Designing a Talent Management Model for Sports of Iran

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Designing a Talent Management Model for Sports of Iran

Hamidreza Goharrostami¹^ , Mohammad Sadegh Vaghar²

1. Corresponding Author, Department of Sport Management, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran. E-mail: [email protected]

2. Department of Sport Management, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.

E-mail: [email protected]

Article Info ABSTRACT

Article type:

Research Article

Article history:

Received:

26 May 2020 Received in revised form:

15 January 2021 Accepted:

2 March 2021 Published online:

1 January 2023

Keywords:

Model of talent, Sport Mmanagement, Talent Environment, Talent in sport, Talent management

Introduction The purpose of this study was to design a talent management model for sports of Iran.

Methods: The research method was a descriptive survey and the statistical population consisted of sport managers, academics, coaches and athletes that 112 individuals were selected as sample. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire and the validity of the research tool was first evaluated by experts and continued in the research in PLS software. Data were analyzed using Kolmogorov Smirnov, Chi-square and Structural equation modeling method in SMART PLS (3.2.8) software.

Results: The result showed that in the final model, the effective factors can be examined in four layers and three stages of talent discovery and identification, selection and development. Layers include the indicators of talent, management and structure in sport, stakeholders and macro environment. In the management and structure, the four dimensions: requirements, resources, opportunities, and goals were identified in three stages. In the stakeholder layer and the macro environment at the stage of discovery the influence of 14 stakeholders and 7 environmental components, in the selection stage the impact of 5 stakeholders and 1 environmental component and in the development stage the influence of 12 stakeholders and 15 environmental components were identified.

Conclusion: Therefore, according to final model, it can be stated that talent management in sport should be considered in a holistic and ecological context.

Cite this article: Goharrostami, h., & Vaghar, M. S. (2023). Designing a Talent Management Model for Sports of Iran. Sport Management Journal, 14 (4),21-39.

DOI:http//doi.org/10.22059/JSM.2021.303442.2493

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ExtendedAbstract

Introduction

Success at international levels is an important issue in sports affairs. Hence, to achieve this important goal, many sport researchers and experts believe that having an integrated and organized system for finding and developing talents is essential.

For this reason, many countries, sports federations, and even club teams use long-term programs to grow and develop the abilities of athletes from early ages. From the point of view of marketing, talent search has become a big market, and researchers in various fields such as sports, art, and education, despite limited financial resources, seek to find the most effective methods of identifying talented people, and intense competition to achieve the pinnacle of success has been created in every field (Green & Houlihan, 2008). Further, regarding sports organizations vision, financial resources and technology are not the only advantages of the organization, but having talented and capable athletes is another key element for organizations and compensates for the lack of resources or other organizations' shortcomings, and in such atmosphere, only those will succeed that understand the strategic role of talented athletes and seek to identify, select, develop and manage them.

Considering the importance of sports talent scouting as the infrastructure for the success of championship sports systems, the importance of evaluating talent scouting systems in the country and developing a model using the point of view of sports experts to evaluate the quality of sports talent training and development systems in the country is felt (Nazari, 2015).

Therefore, the research team intended to provide managers with all the issues related to the country's talent search system by reviewing the available resources and presenting a comprehensive and integrated model.

Methods

The research method was a descriptive survey and the statistical population consisted of sport managers, academics, coaches and athletes that 112 individuals were selected as sample. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire and the validity of the research tool was first evaluated by experts and continued in the research in PLS software. Data were analyzed using Kolmogorov Smirnov, Chi-square and Structural equation modeling method in SMART PLS (3.2.8) software.

Results

The result showed that in the final model, the effective factors can be examined in four layers and three stages of talent discovery & identification, selection, and development. Layers include the indicators of talent, management and structure in sport, stakeholders and macro environment. In the management and structure, the four dimensions: requirements, resources, opportunities, and goals were identified in three stages.In the stakeholder layer and the macro environment at the stage of discovery the influence of 14 stakeholders and 7 environmental components, in the selection stage the impact of 5 stakeholders and 1 environmental component and in the development stage the influence of 12 stakeholders and 15 environmental components were identified.

Conclusion

The general picture of these layers and their arrangement in the conceptual model of the research was presented in an integrated manner. In this model, three main stages of talent discovery and identification, talent selection and talent development were considered, which were rooted form the general basis of the model. Also, four layers of talent search indicators, management and structure, stakeholders and talent management environment were considered for this circular model. The arrangement of the layers also has a logical order, which we will interpret. The first layer is the talent identification indicators and related to the physiological and even genetic issues of the individual. From the management point of view, no changes can be applied to this layer and it is included in the model only for identification and introduction, and the changes in this layer are related to coaching issues. And the science of practice returns.

The second layer is management and structure, which is the most effective management in this layer, and from this layer onwards, as we move away from the center, the ability of sports managers to influence will decrease and big issues will be raised. In this layer, in each of the three fundamental stages, all issues related to managers were identified in the four dimensions of goals, resources, opportunities, and requirements, and then the research team categorized and prioritized them at the end. The next two layers were introduced in the past researches under the name of talent management environment, and in this research, it was tried to make more separation and show the details comprehensively. So, the micro environment of talent management with the names of stakeholders involved in talent management and the macro environment of talent management with the name of talent management environment were determined in this research and the necessary investigations were done on them. It should be noted that the beneficiaries of talent management are divided into two parts: people and organizations involved in the process of finding talent in sports.

Ethical Considerations Compliance with ethical guidelines:

Funding: The research was done without using financial resources Authors’ contribution: The authors have contributed each other Conflict of interest: The authors have no conflicts of interest Acknowledgments: We are grateful to all those who helped the researchers in conducting this research.

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ﺣاﺮﻃ ﯽ ﺪﻣ لﺪﻣ ﯾ

ﺮ ﯾ ﺖ رﻮﺸﮐ شزرو رد داﺪﻌﺘﺳا

ﯽﻤﺘﺳرﺮﻫﻮﮔﺎﺿرﺪﯿﻤﺣ

1

، 

رﺎﻗو قدﺎﺻ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ

2

1 . ﺆﺴﻣ هﺪﻨﺴﯾﻮﻧ هوﺮﮔ ،لو

ﺮﯾا ،ﺖﺷر ،نﻼﯿﮔ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،ﯽﺷزرو مﻮﻠﻋ و ﯽﻧﺪﺑ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ ةﺪﮑﺸﻧاد ،ﯽﺷزرو ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ر .نا

:ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺎﯾا [email protected]

2 هوﺮﮔ . ﯽﺷزرو ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ،

هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد ﯽﺘﺳرﺪﻨﺗ و ﯽﺷزرو مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،

.ناﺮﯾا ،ناﺮﻬﺗ ،ناﺮﻬﺗ :ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺎﯾار

[email protected]

ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ تﺎﻋﻼﻃا هﺪﯿﮑﭼ

:ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ عﻮﻧ ﯽﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ

رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺦ رد ﯾ ﺖﻓﺎ : 06 / 03 / 1399

:يﺮﮕﻧزﺎﺑ ﺦﯾرﺎﺗ 26

/ 10 / 1399

رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺦ ﺬﭘ ﯾ شﺮ : 12 / 12 / 1399

رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺦ رﺎﺸﺘﻧا : 11 / 10 / 1401

ﺪﯿﻠﮐ هژاو :ﺎﻫ

،شزرو رد ﯽﺑﺎﯾداﺪﻌﺘﺳا

،داﺪﻌﺘﺳا ﻂﯿﺤﻣ

،ﯽﺑﺎﯾداﺪﻌﺘﺳا لﺪﻣ

،داﺪﻌﺘﺳا ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ شزرو ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ :ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ

.دﻮﺑ ناﺮﯾا شزرو رد داﺪﻌﺘﺳا ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ لﺪﻣ ﯽﺣاﺮﻃ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا فﺪﻫ

:ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ شور

نارﺎﮑﺷزرو و نﺎﯿﺑﺮﻣ ،ﯽﻫﺎﮕﺸﻧاد نﺎﺼﺼﺨﺘﻣ ،شزرو ناﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ يرﺎﻣآ ﮥﻌﻣﺎﺟ و ﯽﺸﯾﺎﻤﯿﭘ ﯽﻔﯿﺻﻮﺗ عﻮﻧ زا ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ شور

داﺪﻌﺗ ﻪﮐ دﻮﺑ 112 راﺰﺑا ﯽﯾاور و دﻮﺑ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻖﻘﺤﻣ ﮥﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ،ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ راﺰﺑا .ﺪﻧﺪﺷ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺮﻔﻧ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ

ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ، ﺮﻈﻧ مﺮﻧ و نﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﮐ

ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا سا،لا،ﯽﭘ راﺰﻓا .ﺪﺷ

لﺪﻣ شور و ود ﯽﺧ ،فﻮﻧﺮﯿﻤﺳا فوﺮﮔﻮﻤﻠﮐ نﻮﻣزآ زا ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ مﺮﻧ رد يرﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ تﻻدﺎﻌﻣ يزﺎﺳ

ﮥﺨﺴﻧ سا،لا،ﯽﭘ راﺰﻓا

) 3,2,8 هداد ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ ﻪﯾﺰﺠﺗ ياﺮﺑ ( .ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﻫ

:ﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﺎﺘﻧ

ﯾ ﺞ ﺪﻣ لﺪﻣ رد داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﯾﺮ

ﯾ ﺖ ﺎﻫداﺪﻌﺘﺳا ي ﺷزرو ﯽ ﻣ ار راﺬﮔﺮﺛا ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﯽ

ناﻮﺗ ﻻ رﺎﻬﭼ رد ﯾﻪ ﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻪﺳ و ﮥ

ﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ و ﻒﺸﮐ ﯽﯾ

، ﻌﺳﻮﺗ و بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﮥ

ﺳرﺮﺑ داﺪﻌﺘﺳا ﯽ

ﻻ .دﺮﮐ ﯾﻪ ﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ يﺎﻫ

داﺪﻌﺘﺳا ﯾﺑﺎ ﯽ

، ﺪﻣ ﯾﺮ ﯾ ﺖ ،رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ و

ذﯾ نﺎﻌﻔﻨ ﺤﻣ و ﯿ ﻂ ﻣ نﻼﮐ ﯽ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺪﻣ رد . ﯾﺮ ﯾ ﺖ و رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ رﺎﻬﭼ ﺪﻌﺑ

،تﺎﻣاﺰﻟا ﺖﺻﺮﻓ ،ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﺎﻫ

و فاﺪﻫا رد ﻪﺳ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ

ﻻ رد .ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﮥﯾ

ذ ﯾ نﺎﻌﻔﻨ ﺤﻣ و ﯿ ﻂ ﻠﺣﺮﻣ رد نﻼﮐ ﮥ

ﺛﺎﺗ ﻒﺸﮐ ﯿ راﺬﮔﺮ ي 14 ذ ﯾ ﻊﻔﻨ و 7 ﻔﻟﻮﻣ ﮥ ﺤﻣ ﯿ ﻄ ﯽ

، ﻠﺣﺮﻣ رد ﮥ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا

ﺛﺎﺗ ﯿ راﺬﮔﺮ ي 5 ذ ﯾ ﻊﻔﻨ و 1 ﻔﻟﻮﻣ ﮥ ﺤﻣ ﯿ ﻄ ﯽ ﻠﺣﺮﻣ رد و ﮥ ﺛﺎﺗ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﯿ راﺬﮔﺮ ي 12 ذ ﯾ ﻊﻔﻨ و 15 ﻔﻟﻮﻣ ﮥ ﺤﻣ ﯿ ﻄ ﯽ ﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﯽﯾ .ﺪﻧﺪﺷ

:يﺮﯿﮔ ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ اﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ

ﯾ ﻦ ﺎﻬﻧ لﺪﻣ سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ ﯽﯾ

ﻣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﯽ ناﻮﺗ ﺪﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺷاد رﺎﻬﻇا ﯾﺮ

ﯾ ﺖ ﻣ داﺪﻌﺘﺳا ﯽ ﯾﺎﺑ ﺖﺴ رد ﯾ ﮏ

رد و ﻊﻣﺎﺟ بﻮﭼرﺎﭼ ﯾ

ﮏ ژﻮﻟﻮﮐا ﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﯾ

ﮏ ﺳرﺮﺑ ﯽ .دﻮﺷ

دﺎﻨﺘﺳا : ﯽﻤﺘﺳرﺮﻫﻮﮔ ،

ﺎﺿرﺪﯿﻤﺣ

؛ و رﺎﻗو ، قدﺎﺻ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ )

1401 .(

ﺣاﺮﻃ ﯽ ﺪﻣ لﺪﻣ ﯾﺮ ﯾ ﺖ رﻮﺸﮐ شزرو رد داﺪﻌﺘﺳا .

ﻪﯾﺮﺸﻧ ﯽﺷزرو ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ

، ) 4(

14 ، 21-39 .

2021.303442.2493 JSM.

/ 10.22059 DOI:http//doi.org/

ﺎﻧ هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد ،ناﺮﻬﺗ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد :ﺮﺷ ﯽﺘﺳرﺪﻨﺗ و ﯽﺷزرو مﻮﻠﻋ

. .نﺎﮔﺪﻨﺴﯾﻮﻧ©

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24 نﺎﺘﺴﻣز ،مرﺎﻬﭼ ةرﺎﻤﺷ ،ﻢﻫدرﺎﻬﭼ ةرود ،ﯽﺷزرو ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ

1401

ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﻦﯿﺑ ﻦﯾدﺎﯿﻣ رد ﺖﯿﻘﻓﻮﻣ هزوﺮﻣا ﯽﯾﺎﻫرﻮﺸﮐ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻟﺎﻤﺟا ﯽﻫﺎﮕﻧ ﺎﺑ .ﺖﺳا ﺎﻬﺘﻠﻣ ﺖﻓﺮﺸﯿﭘ و ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ شزرو ﯽﻠﻠﻤﻟا

ﯽﻟاﺪﻣ لواﺪﺟ رﺪﺻ رد ﻪﮐ

يزﺎﺑ ﯽﻣ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ،ﺪﻧراد راﺮﻗ ﮏﯿﭙﻤﻟا و ﯽﻧﺎﻬﺟ يﺎﻫ ﻪﻧ ﺎﻫرﻮﺸﮐ ﻦﯾا دﻮﺷ

ﺖﺧﺎﺳﺮﯾز ةزﻮﺣ رد ﺎﻬﻨﺗ هزﻮﺣ ﺮﯾﺎﺳ رد ﻪﮑﻠﺑ ،شزرو يﺎﻫ

،ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا يﺎﻫ

ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﯽﺳﺎﯿﺳ و يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ

) ﺰﻨﯿﻟﺎﮐ و ﯽﻠﯿﺑ ،1

2013 (.

ﻻ ﻦﯿﺑ ﻦﯾدﺎﯿﻣ رد راﺪﯾﺎﭘ ﺖﯿﻘﻓﻮﻣ ﮥﻣز ﻪﻧاﻮﺘﺸﭘ ﺮﻣا ﻪﺑ هﮋﯾو ﻪﺟﻮﺗ شزرو ﯽﻠﻠﻤﻟا

-

ﺖﺳا يزﺎﺳ )

ﺎﻨﯿﻟﺎﻣ و تﺮﭘﺎﯿﻠﯿﻓ ،ﺰﻨﯾاو ،2

2005 ( . ﻧاﻮﺘﺸﭘ ﺖﺳا ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ ﻪ

شور ﻪﺑ ﺢﯿﺤﺻ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻖﯾﺮﻃ زا ﺪﻣارﺎﮐ يزﺎﺳ ﯽﺑﺎﯾداﺪﻌﺘﺳا ﯽﻤﻠﻋ يﺎﻫ

ﺖﯿﻠﺑﺎﻗ ﻒﺸﮐ ﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ ﯽﺷزرو ﯽﺑﺎﯾداﺪﻌﺘﺳا .ﺖﺳا ﺮﺴﯿﻣ ﺖﯿﻠﺑﺎﻗ ﻦﯾا قﺎﺒﻄﻧا ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ و نارﺎﮑﺷزرو ةﻮﻘﻟﺎﺑ يﺎﻫ

رد ﺮﺛﺆﻣ و ﯽﺳﺎﺳا يﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ

ﻪﺘﺷر ﺖﺳا ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﯽﺷزرو يﺎﻫ .ﺑ

ﻪ ﻨﺷ يﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺷزرو ﯽﺑﺎﯾداﺪﻌﺘﺳا ﺮﮕﯾد ﯽﺗرﺎﺒﻋ ﺖﯿﻠﺑﺎﻗ زا ﻪﺘﺳد نآ ﻒﺸﮐ و ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎ

ﺖﺳا داﺮﻓا ةﻮﻘﻟﺎﺑ يﺎﻫ

ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷاد نﺪﻧاروﺮﭘ ﺖﯿﻠﺑﺎﻗ ﻪﮐ )

،ﺎﯿﻨﺗﺎﺴﺑ و ﯽﻗدﺎﺻ 2010

(.

ﻪﺑ ﯽﺑﺎﯾداﺪﻌﺘﺳا ﺰﯿﻧ ﯽﺑﺎﯾرازﺎﺑ ﺮﻈﻨﻣ زا ﮏﯾ

نﺎﻘﻘﺤﻣ و ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﻞﯾﺪﺒﺗ گرﺰﺑ رازﺎﺑ

هزﻮﺣرد ﺰﯿﻧ شور ﻦﯾﺮﺗﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﻦﺘﻓﺎﯾ لﺎﺒﻧد ﻪﺑ ،دوﺪﺤﻣ ﯽﻟﺎﻣ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻢﻏر ﯽﻠﻋ ،ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ و ﻢﯿﻠﻌﺗ و ﺮﻨﻫ ،شزرو ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ

ﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ يﺎﻫ داﺮﻓا ﯽﯾ

ﯽﻣ داﺪﻌﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ هدﺮﺸﻓ ﺖﺑﺎﻗر و ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ

هﺪﺷ دﺎﺠﯾا هزﻮﺣ ﺮﻫ رد ﺖﯿﻘﻓﻮﻣ جوا ﻪﺑ ﯽﺑﺎﯿﺘﺳد ياﺮﺑ يا ﺳا

ﺖ ) ﻮﻫ و ﻦﯾﺮﮔ نﺎﻬﯿﻟ

،3

2005 ( . زا ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ

ﺮﻈﻧ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﯽﻤﻧ رﺎﻤﺷ ﻪﺑ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺖﯾﺰﻣ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ يژﻮﻟﻮﻨﮑﺗ و ﯽﻟﺎﻣ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ،ﯽﺷزرو يﺎﻫ ،ﺪﻨﻤﻧاﻮﺗ و ﺪﻌﺘﺴﻣ نارﺎﮑﺷزرو ﻦﺘﺷاد رﺎﯿﺘﺧا رد ﻪﮑﻠﺑ دور

ﺖﯾﺰﻣ زا ﺮﮕﯾد ﯽﮑﯾ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ياﺮﺑ ﻢﻬﻣ ﯽﺘﺑﺎﻗر يﺎﻫ

نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺮﮕﯾد ﺺﯾﺎﻘﻧ ﺎﯾ و ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ناﺪﻘﻓ و هﺪﺷ بﻮﺴﺤﻣ ﺎﻫ ﺰﯿﻧ ار ﺎﻫ

ﯽﻣ ناﺮﺒﺟ ﺪﯾﺎﻤﻧ

و رد

نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ،ﯽﯾﺎﻀﻓ ﻦﯿﻨﭼ ﻦﯾا ﯽﭘ رد و هدﻮﻤﻧ كرد ار داﺪﻌﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ نارﺎﮑﺷزرو ﮏﯾﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا ﺶﻘﻧ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷ ﺪﻨﻫاﻮﺧ يﺪﻣآﺮﺳ ﺐﺴﮐ ﻪﺑ ﻖﻓﻮﻣ ﯽﯾﺎﻫ

نآ ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ و ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ،بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ،ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺷزرو ﯽﺑﺎﯾداﺪﻌﺘﺳا ﺖﯿﻤﻫا ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ .ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﺎﻫ

ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﻢﺘﺴﯿﺳ ﺖﯿﻘﻓﻮﻣ شزرو يﺎﻫ

،ﯽﻧﺎﻣﺮﻬﻗ

ﻢﺘﺴﯿﺳ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﯽﻟﺪﻣ ﻦﯾوﺪﺗ و رﻮﺸﮐ رد ﯽﺑﺎﯾداﺪﻌﺘﺳا يﺎﻫ

ﻢﺘﺴﯿﺳ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا ياﺮﺑ ﯽﺷزرو نﺎﮔﺮﺒﺧ هﺎﮔﺪﯾد زا و شروﺮﭘ يﺎﻫ

ﯽﻣ سﺎﺴﺣا ،رﻮﺸﮐرد ﯽﺷزرو يﺎﻫداﺪﻌﺘﺳا ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ دﻮﺷ

) ،يﺪﯿﻋ و ﯽﻔﺳﻮﯾ ،يﺮﻈﻧ 2015

(.

ﺖﯿﻤﻫا و شزرو نﺪﺷ ﺮﯿﮔاﺮﻓ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ نآ هﺎﮕﯾﺎﺟ

ﻦﯿﺑ تﺎﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣ رد

،ﯽﻠﻠﻤﻟا ﺖﻟود ﻪﯿﺣﺎﻧ زا ار ﯽﻧاواﺮﻓ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳ هﺪﯾﺪﭘ ﻦﯾا ﻪﺟﻮﺘﻣ ﺎﻫ

) ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﯽﻨﯿﺴﺣ 2013

(.

ژاو صﻮﺼﺧ رد ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ بﺎﺘﮐ تﺎﻋﻼﻃا يﺎﻨﺒﻣ ﺮﺑ ة

ﻣ ،ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ يروآ ﻊﻤﺟ هداد يﺎﻫ هداد ﮏﻧﺎﺑ زا ﻪﮐ داﺪﻌﺘﺳا ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﺮﺸﺘﻨﻣ تﻻﺎﻘ

ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ يﺎﻫﺪﻨﯾاﺰﻓ و ناواﺮﻓ ﺪﺷر داﺪﻌﺘﺳا ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ عﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﺎﺑ هﺪﺷ ﺪﻧا

) ﻦﻤﮑﻫ و ﺲﯿﯾﻮﻟ ،4

2006 ( . شزرو رد داﺪﻌﺘﺳا ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﺚﺤﺒﻣ ﺰﯿﻧ

ﺖﻓﺮﺸﯿﭘ

ﯽﮕﺒﺨﻧ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻪﺑ ﯽﯾاﺪﺘﺑا حﻮﻄﺳ زا ار

هﺪﯿﭽﯿﭘ رﺎﯿﺴﺑ يﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ ﯽﻣ

.ﺪﻧاد ﻨﻣ صﺎﺼﺘﺧا ﻪﺒﺨﻧ داﺮﻓا دﺎﺠﯾا ﺪﯿﻣا ﻪﺑ ،نارﺎﮑﺷزرو شروﺮﭘ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺘﻔﮕﻨﻫ ﻊﺑﺎ

ﯽﻣ هداد هﺪﺷ دروآﺮﺑ .دﻮﺷ دوﺪﺣ ﮏﯿﭙﻤﻟا يﻼﻃ لاﺪﻣ ﮏﯾ ﻪﺑ ﻦﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﺖﺳد ياﺮﺑ ﻪﮐ

37 ﯽﻣ ﻪﻨﯾﺰﻫ رﻻد نﻮﯿﻠﯿﻣ ياﺮﺑ ﻞﯿﻟد ﻦﯿﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ .دﻮﺷ

ﺖﻟود هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ و ﺎﻫ هزاﺪﻧا ،ﺎﻫ

هدﺎﻌﻟا قﻮﻓ ﺖﯿﻤﻫا ﯽﺷزرو داﺪﻌﺘﺳا يﺮﯿﮔ و .دراد يا

هﮋﯾو شزرو رد ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧراد دﻮﺟو يرﺎﯿﺴﺑ نارﺎﮑﺷزر ﻪﮐ يا

هﺪﯾﺰﮔﺮﺑ نآ زا ﺮﮕﯾد ﯽﺧﺮﺑ ﻪﮐ ﯽﻟﺎﺣ رد ،ﺪﻨﺘﺴﯿﻧ ﻖﻓﻮﻣ ﺪﻧا هﺪﯿﺳر ﺖﯿﻘﻓﻮﻣ زا ﯽﯾﻻﺎﺑ ﻪﺟرد ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ

شزرو رد ﯽﺑﺎﯾداﺪﻌﺘﺳا زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ور ﻦﯾازا .ﺪﻧا

لﺪﻣ ﻖﯿﻗد ﻢﯿﺳﺮﺗ زا ﻞﺒﻗ ،ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ و يزﺎﺑ عﻮﻧ كرد ،يﺮﯿﮔ ﻢﯿﻤﺼﺗ ﺪﻨﻣزﺎﯿﻧ ا ﯽﯾﺎﻫ

ﯽﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ لﻮﺒﻗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ

) ،رﻮﭘﺎﻗآ ﯽﺟﺎﺣ

2015 (.

ﺪﻣ ا ﺖﯾﺮﯾ ﺪﻌﺘﺳ دا ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ زا يا ﺎﻫ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ي

ﺎﭙﮑﯾ ر ﻪﭼ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ

ا ر ﺎﻨﯿﻤﻃ زا ن ﺟ ـ ﺬ ،ب ﻔﺣ ـ ﻆ ا ، ﯿﮕﻧ ـﺰ و ش ﺳﻮﺗ ـ ﻪﻌ ﺎﻫداﺪﻌﺘﺳا

،دﻮﺷ ﯽﻣ مﺎﺠﻧا نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺪﻫ

نآ ف ﺎﯾﺮﺟ ﻆﻔﺣ ا ن

ﺪﻌﺘﺳ و ﯽﺑﺎﯾدا ﺪﯿﮐﺎﺗ

ا ﺮﺑ ﻓـ ﺮ دا ﺴﻣ ـ ﺪﻌﺘ ا ﻊﺒﻨﻣ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺎﺳ ﯽﻠﺻ

ز ﺎﻣ ن ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﯽﻣ

ﮓﻧاﺮﺘﺴﻣرآ) 5 ،

2006 ( . نﻮﯿﻟﻮﮑﺳا هﺎﮔﺪﯾد زا ) نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و6

2010 ( ا ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﺪﻌﺘﺳ دا ﻮﻬﻔﻣ م ﺪﯾﺪﺟ نآ ياﺮﺑ لﻮﻤﺷ نﺎﻬﺟ ﯽﻔﯾﺮﻌﺗ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ي

نآ زا ﻖﯿﻗد و ﺪﺣاو ﻒﯾﺮﻌﺗ ﮏﯾ نﺎﯿﺑ و دراﺪﻧ دﻮﺟو

ارا يﺎﻫ ﻪﯿﺿﺮﻓ و تاﺮﻈﻧ تﺮﺜﮐ ﻞﯿﻟد ﻪﺑ ﯾ

نﺎﻬﺟ ﺮﺳاﺮﺳ رد هﺮﺒﺧ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﺴﯾﻮﻧ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ هﺪﺷ ﻪ

ﺮﯾﺪﻣ .ﺖﺳا ﻞﮑﺸﻣ رﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﯾ

داﺪﻌﺘﺳا ﺖ ﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ

تر ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﯽﻠﮐ ر

ﺰﯾ و ي ﺮﯿﻧ ﺖﯾﻮﻘﺗ و

ﺎﻫ ي ﺑـ ﺎ ا ﺳ ـ ﺪﻌﺘ دا ﻣـ ﺷﺎﺑ ﯽ ـ ﺪ و ﻼﮑﺸﻣ ت ﺎﺑ زر ﺎﺳ ز ﺎﻣ ن ﺎﻫ

ﺮﺑ يا ﺬﺟ و ب ﺪﻬﮕﻧ يرا ﺮﯿﻧ و ﺎﻫ ي ﺪﻌﺘﺴﻣ ﺖﺳا نآ ﺖﯿﻤﻫا ﻞﯾﻻد زا ﺎﮔ.

ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ :ﺪﻨﮐ ﯽﻣ نﺎﯿﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﮕﻨﯾا ار داﺪﻌﺘﺳا ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﺮﮕﯾد ﯽﻔﯾﺮﻌﺗ رد ي

1. Bailey & Collins

2. Vaeyens, Philippaerts, Malina

3. Green & Houlihan

4. Lewis & Heckman

5. Armstrong

6. Scullion

(5)

رﻮﺸﮐ شزرو رد داﺪﻌﺘﺳا ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ لﺪﻣ ﯽﺣاﺮﻃ

25

داﺪﻌﺘﺳا ار ﻌﺳﻮﺗ و ﻞﯿﻬﺴﺗ ﮥ

،ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ،هﺪﺷ ﻦﯾوﺪﺗ يﺎﻫ ﻞﻤﻌﻟارﻮﺘﺳد زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ،نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ رد ﺮﻫﺎﻣ و داﺪﻌﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ داﺮﻓا ﯽﻠﻐﺷ ﺮﯿﺴﻣ ﺖﻓﺮﺸﯿﭘ

ﺖﺳﺎﯿﺳ ﺎﻫﺪﻨﯾآﺮﻓ و ﺎﻫ ﯽﻣ نﺎﯿﺑ

ﺪﻨﮐ ﺰﻤﯿﺳ و يﺎﮔ) ،1

2006 .(

ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﯽﯾﺎﻧاﻮﺗ ،ﻦﯾﺮﯾﺎﺳ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ رد ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا يداﺮﻓا بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ،ﯽﺷزرو داﺪﻌﺘﺳا ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ترﺎﻬﻣ مﺎﺠﻧا ياﺮﺑ ي

ﺘﺷر ﮏﯾ يﺎﻫ ﮥ

ﯽﺷزرو

ﺪﻧراد صﺎﺧ .

اﺪﻌﺘﺳا بﺎﺨﺘﻧا

،د ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻪﺑ ،نﺎﯿﺿﺎﻘﺘﻣ در ﺎﯾ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﯾﺬﭘ ياﺮﺑ ﺖﺳا يا ﻪﺘﺴﯾﺎﺷ ﻪﮐ يا

ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ،ﻦﯾﺮﺗ نآ ﻦﯾﺮﺗداﺪﻌﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ و ﻦﯾﺮﺗ

نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ رد .ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ و هﺪﯾﺰﮔﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ ﺎﻫ

ﺺﯿﺨﺸﺗ ا

ﺮﯿﻧ ﻪﮑﻨﯾ و ﺎﻫ ﺎﻫداﺪﻌﺘﺳا و ﺶﺨﺑ ماﺪﮐ رد

نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ يﺎﻫ يروﺮﺿ ، ﺖﺳا زﺎﯿﻧ ﺮﻈﻧ درﻮﻣ

ﯽﻣ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ا بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﺳ ـ ﺪﻌﺘ ا دا ﺷ ـﺎ هر ﺑـ ﯾ ﻪ ـ ﻦﺘﻓﺎ اﺳ ـ ﺪﻌﺘ دا ﺎﻫ ي ﺳﺎﻨﻣ ـ ﺐ ز رد ﻣـ ﺎ ن ﺳﺎﻨﻣ ـ ﺑ ﺐ ـﺮ يﺎﻫ ﺖﺻﺮﻓ يا ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ

دراد . ﺪﺳر ﯽﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ

ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ زا يرﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﺟرد رد ﺎﻫ

ﮥ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﻪﺑ يزور ﻪﮑﻨﯾا ﺪﯿﻣا ﻪﺑ نﺎﻧاﻮﺟ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻬﺑ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫداﺪﻌﺘﺳا ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ يور لوا ﻞﯾﺪﺒﺗ رﺎﮑﺷزرو ﻦﯾ

ﻢﮐ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ و شروﺮﭘ ﻢﻬﻣ ﺪﻨﯾآﺮﻓ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻪﮐ ﯽﻟﺎﺣرد ﺪﻧراد ﺰﮐﺮﻤﺗ ،ﺪﺷ ﺪﻨﻫاﻮﺧ ﯽﻣ يرﺎﮐ

داﺪﻌﺘﺳا ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﯽﯾﺎﻬﻧ ﺖﯿﻘﻓﻮﻣ .ﺪﻨﻨﮐ يدﺎﯾز ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺑاو

ﯽﺑ يﺎﻫرﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻧراد ﯽﻄﯿﺤﻣ رﺎﻤﺷ

. ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ،ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ و ﻦﯾﺪﻟاو ﺖﯾﺎﻤﺣ ناﺰﯿﻣ و ﯽﮔداﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﺎﻫرﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ ﻦﯾا

، ﻗا يدﺎﺼﺘ

لﺎﺳ لﻮﻃ رد ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺗ ياﺮﺑ ﯽﻓﺎﮐ ﺖﺻﺮﻓ و بﻮﺧ ﯽﺑﺮﻣ ﻦﺘﺷاد رﺎﯿﺘﺧا رد ﯽﯾﺎﻧاﻮﺗ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﯿﻟوا يﺎﻫ

رود ،ﺎﻫ ﻪﯾﺬﻐﺗ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ ،ﺖﯿﻣوﺪﺼﻣ زا ندﻮﺑ يا

ﯽﻣ ...و ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﯽﺸﯾﺎﺒﯿﮐﻮﻓ و سوﺮﯿﻫ) ،2

2006 .(

لﺎﺳ زا ﯽﺷزرو ﯽﺑﺎﯾداﺪﻌﺘﺳا تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ 1975

لﺎﺳ زا ﺪﻌﺑ .ﺪﺷ زﺎﻏآ ﻪﯾﺎﭘ يﺎﻫﻮﮕﻟا ﮥﺋارا ﺎﺑ 1990

ﺑ ﻪ ﻒﻌﺿ ﻞﯿﻟد ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﻪﮑﻨﯾا و ﺎﻫﻮﮕﻟا ﻦﯾا يﺎﻫ

ﺺﺧﺎﺷ يور هزﻮﺣ ﮥﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻓﺎﮐ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ و ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد ﻪﯿﮑﺗ ﯽﺻﺎﺧ يﺎﻫ

،ﺪﻨﺘﺷاﺪﻧ ﯽﺗرﺎﻬﻣ و ﯽﻧاور ،ﯽﮑﯿﻧﺎﮑﻣﻮﯿﺑ ،ﯽﮑﯾژﻮﻟﻮﯾﺰﯿﻓ ،ﯽﮑﯾﺮﺘﻣﻮﭘوﺮﺘﻧآ يﺎﻫ

ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ ﺖﻤﺳ ﻪﺑ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﺘﺷر ﯽﺑﺎﯾداﺪﻌﺘﺳا يﺎﻫ

ﻪﺑ ﻪﺒﺨﻧ نارﺎﮑﺷزرو ﯽﺑﺎﯾرﺎﺠﻨﻫ و ﯽﺷزرو يﺎﻫ ﺨﺗ ترﻮﺻ

ﻢﻬﺳ ﺎﺗ ﺖﻓر ﺶﯿﭘ ﯽﺼﺼ

دﻮﺷ ﻪﻈﺣﻼﻣ ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ رد ﺮﯿﮔرد يﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ مﺎﻤﺗ )

،ﯽﻗدﺎﺻ و يرﻮﻧ 2018

( . نﺎﯿﻟﺎﺳ ﯽﻃ ﻪﺘﺷﺬﮔ

ﻦﯾا ﺮﺑ ﯽﻌﺳ ﯽﺑﺎﯾداﺪﻌﺘﺳا تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ةزﻮﺣ رد

ﺺﺧﺎﺷ اﺪﺘﺑا ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا هدﻮﺑ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ يﺎﻫ

ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ رد هﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﻪﺘﺷر نارﺎﮑﺷزرو

ﯽﺷزرو ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ رﺎﺠﻨﻫ ﻪﻣادا رد ؛دﻮﺷ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﯽﺘﺳرﺪﺑ

ﻪﺘﺷر ﻦﯾا ﮥﺒﺨﻧ نارﺎﮑﺷزرو ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻖﯾﺮﻃ ﻦﯾا زا و دﻮﺷ ﻢﻫاﺮﻓ ﻪﺒﺨﻧ نارﺎﮑﺷزرو ﺎﺑ نارﺎﮑﺷزرو ﺮﯾﺎﺳ ﮥﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ نﺎﮑﻣا ﺎﺗ ﺪﯾآ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ ﯽﺷزرو يﺎﻫ

ﻢﯿﻤﺼﺗ نارﺎﮑﺷزرو ندﻮﺑ ﺪﻌﺘﺴﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺐﺣﺎﺻ ناﺮﮕﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﯽﺧﺮﺑ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ .دﻮﺷ يﺮﯿﮔ

ﺮﻈﻧ هدﺮﮐ شﻼﺗ ﯽﺷزرو ﯽﺑﺎﯾداﺪﻌﺘﺳا ةزﻮﺣ رد ﯽﯾﺎﻫﻮﮕﻟا ﺪﻧا

ﯽﻨﺘﺒﻣ لﺎﺑﺮﻏ نآ ﻖﯾﺮﻃ زا ﺎﺗ ﺪﻨﻫد ﻪﺋارا ﯽﺑﺎﺴﺘﮐا و ﯽﺗاذ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﺮﺑ ﻪﯿﻟوا يﺮﮔ

نﺎﻨﯿﻤﻃا ﺎﺑ ناﻮﺘﺑ يﺪﻌﺑ ﻞﺣاﺮﻣ رد ﺎﺗ دﺮﯿﮔ ترﻮﺻ نارﺎﮑﺷزرو زا يا

ﻮﺷ ماﺪﻗا ،ﺪﻧراد ﺖﯿﻘﻓﻮﻣ لﺎﻤﺘﺣا ﻪﮐ ﯽﺷزرو ﺖﻤﺳ ﻪﺑ نارﺎﮑﺷزرو ﺖﯾاﺪﻫ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ يﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ د

) ﯽﻟرﻮﻣ و ﯽﻠﯿﺑ ،3

2006 ( . رد ﯽﺳﺎﺳا ﻞﻀﻌﻣ

شور دﻮﺒﻤﮐ ﯽﺷزرو ﯽﺑﺎﯾداﺪﻌﺘﺳا ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﯿﺑ ﻪﮐ ار يدﺎﯾز ﯽﮔﺪﻨﮐاﺮﭘ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﯽﯾﺎﻫﻮﮕﻟا و ﺎﻫ

هزﻮﺣ رد ﯽﺑﺎﯾداﺪﻌﺘﺳا ﺮﺛﺆﻣ يﺎﻫ ،يﺮﺘﻣﻮﭘوﺮﺘﻧآ يﺎﻫ

،ﯽﮑﯿﻧﺎﮑﻣﻮﯿﺑ ﻪﺑ ،دراد دﻮﺟو ﯽﺗرﺎﻬﻣ و ﯽﻧاور ،ﯽﮑﯾژﻮﻟﻮﯾﺰﯿﻓ

ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ترﻮﺻ ﯽﯾﺎﻧاﻮﺗ زا يا

ﻪﺑ .دﺮﯿﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ رد يدﺮﻓ يﺎﻫ ﮥﻤﻫ ﻢﻬﺳ ﯽﺗرﺎﺒﻋ

ﻪﺑ ،ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ رد راﺬﮔﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ و ﯽﺳﺎﺳا يﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﻪﻤﻫ و ﺪﻣارﺎﮐ ﯽﯾﻮﮕﻟا ﺎﯾ شور ﺖﺳا ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ .دﻮﺷ ﻪﻈﺣﻼﻣ ﺢﯿﺤﺻ رﻮﻃ

ﯽﻣ ﻪﺒﻧﺎﺟ تﺪﺣو ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ

ﻪﯾور ﻨﺷ ياﺮﺑ ﺮﺒﺘﻌﻣ و ﯽﻤﻠﻋ يا ﻪﻓﺮﺻ .ﺪﻨﮐ دﺎﺠﯾا نارﺎﮑﺷزرو يﺎﻫداﺪﻌﺘﺳا ﺢﯿﺤﺻ ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎ

ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ،نﺎﯿﺑﺮﻣ ﯽﻫدزﺎﺑ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ،نﺎﻣز رد ﯽﯾﻮﺟ

شور ﺖﺒﺜﻣ يﺎﻫﺪﻣﺎﯿﭘ تﺎﻨﯾﺮﻤﺗ نﺪﺷ ﯽﻤﻠﻋ و نارﺎﮑﺷزرو ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ ﺖﺳا ﯽﺑﺎﯾداﺪﻌﺘﺳا ﯽﻤﻠﻋ يﺎﻫﻮﮕﻟا و ﺎﻫ

) ،ﯽﻗدﺎﺻ و يرﻮﻧ 2013

(.

ﯽﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﮥﻨﯿﺸﯿﭘ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻨﯿﻣز ﻦﯾا رد تﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ اﺪﺘﺑا رد ﻪﮐ ﺪﻫد

و ﻒﺸﮐ ﮥﻠﺣﺮﻣ رد ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ و ﯽﺑﺎﯾداﺪﻌﺘﺳا يﺎﻫ

ﻪﺘﺷاد ﺪﯿﮐﺎﺗ ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﯽﻣ لﺎﺜﻣ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧا

ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻪﺑ ناﻮﺗ ﻢﯿﻫاﺮﺑا

نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و )

1387 ( ناﻮﻨﻋ ﺎﺑ ﻣ ﻊﺿو ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﯾوﺪﺗ و دﻮﺟﻮ

ﺘﺷر رد ﯽﺑﺎﯾداﺪﻌﺘﺳا يﺎﻫ ﮥ

لﺎﺒﯿﻟاو نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و يﺮﯿﺼﻧ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ و )

1397 ( ناﻮﻨﻋ ﺎﺑ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ هﺎﮔﺪﯾد زا لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ ﯽﺑﺎﯾداﺪﻌﺘﺳا يﺎﻫ

ﺎﯿﺳآ لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ نﻮﯿﺳارﺪﻔﻨﮐ ﯽﻧاﺮﯾا نﺎﺳرﺪﻣ ،ﻒﻌﺿ ،تﻮﻗ شور ﻪﺑ رﻮﺸﮐ رد داﺪﻌﺘﺳا ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﮥﻨﯿﻣز رد تﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﺮﮕﯾد ﯽﯾﻮﺳ زا .دﺮﮐ هرﺎﺷا

ﺪﯾﺪﻬﺗ ،ﺖﺻﺮﻓ ﯽﻣ تﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﺖﺳد ﻦﯾا زا ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ فﻮﻄﻌﻣ4

ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻪﺑ ناﻮﺗ ﯽﻨﯿﺴﺣ

نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و )

1392 ( ناﻮﻨﻋ ﺎﺑ تﻮﻗ ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ،ﺎﻫ

ﻒﻌﺿ ﺖﺻﺮﻓ ،ﺎﻫ ﺪﯾﺪﻬﺗ و ﺎﻫ

نآ ناواﺮﻓ يﺎﻫ ﺶﻟﺎﭼ و ﺎﻫﺎﻨﮕﻨﺗ و ناﺮﯾا ﯽﻣﻼﺳا يرﻮﻬﻤﺟ ﯽﻧﺎﻣﺮﻬﻗ شزرو رد ﯽﺑﺎﯾداﺪﻌﺘﺳا يﺎﻫ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ و

هﺪﯾﺪﻧﺎﻬﺟ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و

) 1392 ( ناﻮﻨﻋ ﺎﺑ ﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺖﯾﻮﻟوا و ﯽﯾ داﺪﻌﺘﺳا يﺎﻫزﺎﯿﻧ يﺪﻨﺑ

يا ﻪﻓﺮﺣ ﮓﯿﻟ نارﺎﮑﺷزرو هﺎﮔﺪﯾد زا ﯽﺷزرو يﺎﻫ

1. Gay & Sims

2. Hirose & FUKUBAYASHI

3. Bailey & Morley

4. SWOT: Strength, Weaknes, Opportunity, Threat

(6)

26

ﻣ نﺎﺘﺴﻣز ،مرﺎﻬﭼ ةرﺎﻤﺷ ،ﻢﻫدرﺎﻬﭼ ةرود ،ﯽﺷزرو ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪ 1401

زاﺮﯿﺷ هﺮﯾﺰﺟ ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ شزرو رد داﺪﻌﺘﺳا ﮥﻨﯿﻣز رد ﯽﺗﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻪﻣادا رد .دﺮﮐ هرﺎﺷا ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﯽﺧﺮﺑ يور ﺮﺑ ﺪﯿﮐﺎﺗ ﺎﺑ و يا

ﯽﻣ لﺎﺜﻣ ياﺮﺑ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻪﺑ ناﻮﺗ

ﯽﻗدﺎﺻ نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و )

1391 ( ناﻮﻨﻋ ﺎﺑ در رد ﯽﻟﺎﻣ نﺎﯿﻣﺎﺣ بﺬﺟ ة

ﻮﻧ يدﺮﮑﯾور ﻪﯾﺎﭘ ﯽﺷزرو ﯽﺑﺎﯾداﺪﻌﺘﺳا دﻮﺒﻬﺑ رد

ﺮﺟور .دﺮﮐ هرﺎﺷا ) نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و1

2010 ( ﺪﻌﺘﺳا ﮥﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻢﺘﺴﯿﺳ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ ،ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ،فاﺪﻫا ﺮﻈﻨﻣ رﺎﻬﭼ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﯽﻠﻠﻤﻟا ﻦﯿﺑ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﮏﯾ رد ار دا

ﺖﺻﺮﻓ لﺎﺳ رد ﺎﻣا .ﺪﻧداد راﺮﻗ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ درﻮﻣ تﺎﻣاﺰﻟا و ﺎﻫ ﻦﺴﮑﯾﺮﻨﻫ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ هﺪﺷ ﻪﺋارا لﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺮﯿﺧا يﺎﻫ

2 ) 2010 ( ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﮥﻨﯿﻣز رد

ﻞﮑﺷ) ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﻪﺘﺷر ﻦﯾا رد نﺎﻘﻘﺤﻣ لﺎﺒﻘﺘﺳا درﻮﻣ ﻪﮐ داﺪﻌﺘﺳا 1

ﻪﺘﺷر رد داﺪﻌﺘﺳا ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﺎﺑ ﯽﺗﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ،(

ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ

ﯽﻣ ﻞﯿﺒﻗ ﻦﯾا زا ﻪﮐ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ترﻮﺻ ﯽﺷزرو ) نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﯽﻧﺎﻤﺣر ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻪﺑ ناﻮﺗ

1395 ناﻮﻨﻋ ﺎﺑ ( روﺮﭘ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ ﺖﯿﻌﺿو ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ

رد داﺪﻌﺘﺳا ش

نارﺎﮑﺷزرو هﺎﮔﺪﯾد زا يﺰﮐﺮﻣ نﺎﺘﺳا ﯽﮐﺎﻫ شزرو ) ﯽﻣادﺎﺑ و ورﺰﯿﺗ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ و

1397 ناﻮﻨﻋ ﺎﺑ ( ﺻﻮﺗ

ﯿ ﻒ ﺤﻣ ﯿ ﻂ نﺎﻧاﻮﺟﻮﻧ داﺪﻌﺘﺳا شروﺮﭘ

ﻟﺎﺒﺘﮑﺴﺑ ﯿ ﺖﺴ ﺎﻫ ترﺎﻬﻣ ﺎﺑ نا طﺎﺒﺗرا و ﻪﺒﺨﻧ ي

ﻧاور .دﺮﮐ هرﺎﺷا ﯽ ﺐﺣﺎﺻ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﮐ يﺮﺗﺪﯾﺪﺟ و ﺮﺒﺘﻌﻣ يﺮﻈﻧ يﺎﻫﻮﮕﻟا ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ

ناﺮﻈﻧ ﻦﯾوﺪﺗ

هﺪﺷ ﺷﺎﺑ

،ﺪ دﻮﺟو دراﺪﻧ ) ،ﯽﻗدﺎﺻ و يرﻮﻧ 2018

( . ﻊﻤﺟ رد ﯽﻌﺳ ﺪﻧور ﻦﯾا ﮥﻣادا رد ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ سﺎﺳا ﻦﯿﻤﻫ ﺮﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻣ مﺎﻤﺗ يﺪﻨﺑ

.ﺖﺷاد ﺪﻫاﻮﺧ ﺪﺣاو لﺪﻣ ﮏﯾ رد ﯽﺑﺎﯾداﺪﻌﺘﺳا ﻪﺑ

ﻞﮑﺷ 1 . ) داﺪﻌﺘﺳا ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ لﺪﻣ شزرو رد

) ،ﻦﺴﮑﯾﺮﻨﻫ 2010

((

لﺪﻣ يﺪﻨﺑ ﻊﻤﺟ و ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ زا ﺲﭘ داﺪﻌﺘﺳا ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ رد ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ

ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ لﻮﻃ رد ﻪﮐ ﯽﯾﺎﻫ ﺪﻨﯾآﺮﻓ ﻦﯾا

ﯽﻣ مﺎﺠﻧا ﺪﻧﻮﺷ

، ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا رد

ﻪﺑ ﮥﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻪﺳ ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ و ﻒﺸﮐ

داﺪﻌﺘﺳا بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ،3

داﺪﻌﺘﺳا و 4

ﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﮥ داﺪﻌﺘﺳا ﻢﯿﺴﻘﺗ5

ﺪﺷ .

؛هﺪﺷ ﺢﯾﺮﺸﺗ دراﻮﻣ يﺎﻨﺒﻣ ﺮﺑ اﺬﻟ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ

ﺮﺿﺎﺣ دﺪﺻرد

شور زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ دﻮﺑ ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ يﻮﮕﻟا ﻦﯾوﺪﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﯽﺗﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ يﺎﻫراﺰﺑا و ﺎﻫ

داﺪﻌﺘﺳا رد شزرو .دزادﺮﭙﺑ ﻦﯾا رد ﺖﺷاد ﺮﻈﻧ رد ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻢﯿﺗ

ﻦﯾﺪﺑ .دزﺎﺳ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﻊﻣﺎﺟ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ار ﯽﺑﺎﯾداﺪﻌﺘﺳا ﺪﻨﯾآﺮﻓ رد ﯽﺷزرو ناﺮﯾﺪﻣ هار ﮥﺸﻘﻧ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ و دﻮﺟﻮﻣ يﺮﻈﻧ ﯽﻧﺎﺒﻣ ﺪﺷ شﻼﺗ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ

لﺪﻣ ﻪﺒﻨﺟ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ يﺎﻫ ﻊﻤﺟ ﻪﭼرﺎﭙﮑﯾ ﯽﻠﮑﺷ ﻪﺑ و ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ ،يروآ ﻊﻤﺟ ﯽﺑﺎﯾداﺪﻌﺘﺳا ﺪﻨﯾآﺮﻓ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ

ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ يﺪﻨﺑ ﻊﻤﺟ ﻦﯾا .ددﺮﮔ يﺪﻨﺑ

ﻞﮑﺷ) ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ يﺎﻬﺘﻧا رد ﯽﯾﺎﻬﻧ لﺪﻣ 3

ﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻣ ﮥﯿﻠﮐ هﺎﮕﻧ ﮏﯾ رد ﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺘﺑ ﯽﺷزرو ناﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﺎﺗ ﺖﺳا هﺪﯾدﺮﮔ ﻪﺋارا ( ار داﺪﻌﺘﺳا ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ط

.ﺪﻨﻨﮐ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ

1 . Röger

2 . Henriksen

3 . Talent Detection & Identification

4 . Talent Selection

5 . Talent Development

(7)

27

ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷ شور ﻞﮑﺷ) هﺪﺷ ﻪﺋارا ﯽﻣﻮﻬﻔﻣ لﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ 2

ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ رد داﺪﻌﺘﺳا ﮥﻌﺳﻮﺗ و بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ،ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ و ﻒﺸﮐ ﯽﻠﺻا ﮥﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻪﺳ لﺪﻣ ﻦﯾا رد ،(

ﯽﻣ ﻞﯿﮑﺸﺗ ار لﺪﻣ ﯽﻠﮐ يﺎﻨﺑﺮﯾز ﻪﮐ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﮥﯾﻻ رﺎﻬﭼ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ .ﺪﻨﻫد

ﺎﺳ و ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ،ﯽﺑﺎﯾداﺪﻌﺘﺳا يﺎﻫ ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ و نﺎﻌﻔﻨﯾذ ،رﺎﺘﺧ

ﻪﯾﻻ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﻦﻤﺿ ﺎﺗ ﺖﺳا نآ ﯽﭘ رد ﻖﻘﺤﻣ و ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ رد لﺪﻣ ﻦﯾا ياﺮﺑ داﺪﻌﺘﺳا ﻪﯾﻻ ﺮﻫ رد راﺬﮔﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ،داﺪﻌﺘﺳا ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ يﺎﻫ

ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﮥﯾﻻ رﺎﻬﭼ رد شزادﺮﭘ ياﺮﺑ ﺖﻤﺴﻗ ود ﻪﺑ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا يﺎﻫ هداد .ﺪﯾﺎﻤﻧ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ و ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﺰﯿﻧ ار

،ﯽﺑﺎﯾداﺪﻌﺘﺳا يﺎﻫ رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ و ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ

ﻒﯿﻃ ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ هداد لوا ﺖﻤﺴﻗ رد .ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﻢﯿﺴﻘﺗ داﺪﻌﺘﺳا ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ و داﺪﻌﺘﺳا ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ رد ﺮﯿﮔرد نﺎﻌﻔﻨﯾذ ،داﺪﻌﺘﺳا ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ رد ﺳا عﻮﻧ زا ﺎﻫ هداد مود ﺖﻤﺴﻗ رد و هﺪﺷ يروآ ﻊﻤﺟ ﯽﻓﺎﺸﺘﮐا ﯽﻠﻣﺎﻋ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ و رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ و ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﮥﯾﻻ رد هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ياﺮﺑ تﺮﮑﯿﻟ ﯽﺷزرا ﺞﻨﭘ ﯽﻤ

ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ و راﺰﺑا ﯽﯾاور و ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺎﭘ رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ و ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﮥﯾﻻ ياﺮﺑ .ﺪﻧﺪﺷ يروآ ﻊﻤﺟ داﺪﻌﺘﺳا ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ و نﺎﻌﻔﻨﯾذ ﮥﯾﻻ ود رد ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ ياﺮﺑ لﺪﻣ شزاﺮﺑ هزاﺪﻧا يﺎﻫ

لﺪﻣ ﻦﯾا ﺲﭙﺳ و ﺪﺷ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ سا.لا.ﯽﭘ ترﺎﻤﺳا راﺰﻓا مﺮﻧ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ يﺮﯿﮔ ،ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ و ﻒﺸﮐ ﮥﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻪﺳ رد ﺎﻫ

ﻮﺗ و بﺎﺨﺘﻧا شراﺰﮔ ﻪﯾﻻ ود ﻦﯾا رد ود ﯽﺧ نﻮﻣزآ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ داﺪﻌﺘﺳا ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ و نﺎﻌﻔﻨﯾذ ﮥﯾﻻ ياﺮﺑ ﻪﻣادا رد .ﺪﻧﺪﺷ هداد ﺶﯾﺎﻤﻧ داﺪﻌﺘﺳا ﮥﻌﺳ

نﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﮐ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺎﺑ و ﺪﺷ ﻦﯾوﺪﺗ يا ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﮐ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﻞﯿﮑﺸﺗ يا ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻖﻘﺤﻣ ﮥﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ زا ،ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ راﺰﺑا .ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ و ﺪﯿﯾﺎﺗ نآ يرﻮﺻ ﯽﯾاور ﻪﻨﯾﺰﮔ ﺞﻨﭘ ﻒﯿﻃ ﺎﺑ تﻻاﻮﺳ زا رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ و ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﮥﯾﻻ رد .ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ ﻞﯿﻤﮑﺗ

تﺎﯿﺑدا سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا تﺮﮑﯿﻟ يا

ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﮥﻨﯿﺸﯿﭘ زا يا ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﮐ ﮥﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ و ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﮥﻠﯿﺳﻮﺑ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻪﺳ و ﺶﺨﺑ رﺎﻬﭼ رد رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ و ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ تﺎﻣاﺪﻗا .ﺪﺷ ﻦﯾوﺪﺗ و ﻪﯿﻬﺗ

55 .ﺪﺷ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ و يﺪﻨﺑ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﻪﯾﻮﮔ داﺪﻌﺘﺳا ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ نﺎﻌﻔﻨﯾذ ﮥﯾﻻ رد

19 يراﺬﮔﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا نﺎﮑﻣا ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷ ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻢﯿﺗ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻊﻔﻨﯾذ

داﺪﻌﺘﺳا ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ ﮥﯾﻻ رد ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ .ﺪﺷ ﻢﻫاﺮﻓ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻫد ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ياﺮﺑ داﺪﻌﺘﺳا ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﮥﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻪﺳ رد نﺎﻌﻔﻨﯾذ زا ﮏﯾﺮﻫ 17

ﯽﻄﯿﺤﻣ ﮥﻔﻟﻮﻣ

بﺎﺨﺘﻧا نﺎﮑﻣا ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷ ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻢﯿﺗ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﻔﻟﻮﻣ زا ﮏﯾﺮﻫ يراﺬﮔﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ

ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ياﺮﺑ داﺪﻌﺘﺳا ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﮥﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻪﺳ رد ﯽﻄﯿﺤﻣ يﺎﻫ

هداد ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﯽﻟﺎﺣ رد ﻦﯾا .ﺪﺷ ﻢﻫاﺮﻓ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻫد رد داﺪﻌﺘﺳا ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ و نﺎﻌﻔﻨﯾذ ﮥﯾﻻ ود ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ يراﺬﮔ ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ يﺎﻫ

ﻪﻨﯾﺰﮔ ود ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﮔ ﻪﺳ ﻞﺣاﺮﻣ سا.سا.ﯽﭘ.سا راﺰﻓا مﺮﻧ رد يا

و1

ﻪﻔﻟﻮﻣ و نﺎﻌﻔﻨﯾذ .ﺪﺷ درا لواﺪﺟ رد راﺬﮔﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ يﺎﻫ

2 و 3 ﻞﺣاﺮﻣ رد

ﻪﺳ هﺪﺷ هداد ﺶﯾﺎﻤﻧ ﻪﻧﺎﮔ .ﺪﻧا

ﺖﻬﺟ راﺰﺑا ﯽﯾاور ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ

اﺪﺘﺑا ، زا و نﺎﺘﺳا ﯽﻧﺎﻣﺮﻬﻗ شزرو نﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﮐ ﺪﻣ نﺎﺼﺼﺨﺘﻣ

ﯾﺮ ﯾ ﺖ ﺷزرو ﯽ زرا ﺖﻬﺟ ﯾﺑﺎ ﯽ اﻮﺘﺤﻣ يرﻮﺻ و ﯽﯾ

ﻫاﻮﺧﺮﻈﻧ ﯽ ﺪــﺷ ﺪﻫاﻮﺧ سا.لا.ﯽﭘ ترﺎﻤــﺳا راﺰﻓا مﺮﻧ زا هدﺎﻔﺘــﺳا ﺎﺑ راﺰﺑا ياﺮﮔاو و اﺮﮕﻤﻫ ﯽﯾاور ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﮥﻣادا رد و

.ﺪــﺷ ﯽــﺳرﺮﺑ2

ﺎﭘ ﯾﺎ ﯽﯾ

ﺮﻃ زا ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸ ﺳ ﺮﭘ ﯾ

ﻖ ﺎﻔﻟآ ي ﺗﺎﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ رد خﺎﺒﻧوﺮﮐ (ﺎﻤﻨﻫار ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ) ﯽ

ﺎﭘ و ﯾﻧﺎ ﯽ زرا ﯾﺑﺎ ﯽ ﺪﺷ و ﺎﻬﻧ ﯾًﺎﺘ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸ ﺳ ﺮﭘ رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ هزﺎﺳ و

ﺎﺑ

ﻠﺤﺗ شور زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﯿ

ﻞ ﻠﻣﺎﻋ ﯽ شزاﺮﺑ و .ﺪﺷ نﻮﻣزآ هداد يروآ ﻊﻤﺟ ياﺮﺑ ،ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﯾا رد

ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﮐ شور ود زا ﺎﻫ .ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﯽﻧاﺪﯿﻣ و يا

ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ ﺖﻬﺟ شور زا ﺎﻫ

ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﯽﻠﺒﻗ ﻞﺣاﺮﻣ سﺎﺳ اﺮﺑ .ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳ ا ﯽﻃﺎﺒﻨﺘﺳ ا رﺎﻣآ و ﯽﻔﯿﺻ ﻮﺗ رﺎﻣآ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﯽﻠﯿﻠﺤﺗ يﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ يﺎﻫ

ﺎﻧﺮﺑ و رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﯽﻤﺘﺴﯿﺳ بﻮﭼرﺎﭼ ﮏﯾ ترﻮﺻ ﻪﻣ

ﮥﻣﺎﻨﻣﺎﻈﻧ ﮏﯾ ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ شزرو رد داﺪﻌﺘﺳا ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ بﻮﭼرﺎﭼ ﻊﻗاو رد ﺎﯾ ﯽﯾاﺮﺟا يﺎﻫ

.ﺪﺷ ﻪﯾارا ﯽﺗﺎﯿﻠﻤﻋ ﮥﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ و ﯽﯾاﺮﺟا

ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ يﺎﻫ فوﺮﮔﻮﻤﻠﮐ نﻮﻣزآ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ لوا ﺖﻤﺴﻗ يﺎﻫ هداد اﺪﺘﺑا رد -

نآ ندﻮﺑ لﺎﻣﺮﻧ ﺮﯿﻏ ﺎﯾ لﺎﻣﺮﻧ ﺎﺗ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﺶﺠﻨﺳ درﻮﻣ فﻮﻧوﺮﯿﻤﺳا .دﻮﺷ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ

ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ زا ﺮﺘﻤﮐ يرادﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻪﮑﻨﯾا و فﻮﻧﺮﯿﻤﺳا فوﺮﮔﻮﻤﻠﮐ نﻮﻣزآ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﺑ 05

/0 هداد ندﻮﺑ لﺎﻣﺮﻧ يﺎﻋدا ﺖﺳا ﯽﻣ در ﺎﻫ

ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ .دﻮﺷ

هزاﺪﻧا لﺪﻣ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻪﯾﺰﺠﺗ ياﺮﺑ سا.لا.ﯽﭘ ترﺎﻤﺳا راﺰﻓا مﺮﻧ زا رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ و ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﮥﯾﻻ رد ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ يﺮﯿﮔ

و هداد ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ ﺎﺑ .ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﻫ

ﺮﯾدﺎﻘﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ يﻻﺎﺑ ﯽﺒﯿﮐﺮﺗ ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺎﭘ و خﺎﺒﻧوﺮﮐ يﺎﻔﻟآ راﺪﻘﻣ ياراد نﺎﻬﻨﭘ يﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﯽﻣﺎﻤﺗ هﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ ﯽﺒﯿﮐﺮﺗ ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺎﭘ ،خﺎﺒﻧوﺮﮐ يﺎﻔﻟآ

70 / 0

1. SPSS

2. SMART PLS3

(8)

28

ﻣ نﺎﺘﺴﻣز ،مرﺎﻬﭼ ةرﺎﻤﺷ ،ﻢﻫدرﺎﻬﭼ ةرود ،ﯽﺷزرو ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪ 1401

ﯽﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ نﺎﺸﻧ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ .ﺖﺳا ﯽﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣ (ﯽﺒﯿﮐﺮﺗ ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺎﭘ ظﺎﺤﻟزا ﻪﭼ و خﺎﺒﻧوﺮﮐ يﺎﻔﻟآ ﺮﻈﻧزا ﻪﭼ) ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺎﭘ ياراد لﺪﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﻦﯾا هﺪﻨﻫد

ﯽﻣ ﺋ.يو.يا ﻪﮐ ﺪﻫد ﯽ

ﻪﯿﻠﮐ1

زا ﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ي 5/

0 ﯽﯾاور ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﺖﻬﺟ .ﺖﺳا اﺮﮕﻤﻫ ﯽﯾاور رﺎﯿﻌﻣ ندﻮﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﯾﺎﻤﻧ ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﺖﺳا ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ

هزاﺪﻧا لﺪﻣ ياﺮﮔاو ﻞﻧوﺮﻓ ﺲﯾﺮﺗﺎﻣ زا ،يﺮﯿﮔ

- ﻪﺑ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ .ﺖﺳا هﺪﯾدﺮﮔ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺮﮐرﻻ ﺖﺳد

ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ زا هﺪﻣآ ﻪﮐ ﯽﺋ.يو.يا رﺬﺟ و ﺎﻫ

ﻞﻧوﺮﻓ ﺲﯾﺮﺗﺎﻣ ﺮﻄﻗ يور ﺮﺑ -

ﺮﮐﻻ ﯽﻣ .ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ ﺰﯿﻧ ار هزﺎﺳ ﺢﻄﺳ رد لﺪﻣ ياﺮﮔاو ﯽﯾاور ناﻮﺗ

لوﺪﺟ 1 ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ياﺮﮔاو ﯽﯾاور و اﺮﮕﻤﻫ ﯽﯾاور ،ﯽﺒﯿﮐﺮﺗ ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺎﭘ ،خﺎﺒﻧوﺮﮐ يﺎﻔﻟآ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ .

ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﯽﻠﺻا داﺪﻌﺗ

لاﺆﺳ ﺎﻔﻟآ

خﺎﺒﻧوﺮﮐ ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺎﭘ

ﯽﺒﯿﮐﺮﺗ ﯽﯾاور

اﺮﮕﻤﻫ ﯽﯾاور

اﺮﮔاو ﺮﯾز

ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﺎﻫ داﺪﻌﺗ

لاﺆﺳ ﺎﻔﻟآ

خﺎﺒﻧوﺮﮐ ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺎﭘ

ﯽﺒﯿﮐﺮﺗ ﯽﯾاور

اﺮﮕﻤﻫ ﯽﯾاور

اﺮﮔاو

ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ و ﻒﺸﮐ

20 911 / 0 926 / 0 549 / 0 647 / 0 فاﺪﻫا 3

514 / 0 802 / 0 670 / 0 817 / 0

ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ 6

866 / 0 898 / 0 562 / 0 751 / 0

ﺎﻫ ﺖﺻﺮﻓ 6

789 / 0 856 / 0 547 / 0 716 / 0

تﺎﻣاﺰﻟا 5

819 / 0 872 / 0 581 / 0 848 / 0

بﺎﺨﺘﻧا

14 921 / 0 92 / 0 500 / 0 691 / 0 فاﺪﻫا 4

807 / 0 874 / 0 636 / 0 785 / 0

794 / 0 880 / 0 709 / 0 839 / 0

639 / 0 806 / 0 584 / 0 796 / 0

804 / 0 872 / 0 631 / 0 772 / 0

ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ

21 919 / 0 930 / 0 553 / 0 651 / 0 فاﺪﻫا 6

739 / 0 828 / 0 573 / 0 753 / 0

783 / 0 861 / 0 561 / 0 788 / 0

740 / 0 837 / 0 648 / 0 781 / 0

788 / 0 856 / 0 571 / 0 707 / 0

داﺪﻌﺗ ﮏﯿﻓاﺮﮔﻮﻣد تﺎﻋﻼﻃا سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ 112

رد ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﮥﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ و هﺪﺷ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺑﺎﯾداﺪﻌﺘﺳا ﺚﺤﺒﻣ نﺎﺼﺼﺨﺘﻣ زا ﺮﻔﻧ

نآ رﺎﯿﺘﺧا ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﻦﺳ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻤﮐ .ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﺎﻫ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻫد

24 نآ ﻦﺳ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ و ﺎﻫ

62 ﯽﻣ لﺎﺳ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﮥﻘﺑﺎﺳ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻤﮐ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ رد نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻫد

داﺪﻌﺘﺳا ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﺪﻨﯾآﺮﻓ و شزرو 5

نآ ﮥﻘﺑﺎﺳ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ و لﺎﺳ ﺎﻫ

37 نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻫد ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﻦﺳ ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ .ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ شراﺰﮔ لﺎﺳ 93

/ 33 فاﺮﺤﻧا و

نآ دراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا 45

/8 ﯽﻣ نآ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﮥﻘﺑﺎﺳ ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ

125 / 17 ﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﻦﯾا دراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا فاﺮﺤﻧا و 45

/7 داﺪﻌﺗ .ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ شراﺰﮔ

31 ،رﺎﮑﺷزرو 3

،رواد 25 ،ﯽﺑﺮﻣ 13 ،ﯽﺷزرو ﺮﯾﺪﻣ 18

و شزرو ﻢﻠﻌﻣ 22

ﺎﺑ نارﺎﮑﺷزرو .ﺪﻧراد دﻮﺟو نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻫد ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﻦﯿﺑ رد ﯽﻤﻠﻋ تﺎﯿﻫ

48 / 13 ﺎﺑ نﺎﯿﺑﺮﻣ ، 16

/ 11 ﺎﺑ ﯽﻤﻠﻋ تﺎﯿﻫ يﺎﻀﻋا ، 82

/9 ﺎﺑ شزرو ﻦﯿﻤﻠﻌﻣ ، 8/

5 نارواد و ﺎﺑ 34 /1 ار نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻫد ﺦﺳﺎﭘ داﺪﻌﺗ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﺪﺻرد

داﺪﻌﺗ .ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﯽﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ 7

،ﺮﺗ ﻦﯿﯾﺎﭘ و ﻢﻠﭙﯾد كرﺪﻣ ياراد نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻫد ﺦﺳﺎﭘ زا ﺮﻔﻧ 22

،ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﮐ ﺮﻔﻧ 43

و ﺪﺷرا ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﮐ ﺮﻔﻧ 40

ﺢﻄﺳ رد ﺮﻔﻧ

1. AVE

(9)

29

ﯽﻣ يﺮﺘﮐد % ﺐﯿﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ار ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻫد ﺦﺳﺎﭘ تﻼﯿﺼﺤﺗ ﺢﻄﺳ .ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ

8/

12

% ،ﺪﺷرا ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﮐ 9/

11 % ،يﺮﺘﮐد 55

/6 ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﮐ

% و 08 /2 ﯽﻣ ﻞﯿﮑﺸﺗ ﺮﺗ ﻦﯿﯾﺎﭘ و ﻢﻠﭙﯾد ﻪﯾﻻ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ و ﯽﻠﮐ كرد ياﺮﺑ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﯽﻣﻮﻬﻔﻣ لﺪﻣ ﻪﻣادا رد .ﺪﻨﻫد

ﺐﯿﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ لﺪﻣ ﻦﯾا يﺎﻫ

.ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ شراﺰﮔ

ﻞﮑﺷ 2 . ) رﻮﺸﮐ شزرو رد داﺪﻌﺘﺳا ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﯽﻣﻮﻬﻔﻣ لﺪﻣ (

ﻞﮑﺷ) ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﯽﻣﻮﻬﻔﻣ لﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ 1

رد ( يﺮﯿﮔ هزاﺪﻧا لﺪﻣ ﻪﺳ رد داﺪﻌﺘﺳا ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ و ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﮥﯾﻻ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ اﺪﺘﺑا

ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ شراﺰﮔ سا .لا .ﯽﭘ راﺰﻓا مﺮﻧ ﮥﻠﯿﺳﻮﺑ داﺪﻌﺘﺳا ﮥﻌﺳﻮﺗ و بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ،ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ و ﻒﺸﮐ ﮥﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻪﺳ ياﺮﺑ .

لوﺪﺟ 2 . ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ هزاﺪﻧا لﺪﻣ رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ و ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﮥﯾﻻ رد ﯽﻓﺎﺸﺘﮐا ﯽﻠﻣﺎﻋ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ و يﺮﯿﮔ

ﺐﯾﺮﺿ ﺮﯿﺴﻣ هرﺎﻣآ

ﻪﯾﻮﮔ ﺎﻫ ﺮﯿﺴﻣ ﺐﯾﺮﺿ

فاﺪﻫا

ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ و ﻒﺸﮐ 363

/0 74

2 /3 ﻪﯾﺎﭘ ﯽﺘﮐﺮﺣ يﺎﻬﺗرﺎﻬﻣ شزﻮﻣآ . 743

/0

3 (ناﻮﺟﻮﻧ و كدﻮﮐ) نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﺖﮐرﺎﺸﻣ رد هﺰﯿﮕﻧا دﺎﺠﯾا . 885

/0

بﺎﺨﺘﻧا 587

/0 415 / 21 21 ﻪﻨﯿﻣز دﺎﺠﯾا . ﯽﮑﯿﻨﮑﺗ يﺎﻬﺗرﺎﻬﻣ شزﻮﻣآ ياﺮﺑ ﯽﯾﺎﻫ 743

/0

22 دﺎﺠﯾا . ﻪﻨﯿﻣز ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺸﻧاور يﺎﻬﺗرﺎﻬﻣ شزﻮﻣآ ياﺮﺑ ﯽﯾﺎﻫ 840

/0

23 ﺖﯿﻤﮐ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﻣ رد رﺎﮑﺷزرو شزﻮﻣآ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ ﻪﺑ ﺖﯿﻤﻫا و ﻪﺟﻮﺗ . 759

/0

24 ﺎﻫدﺪﻌﺘﺳا ﮥﻨﯿﻬﺑ و ﺖﺳرد بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﺖﻬﺟ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ دﺎﺠﯾا . 794

/0

ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ 87

/0 170

/ 26 35 و داﺪﻌﺘﺳا ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ رد تﺪﻣﺪﻨﻠﺑ دﺮﮑﯾور و ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ دﺎﺠﯾا . ﻪﺒﺨﻧ شزرو

803 /0

36 داﺪﻌﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ و ﺐﺨﺘﻨﻣ نارﺎﮑﺷزرو رد شزرو و ﯽﮔﺪﻧز ﻦﯿﺑ لدﺎﻌﺗ دﺎﺠﯾا . 822

/0

37 نارﺎﮑﺷزرو يﺮﯿﮔ هرﺎﻨﮐ زا يﺮﯿﮔﻮﻠﺟ . 566

/0

38 ﺖﺻﺮﻓ ندﺮﮐ ﻢﻫاﺮﻓ . ﻢﻬﻣ ﯽﺷزرو برﺎﺠﺗ و ﺖﺑﺎﻗر ،ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ياﺮﺑ مواﺪﻣ يﺎﻫ

747 /0

40 ﻪﻓﺮﺣ ﯽﮔﺪﻧز ﮏﺒﺳ شزﻮﻣآ . شزرو رد يا

800 /0

ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ

ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ و ﻒﺸﮐ 931

/0 038 / 56 4 هﺎﮕﯾﺎﭘ يزﺎﺴﻟﺎﻌﻓ و دﺎﺠﯾا . ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﯽﺘﯿﻌﻤﺟ ﻢﮐاﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﯽﺑﺎﯾدﺪﻌﺘﺳا يﺎﻫ

667 /0

5 تﺄﯿﻫ رد بﺎﯾداﺪﻌﺘﺳا ﯽﻤﺳر نﺎﮔﺪﻨﯾﺎﻤﻧ و نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ و نﺎﯿﺑﺮﻣ دﻮﺟو . ﺎﻫ

840 /0

6.

ﻪﺘﺷﺬﮔ يﺎﻫ هرود رد ﯽﺑﺎﯾداﺪﻌﺘﺳا زا بﻮﺘﮑﻣ تاﺪﻨﺘﺴﻣ دﻮﺟو 584

/0

7 شزرو ﯽﻋﺎﻔﺘﻧا ﺮﯿﻏ و ﯽﺘﻟود سراﺪﻣ ﮥﻌﺳﻮﺗ و دﺎﺠﯾا . 724

/0

8 نﺎﺘﺳا تﺎﯿﻫ رد ﯽﺑﺎﯾداﺪﻌﺘﺳا ﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ ﻪﻨﯿﻣز رد بﻮﺘﮑﻣ فاﺪﻫا و ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ دﻮﺟو . 805

/0

9 ﯽﺑﺎﯾ داﺪﻌﺘﺳا ﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ ياﺮﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﯽﻟﺎﻣ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ دﻮﺟو . 848

/0