Strategic Intelligence

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The Impact of Strategic Thinking on Innovation and Organizational Change in Managers of Sports Administrations of South Khorasan: The Mediating Role of

Strategic Intelligence

Iman Safaei¹^ , Elahe Heidarian Bayi²

1. Corresponding Author Department of Physical Education, Birjand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Birjand, Iran.

E-mail: [email protected]

2. Department of Physical Education, Damavand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damavand, Iran.

E-mail: [email protected]

Article Info ABSTRACT

Article type:

Research Article

Article history:

Received:

26 August 2021 Received in revised form:

25 October 2021 Accepted:

9 November 2021 Published online:

1 January 2023

Keywords:

Sports department, Strategic Thinking, Strategic Intelligence, Organizational Change, Organizational Innovation

Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of strategic thinking on innovation and organizational change with the mediating role of strategic intelligence.

Methods: The statistical population of the present study included all employees of sports and youth departments of South Khorasan province with 287 people. Data were collected using four standard questionnaires: Goldman (2005) Strategic Thinking, Wong and Ahmed (2004) Organizational Innovation, Mill (2003) Organizational Change, and Maccobi (2007). The reliability of these questionnaires in this study was estimated to be 0.85, 0.94, 0.84 and 0.90, respectively. To analyze the data, structural equation modeling was performed with LISREL software.

Results: The results showed that the effect of total strategic thinking on organizational innovation through strategic intelligence is positive and insignificant and on organizational change through strategic intelligence is positive and insignificant. In addition, the effect of total strategic thinking on organizational innovation through strategic intelligence was positive and significant, and the effect of total strategic thinking on organizational change through strategic intelligence is positive and insignificant.

Conclusion: In a general conclusion, it should be said that strategic thinking calls managers to learn quickly from the business environment and use creativity to create new values. Therefore, this way of thinking has different perspectives from competitors.

Cite this article: Safaei, I., & Heidarian Bayi, E. (2023). The Impact of Strategic Thinking on Innovation and Organizational Change in Managers of Sports Administrations of South Khorasan: The Mediating Role of Strategic Intelligence.

Sport Management Journal, 14 (4), 223-239.

DOI:http//doi.org/10.22059/JSM.2021.329526.2804

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ExtendedAbstract

Introduction

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of strategic thinking on innovation and organizational change with the mediating role of strategic intelligence in managers of sports administrations of South Khorasan.

Methods

The statistical population of the present study included all employees of sports and youth departments of South Khorasan province with 287 people. Data were collected using four standard questionnaires: Goldman Strategic Thinking, Wong and Ahmed Organizational Innovation, Mill Organizational Change, and Maccobi. In this research, the reliability of the questionnaire was estimated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient.

In order to analyze the data, Pearson's correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling were done using Lisrel 8.8 software.

Results

The results showed that the effect of total strategic thinking on organizational innovation through strategic intelligence is positive and insignificant and on organizational change through strategic intelligence is positive and insignificant. In addition, the effect of total strategic thinking on organizational innovation through strategic intelligence was positive and significant, and the effect of total strategic thinking on organizational change through strategic intelligence is positive and insignificant.

Conclusion

As a general conclusion, it should be acknowledged that strategic thinking calls managers to learn quickly from the business environment and use creativity to create new values.

This way of thinking brings a different perspective on the competition that can lead to innovative strategies and segmentation advantage. What is certain is that the ability to think strategically is a tool for understanding the values and goals of sports and youth departments. Therefore, it is important that managers manage these abilities and capabilities and identify assets. Changing the mentality and intelligence of employees, presenting new ideas, career, technological and strategic changes, reorganization and thousands of other factors can be the source of these changes. Therefore, it should be stated that what makes a strategy effective is not the method and methodology used. Many outstanding managers with memorable strategies have not experienced any of the usual methods of strategy formulation. As if they had a different intelligence. This intelligence, which is called "strategic intelligence", is the intelligence that makes them see what others do not. Imagining things that others cannot imagine at all. Offer something that no one else has. It is suggested that opportunistic and smart managers can enjoy a competitive advantage over others by taking advantage of strategic intelligence capabilities through gaining new experiences using different strategies resulting from strategic thinking that are

more compatible with the changing environment of the organization.

Ethical Considerations Compliance with ethical guidelines:

Funding: The research was done without using financial resources Authors’ contribution: The authors have contributed each other Conflict of interest: The authors have no conflicts of interest Acknowledgments: We are grateful to all those who helped the researchers in conducting this research.

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ﺛﺄﺗ ﯿ ﺮ ﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا ﺮﮑﻔﺗ ﯾ

ﮏ روآﻮﻧ ﺮﺑ ي

ﻐﺗ و ﯿﯿ ﺮ ﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﯽ نﺎﺳاﺮﺧ نﺎﻧاﻮﺟ و شزرو تارادا ناﺮﯾﺪﻣ رد

ﻣ ﺶﻘﻧ :ﯽﺑﻮﻨﺟ ﯿ

ﺠﻧﺎ ﯽ ﺮﮔ ﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا شﻮﻫ ﯾ

ﮏ

اﯾ نﺎﻤ ﺋﺎﻔﺻ ﯽ

1

، 

ﺣ ﻪﻬﻟا ﯿ رﺪ ﯾ نﺎ ﺎﺑ ﯽﯾ 2

1 .

،لوﺆﺴﻣ هﺪﻨﺴﯾﻮﻧ ﺑﺮﺗ هوﺮﮔ

ﯿ ﺖ ﻧﺪﺑ ﯽ

، ﺑ ﺪﺣاو ﯿ

،ﺪﻨﺟﺮ ﻣﻼﺳا دازآ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﯽ

، ﺑ ﯿ

،ﺪﻨﺟﺮ اﯾ ناﺮ :ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺎﯾار . r iaubir.ac.i safaei@

2.

ﺑﺮﺗ هوﺮﮔ ﯿ ﺖ ﻧﺪﺑ ﯽ

، ﻣﻼﺳا دازآ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،ﺪﻧوﺎﻣد ﺪﺣاو ﯽ

، ا ،ﺪﻧوﺎﻣد ﯾ ناﺮ :ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺎﯾار . [email protected]

ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ تﺎﻋﻼﻃا هﺪﯿﮑﭼ

:ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ عﻮﻧ ﯽﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ

رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺦ رد ﯾ ﺖﻓﺎ : 04 / 06 / 1400

:يﺮﮕﻧزﺎﺑ ﺦﯾرﺎﺗ 03

/ 08 / 1400

رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺦ ﺬﭘ ﯾ شﺮ : 18 / 08 / 1400

رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺦ رﺎﺸﺘﻧا : 11 / 10 / 1401

ﺪﯿﻠﮐ هژاو :ﺎﻫ ،شزرو تارادا

ﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا ﺮﮑﻔﺗ ﯾ

،ﮏ

ﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا شﻮﻫ ﯾ

،ﮏ

ﻐﺗ ﯿﯿ ﺮ ﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﯽ

،

روآﻮﻧ ي نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ :ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ

ﻌﺗ فﺪﻫ ﺎﺑ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﯿﯿ

ﻦ ﺛﺄﺗ ﯿﺮ ﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا ﺮﮑﻔﺗ ﯾ

ﮏ روآﻮﻧ ﺮﺑ ي ﻐﺗ و ﯿﯿ ﺮ ﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﯽ ﻣ ﺶﻘﻧ ﺎﺑ ﯿ ﺠﻧﺎ ﯽ ﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا شﻮﻫ ﯾ

ﮏ

.ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا :ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ شور رﺎﻣآ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ

ي ﻠﮐ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﯿﻪ

ﺑﻮﻨﺟ نﺎﺳاﺮﺧ نﺎﺘﺳا نﺎﻧاﻮﺟ و شزرو تارادا نﺎﻨﮐرﺎﮐ ﯽ

ﻪﺑ

داﺪﻌﺗ 287 رﺎﻤﺷﺮﺳ شور زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ دﻮﺑ ﺮﻔﻧ ي

داﺪﻌﺗ 274 ﺮﻔﻧ ﺪﺟاو اﺮﺷ ﯾ ﻂ ﻪﺑ رﺎﻣآ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ناﻮﻨﻋ ي

.ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ اﯾ

ﻦ

ﻫﺎﻣ ظﺎﺤﻟزا ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﯿ

ﺖ ،شور و ﯾ ﮏ ﺻﻮﺗ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﯿﻔ

ﯽ ﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ عﻮﻧ زا ﯽ

فﺪﻫ ﺮﻈﻨﻣ زا و ﯾ

ﮏ دﺮﺑرﺎﮐ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ي

ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .

اﺮﺑ ي روادﺮﮔ ي هداد ﺎﻫ زا رﺎﻬﭼ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ دراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا ﺮﮑﻔﺗ ﯾﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا ﮏ ) ﻦﻣﺪﻠﮔ 2005 روآﻮﻧ ،(

ي ﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﯽ ) ﺪﻤﺣا و ﮓﻧو 2004

،(

ﻐﺗ ﯿﯿ ﺮ ﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﯽ ﻣ ﯿ ﻞ ) 2003 ﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا شﻮﻫ و ( ﯾ

ﮏ ﻣ ﺑﻮﮑ ﯽ ) 2007 ﺎﭘ .ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ( ﯾﺎ

ﯽﯾ اﯾ ﻦ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﺎﻫ رد ﯾا ﻦ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ

ﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﯿ ﺐ 85 /0 ، 94 /0 ، 84 /0 ، 90 /0 اور و ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ دروآﺮﺑ ﯽﯾ

رﻮﺻ ي نآ ﻧ ﺎﻫ ﯿﺰ ﺋﺎﺗ ﻪﺑ ندﻮﺑ دراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﯿﺪ

ﺼﺼﺨﺘﻣ و نﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﮐ ﯿ

ﻦ ﺑﺮﺗ ﯿ ﺖ ﻧﺪﺑ ﯽ ﺳر ﯿ هﺪ اﺮﺑ .ﺖﺳا ي ﺰﺠﺗ ﯾﻪ ﻠﺤﺗو ﯿ ﻞ هداد ﺎﻫ زا ﺺﺧﺎﺷ يﺎﻫ ﺻﻮﺗ ﯿﻔ ﯽ لﺪﻣ نﻮﻣزآ و زﺎﺳ

ي

رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ تﻻدﺎﻌﻣ ي

مﺮﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻟ راﺰﻓا ﯿ لرﺰ .ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا

:ﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﺎﺘﻧ ﯾ ﺞ ﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا ﺮﮑﻔﺗ ﻞﮐ ﺮﺛا داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﯾ

ﮏ روآﻮﻧ ﺮﺑ ي ﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﯽ ﺮﻃ زا ﯾ ﻖ ﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا شﻮﻫ ﯾ

ﮏ ﻏ و ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﯿﺮ ﻨﻌﻣ ﯽ راد

ﻐﺗ ﺮﺑ و ﯿﯿ ﺮ ﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﯽ ﺮﻃ زا ﯾ ﻖ ﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا شﻮﻫ ﯾ

ﮏ ﻏ و ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﯿﺮ ﻨﻌﻣ ﯽ راد ﻪﺑ .ﺖﺳا ﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا ﺮﮑﻔﺗ ﻞﮐ ﺮﺛا هوﻼﻋ ﯾ

ﮏ روآﻮﻧ ﺮﺑ ي

ﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﯽ ﺮﻃ زا ﯾ ﻖ ﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا شﻮﻫ ﯾ

ﮏ ﻨﻌﻣ و ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﯽ

راد و دﻮﺑ ﺮﺛا ﮐ ﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا ﺮﮑﻔﺗ ﻞ ﯾ

ﮏ ﻐﺗ ﺮﺑ ﯿﯿ ﺮ ﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﯽ ﺮﻃ زا ﯾ ﻖ شﻮﻫ

ﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا ﯾ ﮏ ﻏ و ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﯿﺮ ﻨﻌﻣ ﯽ راد .ﺖﺳا

:يﺮﯿﮔ ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ رد

ﯾ ﮏ ﺘﻧ ﯿ ﻪﺠ ﮔ ﯿﺮ ي ﻠﮐ ﯽ ﺎﺑ ﯾﺪ ﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا ﺮﮑﻔﺗ ﺖﻔﮔ ﯾ

ﮏ ﺪﻣ ﯾ ناﺮ ﻪﺑ ار ﻮﺳ ي ﯾ ﮔدﺎ ﯿﺮ ي ﺮﺳ ﯾﻊ ﺤﻣ زا ﯿ ﻂ ﺐﺴﮐ رﺎﮐو

ﻪﺑ و ﮔرﺎﮐ ﯿﺮ ي ﻗﻼﺧ ﯿ ﺖ اﺮﺑ ي شزرا ﻖﻠﺧ يﺎﻫ

ﺪﺟ ﯾﺪ ﻣاﺮﻓ ﯽ ﺪﻧاﻮﺧ ا اﺬﻟ . ﯾ ﻦ ﺷ ﯿ هﻮ ﻢﺸﭼ ،ﺮﮑﻔﺗ ﯽﯾﺎﻫزاﺪﻧا

ﺎﻤﺘﻣ ﯾﺰ ﻪﺑ ار ﺎﺒﻗر زا

.دراد هاﺮﻤﻫ

دﺎﻨﺘﺳا : ﯽﺋﺎﻔﺻ ،ا نﺎﻤﯾ

؛ ﯽﯾﺎﺑ نﺎﯾرﺪﯿﺣ ،ا

ﻪﻬﻟ ) 1401 .(

ﺛﺄﺗ ﯿﺮ ﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا ﺮﮑﻔﺗ ﯾ ﮏ روآﻮﻧ ﺮﺑ ي ﻐﺗ و ﯿﯿ ﺮ ﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﯽ ﻣ ﺶﻘﻧ :ﯽﺑﻮﻨﺟ نﺎﺳاﺮﺧ نﺎﻧاﻮﺟ و شزرو تارادا ناﺮﯾﺪﻣ رد ﯿ

ﺠﻧﺎ ﯽ ﺮﮔ

ﮏ ﺮﺸﻧ ، ﮥﯾ ﺪﻣ ﯾﺮ ﯾ ﺖ ﺷزرو ﯽ

، 2 )4 ،(

223-239 .

DOI:http//doi.org/10.22059/JSM.2021.329526.2804

ﺎﻧ هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد ،ناﺮﻬﺗ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد :ﺮﺷ ﯽﺘﺳرﺪﻨﺗ و ﯽﺷزرو مﻮﻠﻋ

. .نﺎﮔﺪﻨﺴﯾﻮﻧ©

(4)

226 نﺎﺘﺴﻣز ،مرﺎﻬﭼ ةرﺎﻤﺷ ،ﻢﻫدرﺎﻬﭼ ةرود ،ﯽﺷزرو ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ

1401

ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ هزوﺮﻣا نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﯽﮔﺪﻧز ﮏﺒﺳ و ﺎﺿﺎﻘﺗ ﻪﺑ ﯽﯾﻮﮕﺨﺳﺎﭘ ياﺮﺑ ﺪﯾﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ و نﺎﺸﻧﺎﯾﺮﺘﺸﻣ

هﺮﻬﺑ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﺖﺻﺮﻓ زا يرادﺮﺑ

هﺪﺷدﺎﺠﯾا يﺎﻫ

ﻪﺑ يروآﻮﻧ .ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ روآﻮﻧ ،رازﺎﺑ تاﺮـﯿﯿﻐﺗ و يروﺎﻨﻓ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ يﺎﻫﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ رﻮﻃ

ﺖﮐﺮﺷ تﺪﻣﺪﻨﻠﺑ ﺖﯿﻘﻓﻮﻣ ﯽﻠﺻا ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ زا ﯽﮑﯾ ناﻮﻨﻋ يﺎﻫرازﺎﺑ رد ﺎﻫ

ا هﺪﺷ لﺪﺑ ﯽﺘﺑﺎﻗر ﺳ

اﺮﯾز ؛ﺖ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ يﺎﻫ اﻮﺧ ردﺎﻗ ﻻﺎﺑ يروآﻮﻧ ﺖﯿﻓﺮﻇ ﺎﺑ ﺶﻟﺎﭼ ﻪﺑ يﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﻮـﺤﻧ ﻪﺑ و ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﺎﺑ دﻮﺑ ﺪﻨﻫ

ﯽﻄﯿﺤﻣ يﺎﻫ

ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﻮﮔ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ جﺎﺟ) ،1

2011 ( . هزﺎﺗ عاﺮﺘﺧا ﯽﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ يروآﻮﻧ .ﺖﺳا ﻪﯿﺿﺮﻓ ﺎﯾ يرﻮﺌﺗ ،مﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﺮﯿﻈﻧ هزﺎﺗ تﺎﻋﻼﻃا ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﺎﯾ ﺶﻧاد زا يا

ﻪﺑ ترﺎﺒﻋ ﺖﺳا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ياﺮﺑ ﺪﯾﺪﺟ يﺰﯿﭼ يﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ يروآﻮﻧ ،ﺮﮕﯾد ﯽﻨﮐ و نورﺎﺑ)

2، 1986 ( . يروآﻮﻧ ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ

، هﺪﯾا ﯽﻓﺮﻌﻣ ،تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ ،ﺎﻫ

ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ و تﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ياﺮﺑ ﺪﻨﻣدﻮﺳ و ﺪﯾﺪﺟ يﺎﻫ

ﯽﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺖﮐﺮﺷ . ﻪﺑ يروآﻮﻧ زا ﺎﻫ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻠﺑﺎﻘﻣ ،ﯽﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ قﺎﺒﻄﻧا دﺎﺠﯾا ياﺮﺑ ﻪﻠﯿﺳو ﮏﯾ ناﻮﻨﻋ

ﯽﻣ مﺎﻧ يﺮﺘﺸﻣ يﺎﻫﺎﺿﺎﻘﺗ ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ و ﺪﯾﺪﺷ ﯽﺘﺑﺎﻗر يﺎﻫرﺎﺸﻓ ﺪﻧﺮﺑ

ﻞﻣﺎﺣ) ،3

2006 (.

و ﺮﺘﺴﯿﻔﭘ ﻮﻟ ﺎﮐ

4 ) 2018 ( ﺪﻫاﻮﺷ ي ﺪﻧداد ﻪﺋارا ﯽﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﮐ

ﺪﻫد

دﻮﺟوﺎﺑ ناﺪﻨﻣرﺎﮐ هﺮﻬﺑ فاﺪﻫا

ﻪﺑ يرو و ﻖﻘﺤﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗﺮﯿﻏ ﺮﻫﺎﻇ ﺎﻫرﺎﺸﻓ

ي ﺷﺎﻧ ﯽ راﻮﺷد زا ي فاﺪﻫا اﺮﺑ ،ﻻﺎﺑ ﺢﻄﺳ ي

ﻗﻼﺧ ﯿ ﺖ ﮏﺴﯾر و يﺮﯾﺬﭘ

ﯽﻣ ﻪﺘﺨﯿﮕﻧاﺮﺑ .ﺪﻧﻮﺷ

نآ ﯽﻣ لﻻﺪﺘﺳا ﺎﻫ ﺴﺑ فاﺪﻫا ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ

ﯿ رﺎ ﺶﻟﺎﭼ ﻏﺮﺗ ار داﺮﻓا ،ﺰﯿﮕﻧاﺮﺑ ﯿ

ﺐ ﯽﻣ ﻟﻮﺗ ﺖﻤﺳ ﻪﺑ ار دﻮﺧ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺗ ﺪﻨﮐ ﯿﺪ

روآﻮﻧ ي

ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﻫد قﻮﺳ ار رﺎﮐ ﻦﯾا

ﮏﺴﯾر ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ رد ﺎﺑ ﺑ يﺎﻫ

ﯿ ﺮﺘﺸ ﯽﻣ مﺎﺠﻧا ﺪﻨﻫد .

هزوﺮﻣا نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﯽﻠﺻا ﺶﻟﺎﭼ ؛ﺖﺳا يروآﻮﻧ ،ﺎﻫ

يروآﻮﻧ ﻪﮐاﺮﭼ ﯽﻣ ﻞﯿﻬﺴﺗ ار ﯽﻄﯿﺤﻣ تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ زا يرﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻖﯿﺒﻄﺗ ﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ

،ﻊﻗاورد .ﺪﻨﮐ

ﯽﻣ ﮏﻤﮐ ﯽﺟرﺎﺧ ﻢﻃﻼﺘﻣ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ ﺎﺑ درﻮﺧﺮﺑ رد نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ندﻮﺑ روآﻮﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ يﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ و ﯽﮔﺪﯿﭽﯿﭘ ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﮐ

ﻪﻠﺑﺎﻘﻣ ﺖﺳا ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا لﺎﺣ رد ﺖﻋﺮﺳ

ﺪﻨﮐ تﺎﻧﻮﮔ) نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و5

، 2016 ( . ﯽﻓﺮﻃ زا نﺮﻗ ﺖﺴﯿﺑ و ﻢﮑﯾ ار نﺎﻣز تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﻊﯿﺳو رد يﺎﯿﻧد ﯽﻣ رﺎﮐ ﻪﻟﻮﻘﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻣ و ﺪﻨﻣﺎﻧ ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ مﺎﻧ ﻪﺑ يا

ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ .ﻢﯿﻬﺟاﻮﻣ ﯽﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﯽﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ

ﻪﺑ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ زا ﻞﻣﺎﻌﺗ يﺎﻫوﺮﯿﻧ ﯽﻧورد و ﯽﻧوﺮﯿﺑ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﺮﺑ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﯽﻣ هرﺎﺷا ﺪﻨﮐ و زا يﻮﺳ ﺮﮕﯾد ﻪﺑ

يراﺬﮔﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ

ﺮﺑ ﯽﻄﯿﺤﻣ ﻪﮐ رد نآ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﯽﻣ

،ﺪﻨﮐ دراد ﻪﺟﻮﺗ )

درﻼﯾد ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و6

2011 (.

ﻐﺗ ﯿﯿ ﺮ ﻐﺘﻣ ﻪﺑ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ، ﯿ

ﺎﻫﺮ ي ﺤﻣ ﯿ ﻄ ﯽ

ﻠﮑﺷ ﻪﺑ ﯽ ﯽﻣ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا نآ دﻮﺷ

ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﺮﺗرﺎﮔزﺎﺳ و ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﺎﻫ .ا

ﯾ ﻦ ﻐﺗ ﯿﯿ ﺮ هﺪﯾا ذﺎﺨﺗا زا ﺖﺳا ترﺎﺒﻋ شور و ﺎﻫ

ﺪﺟ يﺎﻫ ﯾﺪ حﻼﺻا ،رﺎﮐ ﯾ

ﮏ

ﺳﺎﺳا درﻮﻣ ﯽ

نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ فاﺪﻫا و ﺎﻫدﺮﮐرﺎﮐ رد اﺮﺑ

ي ﺘﺳد ﺖﺻﺮﻓ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا و تﻼﮑﺸﻣ ﻊﻓر ﯿﺑﺎ

ﯽ ﺎﺑ ﺪﺷر ﻪﺑ فﺪﻫ اﺰﻓا ﯾ ﺶ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﯽﯾارﺎﮐ ﯽﻣ

ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .

ﻐﺗ ﯿﯿ ﺮ ﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﯽ ﻌﻗﻮﻣ ﺎﺑ ﯿﺘ ﯽ ﯽﻣ زﺎﻏآ ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ دﻮﺷ ﯾﺪ

ﻐﺗ ﯿﯿ ﺮ ﺪﻨﮐ ﻪﮐ ؛ ﺮﻃ زا ﯾ ﻖ آﺮﻓ ﯾ ﺪﻨ ﺎﻣزآ ﯾ ﺶ هار ﻞﺣ ﺎﻫ عوﺮﺷ هﺪﺷ اﺮﺟا ﺎﺑ و ي روآﻮﻧ ي ﺎﭘ ﻪﺑ ﯾ نﺎ ﺪﺳﺮﺑ

ﺪﻤﺤﻣ) ،7

2018 ( . نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻠﻌﻓ يﺎﻫ ﻦﯿﻨﭼ ،ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﻪﺘﺳﻮﯿﭘ ﺪﯾﺎﺑ ﻪﻫد ﮏﯾ ياﺮﺑ ﯽﺘﺣ ءﺎﻘﺑ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ

ﺗ راﺮﻘﺘﺳا ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﺖﺳا ﻦﮑﻤﻣ يﺮﯿﯿﻐ

ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ و ﻂﺑاور ﻪﭽﻧآ ﺮﻫ و دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا ،هزﺎﺗ مﺎﻈﻧ ﮏﯾ لﺎﻤﻋا ،نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺪﯾﺪﺠﺗ ،ﺪﯾﺪﺟ تاﺰﯿﻬﺠﺗ ﯽﻣ نﻮﮔﺮﮔد ار يرﺎﺟ يﺎﻫ

،دزﺎﺳ

ﺪﺷﺎﺑ و ﯽﻧﺎﮐدرا ﯽﺗوﺮﻣ) نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ

، 1396 ( . ،ﺎﺘﺳار ﻦﯿﻤﻫ رد ﺪﻣ

ﯾﺮ ﯾ ﺖ ﻐﺗ ﯿﯿ ﺮ ﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﯽ ﻠﻣاﻮﻋ ﻪﺑ ﯽ ﯽﻣ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ آﺮﻓ ﺮﺑ ﻪﮐ دﻮﺷ

ﯾ ﺎﻫﺪﻨ ي ﻐﺗ ﯿﯿ ﺮ رد

ﯽﻣ ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ دراﺬﮔ

. ﻪﺑ صﺎﺧ رﻮﻃ ﺰﮐﺮﻤﺗ ،

ﻐﺗ ﯿﯿ تاﺮ ﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﯽ ﺎﭘ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﺖﻤﺳ ﻪﺑ ﯾ

راﺪ ا ﺰﮐﺮﻤﺘﻣ ﺳ ﺖ ﻞﮔﻮﺑ) ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و8

2019 ( . نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺎﻫ

ﻪﺑ ﻪﺑ داﺮﻓا و ﻞﮐ ﮏﯾ ناﻮﻨﻋ صﺎﺧ رﻮﻃ

، ﺪﻧﻮﻨﺸﺑ ار ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﻪﻤﻠﮐ ﺪﻧراﺪﻧ ﺖﺳود .

نآ ﺮﻈﻧزا ﻞﺜﻣ .ﺖﺳا يﺪﻨﯾﺎﺷﻮﺧﺎﻧ ﯽﻧﺎﻌﻣ ياراد ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﺎﻫ

،جاﺮﺧا

1. Judge

2. Baron & Kenny

3. Hamel

4. Pfister & Lukka

5. Guinot

6. Dillard

7. Mohammed

8. Bögel

(5)

ﺛﺄﺗ ﯿ ﺮ ﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا ﺮﮑﻔﺗ ﯾ

ﮏ روآﻮﻧ ﺮﺑ ي ﻐﺗ و ﯿﯿ ﺮ ﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﯽ شزرو تارادا ناﺮﯾﺪﻣ رد نﺎﻧاﻮﺟ و

ﻣ ﺶﻘﻧ : ﯿ ﺠﻧﺎ ﯽ ﺮﮔ ﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا شﻮﻫ ﯾ

ﮏ 227

ﻪﺑﺎﺟ و لﺎﻘﺘﻧا .ﺖﺧادﺮﭘ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ و ﯽﯾﺎﺟ

زا يرﺎﯿﺴﺑ ياﺮﺑ ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ داﺮﻓا

، ﺶﻨﺗ و سﺮﺘﺳا رد ار ﯽﯾﺎﻫ

ﺤﻣ و رﺎﮐ ﻞ ﯽﻣ دﺎﺠﯾا نﺎﻨﮐرﺎﮐ رد ﺮﻣا ﻦﯾا و ﺪﻨﮐ

ﯽﻣ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ نآ ﻪﮐ دﻮﺷ ا ﺎﺑ ﻪﻠﺑﺎﻘﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ

ﺪﻧﺰﯿﺧﺮﺑ هﺪﯾﺪﭘ ﻦﯾ ﻦﻤﭽﯾر)

،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و1

2008 (.

ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﯽﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ﺎﻫ

نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺪﻫد ﺎﻫ

ﺎﺑ يروآﻮﻧ نﺎﺸﯾﺎﻫ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﯽﻣ ﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﯽﻄﯿﺤﻣ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﺪﻨﻫد و ياﺮﺑ نﺪﯿﺳر ﻪﺑ

دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ

،ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﺖﯿﻠﺑﺎﻗ يﺎﻫ يﺪﯾﺪﺟ ﺐﺴﮐ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﻪﻠﺌﺴﻣ. زوﺮﻣا نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺎﻫ ﺎﺑ هار ﻞﺣ يﺎﻫ زوﺮﯾد ﻞﺣ ﯽﻧﺪﺷ ﺖﺴﯿﻧ و ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ ﯽﻄﯿﺤﻣ ﻪﺑ يﺪﺣ

،هﺪﯿﭽﯿﭘ ﺎﯾﻮﭘ ﻦﺌﻤﻄﻣﺎﻧ و هﺪﯾدﺮﮔ

ﻪﮐ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺎﻫ ﺮﮕﯾد ﯽﻤﻧ ﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺗ نوﺪﺑ يروآﻮﻧ

، تﺎﯿﺣ تﺪﻣﺪﻨﻠﺑ دﻮﺧ

ار ﻦﯿﻤﻀﺗ ﺪﻨﯾﺎﻤﻧ ) وﺮﯿﻤﻧ ،2

2014 ( .

ﻦﺘﺧادﺮﭘ ﻪﺑ ﻪﭼ ،يروآﻮﻧ ﻪﺑ نﺎﻨﮐرﺎﮐ هﺪﯾا ندﺮﮐ هدﺎﯿﭘ ﯽﻨﻌﯾ ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣ ترﻮﺻ

ﻪﻨﯿﻣز رد ﻮﻧ يﺎﻫ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﯽﺼﺼﺨﺗ و ﯽﻨﻓ ،يرادا يﺎﻫ

و نﺎﻧآ دﻮﺧ

ﻪﺑ ﻪﭼ يروآﻮﻧ زا ﺖﯾﺎﻤﺣ و لﺎﺒﻘﺘﺳا ﯽﻨﻌﯾ ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣﺮﯿﻏ ترﻮﺻ ﺷزرو يﺎﻀﻓ رد ﺎﻫ

ﯽ ﯽﻣ دﻮﺟو ﻪﺑ ﯽﯾﺎﻀﻓ ، يﺎﻫرﺎﮐ مﺎﺠﻧا ﻪﯿﺣور نآ رد ﻪﮐ دروآ

ﻪﺘﻓر يراﺮﮑﺗ و ﺖﺧاﻮﻨﮑﯾ ﯽﻣ ﻞﯾﺪﺒﺗ نﺎﻧاﻮﺟ و شزرو ﺢﻄﺳ رد ﻪﻧاروآﻮﻧ يرﺎﺘﻓر ﻪﺑ ﻪﺘﻓر

ددﺮﮔ ) ﯽﻠﯿﺟوﺪﻟا ،3

2012 ( ﻦﯾازا . ور رد ﻂﯿﺤﻣ ﯽﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ

ﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ،زوﺮﻣا ﯽﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ

ﺖﻬﺟ ﻪﻬﺟاﻮﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺶﻟﺎﭼ يﺎﻫ ﯽﻧورد ﯽﻧوﺮﯿﺑ و و يرﺎﮔزﺎﺳ ﺎﺑ

،نآ يﺮﻣا يروﺮﺿ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺪﺳر و دﺎﺠﯾا تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ

،بﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﯽﻠﺻا ﻦﯾﺮﺗ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ يﺎﻘﺑ ﺎﻫ

ﻪﺑ رﺎﻤﺷ ﯽﻣ رد .دور ﻦﯾا نﺎﯿﻣ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﯽﯾﺎﯾﻮﭘ

،ﯽﻄﯿﺤﻣ يﺎﻫ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ

ﺎﻫ ار رﺎﭼﺎﻧ ﻪﺑ دﺎﺠﯾا ﯽﺗاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ

رد

،ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ،يﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا ﺎﻫﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ

و رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ نﺎﻧآ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺖﺳا ﺎﺗ ﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺘﺑ ﻪﻨﯿﻣز ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ي رادﺎﻨﻌﻣ

نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ رد ﻂﯿﺤﻣ ار ﻢﻫاﺮﻓ دزﺎﺳ و ﯽﮔدﺎﻣآ

ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ياﺮﺑ ﯽﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ

ﯽﮑﯾ زا ﻢﻬﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺗ يﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ ﺖﺳا ﻪﮐ ﺶﺨﺑﺮﺛا ياﺮﺟا ﻦﯾا

تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ار ﺖﺤﺗ ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ راﺮﻗ ﯽﻣ ﺪﻫد ﯽﻧوﺪﯾﺮﻓ) ﯽﻧﺎﻫاﺮﻓ ﯽﻟﻼﺟ و

،

2018 ( ﯽﻣ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ . دﻮﻤﻧ نﺎﯿﺑ ناﻮﺗ

ﻐﺗ ﯿﯿ تاﺮ ﯽﻣ دﻮﺟو ﻪﺑ ز ﺪﯾآ

ﯾ اﺮ روآﻮﻧ ي هﺪﯾا ﺐﻟﺎﻗ رد ﻪﭼ ، ﺎﻫ

ي ﺪﺟ ﯾﺪ ﺪﺟ ﺶﻧاد ﻪﭼ و ﯾﺪ

،ﯾ ﮑ ﯽ ﻠﺻا ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ زا ﯽ

ﺰﻣ ﯾ ﺖ ﺘﺑﺎﻗر ﯽ دﺎﺼﺘﻗا ﺪﺷر ، ي

روآﻮﻧ .ﺖﺳا نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ رد لﺎﻐﺘﺷا و ي

ﯽﻣ هزﺎﺟا نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻘﻓﻮﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺎﺗ ﺪﻫد

ﯿ ﺖ ﻐﺗ ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ رد ﯿﯿ

تاﺮ ﺤﻣ رد ﯿ ﻂ ﻪﮐ رازﺎﺑ و

ﻟﺎﻌﻓ نآ رد نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﯿ

ﺖ ﯽﻣ اﺰﻣ و ﺪﻫد ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ،ﺪﻨﮐ ﯾﺎ

ي ﺘﺑﺎﻗر ﯽ ﺎﭘ نﺎﻣز ﺖﺷﺬﮔ ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ار ﯾ

راﺪ ﺪﻫد ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ،ﺖﺳا .

ﺪﺑ ﯾ ﻦ ﺗﺮﺗ ﯿ ﺐ روآﻮﻧ ي ﻪﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﯾ ﮏ

اﯾ هﺪ شور ، ﯾﺎ ﺳو ﯿ ﻪﻠ ﺪﺟ ﯾﺪ ﺮﻌﺗ ﯾ ﻒ ا ﻞﻤﻋ .ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﯾ

دﺎﺠ ﯾ ﮏ تﺎﻣﺪﺧ ،لﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﯾﺎ

اﺮﻓ ﯾ ﺪﻨ ي ﺪﺟ ﯾﺪ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ ار نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺖﺳا ﻦﮑﻤﻣ ﻪﮐ

ﺪﺸﺨﺑ ) ﺰﭽﻧﺎﺳ ﺎﯿﺳرﺎﮔ نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و4

، 2018 ( . ﭙﻣﻮﺷ ﯿ ﺮﺘ

5 ) 1934 ( ﯽﻣ نﺎﻋذا دراد

دﺎﺼﺘﻗا ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ترﺪﻗ ي

نرﺪﻣ

، ﺎﻣﺮﺳ ﯾﻪ ﻧ رﺎﮐ و ﯿ ﺖﺴ . روآﻮﻧ ﻪﮑﻠﺑ ي

ﺖﺳا روآﻮﻧ و ي ﻠﮐ ﯿﺪ ي اﺮﺑ ي ﻟﻮﺗ ﯿﺪ ﺖﺳا تﺎﻋﻼﻃا و ﺶﻧاد زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا و رﺎﺸﺘﻧا ، يﺎﺷ و ﮓﻧاژ)

،6

2017 ( ﻦﯾا زا.

ور ﺴﺑ ﯿ رﺎ ي و نﺎﻘﻘﺤﻣ زا

روآﻮﻧ نﺎﺼﺼﺨﺘﻣ

،ي نآ اﺮﺑ ار ي ﺖﮐﺮﺷ تﺪﻣﺪﻨﻠﺑ ﺪﺷر و ﺖﺑﺎﻗر ﺎﻫ

نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ و ﺎﻫ روﺮﺿ ي ﯽﻣ ﺪﻨﻧاد ﮓﻧﺎﭼ) ،7

2019 ( ؛

ناﺮﮕﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﮏﯾﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا ﺮﮑﻔﺗ

ار يﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ يﺎﻫ

لﺪﻣ ﺎﯾ و نﺎﻨﯿﻤﻃا ﺐﺴﮐ يﺎﻫ

ﯽﻣ يرﺎﮐو ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧاد

ﻪﺑ ﻖﻠﺧ شزرا ياﺮﺑ

يﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ﺮﺗرﻮﭘ .ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﯽﻣ هﺪﻨﯾآ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻃﻮﺑﺮﻣ تﺎﯿﺿﺮﻓ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ و ﻦﯾوﺪﺗ ﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ ار ﮏﯾﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا ﺮﮑﻔﺗ

فاﺪﻫا ،ﺖﻟﺎﺳر يﺎﻨﺑﺮﯾز ﻪﮐ ﯽﺗﺎﯿﺿﺮﻓ .ﺪﻧاد

ﯽﻣ ﻞﯿﮑﺸﺗ ار نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ يﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا و ﺪﻨﻫد

) نﻮﺴﮑﯾرا و دوﻮﻟآ ،8

2017 (.

ﺎﻨﻌﻣ و مﺎﻬﺑا ﻊﻓر نآ فﺪﻫ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا مواﺪﻣ ﺪﻨﯾآﺮﻓ ﮏﯾ ﮏﯾﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا ﺮﮑﻔﺗ

ﺪﻨﯾآﺮﻓ ﻦﯾا .ﺖﺳا هﺪﯿﭽﯿﭘ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ ﮏﯾ ﻪﺑ نﺪﯿﺸﺨﺑ ﻪﯾﺰﺠﺗ

ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗو ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﮏﯾ ﺐﻟﺎﻗ رد ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﻧﺎﻗﻼﺧ ﺐﯿﮐﺮﺗ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ و ﺖﯿﻌﻗﻮﻣ

ﮏﯾﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا ﺖﯿﻘﻓﻮﻣ

ﺰﯿﻣآ رد ار ﯽﻣﺮﺑ دﺮﯿﮔ ﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﻢﻬﻣ يﺎﻫراﺰﺑا زا ﯽﮑﯾ ﮏﯾﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا ﺮﮑﻔﺗ . نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ رد ﺖ

ﮏﯾﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا ﺮﮑﻔﺗ .ﺖﺳا هﺪﯿﭽﯿﭘ يﺎﻫ

ﻂﯿﺤﻣ رد نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺪﺷر و ﺎﻘﺑ ياﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ

تﺪﺷ يﺮﻣا يزوﺮﻣا ﻢﻃﻼﺗﺮﭘ و ﯽﺘﺑﺎﻗر بﺎﻨﺘﺟا

ﺮﯾﺬﭘﺎﻧ ﺖﺳا ﺖﻧﺮﮔ) ،9

2018 (.

1. Richman

2. Nemiro

3. Al-dujaili

4. García-Sánchez

5. Schumpeter

6. Zhang & Cai

7. Chang

8. Allwood & Erikson

9. Grant

(6)

228 نﺎﺘﺴﻣز ،مرﺎﻬﭼ ةرﺎﻤﺷ ،ﻢﻫدرﺎﻬﭼ ةرود ،ﯽﺷزرو ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ

1401

) ﻪﺧﺮﺳ 1395 ﯽﻣ رﺎﻬﻇا ( دراد

نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﯽﻣ ،ﯽﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ و يدﺮﻓ ﺢﻄﺳ ود رد ﮏﯾﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا ﺮﮑﻔﺗ ﺮﺑ ﺪﯿﮐﺄﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ ﯽﻠﺻا ﺖﯿﻠﺑﺎﻗ ﮏﯾ ﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺗ

ار ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ

ﺖﯿﻠﺑﺎﻗ ﻦﯾا .ﺪﻨﻨﮐ دﺎﺠﯾا

، فﺎﻄﻌﻧا ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ رد ار نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﯽﻣ ﺮﺗرﺎﮔزﺎﺳ و ﺮﺗﺮﯾﺬﭘ

نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ و ﺪﻨﮐ رد ﺮﻤﺘﺴﻣ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﻞﺻا ﻪﺑ ﯽﺑﺎﯿﺘﺳد ﺖﻬﺟ ﺎﻫ

ﯽﻣ يرﺎﯾ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ءﺎﻘﺑ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺎﻧ و ﻢﻬﺒﻣ هﺪﻨﯾآ زا و ﺪﯾد ار نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺮﺑ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ناﻮﺘﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﯽﻨﻌﻣ ﻦﯾﺪﺑ ﮏﯾﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا ﺮﮑﻔﺗ .ﺪﻧﺎﺳر

ﺎﺑ ﻦﺌﻤﻄﻣ

هار ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺑاو ﻪﻈﺣﻼﻣ ﻞﺣ

ﻪﺑ ار ناﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﮏﯾﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا ﺮﮑﻔﺗ ﺖﯾﺎﻬﻧرد .دﺮﮐ طﺎﺒﻨﺘﺳا ار ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻣ يﺎﻫ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ زا ﻊﯾﺮﺳ يﺮﯿﮔدﺎﯾ يﻮﺳ

ﺐﺴﮐ ﻪﺑ و رﺎﮐو شزرا ﻖﻠﺧ ياﺮﺑ ﺖﯿﻗﻼﺧ يﺮﯿﮔرﺎﮐ ﯽﻣاﺮﻓ ﺪﯾﺪﺟ يﺎﻫ

ﺪﻧاﻮﺧ ﺎﭘﻮﭘ) ،1

2012 ( ) نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﯽﺑﻮﻘﻌﯾ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ . 1396

داد نﺎﺸﻧ ( ﺮﻫ

ﮑﻔﺗ ﻪﭼ هﺮﻬﺑ و يروآﻮﻧ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ناﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﻦﯿﺑ رد ﮏﯾﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا ﺮ ﯽﻣ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﻢﻫ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ رد يرو

.دﻮﺷ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﺖﻧﺎﯾد

و داﮋﻧ رﻮﭘ جﺮﯾا ) 1395 ( ﺖﺻﺮﻓ ،ﯽﻤﺘﺴﯿﺳ ﺮﮑﻔﺗ ﻦﮐر ﺞﻨﭘ ﺰﯿﻧ و ﺖﺳا راﺬﮔﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ ﯽﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ يروآﻮﻧ ﺮﺑ ﮏﯾﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا ﺮﮑﻔﺗ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﻦﯾا زا ﯽﮐﺎﺣ ﯽﺒﻠﻃ

ا مﺰﻋ ،ﻪﻧاﺪﻨﻤﺷﻮﻫ نﺎﻣز لﻮﻃ رد ﺮﮑﻔﺗ و ﯽﻤﻠﻋ دﺮﮑﯾور سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ يوﺮﺸﯿﭘ ،ﮏﯾﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳ

.ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ راﺬﮔﺮﺛا ﯽﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ يروآﻮﻧ ﺮﺑ ﻦﯾازا

ور داﺮﻓا ﺮﮑﻔﺗ

ﺪﻣ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﻣ رد ل

ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ يﺎﻫ ﯽﻣ رادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ يﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﺖﯿﻤﻫا زا ﮏﯾﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا يﺰﯾر

مﺎﻧ ﮏﯾﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا ﺮﮑﻔﺗ ﻪﮐ ﺮﮑﻔﺗ زا عﻮﻧ ﻦﯾا .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ

، ﺶﻘﻧ

ﯽﻣ يزﺎﺑ يزوﺮﻣا يﺎﯾﻮﭘ و ﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ رد ﺖﻓﺮﺸﯿﭘ و ﺎﻘﺑ ،راﺮﻤﺘﺳا رد ار ﯽﻤﻬﻣ رﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﺪﯾﺎﻤﻧ

) تﺎﮑﺳا و ﻦﻣﺪﻠﮔ ،2

2016 (.

مﻮﺳ هراﺰﻫ رد يدﻼﯿﻣ

نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﯽﯾﺎﻫ ﻖﻓﻮﻣ هﺮﻬﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧا ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﻦﯾﺮﺧآ زا يﺮﯿﮔ

ﺎﺑ ار دﻮﺧ ،دﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ و ﻪﺘﻓر ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ لﺎﺒﻘﺘﺳا ﻪﺑ ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﺶﻧاد يﺎﻫ

ﻦﯿﺑ و ﯽﻠﻣ يﺎﻫﺪﻧور ﻢﻬﻣ ﺮﻣا ﻦﯾا ﻪﺑ نﺪﯿﺳر ياﺮﺑ .ﺪﻧزﺎﺳ هاﺮﻤﻫ ﯽﻠﻠﻤﻟا

، ناﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﯿﻧ ردﺎﻗ ﺮﮕﯾد ﻞﺣ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺘﻨﺳ هﻮﯿﺷ ﻪﺑ يﺰﯾر

ﮑﺸﻣ ﻼ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ زﺎﯿﻧ و ﺪﻧزادﺮﭙﺑ ت ﻧراد ﮏﯾﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا يﺰﯾر

ﻻ .ﺪ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻪﻣز ﺳا ﮏﯾﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا ﺮﮑﻔﺗ ﻦﺘﺷاد ،ﮏﯾﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا يﺰﯾر

.ﺖ ناﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﺐﯿﺗﺮﺗ ﻦﯾﺪﺑ

ﻣ ﯽ ﺶﻟﺎﭼ ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻣ ﺮﺑ ﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺗ هار ﻪﺑ و ﺪﻨﯾﺎﻤﻧ ﻪﺒﻠﻏ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ يﺎﻫ

ﻞﺣ يﺪﻣﺎﯿﭘ ﮏﯾﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا ﺮﮑﻔﺗ ﻦﺘﺷاد ﻪﮐﺎﺠﻧآزا .ﺪﻨﺑﺎﯾ ﺖﺳد ﯽﻘﻄﻨﻣ و ﺖﺳرد يﺎﻫ

ﺖﺳﺎﯿﺳ رد ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣ و ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ و يراﺬﮔ

ﯽﻣ نﺎﻧاﻮﺟ و شزرو ترازو ﺮﺛﺆﻣ و ﻢﻬﻣ نﺎﮐرا زا ﯽﻓﺮﻃ زا و دراد يﺰﯾر ﯽﺗرﻮﺻرد ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

ﻪﮐ

ناﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﺪﻨﻫاﻮﺧ هﺪﻧزﺎﺳ و ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﺶﻘﻧ ﻢﻬﻣ دﺎﻬﻧ ﻦﯾا دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ يﺎﻘﺗرا و فاﺪﻫا ﻖﻘﺤﺗ رد ،ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ رادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﮏﯾﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا ﺮﮑﻔﺗ زا نﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﮐ و

ﺖﺷاد ) ﺪﯾﻮﻧ ﻢﻫدا ،هداز ﻊﯿﻔﺷ و 1398

(.

هزوﺮﻣا ﺶﻟﺎﭼ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ،ﯽﻟﺎﻣ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ رد ناﺮﺤﺑ ﻪﻠﻤﺟزا ﯽﯾﺎﻫ

ﯽﺷزرو يﺎﺿﺎﻘﺗ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا يﺎﻫﺎﺿﺎﻘﺗ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا و

، ﻪﺘﮑﻧ ﻦﯾا ﻪﺑ ﺪﯾﺎﺑ

ﯽﻤﻧ ﯽﺋﺰﺟ تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ دﺮﮐ هرﺎﺷا مﺎﻈﻧ رد ناﻮﺗ

ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ و ﯽﻧﺪﺑ دﺮﮐ دﺎﺠﯾا لﻮﺤﺗ

. مﺎﻈﻧ هﺪﻨﯾآ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ و ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا يﺎﻫ

ﺖﯿﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ و ﺶﻘﻧ و يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ

ﺖﻣﻼﺳ و ﯽﻧﺪﺑ ﺧﺎﻨﺷ و ﯽﺷزﻮﻣآ مﺎﻈﻧ رد ﮏﯾﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا ﺮﮑﻔﺗ تروﺮﺿ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ يﺎﻫزﺎﯿﻧ ﻪﺑ ﯽﯾﻮﮕﺨﺳﺎﭘ رد

ﺖ

ناﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﻂﻠﺴﺗ و ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ و ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ

بﺎﻨﺘﺟا و يروﺮﺿ يﺮﻣا ،ﮏﯾﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا يﺰﯾر ﺖﺳا ﺮﯾﺬﭘﺎﻧ

) ﻦﻤﻓﺎﮐ ﻦﻣﺮﻫ و ،3

2012 ( .

،هوﻼﻌﺑ ياﺮﺑ

ﯽﻧﺎﺴﮐ ﻪﮐ ﯽﻣ ﺪﻨﻫاﻮﺧ ةﺪﻨﯾآ دﻮﺧ و نﺎﺸﻄﯿﺤﻣ ار

،ﺪﻨﻫد ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﻂﻠﺴﺗ

ﺮﺑ شﻮﻫ ﮏﯾﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا رﺎﯿﺴﺑ

ﻢﻬﻣ

،ﮏﯾﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا شﻮﻫ .ﺖﺳا ﮥﻄﻘﻧ

ﻦﯾزﺎﻏآ

دﺎﺠﯾا ﻢﺸﭼ زاﺪﻧا .ﺖﺳا ناﺮﯾﺪﻣ و ناﺰﯾر ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺎﺑ

ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ترﺎﻬﻣ شﻮﻫ ﮏﯾﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا

،نﺎﻨﮐرﺎﮐ ﯽﻣ

ﻢﺸﭼ ﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺗ زاﺪﻧا

ةﺪﻨﯾآ ﺳ نﺎﻣزﺎ ار ﻢﯿﺳﺮﺗ

ﺪﻨﻨﮐ و رد ﺖﻬﺟ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ يﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا ،نآ ﯽﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣ

ار رد ﺶﯿﭘ ﺪﻧﺮﯿﮕﺑ ) ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﯽﺤﺘﻓﺪﯾﺮﻓ 1397

(.

يﺪﻨﻤﺷﻮﻫ زا ﮏﯾﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا

ﻪﺑ ﻊﻤﺟ

،يروآ

شزادﺮﭘ و ﻪﯾﺰﺠﺗ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗو هداد يﺎﻫ ﯽﻄﯿﺤﻣ و رﺎﺸﺘﻧا ﻦﯾا تﺎﻋﻼﻃا ﻪﮐ

رد طﺎﺒﺗرا ﮏﯾﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺎﺑ

،ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻒﯾﺮﻌﺗ هﺪﺷ ﺖﺳا ) ازﻮﮐ ،4

2011 (.

ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ،ﯽﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ شﻮﻫ دﺎﻌﺑا نﺎﯿﻣ زا ﻢﺸﭼ

نﺎﻨﮐرﺎﮐ نﺎﯿﻣ رد كﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﺖﺷﻮﻧﺮﺳ سﺎﺴﺣا و ﻖﻓاﻮﺗ و دﺎﺤﺗا ،نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﮏﯾﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا زاﺪﻧا

يروآﻮﻧ ﺮﺑ ار ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﺐﯿﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺘﺷاد ﮏﯾﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا

ﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا شﻮﻫ .ﺪﻧا ﯾ

ﮏ ﺮﻓآرﺎﮐ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﯾ

نﺎﻨ ﻪﺑ راﺰﺑا ناﻮﻨﻋ ي

ﯽﻣ راﺮﻗ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳادرﻮﻣ دﺮﯿﮔ

1. Popa

2. Goldman & Scott

3. Kaufman & Herman

4. Kuosa

(7)

ﮏ 229

ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ رد ﻪﮐ ﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا يﺰﯾر

ﯾ ﮏ ﻢﯿﻤﺼﺗ ، زرا و يﺮﯿﮔ ﯾﺑﺎ

ﯽ ﯽﻣ ﮏﻤﮐ ﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا شﻮﻫ .ﺪﻨﮐ

ﯾ ﮏ هﺎﮔآ ﻪﺑ ﻤﺼﺗ يزﺎﺳ ﯿ

تﺎﻤ ﺪﻣ ﯾ ناﺮ ﻘﻓﻮﻣ ﻪﺑ ﮏﻤﮐ و ﯿ

ﺖ

ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ رد نآ يﺎﻫ ﯽﻣ ﮏﻤﮐ ﺎﻫ ﺪﻨﮐ

) ﻋ ﺪﺒ رﺎﮑﻤﻫ و1

،نا 2019 (.

ﮏ وﺪﺗ و تﺎﻋﻼﻃا ﻪﺋارا ﯾ

ﻦ يﺎﻫ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا

ﯾ ﮏ وﺪﺗ رد .ﺖﺳا ﯾ

ﻦ يﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا ﻪﺒﻨﺟ ءﺎﻘﺗرا هراﻮﻤﻫ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ فﺪﻫ ،ﺎﻫ يﺎﻫ

ﻪﻧاروآﻮﻧ و ﺪﺷر ﺎﭘﯾ راﺪ ﺖﺳا ﻒﺴﻧآ) ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و2

2018 ( ) نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و نﺎﻣرآ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ . 1395

داد نﺎﺸﻧ ( شﻮﻫ

ﮏﯾﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا و ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ

ﯽﻨﻌﻣ .دراد ﮏﯾﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا يروآﻮﻧ ﺮﺑ يراد ) نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﯽﻋراز ﺎﺘﺳار ﻦﯿﻤﻫ رد

1395 ،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ رد ﯽﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ شﻮﻫ ﻪﭼ ﺮﻫ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺎﯾرد (

يروآﻮﻧ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﯽﻣ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ نﺎﻨﮐرﺎﮐ نﺎﯿﻣ رد ﯽﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ و يدﺮﻓ يﺎﻫ

ﻢﯿﻤﺼﺗ رد ﯽﻤﻬﻣ رﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﺶﻘﻧ ﮏﯾﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا يﺪﻨﻤﺷﻮﻫ .دور يﺮﯿﮔ

ﯽﻣ ﺎﻔﯾا ﯽﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﮏﯾﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا ﺪﯾﺎﻤﻧ

؛ ﯽﻣ ﮏﯾﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا يﺪﻨﻤﺷﻮﻫ زا ﻪﭽﻧآ ﺎﻣا ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ رد يﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا ﻦﯾﻮﻧ تﺎﯿﺑدا زا ناﻮﺗ

،ﺖﻓﺎﯾرد ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ

ﯽﻤﻬﻣ ﺶﻘﻧ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﮏﻤﮐ ياﺮﺑ ﯽﺗﺎﻋﻼﻃا يﺪﻨﻤﻧاﻮﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﮔﺮﻫ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ و ﺖﺴﯿﻧ ﯽﺘﺑﺎﻗر ﯽﯾﺎﻧاﻮﺗ ًﺎﻓﺮﺻ ﺮﺑ يﺪﻨﻤﺷﻮﻫ ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ ﻪﺑ دوﺪﺤﻣ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ رد ار نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﯽﻠﻌﻓ

ﯽﻣ ﺎﻔﯾا يزوﺮﻣا يﺎﻫ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ و تﻻﺎﻘﻣ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﺎﺑ ﯽﻓﺮﻃ زا .ﺪﻨﮐ

ﺎﺑ توﺎﻔﺘﻣ مﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﮏﯾ ﻪﺑ ﮏﯾﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ يﺎﻫ

ﯽﻣ ﮏﯾﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا ﺮﮑﻔﺗ مﺎﻧ ﻪﺑ ﮏﯾﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا يﺪﻨﻤﺷﻮﻫ ﯽﻤﻧ يﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﻪﻠﺌﺴﻣ ﻦﯾا ﺮﺑ يﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا ﻦﯾﻮﻧ يﺎﻫداﺪﯾور ﺰﮐﺮﻤﺗ ﻊﻗاورد .ﻢﯿﺳر

ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ

ﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ ﮏﯾ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﻪ

ﻪﺑ و ﺪﺷﺎﺑ يﺰﯾر ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ يﺎﺟ

ﯽﻣ ﺪﯿﮐﺄﺗ ﮏﯾﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳاﺮﮑﻔﺗ ﺮﺑ يﺰﯾر ﺶﯿﭘ سﺎﺳاﺮﺑ ﻪﻧ يﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا ﺎﻫدﺮﮑﯾور ﻦﯾا رد .دﻮﺷ

ﯽﻨﯿﺑ

ﯽﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﻣ هﺪﻨﯾآ ﻖﻠﺧ ﯽﯾﺎﻧاﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻪﮑﻠﺑ هﺪﻨﯾآ ﻪﺑ .دﻮﺷ

ﻦﯾا ﺖﺻﺮﻓ كرد ﺐﯿﺗﺮﺗ ناﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺪﯾﺪﺟ يﺎﻫرﺎﮑﻫار ﻒﺸﮐ و ﺎﻫ

ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ﻞﮑﺷ يﺮﯿﮔ

ﻢﺸﭼ ﯽﻣ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ياﺮﺑ يﺪﯾﺪﺟ زاﺪﻧا شور و راﺰﺑا ﺶﻘﻧ ﺎﻫدﺮﮑﯾور ﻦﯾا رد .دﻮﺷ

ﻪﺑ نﺎﺴﻧا و ﮓﻧﺮﻤﮐ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷ ار ﯽﻠﺻا ﺶﻘﻧ ﺖﺴﯾﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا ناﻮﻨﻋ

ﯽﻣ هﺪﻬﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻟﻮﻘﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺖﯿﻤﻫا ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺎﺠﻨﯾا .دﺮﯿﮔ

ﯽﻣ ﻦﺷور نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ رد ﮏﯾﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا ﺮﮑﻔﺗ ي دﻮﺷ

ﻖﺣ) ﯽﺑﺎﮔﺮﮔ سﺎﻨﺷ يوﺮﺴﺧ و

، 1395 ( .

) نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﺪﺑﺎﻄﻋ 2019

ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺎﯾرد ( ﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا شﻮﻫ

ﯾ ﮏ ﻪﺑ ﺘﺳد رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﯿﺑﺎ

ﯽ ﻪﺑ و يروآﻮﻧ ﺮﻓآرﺎﮐ

ﯾﻨ

،ﯽ ﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﯾﺮ ﯾ ﺖ ا ﺘﺳ ﮋﺗاﺮ ﯾ ﮏ ﺮﺗﺮﺛﺆﻣ ي ﺮﺠﻨﻣ

ﯽﻣ دﻮﺷ ؛ ﯽﻣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا مﺎﺠﻧا تروﺮﺿ رد ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﻦﯾا ناﻮﺗ

دﻮﻤﻧ نﺎﯿﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ هزوﺮﻣا

ﺎﺑ ﯽﻧﺎﻬﺟ دﺎﺼﺘﻗا نﺪﺷ و

،ﺖﻌﻨﺻ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ يروآﻮﻧ و ﻪﺋارا

تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﺪﯾﺪﺟ

ﻪﺑ يرﺪﻗ ﻊﯾﺮﺳ ﻪﺘﺸﮔ ﻪﮐ

،تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ تارﺎﮑﺘﺑا و ﺎﻫدﻮﺒﻬﺑ رد يﺎﻫرازﺎﺑ ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ و شوﺮﻓ ﻪﺑ يﺮﻣا يدﺎﻋ لﺪﺒﻣ هﺪﺷ .ﺖﺳا رد

ﻦﯾا ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺎﻫ ﺎﯾ ﺪﯾﺎﺑ يروآﻮﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻧزادﺮﭙﺑ

و ﺎﯾ ﻦﯾا ﻪﮐ مﻮﮑﺤﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻨﻓ .ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻦﯾارد ﻦﯿﺑ ﺮﮑﻔﺗ ﮏﯾﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا ناﺮﯾﺪﻣ

ار ﻪﺑ يﻮﺳ يﺮﯿﮔدﺎﯾ

ﻊﯾﺮﺳ زا ﻂﯿﺤﻣ ﺐﺴﮐ رﺎﮐو و ﻪﺑ يﺮﯿﮔرﺎﮐ ﺖﯿﻗﻼﺧ

ﻖﻠﺧ ياﺮﺑ شزرا

يﺎﻫ ﺪﯾﺪﺟ ﯽﻣاﺮﻓ ﺪﻧاﻮﺧ . ﺮﮑﻔﺗ ﮏﯾﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا ﻪﺑ

ناﻮﻨﻋ ﯽﮑﯾ زا شور يﺎﻫ

،ﺮﮑﻔﺗ هﺎﮕﯾﺎﺟ هﮋﯾو يا رد يﺎﯿﻧد ﯽﻧﻮﻨﮐ دراد و زا نﻼﮐ ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻣ رد

ﺢﻄﺳ

،ﺎﻫرﻮﺸﮐ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺎﻫ و ...

ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺎﺗ ﻢﯿﻤﺼﺗ يﺮﯿﮔ ﺎﻫ و ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ يﺰﯾر يﺎﻫ

،يدﺮﻓ ﺶﻘﻧ هﺪﻤﻋ ار يا ﺎﻔﯾا ﯽﻣ ﺪﻨﮐ

،ﺎﺘﺳار ﻦﯿﻤﻫ رد . ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ و ﯽﺷزرو رﻮﻣا

يﺰﯾر لﺎﺳ ﺎﻣ رﻮﺸﮐ رد ﯽﺘﺳرﺪﻨﺗ و ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺎﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ يﺎﻫ ﺖﺳﺎﻫ

ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﯽﻣ هرادا ﯽﺘﻨﺳ و ﯽﻤﯾﺪﻗ ترﻮﺻ لﺎﺳ رد .دﻮﺷ

،تﺎﺣﻼﺻا و تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﻦﯾا ﻢﻏﺮﯿﻠﻋ ﯽﻟو ،ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ترﻮﺻ ﯽﺗﺎﺣﻼﺻا و تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﺮﯿﺧا يﺎﻫ

ﯽﻣ ﺲﺣ ﮏﯾﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا ﺮﮑﻔﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ و ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ و يروآﻮﻧ ﻪﺑ زﺎﯿﻧ ﻢﻫ زﻮﻨﻫ رد ناﺮﮕﺸﻫوﮋﭘ اﺬﻟ .دﻮﺷ

ﻪﻠﺌﺴﻣ ﻦﯾا ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ لﺎﺒﻧد ﻪﺑ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا

ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﺎﯾآ ﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ و يروآﻮﻧ ﺮﺑ ﮏﯾﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا ﺮﮑﻔﺗ ﯽﺠﻧﺎﯿﻣ ﺎﺑ ﯽ

ﮏﯾﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا شﻮﻫ يﺮﮔ رد

ناﺮﯾﺪﻣ تارادا نﺎﻧاﻮﺟ و شزرو نﺎﺳاﺮﺧ نﺎﺘﺳا

ﺑﻮﻨﺟ ﯽ ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ

؟دراد رادﺎﻨﻌﻣ

شور ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷ

زا ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا ﺮﻈﻨﻣ

فﺪﻫ ﯽﻣ ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ عﻮﻧ زا ﯽﻔﯿﺻﻮﺗ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ شور ﺮﻈﻧزا و يدﺮﺑرﺎﮐ عﻮﻧ زا .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ آ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا يرﺎﻣ ار

ﻪﯿﻠﮐ

داﺪﻌﺗ ﻪﮐ ﯽﺑﻮﻨﺟ نﺎﺳاﺮﺧ نﺎﺘﺳا نﺎﻧاﻮﺟ و شزرو تارادا نﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﮐ 287

ﯽﻣ ﻞﯿﮑﺸﺗ ،ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ ﺮﻔﻧ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻊﯾزﻮﺗ و ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ءﺎﻀﻋا داﺪﻌﺗ .ﺪﻫد

1. Abd

2. Ansoff

(8)

230

ﻣ نﺎﺘﺴﻣز ،مرﺎﻬﭼ ةرﺎﻤﺷ ،ﻢﻫدرﺎﻬﭼ ةرود ،ﯽﺷزرو ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪ 1401

هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ و نﻮﻨﮑﻣ يﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗﺎﺑ داﺪﻌﺗ نﺎﯿﻣ ﻦﯾا زا اﺬﻟ .ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا يرﺎﻤﺷﺮﺳ شور زا ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ داﺪﻌﺗ ندﻮﺑ ﻢﮐ ﻞﯿﻟﺪﺑ و ﺪﺷ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﺮﮔ

274 ﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻊﻤﺟ .ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ ﺖﻬﺟ مزﻻ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ ﺪﺟاو ﻪﻣﺎ يروآ

هداد ﺎﻫ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻊﯾزﻮﺗ ﻖﯾﺮﻃ زا ﺮﻈﻧدرﻮﻣ ي ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻦﯿﺑ رد ﻞﯾذ يﺎﻫ

:ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا يرﺎﻣآ 1 ﻦﻣﺪﻠﮔ ﮏﯾﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا ﺮﮑﻔﺗ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ (

1 ) 2005 و ﺪﻌﺑ رﺎﻬﭼ ياراد ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻦﯾا :(

40 ﺮﮑﻔﺗ ،ﯽﻣﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﺮﮑﻔﺗ :ﻞﻣﺎﺷ نآ دﺎﻌﺑا .ﺖﺳا ﻪﯾﻮﮔ

ﺖﺻﺮﻓ ،ﯽﻤﺘﺴﯿﺳ هﺪﻨﯾآ و ﻪﻧاﺪﻨﻤﺷﻮﻫ ﯽﺒﻠﻃ

ﯽﻣ يﺮﮕﻧ ) ﺶﻧارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﯽﯾﺎﻤﻌﻣ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

1392 هﺪﯿﺠﻨﺳ ار راﺰﺑا ﻦﯾا يرﻮﺻ ﯽﯾاور دﻮﺧ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ رد ،(

ار نآ خﺎﺒﻧوﺮﮐ يﺎﻔﻟآ ﺐﯾﺮﺿ ،ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺎﭘ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﺖﻬﺟ و 83

/0 ﺑ خﺎﺒﻧوﺮﮐ يﺎﻔﻟآ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺎﭘ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا رد .ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ دروآﺮ 85

/0

.ﺪﺷ دروآﺮﺑ 2 ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ( ﺪﻤﺣا و ﮓﻧو ﯽﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ يروآﻮﻧ ي

)2

2004 و ﺪﻌﺑ رﺎﻬﭼ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ،ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻦﯾا :(

16 يروآﻮﻧ :ﻞﻣﺎﺷ نآ دﺎﻌﺑا .ﺖﺳا ﻪﯾﻮﮔ

ﯽﻣ ﮏﯾﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا يروآﻮﻧ و يﺪﻨﯾآﺮﻓ يروآﻮﻧ ،يرﺎﺘﻓر يروآﻮﻧ ،لﻮﺼﺤﻣ ) نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﻪﻔﯿﻇو ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ رد .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

1397 راﺰﺑا ﻦﯾا يرﻮﺻ ﯽﯾاور ،(

ﺒﻧوﺮﮐ يﺎﻔﻟآ شور ﺎﺑ نآ ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺎﭘ و ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔراﺮﻗ ﺪﯿﺋﺎﺗ درﻮﻣ ﺪﯿﺗﺎﺳا ﻂﺳﻮﺗ زا ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ سﺎﯿﻘﻣﺮﯾز زا ماﺪﮐﺮﻫ ياﺮﺑ و ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻞﮐ ياﺮﺑ خﺎ

7/

0

،ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻦﯾا .ﺪﺷ شراﺰﮔ ﻪﺟرد ﺮﺑ

ﺞﻨﭘ يﺪﻨﺑ ترﻮﺻ تﺮﮑﯿﻟ ﻪﻧﺎﮔ

ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ يﺪﻨﺑ يﺎﻔﻟآ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺎﭘ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا رد .

خﺎﺒﻧوﺮﮐ 0,88 .ﺪﺷ دروآﺮﺑ

3 ﻞﯿﻣ ﯽﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ (

3 ) 2003 ﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻦﯾا :(

ﯽﻣ ﻪﯾﻮﮔ هد ياراد ﻪﻣ كﺮﺗ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ رد نآ ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺎﭘ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

) ﯽﻔﯾﺮﺷﺪﺒﻋ و هداز 1394

،(

خﺎﺒﻧوﺮﮐ يﺎﻔﻟآ 85

/0 ﻢﻘﻓاﻮﻣ ؛ﻪﺳ ﻒﻟﺎﺨﻣ ﻪﻧ ﻢﻘﻓاﻮﻣ ﻪﻧ ؛ود ﻢﻔﻟﺎﺨﻣ ؛ﮏﯾ ﻢﻔﻟﺎﺨﻣ ًﻼﻣﺎﮐ) تﺮﮑﯿﻟ سﺎﯿﻘﻣ سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻦﯾا .ﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑ

ﯽﻣ (ﺞﻨﭘ ﻢﻘﻓاﻮﻣ ًﻼﻣﺎﮐ ؛رﺎﻬﭼ ﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺎﭘ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا رد .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

يﺎﻔﻟآ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﻪﻣﺎ خﺎﺒﻧوﺮﮐ

81 /0 .ﺪﺷ دروآﺮﺑ

4 ﯽﺑﻮﮑﻣ ﮏﯾﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا شﻮﻫ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ (

4 ) 2007 ) ﯽﺑﻮﮑﻣ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻦﯾا :(

2007 ياراد و ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳ ( 25

ﯽﻣ لاﺆﺳ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﺞﻨﭘ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ تﻻاﺆﺳ هﺪﻨﯾآ ﯽﯾﺎﻧاﻮﺗ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ

ﻢﺸﭼ ﻦﯾوﺪﺗ ،ﯽﻤﺘﺴﯿﺳ ﺮﮑﻔﺗ ،يﺮﮕﻧ و شﺰﯿﮕﻧا ،زاﺪﻧا

ﺖﮐرﺎﺸﻣ ﯽﻣ

تﻻاﺆﺳ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

ﺞﻨﭘ تﺮﮑﯿﻟ ﻒﯿﻃ سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻪﺟرد

) يا هﺮﻤﻧ ﻖﻓاﻮﻣ ًﻼﻣﺎﮐ ﺞﻨﭘ

هﺮﻤﻧ ﻖﻓاﻮﻣ ، رﺎﻬﭼ

هﺮﻤﻧ ﻖﻓاﻮﻣ ًﺎﺘﺒﺴﻧ ، ﻪﺳ

هﺮﻤﻧ ﻒﻟﺎﺨﻣ و ود

ًﻼﻣﺎﮐ ،

هﺮﻤﻧ ﻒﻟﺎﺨﻣ هﺮﻤﻧ (ﮏﯾ

ﯽﻣ يراﺬﮔ ) نﺎﯿﻌﻓﺎﺷ و رﻮﯿﺟﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ رد نآ ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺎﭘ .دﻮﺷ

1394 خﺎﺒﻧوﺮﮐ يﺎﻔﻟآ ،(

85 /0 .ﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا رد

خﺎﺒﻧوﺮﮐ يﺎﻔﻟآ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺎﭘ 90

/0 ﻪﯾﺰﺠﺗ ﺖﻬﺟ .ﺪﺷ دروآﺮﺑ هداد ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗو

ﺺﺧﺎﺷ زا ﯽﻔﯿﺻﻮﺗ ﺶﺨﺑ رد ﺎﻫ ،ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ ﺮﯿﻈﻧ ﯽﯾﺎﻫ

لﺪﻣ و نﻮﺳﺮﯿﭘ ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﺐﯾﺮﺿ زا ﯽﻃﺎﺒﻨﺘﺳا ﺶﺨﺑ رد .ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﻫﺪﺻرد و دراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا فاﺮﺤﻧا مﺮﻧ ﺎﺑ يرﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ تﻻدﺎﻌﻣ يزﺎﺳ

راﺰﻓا ﻟﯿ لرﺰ

8/

8 .ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا

ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ يﺎﻫ

ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ عﻮﻤﺠﻣ زا داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ يﺎﻫ 287

ﻊﯾزﻮﺗ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ هﺪﺷ

274 كﻼﻣ ﺪﺟاو ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻪﯾﺰﺠﺗ ﺖﻬﺟ مزﻻ يﺎﻫ

هداد ﺺﯿﺨﺸﺗ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗو

ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻪﯿﻘﺑ .ﺪﺷ داﺪﻌﺗ ﻦﯾا زا .ﺪﺸﻧ هداد تدﻮﻋ دﻮﺑ هﺪﺷﺮﭘ ﺺﻗﺎﻧ ﺎﯾ ﺎﻫ

170 ) ﺮﻔﻧ 00 / 62 و نز (ﺪﺻرد 104

ﺮﻔﻧ ) 00 / 38 .ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ دﺮﻣ (ﺪﺻرد

ﯽﻧدﻮﻣزآ ﯽﻨﺳ ﻪﻨﻣاد ﻦﯿﺑ ﺎﻫ

20 ﺎﺗ 60 فوﺮﮔﻮﻤﻠﮐ نﻮﻣزآ زا ﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ندﻮﺑ لﺎﻣﺮﻧ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ياﺮﺑ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ .دﻮﺑ لﺎﺳ -

فﻮﻧﺮﯿﻤﺳا .ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا32

1. Goldman Strategic Thinking Questionnaire

2. Wang and Ahmed Organizational Innovation Questionnaire

3. Mill Organizational Change Questionnaire

4. Maccoby Strategic Intelligence Questionnaire

(9)

ﮏ 231

ﻪﮐﺎﺠﻧآزا يﺎﻨﺒﻣ ﻪﯾﺰﺠﺗ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗو لﺪﻣ يﺎﻫ

،ﯽّﻠﻋ ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ

،ﺖﺳا ﻦﯾازا ور ﺲﯾﺮﺗﺎﻣ ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ رد ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ يﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ

لوﺪﺟ ) ﮏﯾ ( ارا ﻪﺋ ﺪﺷ .

ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ يﺎﻫ

ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ زا 80 /0 ﻦﯿﺑ يﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ نوﺮﺑ

از نﺎﺸﻧ هﺪﻨﻫد ﻢﻫ ﯽﻄﺧ ندﻮﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﮔﺪﻨﭼ ﺖﺳا . ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ زا ﺐﯾاﺮﺿ ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﻦﯿﺑ

يﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣدرﻮﻣ

رد لوﺪﺟ ﮏﯾ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﯿﺑ ﺪﯿﯾﺄﺗ ﮥﺿوﺮﻔﻣ رﻮﮐﺬﻣ ﺖﺳا ) 18 ( ﯽﻣ لوﺪﺟ تﺎﻋﻼﻃا سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ . ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺖﻔﮔ ناﻮﺗ

ﻦﯿﺑ هﺪﺷ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﯽﻨﻌﻣ و ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﻦﯾا ،ﺪﺷ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ لﻮﺼﺤﻣ رد يروآﻮﻧ و يرﺎﺘﻓر يروآﻮﻧ ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ

) ﺪﺷ شراﺰﮔ راد 01

/0

<

ﻪﺑ .(p

هوﻼﻋ

ﯽﻨﻌﻣ ﺮﯿﻏ ﺎﻣا ،ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺰﯿﻧ ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﻦﯾا .ﺪﺷ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﯽﻤﺘﺴﯿﺳ ﺮﮑﻔﺗ و ﮏﯾﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا يروآﻮﻧ ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﻦﯿﺑ هﺪﺷ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻤﮐ راد

) ﺖﺳا 05 /0

>

.( p لوﺪﺟ

1 ﺺﺧﺎﺷ . يﺎﻫ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ يﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﯽﻔﯿﺻﻮﺗ

لوﺪﺟ 2 . ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ يﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﺲﯾﺮﺗﺎﻣ

ﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ

دراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا فاﺮﺤﻧا

ﮏﯾﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا ﺮﮑﻔﺗ ﯽﻣﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﺮﮑﻔﺗ

46 / 33 23

/ 6

ﯽﻤﺘﺴﯿﺳ ﺮﮑﻔﺗ 23

/ 30 72

/ 5

ﯽﺒﻠﻃ ﺪﻨﻤﺷﻮﻫ 89

/ 21 27

/ 4

هﺪﻨﯾآ يﺮﮕﻧ 37

/ 19 07

/ 6

ﮏﯾﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا شﻮﻫ ﯽﺸﯾﺪﻧارود

95 / 19 13

/ 3

ﯽﻤﺘﺴﯿﺳ شﺮﮕﻧ 11

/ 19 41

/ 3

ﻢﺸﭼ ﻦﯾوﺪﺗ زاﺪﻧا 05

/ 18 86

/ 3

شﺰﯿﮕﻧا 86

/ 22 23

/ 4

ﺖﮐرﺎﺸﻣ 22

/ 19 81

/ 4

ﯽﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ يروآﻮﻧ لﻮﺼﺤﻣ رد يروآﻮﻧ

27 / 19 28

/ 5

يرﺎﺘﻓر يروآﻮﻧ 92

/ 12 86

/ 3

يﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ يروآﻮﻧ 72

/ 13 51

/ 3

ﮏﯾﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا يروآﻮﻧ 67

/ 6 17

/ 2

ﻐﺗ ﯿﯿ ﺮ ﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ شزرا ﯽ

01 / 19 08

/ 4

ﺪﻬﻌﺗ 74

/ 17 37

/ 4

ﺪﻬﻌﺗ شزرا روآﻮﻧي ﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳاﯾﮏ روآﻮﻧي اﺮﻓﯾﺪﻨي روآﻮﻧي رﺎﺘﻓري روآﻮﻧي لﻮﺼﺤﻣ رد ﺖﮐرﺎﺸﻣ ﮕﻧاﯿشﺰ وﺪﺗﯾﻦ ﻢﺸﭼزاﺪﻧا ﺳ شﺮﮕﻧﯿﻤﺘﺴﯽ ﺪﻧارودﯾﺸﯽ هﺪﻨﯾآيﺮﮕﻧ ﺒﻠﻃ ﺪﻨﻤﺷﻮﻫﯽ ﺳ ﺮﮑﻔﺗﯿﻤﺘﺴﯽ ﯽﻣﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﺮﮑﻔﺗ ﻒﯾدر

1 ﯽﻣﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﺮﮑﻔﺗ

1 0/53^** ﯽﻤﺘﺴﯿﺳ ﺮﮑﻔﺗ 1 0/38^** 0/31^** ﯽﺒﻠﻃ ﺪﻨﻤﺷﻮﻫ 1 0/24^** 0/41^** 0/37^** ^يﺮﮕﻧ^{هﺪﻨﯾآ} 1 0/31^** 0/22^** 0/23^** 0/31^** ^{ﯽﺸﯾﺪﻧارود}