Designing a Model for Empowerment and Professional Competence of Taekwondo Referees

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Designing a Model for Empowerment and Professional Competence of Taekwondo Referees

Zahra Shahbaznazad Ganzeq¹ ,Zahra Haji Anzahi²^ , Farideh Ashraf Ganjouei ³

1. Department of Sport Management, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

2. Corresponding Author, Department of Sport Management, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

3. Department of Sport Management, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. E-mail: [email protected]

Article Info ABSTRACT

Article type:

Research Article

Article history:

Received:

28 November 2021 Received in revised form:

14 January 2022 Accepted:

19 January 2022 Published online:

1 January 2023

Keywords:

Taekwondo, Referees, Competence, Eligibility, Professional

Introduction: The success of any organization depends on the proper allocation and use of tools, equipment, financial resources, raw materials and human resources of that organization. Among the factors of production, manpower is undoubtedly the most basic one.

Methods: The present study was conducted with the general aim of designing a model of competence and professional competence of Taekwondo referees. The present research method is mixed. The statistical population included international referees, federation managers and professional athletes. In the qualitative part, the sampling was performed by purposive method and snowball technique and in the quantitative part, the sample size was obtained using Morgan table and sampling was done by stratified random method. The research measurement tools were interviews and questionnaires. The results of the interviews were used to construct a questionnaire.

Results: In order to identify and explain causal, contextual and intervening factors;

identify the dimensions of the axial phenomenon; explain effective strategies and identify the consequences of Taekwondo referees' professional competence and finally designing a Taekwondo referees' professional competency model, the data theory of the foundation was used and the research model was designed using SMART PLS software and MAXQDA software to follow this model.

Conclusion: Managers and other stakeholders of the Islamic Republic Taekwondo Federation of Iran and its affiliated delegations can provide special attention to the categories and indicators expressed in the model, fields and contexts for improving the qualifications of referees in this field.

Cite this article: Cite this article: Sahahbaznejad, Z., HajiAnjehaei, Z., & Ashraf Ganjouei, F. (2023). Designing a model for empowerment and professional competence of Taekwondo referees. Sport Management Journal, 14 (4), 241-260.

https://doi.org/10.22059/jsm.2022.334451.2853

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Introduction

The present research was carried out with the general aim of designing a model of empowerment and professional qualification of Taekwondo referees. Also, identifying the causal factors of empowerment and professional competence;

Identifying background factors on empowerment and professional competence; Identifying factors interfering with empowerment and professional competence; The main conditions (social phenomenon) of empowerment and professional competence; Identifying and explaining specific strategies on empowerment and professional competence;

Identifying the consequences of empowerment and professional competence of Taekwondo judges in the country and finally designing and fitting the model of empowerment and professional competence of Taekwondo judges the current investigatation was conducted in a special research format.

Methods

The current research method is a mixed method which is based on exploratory research in terms of goal and based on basic and applied research in terms of results. The statistical population of the research included all international Taekwondo judges and sports news judges, Taekwondo sports experts, managers of the Taekwondo federation and expert athletes of this field. In the sampling section, targeted sampling and snowball technique were used, and in the quantitative section, the sample volume was obtained using Morgan's table, and sampling was accepted using a sample method of different levels. The measurement tools of the research were interviews and questionnaires. Interviews were conducted with a semi-analytical method and the results of the interviews were used to create a questionnaire. After confirming the validity of the questionnaire, its reliability was also confirmed by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. In order to analyze the collected data, descriptive and inferential statistics methods were used. In the descriptive statistics of the table of demographic characteristics of participation, the research was used, and by using it, a concrete description was summarized and presented. in inferential statistics in order to identify and explain causal, contextual and intervening factors;

identify personality traits; explain of the strategies for identifying and identify the consequences of empowerment and professional competence of Taekwondo judges and finally a plan of professional empowerment and competence of Taekwondo judges was designed using foundation theory and research model with the help of Smart PLS version 3 software.

Results

The results of the research data analysis showed that 5 main categories include scientific and educational development, paying attention to the income and livelihood of Taekwondo referees, improving the empowerment process, identifying several efficient ones, and improving internship courses and branding Taekwondo referees as causal factors; 6 main

collective ability of Taekwondo referees, paying attention to capable Taekwondo referees, developing a scientific view of refereeing, the attention of the federation to Taekwondo referees, and the attention of the media to Taekwondo referees as background factors and 6 main categories include Non-scientific management in refereeing, limitations, low attention to Taekwondo referees, weak management, work development of Taekwondo referees and lack of work of the educational system as interfering factors on the empowerment and professional competence of Taekwondo referees, as well as 4 main requirements including the performance of the boards of Taekwondo , the quality of training courses, planning and consistent management of the training of Taekwondo judges and material and spiritual facilities as the main conditions for the empowerment and professional qualification of Taekwondo judges.

Discussion

Finally, the paradigmatic model (tree diagram) of the empowerment and competence of the professional Taekwondo referee based on the main conditions (social phenomenon), causal, contextual and intervening factors of the machine on the empowerment and professional competence of Taekwondo referees, strategies and finally the consequences of empowerment and the professional qualification of Taekwondo referees was designed and compiled so that by following these models, the managers and other stakeholders of the Islamic Republic Taekwondo Federation of Iran and its subordinate bodies with special attention to the categories and indicators stated in the model, the areas and platforms for improvement would give prepare a proper status for the qualifications of the judges of this field.

Ethical Considerations

Compliance with ethical guidelines:

Funding: The research was done without using financial resources

Authors’ contribution: This research is the result of a PhD thesis.

Conflict of interest: The authors have no conflicts of interest.

Acknowledgments: This research was done with the guidance of

Distinguished professors and the cooperation of research participants.

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ﺣاﺮﻃ ﯽ ﻮﮕﻟا ي زﺎﺳﺪﻨﻤﻧاﻮﺗ ي

ﺣﻼﺻ و ﯿ

ﺖ ا ﻪﻓﺮﺣ ي وﺪﻧاﻮﮑﺗ نارواد

قﺰﻨﮔ داﺰﻧزﺎﺒﻬﺷ اﺮﻫز

، 1

ز ﺟﺎﺣ اﺮﻫ ﯽ ﺎﻫﺰﻧا ﯽﯾ

2

، 

ﺮﻓ ﯾ هﺪ ﻮﺠﻨﮔ فﺮﺷا ﯽﯾ

3

1 . و ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ هوﺮﮔ

،ﯽﺷزر ،يﺰﮐﺮﻣ ناﺮﻬﺗ ﺪﺣاو ﯽﻣﻼﺳا دازآ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد

ناﺮﯾا ،ناﺮﻬﺗ ، :ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺎﯾار .

[email protected]

2.

،لوﺆﺴﻣ هﺪﻨﺴﯾﻮﻧ و ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ هوﺮﮔ

@yahoo.com 1982

sara_haji

3.

هوﺮﮔ و ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ

[email protected]

ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ تﺎﻋﻼﻃا هﺪﯿﮑﭼ

:ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ عﻮﻧ ﯽﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ

رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺦ رد ﯾ ﺖﻓﺎ : 07 / 09 / 1400

:يﺮﮕﻧزﺎﺑ ﺦﯾرﺎﺗ 24

/ 10 / 1400

رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺦ ﺬﭘ ﯾ شﺮ : 29 / 10 / 1400

رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺦ رﺎﺸﺘﻧا : 11 / 10 / 1401

ﺪﯿﻠﮐ هژاو :ﺎﻫ وﺪﻧاﻮﮑﺗ

ﺪﻨﻤﻧاﻮﺗ ي

نارواد ﺎﺷ ﯾ ﮕﺘﺴ ﯽ ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ

: ﻘﻓﻮﻣ ﯿ ﺖ ﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺮﻫ ﯽ ﮕﺘﺴﺑ ﯽ ﺼﺨﺗ ﻪﺑ ﯿ ﺺ ﮔرﺎﮐ ﻪﺑ و ﯿﺮ ي ﻬﺠﺗ ،راﺰﺑا ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﯿ

،تاﺰ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻣﻟﺎ ﯽ

، ﻣ مﺎﺧ داﻮ و ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ

ﻧﺎﺴﻧا ﯽ ﻣزﺎﺳ نآ ﻣزا .دراد نﺎ ﯿ

نﺎ ﻟﻮﺗ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﯿ

،ﺪ ﺑ ﯽ ﻧ ﮏﺷ ﯿ وﺮ ي ﻧﺎﺴﻧا ﯽ ﺳﺎﺳا ﻪﮐ ﯽ ﯾﺮﺗ ﻦ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ا .ﺖﺳ

:ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ شور ﻘﺤﺗ

ﯿ ﻖ ﭘﯿ ﺶ ﺣﺮﻃ ﯽﻠﮐ فﺪﻫ ﺎﺑ ور ﯽ

ﻮﮕﻟا ي ﺪﻨﻤﻧاﻮﺗ ي ﺣﻼﺻ و ﯿ ﺖ ا ﻪﻓﺮﺣ ي ﮑﺗ نارواد ﻧاﻮ ﺪ و مﺎﺠﻧا

ﻣآ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ شور .ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﯿ

ﻪﺘﺨ رﺎﻣآ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ .ﺖﺳا ي

ﺑ نارواد ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﯿ

ﻦ ﻠﻠﻤﻟا ﯽ

، ﺪﻣ ﯾ ناﺮ ﺳارﺪﻓ ﯿ نﻮ و ﺷزرو رﺎﮑ هﺮﺒﺧ نا

اﯾ ﻦ ﮐ ﺶﺨﺑ رد .دﻮﺑ ﻪﺘﺷر ﯿﻔ

ﯽ ﮔ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﯿﺮ ي ﻨﮑﺗ و ﺪﻨﻤﻓﺪﻫ شور ﺎﺑ ﯿ

ﮏ ﻓﺮﺑ ﻪﻟﻮﻠﮔ ﯽ و ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا د

ﺨﺑ ر ﻤﮐ ﺶ ﯽ ﻧﯿ ﺰ ﻢﺠﺣ

ﮔ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ و هﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑ نﺎﮔرﻮﻣ لوﺪﺟ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﯿﺮ

ي ﻓدﺎﺼﺗ شور ﻪﺑ ﯽ

ا ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ي ﻮﺻ ﭘ تر ﺬﯾ ﺖﻓﺮ ا . هزاﺪﻧا راﺰﺑ

ﮔﯿ ﺮ ي ﺎﺘﻧ زا .دﻮﺑ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ و ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﯾ

ﺞ اﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ي

هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ ﺷ

.ﺪ

:ﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ

ﯽﯾ ﺒﺗ و ﯿﯿ ﻦ ﻠﻋ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﯽ

، ﻣز ﯿ ﻪﻨ ا ي ﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ؛ﺮﮔ ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣ و ﯽﯾ

دﺎﻌﺑا ﺪﭘ ﯾﺪ ه رﻮﺤﻣ ي

؛ ﺒﺗ ﯿﯿ ﻦ

ﺎﻫدﺮﺒﻫار ي ﺳﺎﻨﺷ و ﺮﺛﻮﻣ ﺎ

ﯽﯾ ﭘﯿ ﺪﻣﺎ ﺎﻫ ي ﺣﻼﺻ ﯿ ﺖ ا ﻪﻓﺮﺣ ي ﺎﻬﻧ رد و وﺪﻧاﻮﮑﺗ نارواد ﯾ

ﺖ ﺣﺮﻃ ﯽ ا ﻮﮕﻟ ي ﺣﻼﺻ ﯿ ﺖ ﺣ ﻪﻓﺮ

ا ي ﺗ نارواد ﺮﻈﻧ زا وﺪﻧاﻮﮑ ﯾﻪ

ﻨﺑ هداد ﯿ دﺎ ﻮﮕﻟا و ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ي

ﻘﺤﺗ ﯿ ﻖ راﺰﻓا مﺮﻧ ﮏﻤﮐ ﻪﺑ Smart PLS

راﺰﻓا مﺮﻧ و

ﮐ ﺲﮑﻣ ﯿ ادﻮ ﺣاﺮﻃ ﯽ ﺪﺷ .

:يﺮﯿﮔ ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ ﻌﺒﺗ ﺎﺑ

ﯿ ﺖ ا زا ﯾ ﻦ ﺪﻣ ،ﻮﮕﻟا ﯾ ناﺮ ﺎﺳ و ﯾﺮ ارﺪﻓ نارﺎﮐرﺪﻧا ﺖﺳد ﺳ

ﯿ نﻮ وﺪﻧاﻮﮑﺗ ي ﺟ ﻤ ﻬ رﻮ ي ﻣﻼﺳا ﯽ اﯾ ناﺮ و

ﻫﯿ تﺎ ﺎﻫ ي و ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺘﺑ ﻪﻌﺑﺎﺗ ﯾ

هﮋ ﻻﻮﻘﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ و ت ي

ﺑﯿ نﺎ ﻣز ،ﻮﮕﻟا رد هﺪﺷ ﯿ

ﻪﻨ ﻫ و ﺎ ﺑ ﺎﻫﺮﺘﺴ ي ا ﺎﻘﺗر ي ﻌﺿو ﯿ ﺖ

ﺎﺷ ﯾ ﮕﺘﺴ ﯽ ﺎﻫ ي ا نارواد ﯾ ﻦ ﻬﻣ ار ﻪﺘﺷر ﯿﺎ .ﺪﻧزﺎﺳ

دﺎﻨﺘﺳا : داﮋﻧزﺎﺒﻬﺷ ، اﺮﻫز ؛ ﯽﯾﺎﻫﺰﻧا ﯽﺟﺎﺣ ،

اﺮﻫز

؛ و ﯽﯾﻮﺠﻨﮔ فﺮﺷا ،

هﺪﯾﺮﻓ ) 1401 .(

ﺣاﺮﻃ ﯽ ﻮﮕﻟا ي زﺎﺳﺪﻨﻤﻧاﻮﺗ ي ﺣﻼﺻ و ﯿ ﺖ ا ﻪﻓﺮﺣ ي وﺪﻧاﻮﮑﺗ نارواد .

ﻪﯾﺮﺸﻧ ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ

ﺷزرو ﯽ

،) 4(

14

، 260-241 .

2022.334451.2853

jsm.

/ 10.22059 https://doi.org/

ﺎﻧ .ﯽﺘﺳرﺪﻨﺗ و ﯽﺷزرو مﻮﻠﻋ هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد ،ناﺮﻬﺗ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد :ﺮﺷ

ﺴﯾﻮﻧ© .نﺎﮔﺪﻨ

(4)

ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ

ﯽﺑ ﯽﻣ ﻞﯿﮑﺸﺗ ﯽﻧﺎﺴﻧا ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ار نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺮﻫ يﺎﻨﺑﺮﯾز ﮓﻨﺳ ،ﮏﺷ ﺪﻨﻫد

،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﯽﻔﯾﺮﻇ) 1397

(.

ﻘﻓﻮﻣ ﯿ ﺖ ﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺮﻫ صﻮﺼﺨﻟا ﯽﻠﻋ ﯽ

،ﯽﺷزرو يﺎﻫ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﮕﺘﺴﺑ

ﯽ ﺼﺨﺗ ﻪﺑ ﯿ ﺺ ﮔرﺎﮐ ﻪﺑ و ﯿﺮ

ي ﻬﺠﺗ ،راﺰﺑا ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﯿ

،تاﺰ ﻟﺎﻣ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﯽ

، ﻧﺎﺴﻧا ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ و مﺎﺧ داﻮﻣ ﯽ

راد نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ نآ د

) ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﯽﻟﻼﺟ 1397

( ﯽﻧﺎﻬﺟ ﺮﺼﻋ رد . ،يژﻮﻟﻮﻨﮑﺗ نوﺰﻓازور ﺖﻓﺮﺸﯿﭘ و نﺪﺷ

ﻪﯾﺎﻣﺮﺳ ﯽﻧﺎﺴﻧا ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻤﻬﻣ

ﻪﯾﺎﻣﺮﺳ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ و ﺎﻫ

ﯽﻣ رﺎﻤﺷ ﻪﺑ راﺪﯾﺎﭘ ﯽﺘﺑﺎﻗر ﺖﯾﺰﻣ ﺐﺴﮐ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ دور

ﻦﯿﻔﯾرآ) ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و1

2019 (.

ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﻧﺎﺴﻧا ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﯽ

اﺮﺑ ﺶﺨﺑﺮﺛا ي

ﻘﻓﻮﻣ ﯿ ﺖ ﺮﻫ

ﻣزﺎﺳ ﻧﺎ ﯽ ﺣ ﯿﺗﺎ ﯽ ﺰﻧر) ﺖﺳا ،2

2016 ﻣ (.

نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ رد ﯽﺗﺎﯿﺣ و ﻢﻬﻣ ﺶﻘﻧ هراﻮﻤﻫ ناﺮﯾﺪ ﯽﻣ ﺎﻔﯾا ﺎﻫ

ﺮﯾاد ﻞﮑﯾﺎﻣ و جرﻮﺟ) ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ،3

2015 .(

نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ رد ﺪﻨﻤﻧاﻮﺗ و ﻪﺘﺴﯾﺎﺷ ناﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﺶﻘﻧ شﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﺪﺣ ناﺪﺑ ﺎﻫ

ﯾ و ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻤﻬﻣ ﻒﯾدر رد ار ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﻢﻠﻋ ﻪﮐ ﻪﺘﻓﺎ

هﺪﯿﭽﯿﭘ ﻪﺘﺷر ﻦﯾﺮﺗ ﮐ بﻮﺴﺤﻣ ﯽﻧﺎﺴﻧا مﻮﻠﻋ يﺎﻫ

هدﺮ ﺪﻧا ﺰﻨﯿﺑار) ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و4

2013 .(

هﺪﻤﻋ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ،ﺪﻣارﺎﮐ ﯽﻧﺎـﺴﻧا يوﺮـﯿﻧ

نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﮏﯾ يﺮﺗﺮﺑ ﺖـﺳا ﺮـﮕﯾد يﺎﻫ

) ،هداز يﺪﯿﻤﺣ 1390

.(

ﻦﯾاﺮﺑ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ،سﺎﺳا هﺎﮕﺷﺎﺑ و ﯽﺷزرو يﺎﻫ

ﺪﯾﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ

شور ﻪﺑ ار ﯽﯾﺎﻫ ﺐﺣﺎﺻ ﺎﺗ ﺪﻧﺮﯿﮔ رﺎﮐ

ﺄﺗ ار ﺎﻬﻧآ ﻊﻓﺎﻨﻣ و ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ار دﻮﺧ نﺎﻌﻔﻧ ﺪﻨﯾﺎﻤﻧ ﻦﯿﻣ

،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﯽﻔﯾﺮﻇ) 1397

( ا . نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ هزوﺮﻣ ﺎﻫ

ﯽﻤﻧ ﻢﮐ و اﺮﮔ ﺖﺻﺮﻓ و ﮏﺑﺎﭼ ،ﮏﭼﻮﮐ يﺎﺒﻗر ﺮﺑ حﺮﻃ ﺪﻨﭼ ياﺮﺟا ﺎﯾ ﻖﻟﺎﺧ داﺮﻓا ﯽﮐﺪﻧا داﺪﻌﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺗ ﻨﯾآ ﻖﺋﺎﻓ ﻪﻨﯾﺰﻫ

و ﺖﺳوﺪﯿﻠﻋ) ﺪ

،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ 1399

(.

ﻪﺘﺴﯾﺎﺷ مﺎﻈﻧ دﻮﺟو ﺎﺳ

ﻻ ﯽﻣ نآ ماﻮﻗ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ يرﻮﺸﮐ ﺮﻫ رد ير دﻮﺷ

ا . ﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﯽﯾﻮﺳ ز ﺖﯿﻓﺮﻇ يزﺎﺳﺪﻣآزور و شروﺮﭘ ،ﯽﯾﺎ

،ﺎﻫ

ﯽﮕﺘﺴﯾﺎﺷ ﺖﯿﻠﺑﺎﻗ و ﺎﻫ

ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ رﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﺶﻘﻧ ﯽﻧﺎـﺴﻧا يوﺮـﯿﻧ يﺎﻫ هﺪﻨﻨﮐ

ﻂﯿﺤﻣ رد نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ تﺎﯿﺣ ﻪﻣادا و ﺎﻘﺑ رد يا ﯽﺘﺑﺎﻗر يﺎﻫ

دراد و يرﻮﻧ)

( . نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﯽﻣ ﺎﻫ هﺮﻬﺑ ﺎﺑ ﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺗ ﺪﻨﺸﺨﺑ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ ار دﻮﺧ ﯽﺘﺑﺎﻗر دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ،دﻮﺧ ﯽﻧﺎﺴﻧا ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ زا يﺮﯿﮔ

،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و يﺪﻧﻮﻟﺎﺑ)

1398 (.

ﺖﯿﻤﻫا ﺎﺑ زا ﯽﮑﯾ ﯽﮕﺘﺴﯾﺎﺷ و ﺖﯿﺣﻼﺻ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﻨﯿﻣز ﻦﯾﺮﺗ

هار ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻤﻬﻣ و ﯽﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ يﺎﻫ ﺖﯿﺣﻼﺻ ﺺﯿﺨﺸﺗ ياﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ

ﯽﻠﻐﺷ يﺎﻫ

ﺖﺳا ﻪﻓﺮﺣ ﮏﯾ ،ﻦﭼ)

2004 ( مﺪﻗ زا ﯽﮑﯾ . ﺖﯿﺣﻼﺻ داﺮﻓا شزﻮﻣآ ياﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ

ﻞﻐﺷ زاﺮﺣا رد راد ﯽﮕﺘﺴﯾﺎﺷ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ ،ﺎﻫ

زا ﻪﻓﺮﺣ نآ ﻢﻬﻣ يﺎﻫ

ﯽﻣ داﺮﻓا ﻪﺑ شزﻮﻣآ ياﺮﺑ تﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻖﯾﺮﻃ ) ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

8 ﺖﯿﺣﻼﺻ .(

ترﺎﻬﻣ ،ﺎﻫ ﯽﮔﮋﯾو و مﻮﻠﻋ ،ﺎﻫ

رد ﺖﯿﻘﻓﻮﻣ ياﺮﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﯽﺘﯿﺼﺨﺷ يﺎﻫ

ﯾ ياﺮﺟا ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ مزﻻ ﻞﻐﺷ ﮏ نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و دراﻮﻫ)

2005 ، ( تﻮﭙﻠﯿﻓ . ترﺎﻬﻣ زا ﯽﺒﯿﮐﺮﺗ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ار ﺖﯿﺣﻼﺻ ﺶﻧارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و5

و ﺶﻧاد ،ﺎﻫ

شﺮﮕﻧ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻪﺑ ﺶﻘﻧ ﮏﯾ مﺎﺠﻧا ياﺮﺑ زﺎﯿﻧ درﻮﻣ يﺎﻫ ﯽﻣ ﻒﯾﺮﻌﺗ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺮﺛا يا

،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و تﻮﭙﻠﯿﻓ) ﺪﻨﮐ 2011

ﺲﯾﺰﺗﺎﯾﻮﺑ ﺮﻈﻧ زا .(

6

ﯽﮔﮋﯾو ،ﺖﯿﺣﻼﺻ ﯽﯾﺎﻫ

ﺖﯿﺣﻼﺻ ﺮﮕﯾد ترﺎﺒﻋ ﻪﺑ دراد طﺎﺒﺗرا درﻮﻣ ﻞﻐﺷ رد ﺶﺨﺑ ﺮﺛا ﺎﯾ ﺮﺗﺮﺑ دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا لاد ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ يﺪﻫاﻮﺷ ﺎﻫ

ﯽﮔﮋﯾو دﺮﻓ ﻪﮑﻨﯾا ﺮﺑ دراد ﺶﺨﺑ ﺮﺛا ﺎﯾ ﺮﺗﺮﺑ دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ياﺮﺑ ﯽﯾﺎﻫ

،ﺲﯾﺰﺗﺎﯾﻮﺑ) 2010

.(

ﯽﮔﮋﯾو ﯽﮕﺘﺴﯾﺎﺷ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ياﺮﺑ زﺎﯿﻧ درﻮﻣ يﺎﻫ

ﻞﻐﺷ ﺖﺳرد مﺎﺠﻧا ﺖﯿﻌﻗﻮﻣ رد ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ

يﺎﻫ ﯽﻣ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ار ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺮﺴﯿﮐ) ﺪﻨﮐ

،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و7

2006 ﺖﯿﺣﻼﺻ ﻒﯾرﺎﻌﺗ .(

-

ﺖﯿﺣﻼﺻ .ﺖﺳا ﻒﯾرﺎﻌﺗ ﻦﯿﻤﻫ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﺰﯿﻧ ﯽﺘﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ يﺎﻫ ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ زا ﻞﮑﺸﺘﻣ ﯽﺘﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ يﺎﻫ

هﺰﯿﮕﻧا و ﯽﯾﺎﻧاﻮﺗ ،ترﺎﻬﻣ ،ﺶﻧاد زا يا

،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و تﻮﭙﻠﯿﻓ) ﺪﻫد مﺎﺠﻧا ﯽﺑﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ ار ﻪﻟﻮﺤﻣ ﻒﯾﺎﻇو ﺪﻧاﻮﺘﺑ ﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﻪﮑﻨﯾا رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳا 2011

ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ زا ﻦﺨﺳ هزوﺮﻣا .(

ﻢﺘﺴﯿﺳﺮﯾز مﺎﻤﺗ ﯽﻨﻌﯾ ،ﺖﺳا ﺖﯿﺣﻼﺻ يﺎﻨﺒﻣ ﺮﺑ ﯽﻧﺎﺴﻧا ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ،ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ،شادﺎﭘ ،دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ،بﺬﺟ ﺮﯿﻈﻧ ﯽﻧﺎﺴﻧا ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﯽﻠﺻا يﺎﻫ

ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و تﻮﭙﻠﯿﻓ) ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﺖﯿﺣﻼﺻ ﺮﺑ ﯽﻨﺘﺒﻣ ﺪﯾﺎﺑ ﻪﻤﻫ يروﺮﭘ ﻦﯿﺸﻧﺎﺟ و ﯽﻠﻐﺷ يﺎﻫﺮﯿﺴﻣ يﺰﯾر 2011

.(

زا ﯽﮑﯾ

1. Arifin et al

2. Renz

3. Georges & Michelle Dyer

4. Robines

5. Philpot

6. Boyatzis

7. Kaiser

(5)

ﻪﻨﯿﻣز ﻌﺗ و ﺖﯿﺣﻼﺻ ﺰﯿﻧ ﯽﺷزرو ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ رد ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ يﺎﻫ ﯽﮕﺘﺴﯾﺎﺷ ﻦﯿﯿ

ﯽﮕﺘﺴﯾﺎﺷ ﻦﯾا و ﺖﺳا ﯽﺷزرو ناﺮﯾﺪﻣ زﺎﯿﻧ درﻮﻣ يﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ ﺪﯾﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ

هدﺎﻣآ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﺖﺴﭘ زاﺮﺣا ياﺮﺑ داﺮﻓا ندﺮﮐ

ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﯽﺘﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ يﺎﻫ ،ﻦﭼ)

2004 .(

بﺎﺨﺘﻧا يﺎﻨﺒﻣ ﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ ﺖﯿﺣﻼﺻ

ﻪﻫد رد ﻪﺑ ،ﺮﯿﺧا يﺎﻫ

نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﯽﯾﺎﻧاﻮﺗ رﻮﺤﻣ ﻪﯾﺎﻣﺮﺳ اﺮﯾز .ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﻞﯾﺪﺒﺗ ﺎﻬﻧآ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ءﺎﻘﺗرا و شروﺮﭘ ،ﻆﻔﺣ ،بﺬﺟ ياﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ

ﯽﮕﺘﺴﯾﺎﺷ يور ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﻪﭼ ﺮﻫ يراﺬﮔ

ترﺎﻬﻣ ،ﺎﻫ ﺖﯿﻠﺑﺎﻗ و ﺎﻫ

ﺴﻧا يوﺮﯿﻧ يﺎﻫ ﺪﻣ ﻢﻬﻣ و ﯽﺳﺎﺳا يﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا ﯽﻋﻮﻧ ﻪﻟﺰﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻧﺎ

ﺖﺳا ﺮﻈﻧ ﯽﮑﺴﻓﻮﻧﺎﺳور)

،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و1

2014 .(

ﺎﻫدﺮﮑﯾور ي ﮕﺘﺴﯾﺎﺷ ﯽ رﻮﺤﻣ ﮑﯾ ﯽ ﺎﻫراﺰﺑا زا ي ﺎﻫﺪﻨﯾآﺮﻓ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ و ﺖﯾﻮﻘﺗ رد ﻢﻬﻣ ي

ﺘﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﯽ ﺖﺳا ،يدﺎﺠﺳ) 1387

(.

) ﮓﻧاﺮﺘﺴﻣرآ 2013

(

ترﺎﻬﻣ ،ﺶﻧاد ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ار ﯽﮕﺘﺴﯾﺎﺷ ﻋ ،ﯽﺘﯿﺼﺨﺷ تﺎﯿﺻﻮﺼﺧ ،ﺎﻫ

ﻼ ﻪﺑﺮﺠﺗ ،ﻖﯾ يﺪﻨﻤﻧاﻮﺗ و ﺎﻫ

ﺒﺗﺮﻣ يﺎﻫ ﯽﻣ ﻞﻐﺷ ﺎﺑ ﻂ ﺎﻬﻧآ هﺪﻧراد ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧاد

ﯽﻣ ردﺎﻗ ار ﺎﺑ ﯽﺤﻄﺳ رد دزﺎﺳ

ﺗﻻ ﯽﻣ ﻪﺋارا ار ﯽﯾﻮﮕﻟا ﯽﮕﺘﺴﯾﺎﺷ .دزادﺮﭙﺑ ﺖﯿﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ يﺎﻔﯾا ﻪﺑ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺪﺣ زا ﺮ ﺎﯾ دﺮﻓ هﺪﻨﻫﺪﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﮐ

ﺖﺳا ﻪﻟﻮﺤﻣ ﻞﻐﺷ رد ﺮﺗﺮﺑ دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و يرﻮﻧ)

1395 (.

ﯽﯾﺎﻧاﻮﺗ ﻪﭼ ﻦﯿﻌﻣ ﻞﻐﺷ ﺮﻫ رد ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﻧاﺪﺑ ﺪﻧراد زﺎﯿﻧ شزرو ناﺮﯾﺪﻣ درﻮﻣ يﺎﻫ

ﯽﯾﺎﻧاﻮﺗ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا ﻪﺑ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ رد .ﺖﺳا زﺎﯿﻧ ﺖﺳا مزﻻ ﻞﻐﺷ نآ زا ﯽﻠﻣﺎﮐ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗو ﻪﯾﺰﺠﺗ ،ﻞﻐﺷ ﺮﻫ هﮋﯾو يﺎﻫ

،يدﺎﺠﺳ) 1387

.(

رد ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ نﻮﭼ

ﺖﯿﺣﻼﺻ زا رﺮﮑﻣ يﺎﻫ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا ﯽﺷزرو ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﻪﻄﯿﺣ نﺎﻘﻘﺤﻣ ﺖﺳا ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ لﺎﺣ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ رد ﻞﻐﺷ ﮏﯾ ياﺮﺟا زﺎﯿﻧ درﻮﻣ يﺎﻫ

ار شزرو

هدﺮﮐ دﺎﻬﻨﺸﯿﭘ .ﺪﻧا

ﺎﺑ ﺑدا روﺮﻣ ﯿ تﺎ

،ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﺷور

ﻣ ﯽ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻪﮐ دﻮﺷ ﺎﻫ

ي ﻧاواﺮﻓ ﯽ ﺪﭘ درﻮﻣ رد ﯾ

هﺪ ﺣﻼﺻ ﯿ ﺖ ﺎﻫﻮﮕﻟا و ي ﺣﻼﺻ ﯿ ﺖ دراد دﻮﺟو مﺎﻋ

) ﻬﻟاﺪﺒﻋ ﯽ

،دﺮﻓ 1389 ( . ﺎﻬﺸﻫوﮋﭘ رد ﻪﭼ ي

اﯾ ﻧاﺮ ﯽ ﺷﻮﻫ) ﯿ رﺎ و ﺣر ﯿ ﻢﻧ ﯿ،ﺎ 1392 ؛ قدﺎﺻرﻮﭘ ، 1398 ﺪﻤﺣا و رﻮﭙﺳﺎﺒﻋ ؛ ي

، 1395 ؛ ﻘﺷﺎﻋ ﯽ و

ﻧﺎﻣﺮﻬﻗ ﯽ

، 1396 (،

ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ رد ﻪﭼ ﺎﻫ

ي ﺟرﺎﺧ ﯽ ،رﺎﮐرﺎﺳ) 2013 ،ﺖﻓر ، 2013 ﻟ ، ﯿ

،ﺎﻣﺎﮑ 2015 ،اوﺎﮐرﻮﮑﺳا و 2016

( ﻟو ﯽ ﺎﺑ اﯾ ﻦ دﻮﺟو ﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﯽ

ﻪﮐ رد نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺎﻫ ي ﺷزرو ﯽ ﻪﺑ اﯾ ﻦ عﻮﺿﻮﻣ دورو هدﺮﮐ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ دﺮﮕﻧ ﯾﺪ . اﺮﺑ ي ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ،لﺎﺜﻣ دﺎﻨﻗ

ي ) داﮋﻧ 2020 رد ( ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﮐ

ﻫﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﯽ ) دﺎﻨﻗ ي ﮋﻧ

،دا 2020 ( ﻧﺎﻐﻣاد و ، ﯿ نﺎ و ﯾ ﻧادﺰ ﯽ ز ﯾ ترﺎ ) 1396 هرادا رد ( ﺎﻫ ي اﺮﺟا ﯽﯾ نﺎﺳاﺮﺧ نﺎﺘﺳا )

ﻧﺎﻐﻣاد ﯿ نﺎ و ﯾ ﻧادﺰ ﯽ

، 1396 ( ،

ﻧرودﺎﺳ ﯿ ﻞ ) 2019 ﺖﮐﺮﺷ رد ( ﺎﻫ

ي ﻟﻮﺗ ﯿ هﺪﻨﻨﮐﺪ ﺷﺎﻣ ﯿ ﻦ ﺎﻫ ي ﻗﺮﺑ ﯽ ) ﻦﻨﭘﻮﮐ و ،ﺎﭘورا رد 2019

ﺖﮐﺮﺷ رد ،(

ﺎﻫ ي ﺑﯿ ﻦ ﻠﻠﻤﻟا ﯽ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا زا هﺪﻨﻨﮐ ار دﺮﺒﻫ

ﺖﮐﺮﺷ ﻪﺑ ﺖﮐﺮﺷ B2

2 )B ﻦﻨﭘﻮﮐ ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و 2019

( مﺎﺠﻧا هﺪﺷ ﺖﺳا .

ﺎﺘﻧ ﯾ ﺞ ﻘﺤﺗ ﯿ تﺎﻘ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ هداد ﻪﮐ هﺎﮔﺮﻫ رد نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺎﻫ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻧﺎﺴﻧا ﯽ ﺎﺷ ﯾ ﻪﺘﺴ و ﺪﻨﻤﻧاﻮﺗ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا هﺪﺷ ﺮﺑ سﺎﺳا ﻂﺑاﻮﺿ و ﺺﺧﺎﺷ

ﺎﻫ ي ﻤﻠﻋ ﯽ راﺮﻗ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ

،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻘﻓﻮﻣ ﯿ ﺖ نآ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ رد ﺳر ﯿ نﺪ ﻪﺑ ﺶﻓاﺪﻫا ﻤﻀﺗ ﯿ ﻦ ﺪﻫاﻮﺧ ﺪﺷ ﻨﺧ) ﯿ ﺮﻔ و

، ﻣا ﻣﺎ ﯽ ﻣ ﯿ ﺪﺒ ي و

و ﺮﻓ ﯾﺪ ﺤﺘﻓ ﯽ و

.(

ﻠﺳو ﯿ ﮏﻨ ) 2016 ( ﻃ ﯽ ﻘﺤﺗ ﯿ ﺗﺎﻘ ﯽ ﻪﺑ اﯾ ﻦ ﺎﺘﻧ ﯾ ﺞ ﺳر ﯿﺪ ﻪﮐ ﺎﺷ لﺎﺼﺗا ، ﯾ

ﮕﺘﺴ ﯽ ﺎﻇو ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ ﯾ ﻒ

ﻠﺻا ﯽ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻣ ﯽ ا دﻮﺷ ﯾ ﻦ ﺎﺷ ﯾ ﮕﺘﺴ ﯽ ﺮﺗرادﺎﻨﻌﻣ هﺪﺷ و ﺖﺻﺮﻓ هﺮﻬﺑ ﺪﻨﻣ ي .ددﺮﮔ ﻢﻫاﺮﻓ ﺎﻬﻧآ زا ﯾﻮ

و ﮓﻧو ) 2015 ( رد ﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﯽ ﻪﺑ اﯾ ﻦ ﺘﻧ ﯿ ﻪﺠ

ﺳر ﯿ ﺪﻧﺪ ﻪﮐ ﺤﻣ ﯿ ﻂ ﻧﺎﺴﻧا ﯽ ﺮﻫ ﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﯽ

، ﻊﺟﺮﻣ ﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﯽ ﻤﻬﻣ ﯽ ﺖﺳا و داﺮﻓا ﻪﺑ نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و رد سار نآ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻣ ﯾ ناﺮ دﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻊﺟﺮﻣ

ﺶﻧاد ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻧﺮﮕﻧ . ﻟﻮﮐ ﯿ ﻦ ) 2016 ( ﺪﻘﺘﻌﻣ دﻮﺑ ﻪﮐ رد لﺎﺣ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ هﻮﺤﻧ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا داﺮﻓا رد ﻫ ﯿ ﺖﺌ ﺋر ﯿ ﻪﺴ ﺳارﺪﻓ ﯿ نﻮ ﺎﻫ ﺑﯿ ﺮﺘﺸ زا هﺎﮕﻧ ﺎﺷ ﯾ ﻪﺘﺴ

رﻻﺎﺳ ي آﺮﻓ ﯾ ﺪﻨ ي ﻪﻄﺑار رﻮﺤﻣ ﻣ ﯽ ﺑ ﺪﺷﺎ و ﺎﻀﻌﺑ ﺴﺑ ﯿ رﺎ ي زا ﺎﻀﻋا ﺮﺑ سﺎﺳا شرﺎﻔﺳ ، ﻪﻄﺑار و ﯾﺎ زا ور ي ﺎﻫرﺎﺸﻓ ي ﺟرﺎﺧ ﯽ و ﺳ ﯿ ﺳﺎ ﯽ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا و

بﻮﺼﻨﻣ ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻧدﺮﮔ . ﺟﯿ ﺰﻤ لﺎﺑ ) ﺶﻧارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و3

2008 ور ( ي ﺣﻼﺻ ﯿ ﺖ ﺎﻫ ي ﺪﻣ ﯾ ناﺮ تﺎﻗوا ﺖﻏاﺮﻓ رد هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﺎﻫ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ و ﺪﻣ ﯾﺮ ﯾ ﺖ

ﻦﮐﺎﻣا و ﻬﺠﺗ ﯿ تاﺰ ﺷزرو ﯽ و ﻨﮑﺗ ﯿ ﮏ ﺎﻫ ي ﺪﻣ ﯾﺮ ﯾ ﺖ و ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ رﯾ ﺰ ي ار ءﺰﺟ ﺮﺘﻤﻬﻣ ﯾ ﻦ ﺎﺷ ﯾ ﮕﺘﺴ ﯽ ﺎﻫ اﺮﺑ ي ﺎﻬﻧآ شراﺰﮔ ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ . ﻫﯿ ﺰﻨ و تﺮﺑرﻮﻧ

4

) 2003 ور ( ي ﺎﺷ ﯾ ﮕﺘﺴ ﯽ ﺎﻫ ي ﺪﻣ ﯾ ناﺮ بﻮﻠﮐ ﺎﻫ ي ﺷزرو ﯽ رد نﺎﻤﻟآ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ و ﺗرا ﯿ تﺎﻃﺎ و ﻂﺑاور ﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﯽ

، ﺪﻣ ﯾﺮ ﯾ ﺖ رازﺎﺑ ﯾﺑﺎ ﯽ و ﻠﺒﺗ ﯿ تﺎﻐ ار

1. Rusanovskiy

2. Business to Business

3. James Ball

4. Heinz & Norbert

(6)

زا ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ﻢﻬﻣ ﺮﺗ ﯾ ﻦ ﺎﺷ ﯾ ﮕﺘﺴ ﯽ ﺎﻫ شراﺰﮔ ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ . ﮐﯿ ﺲ و ﭻﻧﺮﺑ )1

2003 ور ( ي ﺣﻼﺻ ﯿ ﺖ ﺎﻫ ي ﺪﻣ ﯾ ناﺮ حﻮﻄﺳ ﻧﺎﻗﻮﻓ ﯽ و ﻧﺎﺘﺤﺗ ﯽ ﻦﮐﺎﻣا و

ﻬﺠﺗ ﯿ تاﺰ ﺷزرو ﯽ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ و شراﺰﮔ ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ ﻪﮐ ﻪﺟدﻮﺑ ﺪﻨﺑ ي و ترﺎﻬﻣ ﺎﻫ ي ﻃﺎﺒﺗرا ﯽ رد حﻮﻄﺳ ﻧﺎﻗﻮﻓ ﯽ و ترﺎﻬﻣ ﺎﻫ ي ﻃﺎﺒﺗرا ﯽ و اﯾ دﺎﺠ و

ﻆﻔﺣ اﯾ ﻨﻤ ﯽ ﻬﺠﺗ ﯿ تاﺰ رد حﻮﻄﺳ ﻧﺎﺘﺤﺗ ﯽ ﺮﺘﻤﻬﻣ ﯾ ﻦ ﺎﺷ ﯾ ﮕﺘﺴ ﯽ ﺎﻫ ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ . ﮓﻨﭘ )2

2000 ﯽﮕﺘﺴﯾﺎﺷ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ رد ( يﺎﻫ

درﻮﻣ زﺎﯿﻧ ناﺮﯾﺪﻣ

يﺎﻫداﺪﯾور ﯽﺷزرو

رد ﺎﮑﯾﺮﻣآ شراﺰﮔ دﺮﮐ ﻪﮐ ﺑﯿ ﻦ تاﺮﻈﻧ ﺗﺎﺳا ﯿﺪ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد و ﺪﻣ ﯾ ناﺮ راﺰﮔﺮﺑ ي تﺎﻘﺑﺎﺴﻣ ﺳارﺪﻓ ﯿ نﻮ ﺎﻫ ي ﺷزرو ﯽ توﺎﻔﺗ ﻨﻌﻣ ﯽ -

راد ي ﺮﺘﻤﻬﻣ ار ناﺪﻨﻣرﺎﮐ ﺎﺑ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ طﺎﺒﺗرا ﻆﻔﺣ و دراﺪﻧ دﻮﺟو ﯾ

ﻦ ﺎﺷ ﯾ ﮕﺘﺴ ﯽ .دﺮﮐ شراﺰﮔ ﻫﺎﮕﻧ ﺎﺑ

ﯽ ﺎﻫدﺮﺑرﺎﮐ ﻦﯾا ﻪﺑ ي

ﻣ رد توﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﯽ

ﺑﺎﯾ ﻢﯿ ﻪﮐ

ﮕﺘﺴﯾﺎﺷ ﺶﺠﻨﺳ ﯽ

رﺎﮐ ﺎﻫ ي ﺼﺼﺨﺗ ﯽ ﻧ و هدﻮﺑ زﺎﯿ دﺮﮑﯾور ﻪﺑ ي

ﺗ و ﻢﺠﺴﻨﻣ ﯽﻤﯿ

ﻪﻓﺮﺣ ا

،ي ﺻﺎﺧ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ و تﺎﻧﺎﮑﻣا و ﺮﺤﺒﺘﻣ ﯽ

دراد د) ﯾﺮ و

د

،ﺮﯾ 2017 .(

حﺮﻃ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺐﯿﺳآ يﺎﻫ

ﺶﻟﺎﭼ و ﺎﻫﺎﻨﮕﻨﺗ ،ﯽﻧﺎﺴﻧا ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﯽﻧﺎﺴﻧا ﻪﯾﺎﻣﺮﺳ ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﺶﺨﺑ رد ﺎﻫ

يﺎﻫ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ رد

ﯽﺷزرو ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ و ﯽﺋاﺮﺟا يﺎﻬﻫﺎﮕﺘﺳد رد ﯽﮕﺘﺴﯾﺎﺷ خﺮﻧ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ،ﯽﮕﺘﺴﯾﺎﺷ يﺎﻫﻮﮕﻟا رد ﯽﯾﺎﺳرﺎﻧ زا ﻢﻋا ، ﺎﻫ

ﯽﺳﺎﺳا تﺎﻣاﺪﻗا و ﺎﻫدﺮﺒﻫار ،

هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا و ﯽﺣاﺮﻃ ﺎﺑ و دزرو تردﺎﺒﻣ طﺎﺒﺗرا ﻦﯾا رد ﯽﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ مﺎﺠﻧا ﻪﺑ ﺎﺗ ﺖﺷاد نآ ﺮﺑ ار ﻖﻘﺤﻣ صﻮﺼﺧ ﻦﯾا رد ﯽﻧﺎﺴﻧا ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ نﺎﯿﻟﻮﺘﻣ ﺮﻈﻧﺪﻣ مﺎﻈﻧ و ﺎﻫدﺮﺒﻫار ندﻮﻤﻧ ﯽﺋاﺮﺟا رد ار نﺎﯿﻟﻮﺘﻣ ﯽﮕﺘﺴﯾﺎﺷ ﺮﺑ ﯽﻨﺘﺒﻣ ﯽﻧﺎﺴﻧا ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ يﺎﺘﺳار رد ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻮﮕﻟا ﮏﯾ زا و ﯽﮕﺘﺴﯾﺎﺷ ﺮﺑ ﯽﻨﺘﺒﻣ

بﺎﺼﺘﻧا و بﺎﺨﺘﻧا نارواد

ﯾﻮﮕﻟا .ﺪﯾﺎﻤﻧ يرﺎﯾ ﯽﮕﺘﺴﯾﺎﺷ ﻪﯾﺎﭘ ﺮﺑ ﯽ

ﯽﻧﺎﺴﻧا ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ رد لﺎﺣ ﻪﺑ ﺎﺗ ﻪﮐ وﺪﻧاﻮﮑﺗ نﻮﯿﺳارﺪﻓ

ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻪﮑﻨﯾا

وﺪﻧاﻮﮑﺗ نﻮﯿﺳارﺪﻓ رد نﻮﻨﮐﺎﺗ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻫﺪﺑ ﯽﺑﻮﭼرﺎﭼ ﺎﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ يﻮﮕﻟا .ﺖﺳا هﺪﺸﻧ نآ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻧاﺪﻨﭼ هرﺎﺷا

نارواد ﮐ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺪﯾﺎﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﮕﭼ ﺮﺑ ﺪﻧاﻮﺘﺑ ﻪ

رد ﮏﯾرﻮﺌﺗ يﺎﻫﻮﮕﻟا ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ و ﺎﻫدﺮﮑﯾور ،برﺎﺠﺗ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ يﻮﮕﻟا ﻦﯿﻨﭼ ﯽﺣاﺮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﯾا رد اﺬﻟ .ﺪﻨﯾآ ﻖﺋﺎﻓ دﻮﺧ يﺪﯿﻠﮐ ﻒﯾﺎﻇو ﺶﻟﺎﭼ ﻪﺑ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻠﻠﻤﻟا ﻦﯿﺑ و ﯽﻠﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ يﺎﻫ

يا وﺪﻧاﻮﮑﺗ نارواد ﺶﺨﺑ رد ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺮﺑ ﺪﯿﮐﺄﺗ ﺎﺑ

يﺎﻫ يﺪﯿﻠﮐ هزﻮﺣ زﺎﯿﻧ درﻮﻣ و

ﻣ ﯽﻣ ﻪﺘﺧادﺮﭘ ﯽﻧﺎﺴﻧا ﻊﺑﺎﻨ ﯽﮕﺘﺴﯾﺎﺷ يﻮﮕﻟا ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ و ﻒﺸﮐ ﺎﺑ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا اﺬﻟ .دﻮﺷ

ﺖﯿﺣﻼﺻ و وﺪﻧاﻮﮑﺗ نارواد

ﮏﯾ زا ﻦﯾا نداد راﺮﻗ و ﻮﺳ

يﺪﻨﻤﻧاﻮﺗ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺮﯿﺴﻣ رد ﺎﻫ يﺎﻫ

ﯽﺷزرو ﻦﯿﻣﺄﺗ ،ﻮﺳ ﺮﮕﯾد زا ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا نﻮﻧﺎﮐ و نارواد

ياﺮﺑ ار هﺪﻨﯾآ ﻪﺘﺴﯾﺎﺷ نﻮﯿﺳارﺪﻓ

نﻮﯿﺳارﺪﻓ صﻮﺼﺨﺑ ﺎﻫ

وﺪﻧاﻮﮑﺗ رد ﻢﻬﻣ ﻦﯾا .ﺖﺳا هداد راﺮﻗ فﺪﻫ شزرو ﻪﻄﯿﺣ

ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ و ﺖﯿﻤﻫا ،ﯽﮔﺪﯿﭽﯿﭘ ،ﯽﮔدﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺮﯾﺎﺳ ﺮﺑ نآ

درﻮﻣ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﺎﻫ

مﺪﻋ ﻪﮐ ﺎﺠﻧآ زا .ﺖﺳا ﺪﯿﮐﺄﺗ نارواد بﺎﺨﺘﻧا

ﻪﻨﯾﺰﻫ ﻞﯿﻤﺤﺗ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ،ﻪﺘﺴﯾﺎﺷ ﺮﺑ ﻦﯿﮕﻨﺳ يﺎﻫ

نﻮﯿﺳارﺪﻓ هﺮﻬﺑ مﺪﻋ ، ﯽﻣ ﺎﻬﻧآ ﺪﯾﺪﺷ ﺖﻓا و يرو

-

ﺪﺗ ،ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ اﺬﻟ ؛ددﺮﮔ ياﺮﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ يﺎﻫرﺎﯿﻌﻣ ياﺮﺟا و ﻦﯾو

نارواد بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﯽﻣ

ﺪﻫد ﺶﻫﺎﮐ يﺪﺣ ﺎﺗ ار ﯽﻔﻨﻣ تاﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﻦﯾا ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ .

ﺘﻧ رد ﻪﺠﯿ ا ﻦﯾ ﻗﺎﺑ ﻦﻫذ رد لاﻮﺳ ﯽ

ﻣ ﯽ ﻠﻣﺎﻋ ﻪﭼ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﯽ

بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﮏﯾ

رواد آ ؟ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﺎﯾ

رواد ﺘﻧا بﺎﺨ اﺮﺷ هﺪﺷ ﻂﯾ اﺮﺑ مزﻻ ي

ا زاﺮﺣا ﻦﯾ اﺮﺑ ؟ﺖﺳا اراد ار ﺖﻤﺳ ي

ا ﻊﻓر ﻦﯾ ﻌﺗ ﻞﮑﺸﻣ ﯿﯿ ﻦ ﻌﻣ ﺎﻫرﺎﯿ ﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ و ﯽﯾ

ﺳﻮﺑ ناﻮﺘﺑ ﻪﮐ ﻪﻠﯿ

نآ ﯽﻠﻠﻤﻟا ﻦﯿﺑ و ﯽﻠﻣ نارواد بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ار

روﺮﺿ ،دﻮﻤﻧ ي

ﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ ﯽ ﺪﺳر . ﻋ ياﺮﺑ يرﺎﮑﺷآ و ﻦﺷور مﻮﻬﻔﻣ زﻮﻨﻫ لﺎﺣ ﻦﯾا ﺎﺑ ،ﯽﻧﺎﺴﻧا ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻪﻨﯿﻣز رد رﺎﯿﺴﺑ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ مﺎﺠﻧا ﻢﻏﺮﯿﻠ

عﻮﺿﻮﻣ يﺪﻨﻤﻧاﻮﺗ يﺎﻫ

نارواد رد هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺖﻬﺟ

؛ﺎﻫ نﻮﯿﺳارﺪﻓ ﺎﯿﻧ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ

ﺖﺳا ﻦﯾا ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﯽﻠﺻا ﻪﻟﺄﺴﻣ ،ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ .ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓ ﻪﮐ

ﺣاﺮﻃ ﯽ ﻮﮕﻟا ي ﺖﯿﺣﻼﺻ يا ﻪﻓﺮﺣ

وﺪﻧاﻮﮑﺗ نارواد

؟ﺖﺳا ﻪﻧﻮﮕﭼ

شور ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷ

ﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺨﯿﻣآ يﺎﻫ شور ﺎﺑ يﺎﻫ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ .ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا (ﯽﻤﮐ و ﯽﻔﯿﮐ) ﻪﺘﺨﯿﻣآ شور زا نآ رد و ﺖﺳا يدﺮﺑرﺎﮐ فﺪﻫ ﺮﻈﻧ زا ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا ﺐﯿﮐﺮﺗ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﯽﻣ مﺎﺠﻧا ﯽﻤﻠﻋ شور زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ و ﯽﻤﮐ و ﯽﻔﯿﮐ يﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ و ﻪﺘﺴﺑ و زﺎﺑ يﺎﻫ هداد ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ

،ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ زا عﻮﻧ ﻦﯾا .ﺪﻧﻮﺷ

1. Case & Branch

2. Peng

(7)

ﯽﻣ مﺎﺠﻧا ﯽﻟاﻮﺘﻣ ﻞﮑﺷ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻤﮐ و ﯽﻔﯿﮐ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ نآ رد ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﯽﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﯽﻣ نﺎﯿﺑ ﯽﺒﯿﮐﺮﺗ ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﺖﯾﺎﻬﻧ رد و دﻮﺷ

هوﻼﻋ .ﺪﻧﻮﺷ

ﺑا ﺎﻫ هداد يروآدﺮﮔ ﯽﻟاﻮﺗ رد نآ ﺮﺑ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ يﺎﻨﺒﻣ ﺮﺑ ﺮﮕﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ،هﺮﺧﻷﺎﺑ .ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﯽﻣ يروآدﺮﮔ ﯽﻤﮐ يﺎﻫ هداد ﺲﭙـﺳ ﯽـﻔﯿﮐ يﺎﻫ هداد اﺪـﺘ

اﺪﺘﺑا ،ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ .دزﺎﺳ ﺮﺴﯿﻣ ار ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ يﺮﯾﺬﭘ ﻢﯿﻤﻌﺗ ﺎﺗ ﺪﻨﮐ يروآدﺮﮔ ار ﯽﻤﮐ يا هداد ﻪﮐ دراد نآ ﺮﺑ ﯽﻌﺳ ،ﯽـﻔﯿﮐ يﺎﻫ هداد زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ يﺎﻫ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ،ﺎﻫ هداد ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ ﻖﯾﺮﻃ زا ﺲﭙﺳ و ﯽﻔﯿﮐ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ،ﺎﻫ هداد يروآدﺮﮔ و ﯽﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﻪﻠﺌﺴﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ زا ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا .دﻮﺸﯿﻣ ﯽﺣاﺮﻃ ﯽﻤﮐ

ﯽﻔﯿﺻﻮﺗ - ﺖﺳا ﯽﺸﯾﺎﻤﯿﭘ .

ﺑ لاﺆﺳ ﻪﺑ ﯽﯾﻮﮕﺨﺳﺎﭘ ياﺮ يﺎﻫ

ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ و ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﯽﻧاﺪﯿﻣ يﺎﻫ شور ﺰﯿﻧ و نﻮﺘﻣ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ و يا ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﮐ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ زا ،ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ

ﺑدا اﺪﺘﺑا ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا رد .ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﯿ

روﺮﻣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ تﺎ اﺮﺑ ﺲﭙﺳ ؛ﺪﺷ

ي وﺪﺗ ﯾ ﻦ ﺎﻫﻮﮕﻟا ي ﺣﻼﺻ ﯿ ﺖ ﻪﻓﺮﺣ يا داﺪﻌﺗ ﺎﺑ نارواد ي

زا

ﺑ نارواد ﯿ ﻦ ﻠﻠﻤﻟا ﯽ ﺷزرو هﺮﺒﺧ نارواد و وﺪﻧاﻮﮑﺗ ﯽ

، ﺎﻫ ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ي

ﻧﯿ ﻪﻤ رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﯾ ﻪﺘﻓﺎ نآ ﻞﺣاﺮﻣ مﺎﺠﻧا و دﺎﯿﻨﺑ هداد ﯽﻔﯿﮐ شور زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ

ﺪﺷ ﻦﯾوﺪـﺗ ار ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ حﺮﻃ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﺲﭙﺳ ؛ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ (ﯽﯾاﺮﻘﺘﺳا شور ﻪﺑ) ﯽﻔﯿﺻﻮﺗ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ شور مﺎﺠﻧا ﺎـﺑ ،نآ زا ﺲـﭘ و

ﺪﻧﺪﺷ يروآدﺮﮔ ﯽﻤﮐ يﺎﻫ هداد ،ﯽﺸﯾﺎﻤﯿﭘ .

هزﻮﺣ رد ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ يﺮﻈﻧ ﯽﻧﺎﺒﻣ ﯽﺗﺎﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ لوا ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ رد يﺎﻫﻮﮕﻟا يﺎﻫ

ﻪﻓﺮﺣ ﺖﯿﺣﻼﺻ يا

درﻮﻣ رد .ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ

درﻮﻣ ﺰﯿﻧ ﯽﺟرﺎﺧ و ﯽﻠﺧاد ﯽﺸﻫوﮋﭘ تﺎﯿﺑدا ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻦﯾا و ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ

ياﺮﺑ ﻪﻣادا رد .ﺪﺷ ﻦﯾوﺪﺗ تﺎﯿﺑدا زا جﺮﺨﺘﺴﻣ ﯽﻣﻮﻬﻔﻣ يﻮﮕﻟا

يﺎﻫﻮﮕﻟا ﻦﯾوﺪﺗ ﻪﻓﺮﺣ ﺖﯿﺣﻼﺻ

يا نارواد زا يداﺪﻌﺗ ﺎﺑ وﺪﻧاﻮﮑﺗ ﯽﻠﻠﻤﻟا ﻦﯿﺑ نارواد

و نارواد هﺮﺒﺧ ﯽﺷزرو ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ، ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾرﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻪﻤﯿﻧ يﺎﻫ

ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ .ﺪﻣآ ﻞﻤﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫﻮﮕﻟا ﻪﯿﻟوا يﻮﮕﻟا ،ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻪﻨﯿﺸﯿﭘ و ﺎﻫ

ي ﯿﺣﻼﺻ ﻪﻓﺮﺣ ﺖ ا ي ﯽﺣاﺮﻃ ، ﻪﮑﻨﯾا ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ .ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ

ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ تﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ رد ﺪﯾﺪﺟ ًﺎﺘﺒﺴﻧ شور ﮏﯾ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ يرﻮﺌﺗ دﺪﻧاﺮﮔ رد شور ﯽﻤﯾادارﺎﭘ يﻮﮕﻟا زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ،ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﯾا رد ﻮﮕﻟا ﯽﺣاﺮﻃ ﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ هرﺎﺑرد ﻪﯿﻟوا تﺎﻋﻼﻃا يروآدﺮﮔ و لوا ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ مﺎﺠﻧا زا ﺲﭘ ،ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا ،ناﺮﯾا رد ﯽﺷزرو يا ﻪﻓﺮﺣ ﺖﯿﺣﻼﺻ يﻮﮕﻟا ﺎﺑ ﻂ

اﻮﮑﺗ يرواد ﺮﻣا نﺎﮔﺮﺒﺧ زا ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ﺎﺑ ،ﺎﺘﺳار ﻦﯾا رد .ﺪﺷ ماﺪﻗا نﺎﮔﺮﺒﺧ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ﻪﺑ و ﻪﯿﻬﺗ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻪﻤﯿﻧ يا ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ﻦﺘﻣ ،نارواد وﺪﻧ

.ﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻪﯿﻟوا ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ و هﺪﺷ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ يﺮﻈﻧ عﺎﺒﺷا ﯽﻔﯿﮐ ﺶﺨﺑ رد يرﺎﻣآ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ 18

ﺮﻔﻧ زا ﻦﯿﺑ نارواد وﺪﻧاﻮﮑﺗ ﯽﻠﻠﻤﻟا

و نارواد هﺮﺒﺧ نﺎﺼﺼﺨﺘﻣ ،ﯽﺷزرو

،وﺪﻧاﻮﮑﺗ شزرو ناﺮﯾﺪﻣ

و وﺪﻧاﻮﮑﺗ نﻮﯿﺳارﺪﻓ نارﺎﮑﺷزرو

هﺮﺒﺧ رﻮﺸﮐ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ لﺎﺣ ﯽﻠﻠﻤﻟا ﻦﯿﺑ نارواد (ﺎﻫ ﻢﻧﺎﺧ و نﺎﯾﺎﻗآ عﻮﻤﺠﻣ) ﯽﻠﮐ رﺎﻣآ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﯽﻣ ﺮﮐذ ﻪﺑ مزﻻ .دﻮﺑ

ﻦﯾا ﻪﺑ ترﻮﺻ ﻣ ﯽ ﺑ نارواد ﺶﺨﺑ رد ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻦﯿ

ﻠﻠﻤﻟا ﯽ ﮐ ﯽﮐورﻮﯿ 91IR3

ﺮﻔﻧ ، 56IR2

،ﺮﻔﻧ 22IR1

و ﺮﻔﻧ 3IRs

ﻨﭽﻤﻫ و ﺮﻔﻧ ﻦﯿ

رد

ﺑ ﺖﻧارواد ﺶﺨﺑ ﻦﯿ

ﻠﻠﻤﻟا ﯽ ﻪﺴﻣﻮﭘ 112 IR3

،ﺮﻔﻧ 13IR2

،ﺮﻔﻧ 2IR1

ﻣ ﺮﻔﻧ ﯽ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺗﺎﻋﻼﻃا عﺎﺒﺷا شور ﻪﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻢﺠﺣ ﯽ

ﻌﺗ ﻦﯿﯿ ﺪﻌﺑ .ﺪﺷ

زا 14 ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ﺎﺗ ﺎﻫ ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ،نﺎﻨﯿﻤﻃا ياﺮﺑ ﺎﻣا ﺪﯿﺳر عﺎﺒﺷا ﻪﺑ تﺎﻋﻼﻃا ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ 18

اﺪﯿﭘ ﻪﻣادا ما ﺶﺨﺑ ﻦﯾا رد يﺮﯿﮔ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ شور .دﺮﮐ

.دﻮﺑ ﺪﻨﻤﻓﺪﻫ و ﯽﻓﺮﺑ ﻪﻟﻮﻠﮔ ) ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ يﺎﻫ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ داﺪﻌﺗ سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ ﯽﻤﮐ ﺶﺨﺑ رد

13 ﻞﻗاﺪﺣ ( 20 ﻢﺠﺣ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻔﻟﻮﻣ ﺮﻫ ياﺮﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ

داﺪﻌﺗ ،ﺪﺷ دروآﺮﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ 350

و هﺪﺷ ﺶﺨﭘ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ 330

ﯽﻓدﺎﺼﺗ شور ﻪﺑ يﺮﯿﮔ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ .ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا درﻮﻣ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ يا ﻪﻘﺒﻃ

ﯽﻓﺎﮐ هزاﺪﻧا ﻪﺑ يرﺎﻣآ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﯽﺗﺎﻘﺒﻃ يﺎﻫ هوﺮﮔ ﯽﻣﺎﻤﺗ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻦﯾا ﻪﺑ يا ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﯽﻓدﺎﺼﺗ شور .ﺖﻓﺮﮔ مﺎﺠﻧا .ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷاد ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رد هﺪﻨﯾﺎﻤﻧ شور زا نﻮﻣزآ ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺎﭘ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﯾا رد

.ﺖﺳا هﺪﯾدﺮﮔ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا خﺎﺒﻧوﺮﮐ يﺎﻔﻟآ ﻞﮐ ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺎﭘ

ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ 0,84

ﯽﮔدﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ و ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ عﻮﻧ ﻞﯿﻟد ﻪﺑ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا رد .ﺖﺳا رادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﯽﻟﻮﺒﻗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ راﺪﻘﻣ زا ﺎﻫ ﻪﻔﻟﻮﻣ ﻪﯿﻠﮐ و ﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ

ﻊﯾﺮﺳ ﯽﺳﺮﺘﺳد ياﺮﺑ و يرﺎﻣآ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﯽﮔﺪﯿﭽﯿﭘ نآ ﻊﺒﺗ ﻪﺑ و يرﺎﻣآ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻊﻤﺟ شور ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻬﺑ نﺎﮔﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﺶﺳﺮﭘ تاﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺗ

هداد يروآ رد ﺎﻫ

ﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ رد ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﯾا شور زا ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ شور ﻪﺘﺴﯾﺎﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا و ﺮﻈﻧ درﻮﻣ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺑﺎﯿﺘﺳد رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ .ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮ

ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ هﺮﻬﺑ ﺮﯾز يﺎﻫ

.ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﯽﻃﺎﺒﻨﺘﺳا و ﯽﻔﯿﺻﻮﺗ رﺎﻣآ يﺎﻫ شور زا ﺎﻫ هداد ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ ياﺮﺑ :ﺪﺷ ﺻﻮﺗ ﺶﺨﺑ رد

ﯿﻔ ﯽ ﻤﮐ ﯽ ﻧاواﺮﻓ لواﺪﺟ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﯽ

،

(8)

ﺎﻫرادﻮﻤﻧ ي ﻧاواﺮﻓ ﯽ

، ﻣﯿ ﮕﻧﺎ ﯿ ﻦ ﻌﻣ فاﺮﺤﻧا و ﯿ

رﺎ ﺰﺠﺗ ﯾﻪ ﻠﺤﺗ و ﯿ ﻞ ﺻﻮﺗ ﯿﻔ ﯽ ﻘﺤﺗ فاﺪﻫا ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ .ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا ﯿ

،ﻖ ﺰﺠﺗ ﯾﻪ ﻠﺤﺗ و ﯿ ﻞ ود رد ﺎﻫ هداد

ﮐ ﺶﺨﺑ ﯿﻔ ﯽ ﻤﮐ و ﯽ ﮐ ﺶﺨﺑ رد .ﺖﻓﺮﮔ مﺎﺠﻧا ﯿﻔ

ﯽ ﮔﺪﮐ ﺬ را ي اﺮﺑ ي ﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﯽﯾ ﻪﻔﻟﻮﻣ ﻮﮔ و ﺎﻫ ﯾﻪ و ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا ﺎﻫ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ

Smart PLS

.ﺪﺷ ﻪﯾارا يرﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻮﮕﻟا ﻤﮐ ﺶﺨﺑ رد

ﯽﻃﺎﺒﻨﺘﺳا ﯽ ﻧﯿ

ﺰ آ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ نﻮﻣز

ي ﻤﺳا فوﺮﮔﻮﻤﻠﮐ ﯿ

،ﻒﻧﺮ ﺗ ﯽ ا ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﮏﺗ ي

، ﻠﺤﺗ ﯿ ﻞ راو ﯾ ﺲﻧﺎ ﯾﺎ

ﻠﺤﺗ ﯿ ﻞ راوﻮﮐ ﯾ ﺲﻧﺎ ﺎﻫ هداد ، ﻠﺤﺗ ﯿ ﻞ ﻠﻣﺎﻋ ﯽ ﻓﺎﺸﺘﮐا ﯽ

، ﻠﺤﺗ ﯿ ﻞ ﻠﻣﺎﻋ ﯽ ﺎﺗ ﯿﯾ ﺪ ي ﮏﯾﺮﺘﻣرﺎﭘﺎﻧ لدﺎﻌﻣ يﺎﻫ نﻮﻣزآ ﺎﯾ و راﺰﻓا مﺮﻧ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ

ﻪﺨﺴﻧSPSS 23 ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ؛ﺪﺷ نﻮﻣزآ ﯿ

ﻦ اﺮﺑ ي وﺪﺗ ﯾ ﻦ ﺤﺗ ﻮﮕﻟا ﻘﯿ ﻖ راﺰﻓا مﺮﻧ زا Smart PLS 3

ادﻮﯿﮐ ﺲﮑﻣ راﺰﻓا مﺮﻧ و .ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا

ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ يﺎﻫ

ﯽﮔﮋﯾو ﺖﯿﻌﻤﺟ يﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ

ﯽﻣ ﺮﯾز حﺮﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﯽﻔﯿﮐ ﺶﺨﺑ يﺎﻫ :ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

لوﺪﺟ 1 ﺻﻮﺗ. ﯿ ﻒ و ﯾ ﮔﮋ ﯽ ﺎﻫ ي ﻌﻤﺟ ﯿ ﺖ ﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﯽ ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ نﺎﮔﺪﻧﻮﺷ

ﻒﯾدر ﺺﺼﺨﺗ

ﺖﻤﺳ كرﺪﻣ

ﯽﻠﯿﺼﺤﺗ ﺖﯿﺴﻨﺟ

ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ ﻦﺳ

1 وﺪﻧاﻮﮑﺗ و ﯽﺷزرو مﻮﻠﻋ

ﻧاد ﯽﻤﻠﻋ تﺎﯿﻫ هﺎﮕﺸ

يﺮﺘﮐد دﺮﻣ

20 50

2 ﯽﺷزرو مﻮﻠﻋ

هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﯽﻤﻠﻋ تﺎﯿﻫ يﺮﺘﮐد

دﺮﻣ 25

52

هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﯽﻤﻠﻋ تﺎﯿﻫ يﺮﺘﮐد

دﺮﻣ 24

54

نﻮﯿﺳارﺪﻓ ﺮﯾﺪﻣ يﺮﺘﮐد

دﺮﻣ 26

50

نﻮﯿﺳارﺪﻓ ﺮﯾﺪﻣ يﺮﺘﮐد

نز 21

42

6 وﺪﻧاﻮﮑﺗ

نﻮﯿﺳارﺪﻓ ﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﺪﺷرا ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﮐ

نز 10

40

7 ﺗ

وﺪﻧاﻮﮑ نﻮﯿﺳارﺪﻓ ﺮﯾﺪﻣ

يﺮﺘﮐد دﺮﻣ

30 67

تﺎﯿﻫ ﺮﯾﺪﻣ اﺮﺘﮐد يﻮﺠﺸﻧاد

دﺮﻣ 15

35

نارواد ﻪﺘﯿﻤﮐ ﺲﯿﯾر اﺮﺘﮐد يﻮﺠﺸﻧاد

نز 13

34

نارواد ﻪﺘﯿﻤﮐ ﺲﯿﯾر اﺮﺘﮐد

دﺮﻣ 30

63

11 وﺪﻧاﻮﮑﺗ يرواد

دﺮﻣ 11

48

ﮐ ﺲﯿﯾر نارواد ﻪﺘﯿﻤ اﺮﺘﮐد

دﺮﻣ 15

51

نز 8

42

وﺪﻧاﻮﮑﺗ رواد اﺮﺘﮐد يﻮﺠﺸﻧاد

دﺮﻣ 5

43

وﺪﻧاﻮﮑﺗ رواد اﺮﺘﮐد

دﺮﻣ 12

49

وﺪﻧاﻮﮑﺗ رواد ﺪﺷرا سﺎﻨﺷرﺎﮐ

دﺮﻣ 5

43

ﺗ رواد وﺪﻧاﻮﮑ ﺪﺷرا سﺎﻨﺷرﺎﮐ

نز 12

37

رد ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ

،لوا ﺪﮐ راﺬﮔ ي زﺎﺑ زا ﺮﻃ ﯾ ﻖ ﺰﺟ ﻪﺑ ﺰﺟ ندﺮﮐ تﺎﻋﻼﻃا ﻪﺑ

ﻞﮑﺷ ﺪﻨﺑ ي ﻪﻟﻮﻘﻣ ﺎﻫ ي تﺎﻋﻼﻃا هرﺎﺑرد

ﺣﻼﺻ ﯿ ﺖ ﻪﻓﺮﺣ ا ي

نارواد وﺪﻧاﻮﮑﺗ ﻪﺘﺧادﺮﭘ ﺪﺷ و ﺮﺑ سﺎﺳا هداد ﺎﻫ ي روآدﺮﮔ ي هﺪﺷ زا ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ

،ﺎﻫ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﺎﻫ و ﯾ ﺖﺷاددﺎ ﺎﻫ ي ﻪﻧازور ﻞﺻﺎﺣ) زا ﻠﻤﻋ ﯿﺎ ت

ﻣﯿ ﻧاﺪ ﯽ ( ﻪﻟﻮﻘﻣ ﺎﻫ ءﺎﺼﺣا دﺮﮔ ﯾ ﺪﻧﺪ . ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣرد مود ﻪﮐ ﺪﮐ راﺬﮔ ي رﻮﺤﻣ ي مﺎﻧ

،دراد ﻪﺑ ﻌﺗ ﯿﯿ ﻦ ﻪﻔﻟﻮﻣ ﺎﻫ و ﻧﯿ ﺰ ﻪﺘﺳد ﺪﻨﺑ ي ﺎﺳ ﯾﺮ ﻪﻟﻮﻘﻣ ﺎﻫ رد ﺶﺷ

ﻪﺘﺳد د ﯾ ﺮﮕ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ اﺮﺷ ﯾ ﻂ ﻠﻋ ﯽ

، ﻪﻟﻮﻘﻣ ﻠﺻا ﯽ

،

،ﺎﻫدﺮﺒﻫار اﺮﺷ

ﯾ ﻂ ﻣز ﯿ ﻪﻨ ا ي

، ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣ ﺮﮔ و ﭘﯿ ﺪﻣﺎ ﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﺧادﺮﭘ ﺪﺷ . ﺎﺑ ﻪﻣادا ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ﺎﻫ و

ﻫﺎﺸﻣ

،تاﺪ تﻻﻮﻘﻣ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ رد ﺐﻟﺎﻗ ﺎﻫ ﯽﯾ ﻪﺘﺳد ﺪﻨﺑ ي دﺮﮔ ﯾ ﺪﻧﺪ ﻪﺑ رﻮﻃ ي ﻪﮐ ﺧﺮﺑ ﯽ زا تﻻﻮﻘﻣ ﻪﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ تﺎﺒﺟﻮﻣ ﻠﻋ ﯽ

، ﺧﺮﺑ ﯽ ﻪﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ

اﺮﺷ ﯾ ﻂ ﻣز ﯿ ﻪﻨ ا ي ﺤﻣ و ﯿ ﻄ ﯽ ﺧﺮﺑ و ﯽ ﻧﯿ ﺰ ﭘ و دﺮﺒﻫار ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﯿ

ﺪﻣﺎ دﺮﮔ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﺎﻫ ﯾ

ﺪﻧﺪ .

ﺲﭘ زا ﺪﮐ راﺬﮔ ي

،زﺎﺑ ﺎﺑ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا زا مﺮﻧ اﺰﻓا ر

MAXQDA

راﺰﮔﺪﮐ ي رﻮﺤﻣ ي ﺘﻧا و ﺑﺎﺨ ﯽ ﻞﮑﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ

ي ) 1 ) ﺎﺗ ( 2 ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا ( .

(9)

) ﻞﮑﺷ 1 ﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﺪﮐ ( ﯽ

اﺮﺷ ﯾ ﻂ ﻠﻋ ﯽ ﺎﻫﺪﮐ هاﺮﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ ي

رﻮﺤﻣ ي ﻤﻠﻋ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﯽ

ﺷزﻮﻣآ و ﯽ

، ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻌﻣ و ﺪﻣآرد ﻪﺑ ﯿ

ﺖﺸ وﺪﻧاﻮﮑﺗ نارواد

، دﻮﺒﻬﺑ

آﺮﻓ ﯾ ﺪﻨ زﺎﺳﺪﻨﻤﻧاﻮﺗ ي

، ﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﯽﯾ ﻧﯿ ﺎﻫوﺮ ي ﺎﻫ هرود دﻮﺒﻬﺑ و ﺪﻣآرﺎﮐ ي

زرورﺎﮐ ي و زﺎﺳﺪﻧﺮﺑ ي رواد ي ار وﺪﻧاﻮﮑﺗ ﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ

ﯽ ﺪﻫد .

ﻞﮑﺷ 1 . ﺪﮐ ﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﯽ اﺮﺷ ﯾ ﻂ ﻠﻋ ﯽ ﻪﺑ هاﺮﻤﻫ ﺎﻫﺪﮐ ي رﻮﺤﻣ ي

ﻞﮑﺷ ) 1 ﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﺪﮐ ( ﯽ

» اﺮﺷ ﯾ ﻂ ﻣز ﯿ ﻪﻨ ا ي

« ﺎﻫﺪﮐ هاﺮﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ ي

رﻮﺤﻣ ي ﻬﺑ ﯿ ﻪﻨ زﺎﺳ ي ﻓ تﺎﻧﺎﮑﻣا ﯿﺰ

ﯾﮑ ﯽ

، ﻮﻘﺗ ﯾ ﺖ ﻠﺑﺎﻗ ﯿ ﺖ ﻌﻤﺟ ﯽ نارواد

وﺪﻧاﻮﮑﺗ

، ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺪﻨﻤﻧاﻮﺗ وﺪﻧاﻮﮑﺗ نارواد ﻪﺑ

، ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻤﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﻧ ﯽ رواد ﻪﺑ ي

، ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺳارﺪﻓ ﯿ نﻮ ﺑ ﻪ ﺣﻼﺻ ﯿ ﺖ و وﺪﻧاﻮﮑﺗ نارواد ﻪﺟﻮﺗ

ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﺎﺳر

ﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ار وﺪﻧاﻮﮑﺗ نارواد ﯽ

ﺪﻫد .

ﻞﮑﺷ 2 . ﺪﮐ ﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﯽ اﺮﺷ ﯾ ﻂ ﻣز ﯿ ﻪﻨ ا ي ﻪﺑ هاﺮﻤﻫ ﺎﻫﺪﮐ ي رﻮﺤﻣ ي

» اﺮﺷ ﯾ ﻂ ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣ ﺮﮔ « ﺎﻫﺪﮐ هاﺮﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ ي

رﻮﺤﻣ ي ﺪﻣ ﯾﺮ ﯾ ﺖ ﻏ ﯿ ﻤﻠﻋﺮ ﯽ رواد رد ي

، دوﺪﺤﻣ ﯾ ﺖ ﺎﻫ

، ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﭘ ﯿﯾ ﻦ ﻪﺑ

(10)

ﻧﯿ ﺎﻫزﺎ ي ﮑﺗ نارواد وﺪﻧاﻮ

، ﻒﻌﺿ ﺪﻣ ﯾﺮ ﯾ

،ﺖ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ رﺎﮐ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ي و وﺪﻧاﻮﮑﺗ نارواد ﻢﮐ

رﺎﮐ ي ﺳ ﯿ ﻢﺘﺴ ﺷزﻮﻣآ ﯽ ار نﺎﺸﻧ ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻫد .

ﻞﮑﺷ 3 . ﺪﮐ ﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﯽ اﺮﺷ ﯾ ﻂ ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣ ﺮﮔ ﻪﺑ هاﺮﻤﻫ ﺎﻫﺪﮐ ي رﻮﺤﻣ ي

» اﺮﺷ ﯾ ﻂ ﻠﺻا ﯽ

« ﯾﺎ » رﻮﺤﻣ ﻪﻟﻮﻘﻣ ي

رﻮﺤﻣ ي ﻫ دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﯿ

تﺎ ﺎﻫ ي وﺪﻧاﻮﮑﺗ

، ﮐﯿ ﻔﯿ ﺖ ﺎﻫ هرود ي

ﺷزﻮﻣآ ﯽ

، ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ر ﯾﺰ ي ﺪﻣ و ﯾﺮ ﯾ ﺖ ﺑﺮﺗ ﻢﺠﺴﻨﻣ ﯿ

ﺖ و وﺪﻧاﻮﮑﺗ نارواد تﺎﻧﺎﮑﻣا

دﺎﻣ ي ﻮﻨﻌﻣ و ي ار نﺎﺸﻧ ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻫد .

ﻞﮑﺷ 4 . ﺪﮐ ﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﯽ اﺮﺷ ﯾ ﻂ ﻠﺻا ﯽ ﻪﺑ هاﺮﻤﻫ ﺎﻫﺪﮐ ي رﻮﺤﻣ ي

» ﺎﻫدﺮﺒﻫار « ﺎﻫﺪﮐ هاﺮﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ ي

رﻮﺤﻣ ي ﻮﻘﺗ ﯾ ﺖ ﺎﻫ ترﺎﻬﻣ ي

ﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﯽ وﺪﻧاﻮﮑﺗ نارواد

، ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﺎﻫ شور ي شزﻮﻣآ

نارواد

، ا ﯾ دﺎﺠ آﺮﻓ ﯾ ﺪﻨ زﺎﺳ ﺪﻨﻤﻧاﻮﺗ ﻢﺠﺴﻨﻣ ي

ﺣﻼﺻ و ﯿ ﺖ ا ﻪﻓﺮﺣ ي وﺪﻧاﻮﮑﺗ نارواد

، هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺷزﻮﻣآ ﻞﻤﮑﻣ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ زا ﯽ

، هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻓﺮﻇ زا ﯿ ﺖ ﺎﻫ ي

(11)

ﻣﻮﺑ ﯽ ﻠﺤﻣ و ﯽ

، ﺎﻘﺗرا ي ﺪﺟ نﺎﺳرﺪﻣ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا و نﺎﺳرﺪﻣ ﺶﻧاد ﯾﺪ

ﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ار ﯽ

ﺪﻫد .

ﻞﮑﺷ 5 . ﺪﮐ ﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﯽ ﺎﻫدﺮﺒﻫار ﻪﺑ هاﺮﻤﻫ ﺎﻫﺪﮐ ي رﻮﺤﻣ ي

ﻞﮑﺷ ) 6 ( ﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﺪﮐ ﯽ » ﭘﯿ ﺎﻫﺪﻣﺎ

رﻮﺤﻣ ي اﺰﻓا ﯾ ﺶ ﺳارﺪﻓ رد وﺪﻧاﻮﮑﺗ نارواد ﺶﻘﻧ ﯿ

نﻮ ﻫ و ﺎﻫ ﯿ تﺎ ﺎﻫ

، ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﺑﺮﺗ ﯿﺘ ﯽ

،

حﻼﺻا آﺮﻓ ﯾ ﺪﻨ ﻪﺒﺨﻧ روﺮﭘ ي وﺪﻧاﻮﮑﺗ نارواد رد

، ﺶﻫﺎﮐ وﺪﻧاﻮﮑﺗ نارواد ﻒﻌﺿ طﺎﻘﻧ

، اﺰﻓا ﯾ ﺶ ﻠﺑﺎﻗ ﯿ ﺖ ﺎﻫ ي وﺪﻧاﻮﮑﺗ نارواد

، ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﺎﭘ ﯾ راﺪ شزرو

و دﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﻌﺿو ﯿ ﺖ داﺪﻌﺘﺳا ﯾﺎﺑ ﯽ ﺷزرو ﯽ ﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ار سراﺪﻣ رد ﯽ

ﺪﻫد .

ﻞﮑﺷ 6 . ﺪﮐ ﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﯽ ﭘ ﯿ ﺎﻫﺪﻣﺎ ﻪﺑ هاﺮﻤﻫ ﺎﻫﺪﮐ ي رﻮﺤﻣ ي

ﻞﮑﺷ ) 7 ( ﻮﮕﻟا ي ﮐ ﯿﻔ ﯽ ﺪﻨﻤﻧاﻮﺗ زﺎﺳ ي و ﺣﻼﺻ ﯿ ﺖ ﻪﻓﺮﺣ ا ي نارواد وﺪﻧاﻮﮑﺗ ار نﺎﺸﻧ ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻫد .

(12)

ﻞﮑﺷ 7 ﻮﮕﻟا . ي ﮐ ﯿﻔ ﯽ زﺎﺳ ﺪﻨﻤﻧاﻮﺗ ي

ﺣﻼﺻ و ﯿ ﺖ ا ﻪﻓﺮﺣ ي ﺪﻧاﻮﮑﺗ نارواد و

زا ﻠﺤﺗ ﯿ ﻞ ﺴﻣ ﯿﺮ اﺮﺑ ي ﺳرﺮﺑ ﯽ ﻤﮐ ﯽ ﻮﮕﻟا ي ﺪﻨﻤﻧاﻮﺗ زﺎﺳ ي ﺣﻼﺻ و ﯿ ﺖ ا ﻪﻓﺮﺣ ي ﺴﻣ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا وﺪﻧاﻮﮑﺗ نارواد ﯿﺮ

ﺎﺘﻧ .ﺪﺷ ﯾ ﺞ ﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ﯽ ﺪﻫد

ﻮﮕﻟا ﻪﮐ ي زﺎﺳ ﺪﻨﻤﻧاﻮﺗ ي

ﺣﻼﺻ و ﯿ ﺖ ا ﻪﻓﺮﺣ ي وﺪﻧاﻮﮑﺗ نارواد ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ

ﻣﺎﻤﺗ و هدﻮﺑ ﯽ

ﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ و داﺪﻋا ي

دﺎﻘﻣ زا ﻮﮕﻟا ﯾﺮ

ﺗ ﯽ ﻠﻣﺎﻋ رﺎﺑ و ﯽ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ

ﻟﻮﺒﻗ ﯽ رادﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ رد و هدﻮﺑ رادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ ي

ﺮﺘﻤﮐ زا 05 /0 .ﺖﺳا رادﺎﻨﻌﻣ

ﻞﮑﺷ 8 ﻠﺤﺗ . ﯿ ﻞ ﺴﻣ ﯿ ﺮ ﻮﮕﻟا ي زﺎﺳ ﺪﻨﻤﻧاﻮﺗ ي

ﺣﻼﺻ و ﯿ ﺖ ا ﻪﻓﺮﺣ ي وﺪﻧاﻮﮑﺗ نارواد رد

ﺖﻟﺎﺣ دراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا