑ و رﻮﺗرا )
2018 ( ﮓﯿﻟ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺎﯾرد ﺣ يﺎﻫدﺎﻬﻧ و ﯽﺷزرو يﺎﻫ
ﻪﺑ ﻢﮐﺎ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ .ﺪﻧراد ﺖﯿﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا فاﺪﻫا رد ﻢﻈﻨﻣ رﻮﻃ
ﻪﺑﺮﺼﺤﻨﻣ تﺎﺼﺨﺸﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﺘﻣ ار دﻮﺧ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﺖﯿﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ لﻮﺻا شزرو ﻞﺑﺎﻗ و دﺮﻓ
ﺖﻣﺪﺧ ياﺮﺑ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ .ﺖﺳا هداد ﻖﯿﺒﻄﺗ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻧﺎﺳر
ﮓﯿﻟ ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧرد ﻢﯿﺗ ،ﺎﻫ
ﺗ نارﺎﮑﺷزرو و ﺎﻫ ﻼ
ﯽﻣ ش ﻪﺑ شزرو زا ﺎﺗ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﻪﻠﯿﺳو ناﻮﻨﻋ
ﺒﻬﺑ ،ياﺮﺑ يا ياﺮﺑ ﯽﻠﻐﺷ ﺖﺻﺮﻓ ندﺮﮐ ﻢﻫاﺮﻓ ،داﻮﺳ دﻮ
كﺎﭘ و رﺪﺨﻣ داﻮﻣ فﺮﺼﻣ زا يﺮﯿﮔﻮﻠﺟ ،ﺮﻘﻓ و يرﺎﻤﯿﺑ ﺎﺑ هزرﺎﺒﻣ ،ناﺮﮕﯾد ﺪﻨﻨﮐ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻂﯿﺤﻣ يزﺎﺳ
،رﻮﺗرآ) 2018 .(
نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﻮﻨﯾا )
2011 (
ﻢﯿﺗ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺎﯾرد دﻮﺧ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘرد تﻻﺎﯾا ﯽﺷزرو يﺎﻫ
ﯽﻣ ذﺎﺨﺗا ار ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﺖﯿﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﯽﻠﺻا شور ود ﻪﺑ ،هﺪﺤﺘﻣ ﻢﯿﺗ ،لوا .ﺪﻨﻨﮐ
ﻖﯾﺮﻃ زا ﺎﻫ
ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺎﺑ طﺎﺒﺗرا يراﺮﻗﺮﺑ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ،ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ زا ﺖﯾﺎﻤﺣ ،ﻪﻧﺎﺒﻠﻃواد يﺎﻫ
ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ و نﺎﻧاﻮﺟ ﯽﺷزﻮﻣآ يﺎﻫ ﺖﺴﯾز يﺎﻫ
ﻪﺑ ماﺪﻗا ﯽﻄﯿﺤﻣ
ﺌﺴﻣ ياﺮﺟا ﯽﻣ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﺖﯿﻟﻮ
ﻪﺴﺳﻮﻣ دﺎﺠﯾا شور ﻦﯿﻣود .ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ مﺎﺠﻧا ياﺮﺑ ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﻪﯾﺮﯿﺧ يﺎﻫ
نآ ﻪﻧﺎﺘﺳودﺮﺸﺑ يﺎﻫ ﺎﻫ
ﺖﺳا و ﻮﻨﯾا)
نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ ، 2011 .(
نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﻮﯿﻟ )
2019 ( ﻪﯾﺰﺠﺗ ﻪﺑ دﻮﺧ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ رد ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ زا ناراداﻮﻫ كرد ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗو
هﺎﮕﺷﺎﺑ ﮏﯾ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﺖﯿﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﻪﻓﺮﺣ لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ ﻧ .ﺪﻨﺘﺧادﺮﭘ يا
ﻪﻓﺮﺣ لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ هﺎﮕﺷﺎﺑ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﺖﯿﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﻪﮐ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺞﯾﺎﺘ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ و نﺎﻧاﻮﺟ شزﻮﻣآ ،ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ زا ﺖﯾﺎﻤﺣ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ يا
يﺎﻫ
ﻪﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﻫاﻮﺧﺮﯿﺧ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ رﻮﻃ
نﺎﻫد تﺎﻐﯿﻠﺒﺗ و رﺮﮑﻣ ﺪﯾﺮﺧ ،ﺖﯾﺎﻤﺣ ﺪﺼﻗ ﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﻪﺳ ﺮﻫ ﺮﺑ ﯽﻬﺟﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ
ﯽﻣ ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ نرادﻮﻫ نﺎﻫد دراﺬﮔ
؛ ﺖﯿﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ
ﺎﺳ ياﺮﺑ ﯽﻟﺎﻣ ﺮﻈﻧزا ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﯽﻣ و ﺖﺳا ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ نﺎﻣز
ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﯽﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﺖﯾﺎﻤﺣ ﺎﯾ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ دﻮﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ دﻮﺷ
ارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﻮﯿﻟ) ،ن
2019 .(
ﮓﻧﺎﭼ
) 2018 ( ﺖﻓﺎﯾرد ﻪﮐ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ .ﺖﺳا ناﺪﻨﻣزﺎﯿﻧ ﻪﺑ ﮏﻤﮐ ياﺮﺑ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ﮏﯾ و ﯽﻌﻤﺟ فﺪﻫ ﮏﯾ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﺖﯿﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﻪﻓﺮﺣ ﯽﺷزرو يﺎﻫ
ﻪﺑ يا ﻪﻄﺳاو
دﻮﺒﻬﺑ ياﺮﺑ ﯽﯿﻟاﺎﺑ ترﺪﻗ زا ﻊﻣاﻮﺟ رد نﺪﺷ هﺪﯾد جرﺎﺧ ﯽﯾﺎﻀﻓ دﺎﺠﯾا يﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﺑ شزرو رد ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﺖﯿﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ .ﺪﻧرادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﯽﻣﻮﻤﻋ هﺎﻓر
ﯽﻣ ﺖﻓﺮﺸﯿﭘ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﺖﺑﺎﻗر زا نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺮﮔا .دﻮﺷ
ﻪﻓﺮﺣ ﯽﺷزرو يﺎﻫ ﮏﯿﻨﮑﺗ ﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺘﺑ يا
رد ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﺖﯿﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ يﺎﻫ شزرو
) 5 (SRS
ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ رد و ﺪﻧراﺬﮕﺑ كاﺮﺘﺷا ﻪﺑ ار ﺖﯿﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﺷزرو ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﯽﻣ ،ﺪﻨﻨﮐ يرﺎﮑﻤﻫ ﯽ
و ﺪﻧراﺬﮕﺑ ﯽﻬﺟﻮﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﺮﺑ ﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺗ
ﺮﮕﯾد ﻊﯾﺎﻨﺻ ياﺮﺑ ﯽﯾﻮﮕﻟا ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ
ﮓﻧﺎﭼ) ، 2018 .(
نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و رودوا ﯽﻧﻮﺗار )
2020 ( هﺎﮕﺷﺎﺑ ود ﺮﻫ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺎﯾرد دﻮﺧ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ رد ﺖﺒﻗاﺮﻣ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ زا ًﺎﻌﻗاو ﺪﻧﻮﻤﺗرود و ﺪﯾردﺎﻣ لﺎﺋر لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ يﺎﻫ
ﯽﻣ نآ .ﺪﻨﻨﮐ زا ﺎﻫ ﻪﺴﺳﻮﻣ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ،سراﺪﻣ ،ﺎﻫ ﯽﻣ ﺖﯾﺎﻤﺣ ﯽﺷزرو يﺎﻫ
ﯽﻣ ﮏﻤﮐ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ رادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﺖﯿﻣوﺮﺤﻣ زا ﻪﮐ يداﺮﻓا ﻪﺑ ،ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ
ﻪﺑ نﺎﮐدﻮﮐ زا ﺖﯾﺎﻤﺣ ﻞﺴﻧ ناﻮﻨﻋ
ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻖﯾﺮﻃ زا هﺪﻨﯾآ يﺎﻫ ﯽﻣ ﯽﯾاﺪﻫا ﺎﯾ ﯽﺷزرو ،ﯽﺷزﻮﻣآ يﺎﻫ
ﻣ زا ﺖﻇﺎﻔﺣ ﺎﺑ طﺎﺒﺗرا رد .ﺪﻧزادﺮﭘ ﻂﯿﺤ
ﺖﺴﯾز
نآ ﯽﻣ ﯽﻌﺳ ﺎﻫ ﺗ مﺎﻤﺗ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ
ﻼ ش ﺗا ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ياﺮﺑ ار دﻮﺧ ﻼ
،يژﺮﻧا ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ،ف ﺳر ﻞﻗاﺪﺣ ﻪﺑ
بآ فﺮﺼﻣ نﺪﻧﺎ نآ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ .ﺪﻨﻫد مﺎﺠﻧا
ﻢﻬﻣ ﺎﻫ
ﻦﯿﻣﺄﺗ و ﯽﻟﺎﻣ نﺎﯿﻣﺎﺣ ،ناﺮﮔﺎﺷﺎﻤﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ درﻮﻣ رد نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﮐ
هروﺎﺸﻣ نﺎﺸﯾﺎﻫ د
ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ياﺮﺑ ﯽﺑﻮﺧ يﻮﮕﻟا و ﺪﻨﻫ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ
رودوا ﯽﻧﻮﺗار)
نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ،
2020 .(
زرﺎﭽﺳا و ﻮﯿﻟ )
2019 ( ﺑ هزاﺪﻧا ﻪ هﺎﮕﺷﺎﺑ رد ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﺖﯿﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ يﺮﯿﮔ ﻪﻓﺮﺣ يﺎﻫ
هﺎﮔﺪﯾد زا .ﺪﻨﺘﺧادﺮﭘ ﯽﻨﯿﭼ ناﺪﻧوﺮﻬﺷ هﺎﮔﺪﯾد زا لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ يا
ﻢﻬﻣ ناﺮﮔﺎﺷﺎﻤﺗ ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ رد ﺖﯿﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ ،ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ نﺎﯿﻣ رد ﻪﮐ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ناﺪﻧوﺮﻬﺷ ﺲﭘ و ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﻦﯾﺮﺗ
ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ نآزا ﺖﯿﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ ،نﺎﻧاﻮﺟ ﯽﺷزﻮﻣآ يﺎﻫ
1. Walker
2. Rowe
3. Athanasopoulou
4. Breitbarth
5. Social responsibility in sports
نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﺖﯿﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ رﻮﺸﻨﻣ ﻦﯾوﺪﺗ و ﯽﺣاﺮﻃ ناﺮﯾا ﯽﻣﻼﺳا يرﻮﻬﻤﺟ ﯽﺷزرو يﺎﻫ
367
نﺎﻨﮐرﺎﮐ لﺎﺒﻗ رد و
ﺖﯿﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻟﺎﻣ
ﻢﻬﻣ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ رد ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﻦﯾﺮﺗ
؛ و ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ،ﯽﺘﺷاﺪﻬﺑ يﺎﻫ ﺖﺴﯾز يﺎﻫ
ﯽﻄﯿﺤﻣ و
ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ يﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ رد ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﻪﻧﺎﺘﺳودﺮﺸﺑ هﺪﺷ
ﺖﺳا زرﺎﭽﺳا و ﻮﯿﻟ) ،
2019 .(
هﻮﯿﺷ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﺖﯿﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ زا يا
نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ،نآ ﻖﺒﻃ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺎﻫ
ﯽﻣ مﺎﺠﻧا ار ﯽﯾﺎﻫ ﺎﮐ ﺞﯾوﺮﺗ و ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺮﺑ ﯽﺘﺒﺜﻣ ﺮﺛا ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﻫد
ﻻ دورو ﺎﺑ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﺖﯿﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ .ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷاد ﯽﻣﻮﻤﻋ يﺎﻫ
ﺧا ﺖﯿﻤﮐﺎﺣ بﻮﭼرﺎﻬﭼ ﮏﯾ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ دﻮﺧ ﻼ
ﯽﻣ ﻪﻓﺎﺿا نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ار ﯽﻗ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﮐ
ﺮﺑ سﺎﺳا نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ،نآ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ مﺎﺠﻧا ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﯽﻣ ماﺪﻗا ﯽﯾﺎﻫ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ
ﯽﻣ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ار ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻊﺿو ﻪﮐ ﺎﻫرﺎﮐ مﺎﺠﻧا زا و ﺪﻨﻨﮐ
ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﯽﯾ ﺮﺗﺪﺑ
نﺪﺷ ﯽﻣ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺖﯿﻌﺿو ﯽﻣ ﺰﯿﻫﺮﭘ ،ﺪﻧﻮﺷ
ﺪﻨﻨﮐ . ﻪﺑ ﻞﯿﻟد ﻪﺑﺮﺼﺤﻨﻣ ﺶﻘﻧ دﺮﻓ
ﻪﺑ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا و ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ رد شزرو ﺖﯿﻤﺳر
ﻞﻣﺎﻌﺗ شزرو و ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﺖﯿﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﻦﯿﺑ ،ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻣ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ و ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ رد شزرو ﯽﯾﺎﻧاﻮﺗ ﻦﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ
ﻪﻄﺑار و ﻪﺑ ﮓﻨﺗﺎﮕﻨﺗ يا ﺖﺳا هﺪﻣآ دﻮﺟو
) زﺮﺘﻟاو
، 2009 .(
ﻢﻫ ﻨﮐا لﺎﺣ رد ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﺖﯿﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ ،نﻮ ﻞﯾﺪﺒﺗ
ياﺮﺑ يدﺮﺒﻫار ﻢﻬﻣ ﮥﻄﯿﺣ ﮏﯾ ﻪﺑ نﺪﺷ
ﯽﺷزرو يﺎﻫدﺎﻬﻧ )
نﻮﯿﺳارﺪﻓ ﮓﯿﻟ ،ﯽﺷزرو يﺎﻫ
هﺎﮕﺷﺎﺑ ،ﯽﺷزرو يﺎﻫ ﺐﺴﮐ و نارﺎﮑﺷزرو ،ﯽﺷزرو يﺎﻫ
ﯽﺷزرو يﺎﻫرﺎﮐو (
ﻦﯾازا ؛ﺖﺳا ،ور
نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ آ يدﺮﺒﻫار ﺖﯿﻤﻫا و ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﺖﯿﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﮥﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺪﯾﺎﺑ ﯽﺷزرو ناﺮﯾﺪﻣ و ﺎﻫ ﻊﯾﺎﻨﺻ ﺮﮕﯾد رد يرﺎﺠﺗ ناﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻤﻫ ،شزرو رد ن
ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷاد ﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ و ﯽﻫﺎﮔآ )
ﻪﻨﺸﯿﻓ و زوﺰﯿﻠﯿﻓ
، 2011 .(
دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ ،ﯽﺘﺑﺎﻗر ﺖﯾﺰﻣ دﺎﺠﯾا ،ناراداﻮﻫ يرادﺎﻓو ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ،ﺎﺒﻗر ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ندﻮﺑ ﺰﯾﺎﻤﺘﻣ ،ﯽﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ تﺮﻬﺷ يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ و ﻆﻔﺣ ﯽﻟﺎﻣ
) ﺮﺒﻃ
1
،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و 2020
،(
ﻪﺑ ﺖﯿﻤﺳر ،ﻦﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ نﺎﺴﻧا ﯽﯾﺎﻫرﺎﺘﻓر مﺎﺠﻧا و ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺎﺑ ﻂﺑاور دﻮﺒﻬﺑ ،نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ زا ﺮﺘﻬﺑ يﺮﯾﻮﺼﺗ دﺎﺠﯾا زا ﯽﺧﺮﺑ ،ﻪﻧﺎﺘﺳود
ﯽﻣ ﯽﺷزرو يﺎﻫدﺎﻬﻧ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ يﺪﯾاﻮﻓ و ﺎﯾاﺰﻣ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﺖﯿﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﻖﯾﺮﻃ زا ﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺗ
نآ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻨﺑﺎﯾ ﺖﺳد ﺎﻫ ،
ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ تﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ،ﻦﮑﯿﻟ
ﺖﯿﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ - ﯽﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ﺎﻫرﻮﺸﮐ ﺮﯾﺎﺳ رد ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﺪﻫد
توﺎﻔﺗ ﻪﮐ ﯽﻣ ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ يﺎﻫ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺮﺑ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ
ﺖﯿﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ يﺎﻫ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا
؛ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ
ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ يﺎﻫرﻮﺸﮐ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﯽﻤﻧ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ
ﯽﯾاور و ﯽﺑﺎﯾرﺎﺒﺘﻋا نوﺪﺑ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ لﺎﺣرد يﺎﻫرﻮﺸﮐ رد ﯽﺠﻨﺳ
دﻮﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ،ﻦﭼ)
2015 .(
ﻤﺳر ﻪﺑ ﯿ ﺖ
ا ،ﻦﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﯾ
دﺎﺠ ﻮﺼﺗ ﯾﺮ ي ﺮﺘﻬﺑ زا
،نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﻂﺑاور ﺎﺑ ﺟ ﻪﻌﻣﺎ و مﺎﺠﻧا ﺎﻫرﺎﺘﻓر ﯽﯾ نﺎﺴﻧا ﺧﺮﺑ ،ﻪﻧﺎﺘﺳود ﯽ
اﺰﻣ زا ﯾﺎ و اﻮﻓ ﯾﺪ ي ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻪﮐ ﺎﻫدﺎﻬﻧ ي
ﺷزرو ﯽ ﻣ ﯽ ﺮﻃ زا ﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺗ ﯾ
ﻖ ﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﯿ ﺖ ﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﯽ نآ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳد ﺎﻫ ﯾ
،ﺪﻨﺑﺎ ﻟﯿ
،ﻦﮑ ﺎﺘﻧ ﯾ ﺞ ﻘﺤﺗ ﯿ تﺎﻘ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﯿ ﺖ - ﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﯽ ﺎﺳ رد ﯾﺮ ﺎﻫرﻮﺸﮐ
نﺎﺸﻧ ﻣ ﯽ توﺎﻔﺗ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻫد ﺎﻫ
ي ﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﯽ ﻣ ﯽ ﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺮﺑ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﯿ
ﺖ ﺎﻫ ي ﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﯿ ﺖ ﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﯽ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
؛ اﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﯾ ﻦ ﺎﺘﻧ ﯾ ﺞ ﺎﻫرﻮﺸﮐ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ي
ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﯾ ﻪﺘﻓﺎ
ﻤﻧ ﯽ رﺎﺒﺘﻋا نوﺪﺑ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﯾﺑﺎ
ﯽ و اور ﯽﯾ ﺠﻨﺳ ﯽ ﺎﻫرﻮﺸﮐ رد ي
لﺎﺣرد دﻮﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ .
زا ﻮﺳ ﯽﯾ زﺎﺳﻮﺴﻤﻫ ي ﺳ ﯿ ﺖﺳﺎ ﺷ و ﺎﻫ ﯿ هﻮ ﺎﻫ ي نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ
ﺎﻫ ي ﺷزرو ﯽ ﻠﮐ لﻮﺻا ﺎﺑ ﯽ
ﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﯿ ﺖ ﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﯽ ﺐﺒﺳ ﻣ ﯽ ددﺮﮔ ﺷﻼﺗ ﺎﺗ ﯽ ﻣﺎﻤﺗ رد راد ﺖﻬﺟ و ﻢﻈﻨﻣ ﯽ
ﺎﻫ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ نﺎﮐرا ي
ﺷزرو ﯽ ﺖﻬﺟ رد
ﻟﺎﻌﻓ شﺮﺘﺴﮔ و دﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﯿ
ﺖ ﺎﻫرﺎﺘﻓر و ﺎﻫ ي
ﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﯿ
ﺖ ﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﯽ .ددﺮﮔ مﺎﺠﻧا رد
اﯾ ﻦ ﺎﺘﺳار رﻮﻣ ي ) نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و 2016
ﻘﺤﺗ رد ( ﯿ ﻖ دﻮﺧ
ﺳ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧدﻮﻤﻧ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﯿ
ﺖﺳﺎ راﺬﮔ ي ﺗرﻮﺻ رد ﺎﻫ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﯽ
ﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻮﺴﻤﻫ ﻪﮐ ﯿ
ﺖ ا ﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟ ﯽ ددﺮﮔ ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﺐﺒﺳ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ و
شﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﺎﻫرﺎﺘﻓر ي ﻨﺘﺒﻣ ﯽ ﺮﺑ ﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﯿ ﺖ ﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﯽ رد نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺎﻫ ددﺮﮔ ا ﻪﮐ ﯾ ﻦ ﻣ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﯽ
ﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻪﻏﺪﻏد ﺎﺗ دﻮﺷ ﯿ
ﺖ ﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﯽ رد
ﺎﻫ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ي
ﺷزرو ﯽ اﯾ دﺎﺠ ا و ددﺮﮔ ﯾ ﻦ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻟﺎﺴﻣ ﯾﮑ
ﯽ ﭘ زا ﯿ ﺶ ﻧﯿ ﺎﻫزﺎ ي ﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﺖﻬﺟ رد ﻢﻬﻣ ﯿ
ﺖ ﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﯽ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺎﺗ ددﺮﮔ ﺐﺒﺳ
ﺎﻫ ي ﺷزرو ﯽ ﺎﻫ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ صﻮﺼﺧ رد ي
ﻨﺘﺒﻣ ﯽ ﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﺮﺑ ﯿ ﺖ ﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﯽ ﺸﺨﺑﺮﺛا زا ﯽ ﻻﺎﺑ ﯽﯾ ا رد و ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ رادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﯾ
ﻦ ﺎﺘﺳار وﺪﺗ ﯾ ﻦ ﻪﻠﻤﺟزا رﻮﺸﻨﻣ
ﺎﻫرﺎﮑﻫار ي ﺎﻋر ﻪﺑ ماﺰﺘﻟا ﯾ
ﺖ ﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﯿ ﺖ ﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﯽ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ رد ﻄﺻا رد .ﺖﺳا ﺎﻫ
ﻼ ﻗﻮﻘﺣ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ رﻮﺸﻨﻣ ،ح ﯽ
رد ﻪﺑ راﺪﺘﻗا ﺐﻧﺎﺟ زا ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﯾ
ﺖﻓﺎ هﺪﻨﻨﮐ
هداد ﻣ ﯽ دﻮﺷ ﺑ و ﯿ نﺎ هﺪﻨﻨﮐ نآ ﺖﺳا ﻪﮐ ﺐﻧﺎﺟ
،راﺪﺘﻗا و ِﻖﺣ ﯾ هﮋ رد ﯾ ﺖﻓﺎ هﺪﻨﻨﮐ ار ﻪﺑ ﻤﺳر ﯿ ﺖ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ و ﻪﺑ وا هزﺎﺟا اﺮﺟا و هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا زا نآ ار ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻫد .
وﺪﺗ ﯾ ﻦ ﻣز رد رﻮﺸﻨﻣ ﯿ
ﻪﻨ ﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﯿ ﺖ ﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﯽ ﺎﻫ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ رد ي
ﺷزرو ﯽ ﻣ ﯽ دﺮﺑرﺎﮐ تﺎﻣاﺪﻗا ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ي
ﺪﻣ و نﺎﻨﮐرﺎﮐ ﺐﻧﺎﺟ زا ﯾ
ناﺮ ا رد ﯾ ﻦ
ﻣز ﯿ ﻪﻨ ﺎﻫ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ كراﺪﺗ و ي
اﺮﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ي
ﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﯿ
ﺖ ﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﯽ ﻓﺮﻃ زا و ددﺮﮔ ﯽ
ذ ﯾ نﺎﻌﻔﻨ ﺎﻫ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ي
ﺷزرو ﯽ ار نارﺎﮑﺷزرو نﻮﭽﻤﻫ
ا رد ﺖﮐرﺎﺸﻣ ﻪﺑ تﻮﻋد ﯾ
ﻦ ﺎﻤﻧ هزﻮﺣ ﯾﺪ اﺎﺑ ﯾ ﻦ لﺎﺣ و ﺎﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻤﻫا ﯿ ﺖ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﯿ ﺖ ﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﯽ رد نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺎﻫ ي ﺷزرو ﯽ و ﻸﺧ ﻘﺤﺗ ﯿ ﺗﺎﻘ ﯽ رد
ﻣز ﯿ ﻪﻨ وﺪﺗ ﯾ ﻦ رﻮﺸﻨﻣ رد درﻮﻣ
،نآ فﺪﻫ زا ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﺋارا رﻮﺸﻨﻣ ﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﯿ ﺖ ﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﯽ رد نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺎﻫ ي ﺷزرو ﯽ ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .
1. Tabar
368
ﻣ نﺎﺘﺴﻣز ،مرﺎﻬﭼ ةرﺎﻤﺷ ،ﻢﻫدرﺎﻬﭼ ةرود ،ﯽﺷزرو ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪ 1401
شور ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﮋﭘ دﺮﮑﯾور سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ و دﻮﺑ ﯽﺸﯾﺎﻤﯿﭘ يروآدﺮﮔ هﻮﯿﺷ و ﯽﻔﯿﺻﻮﺗ ،ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ شور ،يدﺮﺑرﺎﮐ فﺪﻫ ظﺎﺤﻟزا ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ رد .دﻮﺑ ﻪﺘﺨﯿﻣآ ،ﺶﻫو
ﺖﺧﺎﺳ ياﺮﺑ ،لوا ﮥﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﯽﻔﯿﺻﻮﺗ ﯽﻤﮐ شور زا ﻮﮕﻟا نﻮﻣزآ ياﺮﺑ و ﯽﻔﯿﮐ شور زا ﻮﮕﻟا
- زا و ﯽﻠﯿﻠﺤﺗ يﻮﮕﻟا ﺮﺑ ﯽﻨﺘﺒﻣ ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ عﻮﻧ
ﭙﺳ و ﯽﻔﯿﮐ اﺪﺘﺑا ﯽﻨﻌﯾ ؛دﻮﺑ ﯽﻟاﻮﺘﻣ ﯽﻓﺎﺸﺘﮐا عﻮﻧ زا ﻪﺘﺨﯿﻣآ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ شور .ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا يرﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ تﻻدﺎﻌﻣ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳادرﻮﻣ راﺰﺑا .دﻮﺑ ﯽﻤﮐ ﺲ
ﺪﯿﺳر و ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ مﺎﺠﻧا زا ﺪﻌﺑ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا رد ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷ ﻦﯾوﺪﺗ يﺮﻈﻧ عﺎﺒﺷا ﻪﺑ ن
30 ﺐﻟﺎﻗ رد و ﻪﯾﻮﮔ 8
ﻟﺆﻣ ﻪﺑ ،ﻪﻔ ﻪﻨﯾﺰﮔ ﺞﻨﭘ ترﻮﺻ يا
،ﻢﻘﻓاﻮﻣ ًﻼﻣﺎﮐ) تﺮﮑﯿﻟ 5
،ﻢﻔﻟﺎﺨﻣ ًﻼﻣﺎﮐ ﺎﺗ زﺎﯿﺘﻣا 1
(زﺎﯿﺘﻣا ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ تﻻاﺆﺳ .ﺪﺷ ﻦﯾوﺪﺗ 1
ﻧ ﻪﺑ . نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﺖﯿﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﺎﻤﺷ ﺮﻈ يﺎﻫ
ﺶﺨﺑ ﻪﭼ رد ناﺮﯾا رد ﯽﺷزرو هزﻮﺣ و ﺎﻫ
د دﻮﺟو ﯽﯾﺎﻫ ؟درا
2 هزﻮﺣ ﻪﭼ رد . ؟ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷاد دﻮﺟو ﺪﯾﺎﺑ ﯽﯾﺎﻫ
3 . ﻣ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﺖﯿﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ رﻮﺸﻨ
نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﯽﮔﮋﯾو ﻪﭼ ؟دﻮﺷ ﺖﯾﺎﻋر نآ رد ﯽﺗﺎﮑﻧ ﻪﭼ ﺪﯾﺎﺑ ﯽﺷزرو يﺎﻫ ؟ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷاد ﺪﯾﺎﺑ ﯽﯾﺎﻫ
4.
نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ و ﻦﯾوﺪﺗ رد ﯽﺷزرو يﺎﻫ
ﯽﻣ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا ﻪﻧﻮﮕﭼ ار ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﺖﯿﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﻪﺑ يﺪﻨﺒﯾﺎﭘ
؟ﺪﯿﻨﮐ
ﻔﯿﮐ) لوا ﺶﺨﺑ رد ﻌﻣﺎﺟ ،ﯽﻧاﺪﯿﻣ ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ مﺎﺠﻧا ياﺮﺑ (ﯽ
ﮥ ار ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ يرﺎﻣآ ﯽﺷزرو ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﺪﯿﺗﺎﺳا
) 12 ﮐ ﺮﻔﻧ ﺖﯿﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﻪﻨﯿﻣز رد ﻪ
ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺎﻫ ﯽﯾ ﺑ)ﯿ ﺶ زا ﯾ ﮏ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ( ﯽﺒﺘﮐ ﺎﯾ و ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ هﺪﻧﺎﺳر پﺎﭼ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺟرﺎﺧ و ﯽﻠﺧاد ﺮﺒﺘﻌﻣ تﺎﯾﺮﺸﻧ رد ﻒﯿﻟﺄﺗ و ﻪﻤﺟﺮﺗ ﻪﻨﯿﻣز ﻦﯾا رد
ﻪﺘﺷاد نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺐﺨﺘﻨﻣ ناﺮﯾﺪﻣ و (ﺪﻧا ﯽﺷزرو يﺎﻫ
) 6 نآ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﻪﮐ (ﺮﻔﻧ ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ هداد مﺎﺠﻧا ﯽﺗﺎﻣاﺪﻗا ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﺖﯿﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﻪﻨﯿﻣز رد ﺎﻫ
، ﻞﻣﺎﺷ
ﯽﻣ ﻪﺑ ،داﺮﻓا ﻦﯾا ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﺪﻨﻤﻓﺪﻫ ترﻮﺻ
،يرﺎﯿﻌﻣ عﻮﻧ زا ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ياﺮﺑ
بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ عﻮﺿﻮﻣ رد ﯽﻔﯿﮐ يﺎﻫ ) ﺪﻧﺪﯾدﺮﮔ
18 ﺎﺑ ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ 18
(ﺖﻓﺎﯾ ﻪﻣادا يﺮﻈﻧ عﺎﺒﺷا ﺪﺣ ﺎﺗ و ﺮﻔﻧ و
د ﺶﺨﺑ رد ﯽﻔﯿﮐ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ تﺎﻋﻼﻃا يروآدﺮﮔ زا ﺪﻌﺑ (ﯽﻤﮐ) مو
ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ماﺪﻗا ،
دﻮﻤﻧ ه رد ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻦﯾا و نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ناﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﻦﯿﺑ
نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ناﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﻊﻗاورد .ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ ﻊﯾزﻮﺗ ناﺮﻬﺗ ﺮﻬﺷ ﯽﺷزرو يﺎﻫ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺷزرو يﺎﻫ
يا
نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﺖﯿﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﻪﺑ يﺪﻨﺒﯾﺎﭘ ناﺰﯿﻣ نآ رد ﻪﮐ ر ﯽﺷزرو يﺎﻫ
ﯽﻣ ا نﻮﯿﺳارﺪﻓ ﯽﻣﺎﻤﺗ ﻦﯿﻧوﺎﻌﻣ و ناﺮﯾﺪﻣ .ﺪﻧداد ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ،ﺪﯿﺠﻨﺳ يﺎﻫ
ﺖﺌﯿﻫ ﯽﻣﺎﻤﺗ ،ﯽﺷزرو و ترازو ،ﮏﯿﭙﻤﻟا ﯽﻠﻣ ﯽﻣدﺎﮐآ ،ﮏﯿﭙﻤﻟارﺎﭘ و ﮏﯿﭙﻤﻟا ﯽﻠﻣ ﻪﺘﯿﻤﮐ ،ناﺮﻬﺗ ﺮﻬﺷ ﯽﺷزرو يﺎﻫ
تارادا و نﺎﻧاﻮﺟ و شزر
ﻞﻣﺎﺷ عﻮﻤﺠﻣرد ﻪﮐ ناﺮﻬﺗ ﺮﻬﺷ نﺎﻧاﻮﺟ و شزرو 230
ﯽﻣ ﺮﻔﻧ ﻪﺑ ،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ رﺎﻣآ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ناﻮﻨﻋ ا ي
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ .ﺪﻧﺪﯾدﺮﮔ بﺎﺨﺘﻧ ﻪﺑ يﺮﯿﮔ
ﯽﻓدﺎﺼﺗ ترﻮﺻ
) نﺎﮔرﻮﻣ لوﺪﺟ سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ سﺮﺘﺳد رد 140
ًﺎﺘﯾﺎﻬﻧ .ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ ﻊﯾزﻮﺗ (ﺮﻔﻧ 110
ﻪﺑ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ .ﺪﺷ هداد تدﻮﻋ ﺢﯿﺤﺻ ترﻮﺻ
نﻮﻣزآ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺖﯾﺎﻔﮐ ،KMO ﯽﻣ ار يﺮﯿﮔ
راﺪﻘﻣ و ﺪﺠﻨﺳ 73
/0 ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﺖﯾﺎﻔﮐ زا نﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑ نﻮﻣزآ ﻦﯾا ياﺮﺑ ﻧ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤ ﺎﻫ .دراد
لﺎﻘﺘﻧا ،(رﺎﺒﺘﻋا) يﺮﯾﺬﭘروﺎﺑ ﺖﯿﻠﺑﺎﻗ زا ﯽﯾاور ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﯽﻔﯿﮐ ﺶﺨﺑ رد ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا يﺮﯾﺬﭘ ﺪﯿﺋﺎﺗ و يﺮﯾﺬﭘ
) لوﺪﺟ 1 .(
لوﺪﺟ 1 ﯽﻔﯿﮐ ﺶﺨﺑ ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺎﭘ و ﯽﯾاور . :ﻊﺒﻨﻣ)
نﻮﺗﺎﭘ
1، 2002 (
شور ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ
ﯽﯾاور
(رﺎﺒﺘﻋا) يﺮﯾﺬﭘروﺎﺑ ﺖﯿﻠﺑﺎﻗ ﺺﺼﺨﺘﻣ ﺖﻔﻫ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ ﺪﯿﺋﺎﺗ
ﺪﯿﺋﺎﺗ
ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺪﻨﭼ يراﺬﮔﺪﮐ ﺖﻬﺟ راﺬﮔﺪﮐ ود زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺪﯿﺋﺎﺗ
لﺎﻘﺘﻧا يﺮﯾﺬﭘ ﺪﻨﺘﺷاﺪﻧ ﺖﮐرﺎﺸﻣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ رد ﻪﮐ ﺺﺼﺨﺘﻣ ﻪﺳ تاﺮﻈﻧ
ﺪﯿﺋﺎﺗ
يﺮﯾﺬﭘﺪﯿﯾﺎﺗ ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ﯽﻣﺎﻤﺗ ﻂﺒﺿ و ﺖﺒﺛ
ﺎﻫ ﺪﯿﺋﺎﺗ
ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺎﭘ
ﺪﻨﯾآﺮﻓ ﯽﺳﺮﺑﺎﺴﺣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ روﺎﺸﻣ و ﺎﻤﻨﻫار ﺪﯿﺗﺎﺳا ﻪﺑ تﺎﻋﻼﻃا نداد راﺮﻗ رﺎﯿﺘﺧا رد
ﺪﯿﺋﺎﺗ
راﺬﮔﺪﮐ ود ﯽﻋﻮﺿﻮﻣ نورد ﻖﻓاﻮﺗ ﺎﺸﻣ يﺎﻫﺪﮐ ندﻮﻤﻧ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ و رﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﻖﻘﺤﻣ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ﻪﺳ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ
و ﻪﺑ
ﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣﺮﯿﻏ :ﺎﻫﺪﮐ ﻞﮐ داﺪﻌﺗ
110 :تﺎﻘﻓاﻮﺗ ﻞﮐ داﺪﻌﺗ 50 :تﺎﻘﻓاﻮﺗ مﺪﻋ ﻞﮐ داﺪﻌﺗ 10909/ :راﺬﮔﺪﮐ ود ﻦﯿﺑ ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺎﭘ
%ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺎﭘ ﺪﯿﺋﺎﺗ و%60 زا ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ
1 . Patton
نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﺖﯿﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ رﻮﺸﻨﻣ ﻦﯾوﺪﺗ و ﯽﺣاﺮﻃ ناﺮﯾا ﯽﻣﻼﺳا يرﻮﻬﻤﺟ ﯽﺷزرو يﺎﻫ
369
ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ يﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﯽﯾاور صﻮﺼﺧ رد مﺮﻓ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ
ﯽﺠﻨﺳ ﯽﯾاور يﺎﻫ وCVI
CVR1
راﺪﻘﻣ .ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﺪﯿﺋﺎﺗ درﻮﻣ ﯽﯾاور ﺎﺑCVR
ﺪﯿﺗﺎﺳا داﺪﻌﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ )
8 ،(ﺮﻔﻧ 80 / 0 راﺪﻘﻣ و زا ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑCVI
79 /0
؛ﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑ ﯽﯾاور .ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﺪﯿﺋﺎﺗ درﻮﻣ ﺎﻣ راﺰﺑا يﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﯽﯾاور ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ
تﻻدﺎﻌﻣ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻪﮐ اﺮﮕﻤﻫ و اﺮﮔاو .ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﺶﺠﻨﺳدرﻮﻣ ،ﺖﺳا يرﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ
ﯽﮔﮋﯾو نﺎﯿﺑ ياﺮﺑ ﯽﻔﯿﺻﻮﺗ لواﺪﺟ زا ﯽﻔﯿﺻﻮﺗ رﺎﻣآ ﺶﺨﺑ رد .ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﯽﻃﺎﺒﻨﺘﺳا رﺎﻣآ و ﯽﻔﯿﺻﻮﺗ رﺎﻣآ ﺶﺨﺑ ود زا ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا رد يﺎﻫ
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ زا .ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﮏﯿﻓاﺮﮔﻮﻣد ﻪﺑ ﯽﮕﻟﻮﭼ و ﯽﮔﺪﯿﺸﮐ يﺎﻫ
هداد ﻊﯾزﻮﺗ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ (ندﻮﺑ ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃﺮﯿﻏ ﺎﯾ و ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ) ﺎﻫ
ياﺮﺑ و هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا
هداد يراﺬﮔﺪﮐ مﺮﻧ زا لﺪﻣ ﯽﺣاﺮﻃ و ﺎﻫ
راﺰﻓا
Max2
ﻪﺨﺴﻧQDA
لﺪﻣ ﻦﯾوﺪﺗ و ﻢﺳر و ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ تﻻاﺆﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ و ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ياﺮﺑ و Pro
هزاﺪﻧا مﺮﻧ زا يرﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ لﺪﻣ و يﺮﯿﮔ يﺎﻫراﺰﻓا
ﻪﺨﺴﻧSPSS
24 ،
Smart PLS
ﻪﺨﺴﻧ 0 /2 .ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا
ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ يﺎﻫ
ﺎﺘﻧ ﯾ ﺞ ﺻﻮﺗ ﺶﺨﺑ ﯿﻔ
ﯽ و ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﯾ
ﮔﮋ ﯽ يﺎﻫ ﻌﻤﺟ ﯿ ﺖ ﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﯽﻔﯿﮐ ﺶﺨﺑ ﯽ ﻪﮐ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ
7 / 16 نآ زا ﺪﺻرد نادﺮﻣ ﯽﻘﺑﺎﻣ و نﺎﻧز ﺎﻫ
.ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ 1/
11 و ﺪﺷرا ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﮐ تﻼﯿﺼﺤﺗ ياراد ﺪﺻرد 9/
88 ﯽﻠﻐﺷ ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ و ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ يﺮﺘﮐد تﻼﯿﺼﺤﺗ ياراد ﺪﺻرد ﻫ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻪﻤ زا ﺶﯿﺑ ﺎﻫ 20
.دﻮﺑ لﺎﺳ ﺪﮐ ﺪﻨﭼ ،ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻦﯾا رد ﻪﻣادا رد ﯽﻣ ﻪﻟﻮﻘﻣ ﮏﯾ ﻪﺑ ﻞﯾﺪﺒﺗ ﯽﻣﻮﻬﻔﻣ
زﺎﺑ يراﺬﮔﺪﮐ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﺮﯾز لواﺪﺟ رد .دﻮﺷ و ﯽﻣﻮﻬﻔﻣ يﺎﻫﺪﮐ سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ
.ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ هدروآ تﻻﻮﻘﻣ
لوﺪﺟ 2 ﻞﮑﺷ و ﻪﯾﻮﻧﺎﺛ يراﺬﮔﺪﮐ . تﻻﻮﻘﻣ ﯽﻫد
ﻒﯾدر ﻪﻟﻮﻘﻣ
ﺎﻫ ﻢﯿﻫﺎﻔﻣ
1 .
يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا ﻪﻨﯾﺰﻫ ندﻮﻤﻧ ﻢﮐ
ﺎﻫ ﯽﯾازلﺎﻐﺘﺷا .2
3 ﯽﻟﺎﻣ ﺖﯿﻓﺎﻔﺷ .
4 نﺎﮕﯾار ﯽﺷزرو تﺎﻣﺪﺧ .
5 نﺎﻨﮐرﺎﮐ ﯽﻫﺎﻓر تﺎﻣﺪﺧ .
6 ﻢﯿﺗ زا ﯽﻟﺎﻣ ﺖﯾﺎﻤﺣ .
ﻪﯾﺎﭘ ﯽﺷزرو يﺎﻫ
7 ﯽﺷزرو ﻦﯾﺮﯿﺧ ﺎﺑ طﺎﺒﺗرا .
8 ﮏﻤﮐ .
تﻮﺴﮑﺸﯿﭘ نارﺎﮑﺷزرو ﻪﺑ ﯽﻟﺎﻣ يﺎﻫ
9 . ﯽﻧﻮﻧﺎﻗ
ﺮﯿﮔﺎﭘ و ﺖﺳد ﻦﯿﻧاﻮﻗ زا يﺮﯿﮔﻮﻠﺟ
10 ﻖﯿﻗد ﯽﺗرﺎﻈﻧ ﻦﯿﻧاﻮﻗ .
11 دﺎﺴﻓ ﺎﺑ هزرﺎﺒﻣ ﻦﯿﻧاﻮﻗ ﺐﯾﻮﺼﺗ .
12 . ﻪﻧﺎﺒﻠﻃواد
ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻪﺑ ﻖﯾﻮﺸﺗ رد ﻪﻧﺎﺒﻠﻃواد يﺎﻫ
نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ
13 ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ مﺎﺠﻧا .
ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ رد ﯽﺷزرو ﻪﻧﺎﺒﻠﻃواد يﺎﻫ
14 ﻪﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﺒﻠﻃواد رﻮﻀﺣ .
يﺎﯾﻼﺑ رد ﮏﻤﮐ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﺒﻃ
ﯽﻌﯿ ) ﻞﯿﺳ ،ﻪﻟﺰﻟز ... و (
15 . ﯽﻗﻼﺧا
نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ رد ماﺪﺨﺘﺳا ﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ ندﻮﺑ ﯽﻗﻼﺧا
16 ﯽﻧاﻮﻠﻬﭘ و ﻪﻧادﺮﻤﻧاﻮﺟ قﻼﺧا ﺞﯾوﺮﺗ .
17 ﯽﺑ ﺎﺑ هزرﺎﺒﻣ .
نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ رد ﯽﻗﻼﺧا
18 . ﺖﺴﯾز
ﯽﻄﯿﺤﻣ ﮏﯿﮑﻔﺗ
ﻪﻟﺎﺑز ﺎﻫ
19 يژﺮﻧا زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا .
ﻂﯿﺤﻣ ﯽﻣﺎﺣ يﺎﻫ ﺖﺴﯾز
20 ﯽﮔدﻮﻟآ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ .
21 ﻂﯿﺤﻣ يزﺎﺳﺎﺒﯾز .
ﺖﺴﯾز
22 ﯽﺷزﻮﻣآ .
ﺮﺘﻬﺑ تﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﻪﺋارا ياﺮﺑ نﺎﻨﮐرﺎﮐ شزﻮﻣآ
23 مدﺮﻣ مﻮﻤﻋ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻧﺎﮕﻤﻫ شزرو شزﻮﻣآ .
1 . Content Validity Ratio & Content Validity Index
2 . Qualitative data analysis
370
ﻣ نﺎﺘﺴﻣز ،مرﺎﻬﭼ ةرﺎﻤﺷ ،ﻢﻫدرﺎﻬﭼ ةرود ،ﯽﺷزرو ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪ 1401
24 هوﺮﮔ هﮋﯾو ،شزرو شزﻮﻣآ .
نﺎﻧاﻮﺟﻮﻧ و نﺎﮐدﻮﮐ ﯽﻨﺳ يﺎﻫ
25 و يدﺮﻓ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ .
ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا و ﯽﻟﺎﻣ ﺖﯾﺎﻤﺣ
ﺐﯿﺳآ نارﺎﮑﺷزرو زا ﯽﻟﺎﻣﺮﯿﻏ هﺪﯾد
26 ﻪﻤﯿﺑ ﻦﯾوﺪﺗ .
ﯽﺷزرو يﺎﻫ
27 ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ و حﻼﺻا ﺰﮐاﺮﻣ ﺎﺑ ﯽﺷزرو ﺖﮐرﺎﺸﻣ .
28 فﺮﺼﻣ ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ .
يژﺮﻧا يژﺮﻧا ﺖﻓر رﺪﻫ زا يﺮﯿﮔﻮﻠﺟ
29 هﻮﯿﺷ .
ﻢﺘﺴﯿﺳ ﻦﯾﻮﻧ يﺎﻫ ﺶﯾﺎﻣﺮﺳ و ﺶﯾﺎﻣﺮﮔ يﺎﻫ
30 ﮏﭼ .
يﺎﻫﺪﺣاو و نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ رد يژﺮﻧا فﺮﺼﻣ ﺖﺴﯿﻟ ز
ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣﺮﯾ ) ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ و ﯽﺷزرو يﺎﻫ ...
(
ًﺎﺘﯾﺎﻬﻧ 30 و ﯽﻣﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﺪﮐ 8
.ﺪﺷ جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا ﯽﻠﺻا ﻪﻟﻮﻘﻣ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ رد هﺪﺷ جﺮﺨﺘﺴﻣ تﻻﻮﻘﻣ نﺎﻤﻫ ﻊﻗاورد ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ يرﻮﺤﻣ يﺎﻫﺪﮐ
ﯽﻣ زﺎﺑ يراﺬﮔﺪﮐ .ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ
مﺮﻧ ﻖﯾﺮﻃ زا ﻪﻣادا رد راﺰﻓا
ﯽﮔﮋﯾو ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ ﻪﺑSPSS
ﺖﯿﻌﻤﺟ يﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ
ﻊﻤﺟ زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺲﭙﺳ و ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ يﺎﻫ يروآ
ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ مﺮﻧ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ
راﺰﻓا
Smart PLS
لاﺆﺳ ﻪﺑ هﺪﺷدﺎﺠﯾا يﺎﻫ .ﺪﺷ ﺪﻫاﻮﺧ هداد ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ي
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺖﯿﺴﻨﺟ ﺖﯿﻌﺿو ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﯽﻔﯿﺻﻮﺗ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ يﺎﻫ
ﻪﮐ 5 /4 ﺖﮐﺮﺷ ﺪﺻرد ﯽﻣ نز ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ رد نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﮐ
.ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﯽﻨﺳ هدر رد ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ يﺎﻫ
35 ﺎﺗ 50 لﺎﺳ ) ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ 7/
72 ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺮﮐا ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ .(ﺪﺻرد يﺮﺘﮐد تﻼﯿﺼﺤﺗ ياراد ﺎﻫ
) ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ 50 .(ﺪﺻرد
ياﺮﺑ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ لﺪﻣ شزاﺮﺑ يﺎﻫ
هزاﺪﻧا
،يﺮﯿﮔ ﻪﺳ رﺎﯿﻌﻣ ﯽﯾاور ،ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺎﭘ اﺮﮕﻤﻫ
و ﯽﯾاور اﺮﮔاو هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﯽﻣ دﻮﺧ ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺎﭘ و دﻮﺷ زا
ﻪﺳ ﻖﯾﺮﻃ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ
ﺐﯾاﺮﺿ يﺎﻫرﺎﺑ
،ﯽﻠﻣﺎﻋ ﺐﯾاﺮﺿ يﺎﻔﻟآ
،خﺎﺒﻧوﺮﮐ ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺎﭘ ﯽﺒﯿﮐﺮﺗ ترﻮﺻ ﯽﻣ راﺪﻘﻣ .دﺮﯾﺬﭘ كﻼﻣ
ياﺮﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ندﻮﺑ ﺐﯾاﺮﺿ يﺎﻫرﺎﺑ ،ﯽﻠﻣﺎﻋ 4/
0
ﯽﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ياﺮﺑ لاﺆﺳ ﯽﻣﺎﻤﺗ ﺐﯾاﺮﺿ ،ﺎﻫ
يﺎﻫرﺎﺑ ﯽﻠﻣﺎﻋ تﻻاﺆﺳ زا 4 /0 ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﺖﺳا ﻪﮐ نﺎﺸﻧ زا ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ندﻮﺑ ﻦﯾا رﺎﯿﻌﻣ رد .دراد ﺎﺠﻨﯾا ﭻﯿﻫ ﮏﯾ
لاﺆﺳ زا راﺪﻘﻣ .ﺪﯾدﺮﮕﻧ فﺬﺣ ﺎﻫ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ
ﻪﺑ يﺎﻔﻟآ خﺎﺒﻧوﺮﮐ ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺎﭘ و ﯽﺒﯿﮐﺮﺗ ﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ رد
،ﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﻪﻤﻫ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ
زا 7 /0 ﯽﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﯽﮐﺎﺣ زا ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺎﭘ
ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ لﺪﻣ دراد . ﻦﯾا رد ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺎﭘ ﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ رد ﺪﺣ بﻮﻠﻄﻣ راﺮﻗ دراد . ﻪﮐﺎﺠﻧآزا ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺎﭘ ﺪﯿﺋﺎﺗ ﯽﻣ دﻮﺷ ﯽﻣ ناﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ تﺎﯿﺿﺮﻓ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ
تﻻدﺎﻌﻣ يرﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺖﺧادﺮﭘ
ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ و ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻢﯿﻤﻌﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻞﮐ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺮﻈﻧدرﻮﻣ ﯽﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . رﺎﯿﻌﻣ مود زا ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ لﺪﻣ يﺎﻫ هزاﺪﻧا
،يﺮﯿﮔ ﯽﯾاور اﺮﮕﻤﻫ ﺖﺳا
ﻪﮐ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﺮﻫ
ﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ تﻻاﺆﺳ ﺎﺑ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ)
(ﺎﻫ دﻮﺧ ﯽﻣ دزادﺮﭘ ﺎﺑ. ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ شور ﻞﻧرﻮﻓ و ﺮﮐرﻻ ﻪﮐ راﺪﻘﻣ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ياﺮﺑ AVE
ار 5/
0 ﻪﺑ ﻻﺎﺑ ﯽﻓﺮﻌﻣ هدﺮﮐ ياﺮﺑ ؛ﺪﻧا ﯽﻣﺎﻤﺗ
،ﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ راﺪﻘﻣ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑAVE
ﺎﯾ يوﺎﺴﻣ 5 /0 ﯽﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﯽﯾاور اﺮﮔاو ﻦﯿﻣﻮﺳ رﺎﯿﻌﻣ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ شزاﺮﺑ
لﺪﻣ يﺎﻫ هزاﺪﻧا يﺮﯿﮔ ﯽﯾاور .ﺖﺳا اﺮﮔاو
ﯽﺘﻗو رد ﺢﻄﺳ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ لﻮﺒﻗ ﺖﺳا ﻪﮐ ناﺰﯿﻣ AVE ﺮﻫ ياﺮﺑ ﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ زا ﺲﻧﺎﯾراو ﯽﮐاﺮﺘﺷا ﻦﯿﺑ نآ
ﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ و يﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﺮﮕﯾد
رد لﺪﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ) ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﺰﺘﯿﻨﺑ 2020
.(
لوﺪﺟ 3 ﺺﺧﺎﺷ . يﺎﻫ هزاﺪﻧا لﺪﻣ شزاﺮﺑ يﺮﯿﮔ
AVE ﯽﺒﯿﮐﺮﺗ ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺎﭘ خﺎﺒﻧوﺮﮐ يﺎﻔﻟآ ﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ
61 /
0 0/85 0/88 يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا
57 /
0 0/73 0/81 ﯽﻧﻮﻧﺎﻗ
60 /
0 0/77 0/80 ﻪﻧﺎﺒﻠﻃواد
61 /
0 0/81 0/79 ﯽﻗﻼﺧا
73 /
0 0/76 0/80 ﯽﻄﯿﺤﻣﺖﺴﯾز
70 /
0 0/79 0/77 ﯽﺷزﻮﻣآ
66 /
0 0/70 0/81 ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا و يدﺮﻓ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ
69 /
0 0/77 0/80 يژﺮﻧا فﺮﺼﻣ ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ
ﺪﻌﺑ زا ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ شزاﺮﺑ لﺪﻣ يﺎﻫ هزاﺪﻧا يﺮﯿﮔ ﺖﺑﻮﻧ ﻪﺑ شزاﺮﺑ لﺪﻣ يرﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ
ﯽﻣ ﺪﺳر . لﺪﻣ يرﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ فﻼﺧﺮﺑ
لﺪﻣ يﺎﻫ هزاﺪﻧا
،يﺮﯿﮔ
ﻪﺑ تﻻاﺆﺳ (رﺎﮑﺷآ يﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ) يرﺎﮐ
دراﺪﻧ و ﺎﻬﻨﺗ يﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ نﺎﻬﻨﭘ
هاﺮﻤﻫ ﺎﺑ ﻂﺑاور نﺎﯿﻣ نآ ﺎﻫ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ار ﯽﻣ
ﺪﻨﮐ .
