Federation of Iran

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Federation of Iran

Hedayat Mambeini¹ , Shahram Alam²^ , Zahra Hejbarnia³ , Mehdi Rasouli⁴

1. Department of Sport Management, Shuoshtar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shuoshtar, Iran. E-mail: [email protected] 2. Corresponding Author, Department of Sport Management, Rey City Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran .

E-mail: [email protected]

3. Department of Sport Management, Shuoshtar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shuoshtar, Iran. E-mail: z.hojabrnia@iau- shoushtar.ac.ir

4. Department of Sport Management, Institute of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Ministry of Science, Research and Technology. E-mail:[email protected]

Article Info ABSTRACT

Article type:

Research Article

Article history:

Received:

5 December 2020 Received in revised form:

22 May 2021 Accepted:

12 June 2021 Published online:

16 September 2022

Keywords:

communication development, digital marketing,

the football industry

Introduction: The purpose of this research was to identify effective solutions for the implementation of digital marketing in the Iranian Football Federation.

Methods: This research was conducted with a qualitative method, which was applied in terms of purpose and exploratory in nature. The sampling was theoretical.

The interviewees included managers and executive experts at the highest levels of Persian Gulf Premier League football clubs, league organizations, football federations, and football unions, information technology specialists, and especially digital marketing experts and university professors. Sampling was performed purposefully and with 18 interviews, theoretical saturation was performed. In total, 104 concepts were obtained, which were classified into 13 categories and 6 main categories. These concepts included research and education, oversight, resources, targeting and legislation, communications, and executive solutions.

Results: In total, 104 concepts were obtained, which were classified into 13 categories and 6 main categories. These concepts included research and education, oversight, resources, targeting and legislation, communications, and executive solutions.

Conclusion: According to the research results, success in digital marketing in the federation requires having a specialized and experienced team, adopting marketing strategies, as well as the existence of marketing infrastructure and systems. In addition, federation managers can help the growth and development of digital marketing by accurately targeting and managing, hiring a skilled workforce.

Cite this article: Mambeini, H., Alam, SH., Hejbarnia, Z., & Rasouli, M. (2022). Identifying Solutions for the Development of Digital Marketing in the Football Federation of Iran. Sport Management Journal, 14 (2), 311-327.

DOI: http//doi.org/10.22059/JSM.2021.308100.2552

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ExtendedAbstrac

Introduction

Due to the increasing progress of online marketing in football, it is necessary for the Iranian Football Federation to effectively exploit the marketing opportunities provided by digital media to compensate for income and establish effective communication with customers. However, one of the main obstacles to digital business is the manager’s lack of experience in doing digital business, especially, the lack of simultaneous experience in online marketing and domestic and international business technology. Proper use of digital marketing to effective communication with customers can solve these problems. In this regard, this research aims to help create more knowledge for the Iranian Football Federation to develop the digital marketing.

Methods

The current research method is qualitative and exploratory research type. The statistical sample of the research included managers and executive specialists at the highest levels of football clubs of the Premier League of the Persian Gulf, league organization, football federation, and football union, information technology specialists, and especially for digital marketing experts and university professors. Sampling was done purposefully, with 18 interviews, and theoretical saturation was done. The research tool was a semi-structured interview with experts. The interviews were conducted during a 5-month process, and the duration of the interviews were between 30 and 40 minutes.

Results

The descriptive report of the interviewees showed that most of the interviewees were men (11 people). Also, 6 people (33/3) of them were between 11 and 15 years of experience in sports marketing. After analyzing the data, 104 main concepts were identified, which were finally divided into 6 research and educational categories (including the sub-categories of research, specialized education, and cultural education), supervisory (including the sub-category of control and supervision), resources (including the sub-categories of structural and software, financial and human), goal setting and legislation (including planning and legal sub- categories), communication (main media-advertising categories and interactions with customers) and executive measures (including digital marketing operational strategies sub-categories).

Conclusion

Digital marketing is a part of business in today's era and means using digital technologies to achieve goals. In addition to advanced countries, developing countries are also plaing and trying to create the necessary infrastructure and platforms for e-commerce. In this regard, the available evidences talk about the use and expansion of digital marketing in countries, and it seems that there is no escape other than accepting this importance. Scattered efforts have also been made in Iran, but these efforts have not been effective so far, because on the one hand, they do not have the necessary coherence and integrity, and on the other hand, they lack the appropriate speed. Also, due to the influence of the Internet on business and the formation of the foundations of the digital economy, to achieve the goals of modern marketing in financial transactions, digital marketing is considered a key factor in the competitiveness of international markets. Increasing the speed of calculation, fast processing of information, the possibility of searching and increasing accuracy, removing unnecessary intermediaries, and doing things electronically, overshadows the exchange process, reduces the time of exchanges, and increases productivity. To have a significant share of the market and create trust, satisfaction, and loyalty from customers, the Iranian Football Federation needs a well- knowledge and experienced team.

In addition to having an experienced team, successful performance requires marketing strategies as well as infrastructure and marketing systems. A system that can manage the federation by planning and monitoring the correct implementation of programs, training marketing techniques, offering services and products, and guiding the organization towards predetermined goals.

Managers of this department can contribute to the growth and development of digital marketing with accurate targeting and correct management, proper employment of labor, and motivation, as well as choosing the right ways to communicate with customers. It is also suggested to the managers of the football federation to strengthen their relationship with the physical education research institute and the faculties of physical education and sports sciences in terms of supporting university research (doctoral theses and master's theses) and research projects, from possible opportunities and challenges in the future. Accurately assess the needs of the customers and provide a product or service that fits their needs and demands. In addition, the football federation is required to improve its interactions with the federation. In this regard, it is

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type of interaction between the managers of the marketing department and customers, and the frequency of communication between experts and customers should be specified. This can have a positive effect on customer loyalty. Therefore, in today's competitive markets, it is very important to pay more attention to digital marketing channels that lead to increased customer loyalty.

Ethical Considerations Compliance with ethical guidelines:

Funding: The research was done without using financial resources

Authors’ contribution: The authors have contributed equally Conflict of interest: The authors have no conflicts of interest

Acknowledgments: All the managers and experts of the football federation, the members of the academic faculty of sports management, information technology specialists and especially digital marketing experts who cooperated with us in this research are thanked and appreciated.

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ناﺮﯾا لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ نﻮﯿﺳارﺪﻓ رد لﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد ﯽﺑﺎﯾرازﺎﺑ ﮥﻌﺳﻮﺗ يﺎﻫرﺎﮑﻫار ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ

ﯽﻨﯿﺒﻤﻣ ﺖﯾاﺪﻫ

، 1

ﻢﻠﻋ ماﺮﻬﺷ

2

، 

ﺎﯿﻧﺮﺑﮋﻫ اﺮﻫز

، 3

ﯽﻟﻮﺳر يﺪﻬﻣ

4

1 . هوﺮﮔ ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ

،ﯽﺷزرو ﺪﺣاو

،ﺮﺘﺷﻮﺷ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد دازآ

،ﯽﻣﻼﺳا

،ﺮﺘﺷﻮﺷ ناﺮﯾا :ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺎﯾار . [email protected]

2 . ،لوﺆﺴﻣ ةﺪﻨﺴﯾﻮﻧ هوﺮﮔ

ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ

،ﯽﺷزرو ﺪﺣاو ﺮﻬﺷ

،ير هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد دازآ

،ﯽﻣﻼﺳا

،ناﺮﻬﺗ ) ناﺮﯾا ﺪﻨﺴﯾﻮﻧ ة (لﻮﺌﺴﻣ :ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺎﯾار . [email protected]

3 . ناﺮﯾا ،ﺮﺘﺷﻮﺷ ،ﯽﻣﻼﺳا دازآ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،ﺖﺷﻮﺷ ﺪﺣاو ،ﯽﺷزرو ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ هوﺮﮔ :ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺎﯾار .

shoushtar.ac.ir -

z.hojabrnia@iau

4 . هوﺮﮔ ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ

،ﯽﺷزرو هﺎﮕﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ ﯽﻧﺪﺑ و مﻮﻠﻋ ﯽﺷزرو ترازو

،مﻮﻠﻋ تﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ و يروﺎﻨﻓ . [email protected]

ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ تﺎﻋﻼﻃا هﺪﯿﮑﭼ

:ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ عﻮﻧ ﯽﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ

رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺦ رد ﯾ ﺖﻓﺎ : 15 / 09 / 1399

:يﺮﮕﻧزﺎﺑ ﺦﯾرﺎﺗ 01

/ 03 / 1400

رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺦ ﺬﭘ ﯾ شﺮ : 22 / 03 / 1400

رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺦ رﺎﺸﺘﻧا : 25 / 06 / 1401

ﺪﯿﻠﮐ هژاو :ﺎﻫ

،لﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد ﯽﺑﺎﯾرازﺎﺑ ،تﺎﻃﺎﺒﺗرا ﮥﻌﺳﻮﺗ لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ

: هدﺎﯿﭘ ﺮﺑ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ يﺎﻫرﺎﮑﻫار ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ،ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ زا فﺪﻫ ناﺮﯾا لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ نﻮﯿﺳارﺪﻓ رد لﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد ﯽﺑﺎﯾرازﺎﺑ يزﺎﺳ

.دﻮﺑ :ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ شور ظﺎﺤﻟ زا ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا ﯽﻔﯿﮐ ةﻮﯿﺷ ﺎﺑ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﯾا

ﻓﺎﺸﺘﮐا ﺖﯿﻫﺎﻣ ﺎﺑ و يدﺮﺑرﺎﮐ فﺪﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ .دﻮﺑ ﯽ

ﮔﯿ ﺮ ي

زا عﻮﻧ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﮔﯿ ﺮ ي يﺮﻈﻧ دﻮﺑ ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ . هﺪﻧﻮﺷ هﺎﮕﺷﺎﺑ ﯽﻟﺎﻋ حﻮﻄﺳ رد ﯽﯾاﺮﺟا نﺎﺼﺼﺨﺘﻣ و ناﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﺎﻫ لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ يﺎﻫ

ﺮﺗﺮﺑ ﮓﯿﻟ ﯿﻠﺧ

ﺞ سرﺎﻓ يروﺎﻨﻓ نﺎﺼﺼﺨﺘﻣ ،لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ ﮥﯾدﺎﺤﺗا و لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ نﻮﯿﺳارﺪﻓ ،ﮓﯿﻟ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ، ﻪﺑ و تﺎﻋﻼﻃا

هﮋﯾو

ﺐﺣﺎﺻ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ .ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ ﯽﻫﺎﮕﺸﻧاد نادﺎﺘﺳا و لﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد ﯽﺑﺎﯾرازﺎﺑ ناﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ يﺮﯿﮔ

ﺎﺑ و ﺖﻓﺮﮔ مﺎﺠﻧا ﺪﻨﻤﻓﺪﻫ ترﻮﺻ 18

،ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ

ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ترﻮﺻ يﺮﻈﻧ عﺎﺒﺷا .

ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ :ﺎﻫ ،عﻮﻤﺠﻣ رد 104

ﻪﺑ مﻮﻬﻔﻣ رد ﻪﮐ ﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳد 13

و ﻪﻟﻮﻘﻣ 6 ﻪﺘﺳد ﯽﻠﺻا ﮥﻟﻮﻘﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻢﯿﻫﺎﻔﻣ ﻦﯾا .ﺪﻧﺪﺷ يﺪﻨﺑ

رﺎﻈﻧ ،ﯽﺷزﻮﻣآ و ﯽﺗﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ فﺪﻫ ،ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ،ﯽﺗ

دﻮﺑ ﯽﯾاﺮﺟا يﺎﻫرﺎﮑﻫار و تﺎﻃﺎﺒﺗرا ،يراﺬﮕﻧﻮﻧﺎﻗ و يراﺬﮔ .

ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ :يﺮﯿﮔ رد لﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد ﯽﺑﺎﯾرازﺎﺑ رد ﺖﯿﻘﻓﻮﻣ ،ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺳارﺪﻓ

ﯿ نﻮ د مﺰﻠﺘﺴﻣ و ﺺﺼﺨﺘﻣ ﻢﯿﺗ ﻦﺘﺷا

دﺮﺒﻫار ذﺎﺨﺗا ،بﺮﺠﻣ ﺎﻫ

دﻮﺟو ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ و ﯽﺑﺎﯾرازﺎﺑ ي زﯾ

ﺖﺧﺎﺳﺮ ﺎﻫ و ﺳ ﯿ ﻢﺘﺴ ﺎﻫ ﯽﺑﺎﯾرازﺎﺑ ي ﻧ

ﺰﯿ ﺖﺳا نوﺰﻓا . ناﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﻦﯾا ﺮﺑ

ﺳارﺪﻓ ﯿ نﻮ ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ فﺪﻫ راﺬﮔ ﺷر ﻪﺑ هﺮﺒﺧ رﺎﮐ يوﺮﯿﻧ ماﺪﺨﺘﺳا ،ﺢﯿﺤﺻ ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ و ﻖﯿﻗد ي لﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد ﯽﺑﺎﯾرازﺎﺑ ﮥﻌﺳﻮﺗ و ﺪ

ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﮏﻤﮐ .

:دﺎﻨﺘﺳا ﯽﻨﯿﺒﻤﻣ ، ﺖﯾاﺪﻫ

؛ ﻢﻠﻋ ، ماﺮﻬﺷ ؛ اﺮﻫز ،ﺎﯿﻧﺮﺑﮋﻫ و

ﯽﻟﻮﺳر ، يﺪﻬﻣ ) 1401 .(

ﯽﺑﺎﯾرازﺎﺑ ﮥﻌﺳﻮﺗ يﺎﻫرﺎﮑﻫار ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻓ رد لﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد

ناﺮﯾا لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ نﻮﯿﺳارﺪ .

ﻪﯾﺮﺸﻧ ﯽﺷزرو ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ،

)2 ( 14

، 311-327 .

2021.308100.2552

JSM.

/ 10.22059 DOI: http//doi.org/

ﺎﻧ :ﺮﺷ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،ناﺮﻬﺗ هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد ﯽﺷزرو مﻮﻠﻋ ﯽﺘﺳرﺪﻨﺗ و

.

.نﺎﮔﺪﻨﺴﯾﻮﻧ©

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ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﺘﺷر هزوﺮﻣا ﮥ

دوﺪﺤﻣ زا لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ ة

ﻣز ﯿ ﻦ ﻪﺒﻨﺟ و ﺎﻫ ي فﺮﺻ ﯾ ﮏ زﺎﺑ ي ﺷزرو ﯽ ﻪﺘﻓر ﺮﺗاﺮﻓ ﻪﻤﻫ ﮥﻌﺳﻮﺗ و ﺖﻓﺮﺸﯿﭘ و

ﻪﺒﻧﺎﺟ ا ﻦﯾا .ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﺷاد ي

بﻮﺒﺤﻣ و ﻦﯾﺮﺗراﺪﻓﺮﻃﺮﭘ ﯽﺷزرو ﮥﺘﺷر ﺢﻄﺳ رد شزرو ﻦﯾﺮﺗ

ﺑﯿ ﻦ ﻠﻠﻤﻟا ﻢﻬﺳ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﯽ هﺪﻤﻋ

ا و ﺖﻌﻨﺻ ﻞﮐ زا ي رﺎﺠﺗ

ﻪﺑ ار نآ رد شزرو ت

) ﺖﺳا هداد صﺎﺼﺘﺧا دﻮﺧ ﺮﭘ

ﯾﻮ ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و1

2006 ،(

ﻪﺑ رﻮﻃ ي ﻪﮐ ترﻮﺻ رد ﺎﻣﺮﺳ

ﯾﻪ راﺬﮔ ي رد ﻪﯾﺎﭘ لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ ،

ﺖﺧﺎﺳ دﺎﺘﺳا ﯾ مﻮ ،تﺎﻧﺎﮑﻣا و شروﺮﭘ

ﺪﻣ ﯾ ناﺮ ،ﺮﻫﺎﻣ ﮥﻌﺳﻮﺗ رﺎﺠﺗ مﺎﻧ و ي رازﺎﺑ ﯾﺑﺎ ﯽ ﺪﻣآرد ، ياﺮﺑ يﺮﯿﮕﻤﺸﭼ هﺎﮕﺷﺎﺑ

ﺎﻫ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﻣ ﯽ دﻮﺷ . راﺰﮔ ش ﺎﻫ ﮥﻨﯿﻣز رد ﻟﺎﻣ رﻮﻣا ﯽ نﺎﺸﻧ لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ

ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻫد ﺘﺷﺎﺒﻧا ﺪﻣآرد ﻪﮐ ﮥ

ﻟ ﺞﻨﭘ ﯿ ﮓ گرﺰﺑ ﺎﭘورا ﻟ)ﯿ ﮓ ﺎﻫ ي ﻠﮕﻧا ﯿ ﺲ ﻧﺎﭙﺳا ، ﯿﺎ ا ،نﺎﻤﻟآ ، ﯾ ﻟﺎﺘ ﯿﺎ اﺮﺑ (ﻪﺴﻧاﺮﻓ و ي

ﻞﺼﻓ 2013 - 2014 ﺪﺷر ﺎﺑ 15

ﺪﺻرد ي ﻪﺑ 3/

11 ﻣ ﯿﻠﯿ درﺎ ﯾ ورﻮ ﺳر ﯿﺪ ) ﺎﻔﯿﻓ ﯽﻟﺎﻣ رﻮﻣا ﮥﻧﻻﺎﺳ شراﺰﮔ ،2

2015 (.

ﻞﮐ ﺪﻣآرد ﻟﯿ

ﮓ ﻠﮕﻧا ﺮﺗﺮﺑ ﯿ ﺲ لﺎﺳ رد 1995 زا ﺮﺘﻤﮐ 551

ﻣﯿ ﻠﯿ نﻮ ﻪﮐ دﻮﺑ ورﻮﯾ رد

لﺎﺳ 1997 ﻪﺑ 744 ﻣ ﯿﻠﯿ نﻮ و ورﻮﯾ رد 2001 ﻪﺑ ﺑﯿ ﺶ زا 1/

1 ﻣﯿ ﻠﯿ درﺎ لﺎﺳ رد ﻢﻗر ﻦﯾا .ﺪﯿﺳر ورﻮﯾ 2015

ﻪﺑ ، 26 / 3

ﻣﯿ ﻠﯿ درﺎ ﯾ ورﻮ ﺖﻓﺎﯾ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا )

سﺎﻧﺎﮔرﺎﭘ ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و 3

2015 .(

ﺎﺑ اﯾ ﻦ ﻤﮐ تﺎﻋﻼﻃا ،لﺎﺣ ﯽ

ﺣاﺮﻃ درﻮﻣ رد ﯽ

اﺮﺟا و ي دﺮﺒﻫار رازﺎﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﯾﺑﺎ

ﯽ

اﺮﺑ ي ﯾ ﮏ ﺗﯿ ﻢ لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ .دراد دﻮﺟو اﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ

ﯾ ﻦ ﻧﯿ زﺎ ﺖﺳا هﺎﮕﺷﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ ي ﺖﺻﺮﻓ زا لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ ﺎﻫ

ي رازﺎﺑ ﯾﺑﺎ ﯽ ﻧﺎﺳر ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﮐ ﮥ

ﺪﺟ ﯾﺪ ﻣ ﻪﺋارا ﯽ دﻮﺷ ﻪﺑ ، رﻮﻈﻨﻣ

راﺮﻗﺮﺑ و ﺪﻣآرد ناﺮﺒﺟ ي

ﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ طﺎﺒﺗرا ﯾ

نﺎ ﻪﺑ ، ﺮﺛﺆﻣ رﻮﻃ ي هﺮﻬﺑ رادﺮﺑ ي .ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﯽﻓﺮﻃ زا نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ناﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﺎﻫ

ي ﯽﺷزرو دﺮﺒﺸﯿﭘ ياﺮﺑ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ

ﺎﻫ

هژوﺮﭘ و ﺎﻫ ﯽﻟﺎﻣ ﺖﯾﺎﻤﺣ ﻪﺑ دﻮﺧ ي زﺎﯿﻧ

ﯿﭼﺎﻧ ﺶﺨﺑ ،ﺪﻧراد يﺰ

زا ﻦﯾا ﯿﻣﺄﺗ ﯽﺘﻟود ﻞﺤﻣ زا ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻦ

ﻣ ﯽ دﻮﺷ ﺎﻫﺪﻣآرد و يﻮﺳ زا ﺰﯿﻧ يﺮﮕﯾد ي

نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺎﻫ ي ﺑﯿ ﻦ ﻠﻠﻤﻟا ﯽﺑﺎﯾرازﺎﺑ يﺎﻫﺪﻣآرد و ﯽ ﺖﺳا لﻮﺼﺣ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ

. ﯿﻤﻀﺗ ياﺮﺑ ﻦ

آﯾ هﺪﻨ ا ي هﺎﮕﺷﺎﺑ ياﺮﺑ ﻖﻓﻮﻣ و ﻦﺷور ﺎﯾ

رو نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺷز

ﯽ ﺎﺑ ﺪﯾ

ﺖﺴﻧاد ار ﯽﯾازﺪﻣآرد نﺎﺑز

، هدﺮﺸﻓ يﺮﮕﯾد نﺎﻣز ﺮﻫ زا لﻮﭘ ياﺮﺑ ﺖﺑﺎﻗر هزوﺮﻣا اﺮﯾز هﺪﺷ ﺮﺗ

ﺖﺳا ﻤﻧ ﺮﮕﯾد و ﯽ

ناﻮﺗ ﻣا ﻪﺑ ﺪﯿ ﺮﯾزاﺮﺳ لﻮﭘ نﺪﺷ

د و ﯾ ﺮﮕ ﮏﻤﮐ ﺎﻫ ي ﺖﺴﺸﻧ ﺖﻟود .

هﺎﮕﺷﺎﺑ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ ﺪﯾ ﯾوﺪﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻦ ﺖﺳﺎﯿﺳ ﺪﻧزادﺮﭙﺑ ﯽﯾازﺪﻣآرد

؛ رد ﯽﺘﺳﺎﯿﺳ ﻣﺄﺗ يزﺎﺳﺪﻋﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﺖﻬﺟ

ﯿ ﻦ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ

.ﯽﻟﺎﻣ ﻦﯾا نﺎﺸﻧ عﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﺪﻨﻫد

ة رازﺎﺑ ﻢﻬﻣ ﺶﻘﻧ ﯽﺑﺎﯾ

ﻪﺑ شور زا ﯽﮑﯾ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﺎﻫ

ي ﺖﺳا ﯽﻟﺎﻣ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ رد ﻢﻬﻣ ،هدازﺮﯿﺼﻧ و داﮋﻧﺮﻔﺻ)

1396 .(

هﺎﮕﺷﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ ي اﺮﺑ لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ ي

ﺎﭘ ﻆﻔﺣ و طﺎﺒﺗرا ﻆﻔﺣ ﯾ

هﺎﮕ ﺮﺘﺸﻣ ي ﺎﺑ ،دﻮﺧ ﯾﺪ رد درﻮﻣ دﺮﺒﻫار ﺎﻫ ي رازﺎﺑ ﯾﺑﺎ ﯽ ﺪﺠﺗ ًﻼﻣﺎﮐ دﻮﺧ ﯾ

ﺮﻈﻧﺪ .ﺪﻨﻨﮐ زا ﯽﮑﯾ

ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ هزوﺮﻣا ﻪﮐ ﯽﺑﺎﯾرازﺎﺑ دﺎﻌﺑا ﭘﯿ

ﺖﻓﺮﺸ ﺎﻫ مواﺪﻣ ي روﺎﻨﻓ

لﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد ﯽﺑﺎﯾرازﺎﺑ ،ﺖﺳا حﺮﻄﻣ ي ﺖﺳا

. ﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﮥ رازﺎﺑ مﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﯾﺑﺎ

ﯽ د ﯾ ﺠ ﯿ لﺎﺘ

،

نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺎﻫ ار ردﺎﻗ ﻣ ﯽ دزﺎﺳ ﻫﺎﻔﻣ ﯿ ﻢ ﻠﻤﻋ ﯿﺗﺎ ﯽ ﻘﻓﻮﻣ ﺎﺑ و ﺪﻨﻫد ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ار ﯿ

ﺖ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ رد ﺎﻫ ي رازﺎﺑ ﯾﺑﺎ ﯽ د ﯾ ﺠ ﯿ لﺎﺘ ﺎﻣﺮﺳ ﯾﻪ راﺬﮔ ي رﺎﺠﺗ شزرا ﺎﺗ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ي

ﺑﯿ ﺮﺘﺸ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﯾ ﺪﺑﺎ رﺎﻣ) ﯾﻨ ﯽ ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و4

2012 .(

ا زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﯾ

ﺖﻧﺮﺘﻨ ﻪﻧﺎﺳر ، ﺎﻫ ي ﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﯽ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ، ﺎﻫ ي ﺎﺳ و هاﺮﻤﻫ ﻦﻔﻠﺗ ﯾﺮ

ﻨﻓ ﺎ رو ي ﺎﻫ ي تﺎﻃﺎﺒﺗرا

دﯾ ﺠ ﯿ لﺎﺘ ﺸﺨﺑ ﯽ زا ةﺮﻣزور ﯽﮔﺪﻧز ﻣﯿ

ﻠﯿ ﺎﻫدرﺎ نﺎﺴﻧا ﺑ .ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ياﺮ

ﻣ ،لﺎﺜﻣ ﯿ ناﺰ ﻠﻌﻓ ﯽ ا زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﯾ

ﺖﻧﺮﺘﻨ ﻣ رد ﯿ نﺎ ﺮﻣآ نﻻﺎﺴﮔرﺰﺑ ﯾ

ﺎﮑ ﯽﯾ دوﺪﺣ

87 ﺪﺻرد ﺖﺳا و ياﺮﺑ هوﺮﮔ ﺎﻫ ي ﻌﻤﺟ ﯿﺘ ﯽ ﻧﺎﻣ ﺪﻨ ﺼﺤﺗ نﻻﺎﺴﮔرﺰﺑ ﯿ

ﻞ دﺮﮐ ة ﻪﺑ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﺪﻣآرد و هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد 100

ﺪﺻرد ﯾدﺰﻧ ﮏ ﺖﺳا ) ﻘﺤﺗ ﺰﮐﺮﻣ ﯿ

تﺎﻘ

ﭘﯿ ﻮ ،5

2015 .(

رازﺎﺑ ﯾ نﺎﺑﺎ اﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﯾ ﺶ لﺎﻧﺎﮐ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﻫ

ي رازﺎﺑ ﯾﺑﺎ ﯽ د ﯾ ﺠ ﯿ لﺎﺘ ا ﻪﺑ ﯾ ﻦ ﻐﺗ ﯿﯿ ﺮ ﺳﺎﺳا ﯽ هداد ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﻘﺣ رد .ﺪﻧا

ﯿ ﺖﻘ ﭘ ، ﯿ ﺶ ﺑﯿﻨ ﯽ ﻣ ﯽ دﻮﺷ

لﺎﺳ ﺎﺗ 2017 ﺮﻘﺗ ﯾًﺎﺒ ﯾ ﮏ مﻮﺳ ﺰﻫ ﯾ ﻪﻨ ﺎﻫ ي ﻠﺒﺗ ﯿ تﺎﻐ ﻧﺎﻬﺟ ﯽ لﺎﻧﺎﮐ رد ﺎﻫ ي د ﯾ ﺠ ﯿ ﻟﺎﺘ ﯽ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ) نﺎﻔﺘﺳا ،6

2015 .(

ﺮﻘﺗ ﯾًﺎﺒ هﺎﮕﺷﺎﺑ مﺎﻤﺗ ﺎﻫ

ي لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ ﻢﻬﻣ

ﻓ رد ﺎﭘورا ﯿ ﺲ كﻮﺑ ﺪﻧراد ﯽﻟﺎﻌﻓ رﻮﻀﺣ )

زﺮﮑﯿﺑ لﺎﺷﻮﺳ ،7

2015 ( . ﻌﻤﺟ ﯿ ﺖ ﻓ ﯿ ﺲ كﻮﺑ ﺋوژ زا نﺎﺘﺴﻠﮕﻧا ﮥﯿ

2012 ﻪﺑ 1/

30 ﻣ ﯿﻠﯿ نﻮ ﺳر ﯿﺪ . ﻟﺎﺣرد ﯽ ﻪﮐ

ﺎﻤﻧ ﯾﻪ ﺎﻫ ﺎﯿﻧﺎﺘﯾﺮﺑ ي ﻪﺑ

8/

23 ﻣ ﯿﻠﯿ نﻮ اﺰﻓا ﺮﻔﻧ ﯾ ﺶ ﯾ ﻪﺘﻓﺎ ﺳا .ﺖ رﺎﻣآ لﺎﺒﻧد ﻮﺗ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﯿﯾ

ﺮﺘ هﺎﮕﺷﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ ي ﻟﯿ ﮓ ﻠﮕﻧا ﺮﺗﺮﺑ ﯿ ﺲ سرﺎﻣ رد 2013

ﺎﺑ ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ

5/

8 ﻣﯿ ﻠﯿ نﻮ لﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ ﺖﯾﺎﺳ) دﻮﺑ ﺮﻔﻧ ،8

2013 .(

نوﺰﻓا ﺮﺑ اﯾ ﻦ ﺎﺳ ﯾ ﺖ ﺎﻫ ي ﻪﮑﺒﺷ ﺎﻫ ي ﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﯽ ﺎﻫراﺰﺑا ي ﻠﮐ ﯿﺪ ي رازﺎﺑ ﯾﺑﺎ ﯽ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ

ﻣ نﺎﮑﻣا ﺎﻫﺪﻧﺮﺑ ﯽ

ﺪﻨﻫد ﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﺎﺑ ﯾ نﺎ ﮐ راﺮﻗﺮﺑ طﺎﺒﺗرا ﺪﻨﻨ

ا ﺎﺑ .ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷاد ﻞﻣﺎﻌﺗ ﺎﻬﻧآ ﺎﺑ و ﯾ

ﻦ اﺮﺑ ﺎﻬﻧآ شزرا درﻮﻣ رد ﺪﻫاﻮﺷ دﻮﺒﻤﮐ زﻮﻨﻫ ،لﺎﺣ ي

1. Preu

2. Deloitte Annual Review of Football Finance

3. Parganas

4. Maryeni

5. Pew Research Center

6. Stephen

7. Socialbakers

8. Digital-Football.com

(6)

316 ﯽﺷزرو ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ

، ةرود ﻢﻫدرﺎﻬﭼ ، رﺎﻤﺷ ة نﺎﺘﺴﺑﺎﺗ ، مود 1401

كرﺎﻣ ﺎﻫ ي دراد دﻮﺟو لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ ودﺎﭼﺎﻣ)

و 1

،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ 2020

.(

و ﻦﺗﻮﺗ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ نﻮﻣﻮﻟﻮﺳ

2 ) 2014 ( ﻪﻧﺎﺳر رد ﯽﺑﺎﯾرازﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ

ي زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ،ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا

روﺎﻨﻓ ي ﺎﻫ ي ﻪﻧﺎﺳر ﺎﻫ ي لﺎﻧﺎﮐ ،ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا مﺮﻧ و ﺎﻫ

لدﺎﺒﺗ و ﻪﺋارا ،طﺎﺒﺗرا دﺎﺠﯾا ياﺮﺑ ﺎﻫراﺰﻓا يذ ياﺮﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﯽﯾﺎﻫدﺎﻬﻨﺸﯿﭘ و ﺎﻫﺮﻈﻧ

نﺎﻌﻔﻧ

ﻣ ﯽﺑﺎﯾرازﺎﺑ فاﺪﻫا ﻖﻘﺤﺗ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ و ﺪﻧراد شزرا نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﯽ

ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﯽﮑﯾ ﻦﯾا دﻮﺟو ﺎﺑ . زا

ﻣﻮ ﻠﺻا ﻊﻧا ﯽ د ترﺎﺠﺗ ﯾ ﺠ ﯿ لﺎﺘ ،ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﯽﺑ ﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﯽﮕ ناﺮﯾﺪﻣ

نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ د ترﺎﺠﺗ مﺎﺠﻧا رد ﺎﻫ ﯾ

ﺠ ﯿ لﺎﺘ

، ﻪﺑ وﯾ هﮋ ، ﻦﺘﺷاﺪﻧ ﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﮥ رازﺎﺑ رد نﺎﻣﺰﻤﻫ ﯾﺑﺎ

ﯽ ﻼﻧآ ﯾ ﻦ روﺎﻨﻓ و ي ﻠﺧاد ترﺎﺠﺗ ﯽ

ﺑ و ﯿ ﻦ ﻠﻠﻤﻟا ﺖﺳا ﯽ . دﺎﻔﺘﺳا ة

زا ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ لﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد ﯽﺑﺎﯾرازﺎﺑ

اﺮﺑ ي راﺮﻗﺮﺑ ي ﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ طﺎﺒﺗرا ﯾ

نﺎ ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ اﯾ ﻦ .ﺪﻨﮐ فﺮﻃﺮﺑ ار تﻼﮑﺸﻣ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا

ﺳ زا ﯿ ﻢﺘﺴ ﺎﻫ ي رازﺎﺑ ﯾﺑﺎ ﯽ

ﻼﻧآ ﯾ ﻦ اﺮﺑ ي راﺮﻗﺮﺑ ي ا و طﺎﺒﺗرا ﯾ دﺎﺠ ﻤﻃا ﯿ نﺎﻨ ﻼﻧآ ترﺎﺠﺗ رد ﯾ

ﻦ ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﻤﺼﺗ ﺮﺑ ﯿ ﻢ ﮔﯿ ﺮ ي ﺮﺘﺸﻣ ي ﺛﺄﺗ ﯿﺮ دراﺬﮕﺑ ) موﺮﮐ ،3

2017 .(

يدﺪﻌﺘﻣ تﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻪﺑ

رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺛﺄﺗ

ﯿ راﺬﮔﺮ هرﺎﺷا ﺎﻬﻧآ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻣادا رد ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ مﺎﺠﻧا شزرو رد لﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد ﯽﺑﺎﯾرازﺎﺑ ﮥﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﺮﺑ

.ﺪﺷ ﺪﻫاﻮﺧ ﺎﻨﺋﺎﺑ

4 ) 2019 رد ( دﺮﺒﻫار ﯽﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻧﺎﻬﺟ

ﯽ رازﺎﺑ ﯾﺑﺎ ﯽ هﺎﮕﺷﺎﺑ ﺎﺑﯾ نﺮ ﻧﻮﻣ ﯿ ﺦ ﯾ .دﺮﮐ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا ار ﻪﺘﻓﺎ

ﺎﻫ نﺎﺸﻧ داد ﺎﺑ هﺎﮕﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﯾ

نﺮ ﻧﻮﻣ ﯿ ﺦ

ﻞﺒﻗ ﯽﺗﺪﻣ زا ﻧ ﻊﻓر ﺖﻬﺟ رد

ﯿ ﺎﻫزﺎ ي ناراﺪﻓﺮﻃ نﺎﯾﺮﺘﺸﻣ و

نﺎﻤﻟآ رد دﻮﺧ ﻨﭽﻤﻫ و

ﯿ ﻦ ﻧﺎﻬﺟ ناراﺪﻓﺮﻃ ﯽ

.ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﺷادﺮﺑ مﺎﮔ دﻮﺧ ماﺪﻗا ﻦﯾا

ﺎﻫ

ا ﻞﻣﺎﺷ اﺰﻓ ﯾ ﺶ ﺑ ،فﺪﻫ رازﺎﺑ ﯿ

ﻦ ﻠﻠﻤﻟا ﯽ ﺮﺗ ﻦﺘﺴﺑ و نﺪﺷ يﺎﻫدادراﺮﻗ

ﺎﻤﺣ و ﻢﻬﻣ ﯾ

ﺖ ﺎﻫ ي ﻟﺎﻣ ﯽ ﺖﺳا ) نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و يﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ . 1395

(

رو يﺎﻫﻻﺎﮐ ﯽﺘﻧﺮﺘﻨﯾا ﺪﯾﺮﺧ ﺮﺑ راﺬﮔﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﺶﺷ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﺑ ناﺮﯾا رد ﯽﺷز

ترﺎﺒﻋ ﺐﯿﺗﺮﺗ يﻻﺎﮐ ﯽﮔﮋﯾو ،ﺪﯾﺮﺧ ﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ ،ﺪﯾﺮﺧ ﮏﺴﯾر :زا ﺪﻧا

) نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و نﺎﯾﺮﮐاذ .يروﺎﻨﻓ و ﺪﯾﺮﺧ زا نﺎﯾﺮﺘﺸﻣ كاردا ،نﺎﯾﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﯽﮔﮋﯾو ،ﯽﺷزرو 1396

ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ شراﺰﮔ ( يﺮﯿﮔرد

ﺎﺑ

،لﻮﺼﺤﻣ شﺮﮕﻧ

ﻪﺑ تﺎﻐﯿﻠﺒﺗ ﯽﺘﻧﺮﺘﻨﯾا و ياﻮﺘﺤﻣ تﺎﻐﯿﻠﺒﺗ

ﺮﺑ ﯽﺘﻧﺮﺘﻨﯾا ﺪﺼﻗ

ﺪﯾﺮﺧ فﺮﺼﻣ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﯽﺷزرو

ﺛﺄﺗ ﯿ ﺪﻧراﺬﮔﺮ ) نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﯽﻈﻓﺎﺣ . 1396

ﻪﺑ (

ﻪﯾﺰﺠﺗ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗو ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ راﺬﮔﺮﺛا ﺎﺑ ﺶﻘﻧ ﯽﺠﻧﺎﯿﻣ يﺮﮔ شﺮﮕﻧ نﺎﯾﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﺮﺑ

ﺪﺼﻗ ﺪﯾﺮﺧ ﺖﯿﻠﺑ تﺎﻘﺑﺎﺴﻣ ﯽﮑﯿﻧوﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﮓﯿﻟ

ﺮﺗﺮﺑ لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ ناﺮﯾا

شﺮﮕﻧ ﺪﺷ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ و ﺪﻨﺘﺧادﺮﭘ ﺮﺑ

ﺪﺼﻗ ﺪﯾﺮﺧ ﻠﺑﯿ ﺖ راﺬﮔﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ ﯽﻟو ،ﺖﺳا

ﻪﺑ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﺳر شﺮﮕﻧ ﺎﺑ ﺶﻘﻧ ﻪﻄﺳاو يا ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﺮﮕﯾد يﺎﯾاﺰﻣ)

ﯽﺒﺴﻧ كرد

،هﺪﺷ كرد يرﺎﮔزﺎﺳ

،هﺪﺷ

،دﺎﻤﺘﻋا ﮏﺴﯾر كرد ﺮﺑ (ﯽﮔﺪﯿﭽﯿﭘ و هﺪﺷ ﺪﺼﻗ

ﺪﯾﺮﺧ ﺖﯿﻠﺑ يﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﺶﻘﻧ ﺎﻣزﻮﮐ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻨﻧ .دراد

نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و5

) 2014 ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧداد نﺎﺸﻧ ( هﺎﮕﺷﺎﺑ

ﺎﻫ رد ﯽﺒﺴﻧ رﻮﻀﺣ لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ ي ﻪﮑﺒﺷ

ﺎﻫ ﺲﯿﻓ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ي ﺗﻮﯾ و ﺮﺘﯿﯾﻮﺗ ،كﻮﺑ

.ﺪﻧراد بﻮﯿ .ﯽﺒﺤﻣ

ﯽﻔﺳﻮﯾ

) 1395 دﺮﮐ شراﺰﮔ دﻮﺧ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ رد ( ﻃا يروﺎﻨﻓ

ﻼ ﺛﺄﺗ ﯽﮑﯿﻧوﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﯽﺑﺎﯾرازﺎﺑ شﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﺮﺑ تﺎﻃﺎﺒﺗرا و تﺎﻋ ﯿﺮ

و دراد نﺎﯿﻣ زا ﻃا يروﺎﻨﻓ دﺎﻌﺑا ﻼ

تﺎﻋ

تﺎﻃﺎﺒﺗرا و )

كرد يﺪﻨﻣدﻮﺳ كرد ﺖﻟﻮﻬﺳ ،هﺪﺷ

هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻪﺑ ﻞﯾﺎﻤﺗ و دﺮﺑرﺎﮐ ﻪﺑ شﺮﮕﻧ ،هﺪﺷ (يرورﺎﻨﻓ

كرد ﺖﻟﻮﻬﺳ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺛﺄﺗ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ هﺪﺷ

ﯿﺮ ار

ﺖﺷاد ﯽﮑﯿﻧوﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﯽﺑﺎﯾرازﺎﺑ ﺮﺑ .

لا ﮔ ﻮ يﺮﻫ

6 ) 2012 ( رد ﺰﯿﻧ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ا ي ناﻮﻨﻋ ﺎﺑ

» رد ﯽﮑﯿﻧوﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﯽﺑﺎﯾرازﺎﺑ ياﺮﺟا و ذﺎﺨﺗا راﺬﮔﺮﺛا يﺎﻫرﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ

ﺖﮐﺮﺷ ﺎﻫ ي يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ «

ز دﻮﺟو و ﯽﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ و ﯽﻠﻣ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻪﮐ دﺮﮐ نﺎﯿﺑ ﯾ

ﺖﺧﺎﺳﺮ ﺎﻫ ي ﻟﺎﻌﻓ ياﺮﺟا ياﺮﺑ ﯽﻓﺎﮐ ﯿ

ﺖ ﺎﻫ ي زا ﯽﮑﯿﻧوﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﯽﺑﺎﯾرازﺎﺑ

ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﺖﮐﺮﺷ رد ﯽﮑﯿﻧوﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﯽﺑﺎﯾرازﺎﺑ ياﺮﺟا و ذﺎﺨﺗا ﺮﺑ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﺎﻫ

ي يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ .ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ

يﺰﻣ نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و7

) 2015 ( ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ رد يا ناﻮﻨﻋ ﺎﺑ

» ﻪﺑ ﺮﺑ راﺬﮔﺮﺛا يﺎﻫرﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ ﮔرﺎﮐ

ﯿﺮ ي ﮏﯿﻧوﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﯽﺑﺎﯾرازﺎﺑ ﺐﺴﮐ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ

ﺎﻫرﺎﮐو ي ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ و ﮏﭼﻮﮐ «

ﯽﺘﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺎﯾرد ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ

ناﺰﯿﻣ

وﺰﺟ ناﺮﯾﺪﻣ تﻼﯿﺼﺤﺗ ﺢﻄﺳ و ترﺎﻬﻣ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ

ﺐﺴﮐ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﮏﯿﻧوﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﯽﺑﺎﯾرازﺎﺑ ذﺎﺨﺗا ﺮﺑ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﺎﻫرﺎﮐو

ي ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ و ﮏﭼﻮﮐ .ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ

هزوﺮﻣا ﺖﻧﺮﺘﻨﯾا ﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺮ ﺖﺤﺗ ار ﺮﺸﺑ يﺎﻫ ﻦﯾا و هداد راﺮﻗ عﺎﻌﺸﻟا

ﺪﻧور رد هراﻮﻤﻫ لﺎﺣ

ﺴﮔ و ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﺖﺳا شﺮﺘ

ور ﻦﯿﻤﻫ زا ، هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا

ﺖﻧﺮﺘﻨﯾا زا ا ﺰﯿﻧ شزرو ﺖﻌﻨﺻ رد

يدﺎﯾز ﺖﯿﻤﻫ ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و دﺎﻫﺮﻓرﻮﭘ) ﺖﺳا هدﺮﮐ اﺪﯿﭘ

1396 .(

ﺑ لﺎﺜﻣ ياﺮ ﻣ

ﯽ ناﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ هﺎﮕﺷوﺮﻓ ﺎﻫ ﻦﯾﻼﻧآ ي

،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﯽﻟﻮﺳر) ﺖﺳا يراداﻮﻫ يﺎﻫﻻﺎﮐ و تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ شوﺮﻓ ﻦﯾﻮﻧ يﺎﻫرﺎﮑﻫار زا ﻪﮐ دﺮﮐ هرﺎﺷا 1395

ﮥﺋارا ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ .(

ﻠﺑﯿ ﺖ ﻪﺑ ترﻮﺻ

رﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﻦﯾﻼﻧآ نﺎﺳآ

ﻪﺑ نﺎﯾﺮﺘﺸﻣ ياﺮﺑ نﺎﮑﻣا ﻦﯾا و دراد نﺎﯾﺮﺘﺸﻣ ياﺮﺑ ﯽﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﯾاﺰﻣ و ﺖﺳا دﻮﺟو

ﻣ ﯽ آﯾ ﺪ ﮥﻤﻫ ﮥﺸﻘﻧ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﺎﺑ ﺎﺗ ﻟﺪﻨﺻ

ﯽ ﺎﻫ ي

نوﺰﻓا .ﺪﻨﻨﮐ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ار ﻪﻨﯾﺰﮔ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻬﺑ دﻮﺧ ﯽﻟﺎﻣ ﯽﯾﺎﻧاﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ و دﻮﺟﻮﻣ شوﺮﻓ ﻦﯾا ﺮﺑ

ﻠﺑﯿ ﺖ بو ﻖﯾﺮﻃ زا ﺖﯾﺎﺳ

ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﯽﻧﻮﻧﺎﻗﺮﯿﻏ شوﺮﻓ

ﻠﺑﯿ ﺖ ) ﺪﻫد ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ار تﺎﻘﺑﺎﺴﻣ ﺖﯿﻨﻣا و ﺪﻨﮐ دوﺪﺤﻣ ار هﺎﯿﺳ رازﺎﺑ و ﻮﻧﺎﺘﻧآ

نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و8

، 2004 ا .(

ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ،ﺪﯾﺪﺟ ﺮﺼﻋ رد ﯽﺑﺎﯾرازﺎﺑ ﺖﯿﻤﻫ

1. Machado

2. Tuten & Solomon

3. Krom

4. Baena

5. Kuzma

6. El-Gohary

7. Mzee

8. Antano

(7)

ﺪﺷر ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ رد و ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ﻓﺎﯾ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ،رازﺎﺑ رد ﺖﺑﺎﻗر

ﺘ .ﺖﺳا ﻪ ﯽﺑ ﯽﮔﺪﻧز ﮏﺷ نوﺪﺑ

،ﯽﺑﺎﯾرازﺎﺑ تﺎﻐﯿﻠﺒﺗ رﻮﻀﺣ ﺐﺒﺳ

زا ﺖﯿﻣوﺮﺤﻣ يﺎﻫﺰﯿﭼ

ﺪﻨﻤﺷزرا ي ﻣ ﯽ دﻮﺷ . ﻟﻮﺗ ﯿ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﮐﺪ ناﺮﯾﺪﻣ و

ﺎﺑ ﮏﯾ دﺎﺠﯾا بو

ﺎﺳ ﯾ ﺖ و تﺎﻐﯿﻠﺒﺗ ﺘﻧﺮﺘﻨﯾا ،ﯽ ﮏﯿﻧوﺮﺘﮑﻟا ترﺎﺠﺗ ﮥﺻﺮﻋ دراو ﻣ

ﯽ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ نﺎﮑﻣا و

زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﻫرﺎﮑﻫار

ياﺮﺑ ﮏﯿﻧوﺮﺘﮑﻟا ترﺎﺠﺗ ي ﺎﻬﻧآ

ﻪﺑ دﻮﺟو ﻣ ﯽ آﯾ ﺪ هزوﺮﻣا . .ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ درﻮﻣ ﺶﯿﭘ زا ﺶﯿﺑ ﯽﺘﻧﺮﺘﻨﯾا ﯽﺑﺎﯾرازﺎﺑ

ﻪﺑ ﯽﺘﻧﺮﺘﻨﯾا ﯽﺑﺎﯾرازﺎﺑ ﮥﻟﺰﻨﻣ

ﯽﺘﻨﺳ ﯽﺑﺎﯾرازﺎﺑ ﻞﻤﮑﻣ ﺋارا ﺎﺑ

ﮥ ﺶﺳﺮﭘ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﻊﻣﺎﺟ ﯽﺗﺎﻋﻼﻃا ﺎﻫ

ي رﺎﺑرد نﺎﯾﺮﺘﺸﻣ ة

ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﺖﻣﺪﺧ ﺎﯾ لﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﮏﯾ

ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻨﻫد ﻣ ﻞﻘﺘﻨﻣ ار نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﮏﯾ مﺎﯿﭘ ، ﯽ

ﺪﻨﮐ . دﻮﺟو ﺎﺑ ﻟﺎﻌﻓ نوﺰﻓازور ﺖﯿﻤﻫا ﯿ

ﺖ ﺎﻫ ي ،ﻪﺘﻓﺮﺸﯿﭘ يﺎﻫرﻮﺸﮐ شزرو ﺖﻌﻨﺻ رد ﯽﮑﯿﻧوﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﯽﺑﺎﯾرازﺎﺑ

ﻪﺑ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﺳر ﺳارﺪﻓ ﯿ نﻮ ﺎﻫ ي ﻪﻓﺮﺣ ﯽﺷزرو ا

ي ﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻪﺑ نﺎﻣرﻮﺸﮐ ﯿ

ﺖ ﺎﻫ ي يزﺎﺠﻣ و ﯽﮑﯿﻧوﺮﺘﮑﻟا يﺎﻫﺎﻀﻓ ﻖﯾﺮﻃ زا ﯽﺑﺎﯾرازﺎﺑ

، ار مزﻻ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ

ﻧراﺪﻧ ،ﺪ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ا ي ﻦﯿﺑ زا ﻪﻧﺎﻔﺳﺄﺘﻣ ﻪﮐ 51

رﻮﺸﮐ رد دﻮﺟﻮﻣ نﻮﯿﺳارﺪﻓ زا ﺮﺘﻤﮐ

20 ﻪﻄﯿﺣ ﻦﯾا رد لﺎﻌﻓ ﯽﺼﺼﺨﺗ هوﺮﮔرﺎﮐ ﺎﯾ ﺶﺨﺑ نﻮﯿﺳارﺪﻓ

ﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺎﯾ ﺰﯿﻧ ﺎﻬﻧآ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧراد ﮥ

ﻨﯿﻣز رد ﯽﺼﺨﺸﻣ و ﺪﻨﻤﻓﺪﻫ ﮥ

ﻧ ﯽﺑﺎﯾرازﺎﺑ راﺪ

ﺪﻧ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻦﯿﻨﭼ دﻮﺟو ترﻮﺻ رد ﺎﯾ ا

ي ﻪﺑ رﺎﮐ ترﻮﺻ ا

ﻪﺑ ار نآ ﺪﻣ

ﻤﻧرد اﺮﺟا ﯽ ﺪﻧروآ ) ،هدازﺮﯿﺼﻧ و داﮋﻧﺮﻔﺻ 1396

.(

) نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و دﺎﻫﺮﻓرﻮﭘ ﻪﻨﯿﻣز ﻦﯾا رد 1396

ﻪﺑ ( ﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ ﮥ لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ نﻮﯿﺳارﺪﻓ بو ﺖﺤﺗ ﯽﺑﺎﯾرازﺎﺑ

نﻮﯿﺳارﺪﻓ بو ﺖﺤﺗ ﯽﺑﺎﯾرازﺎﺑ ﺎﺑ ناﺮﯾا ﯽﻣﻼﺳا يرﻮﻬﻤﺟ ﺎﻫرﻮﺸﮐ لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ يﺎﻫ

ي ﺐﺨﺘﻨﻣ ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ و ﺪﻨﺘﺧادﺮﭘ زا

23 ﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﮥ ،دﻮﺟﻮﻣ

بو ناﺮﯾا لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ نﻮﯿﺳارﺪﻓ ﺖﯾﺎﺳ 9

ﻦﭘاژ ، 12 نﺎﺘﺴﻠﮕﻧا ، 21

ﺎﯿﻟاﺮﺘﺳا و ﺎﮑﯾﺮﻣآ ، 17

ﻦﯿﺘﻧاژرآ و 10

ار ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ اراد ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ . ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ

نﺎﻬﺟ رد بو ﺖﺤﺗ ﯽﺑﺎﯾرازﺎﺑ نوﺰﻓازور ﺖﻓﺮﺸﯿﭘ

، بو رد ﻞﻣﺎﮐ يﺮﮕﻧزﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ ناﺮﯾا لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ نﻮﯿﺳارﺪﻓ دراد زﺎﯿﻧ دﻮﺧ ﺖﯾﺎﺳ

بﺬﺟ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻧاﻮﺘﺑ ﺎﺗ

ناراﺪﻓﺮﻃ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﻪﭼﺮﻫ

، ﻪﯾﺎﻣﺮﺳ دزادﺮﭙﺑ ناﺮﯾا ﯽﻣﻼﺳا يرﻮﻬﻤﺟ لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ ﻖﻧور ياﺮﺑ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﯽﻟﺎﻣ نﺎﯿﻣﺎﺣ و ناراﺬﮔ .

و نﻻﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺎﺠﻧآ زا

ﻟﻮﻘﻣ ﻪﺑ رﻮﺸﮐ شزرو ناﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﮥ

ﻪﺑ ﯽﮑﯿﻧوﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﯽﺑﺎﯾرازﺎﺑ ﺑ ﺪﻣآرد ﻪﺑ ﯽﺑﺎﯿﺘﺳد رﻮﻈﻨﻣ

ﺸﯿ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ طﺎﺒﺗرا دﺎﺠﯾا و ﺮﺘ ،ﺪﻧراﺪﻧ ﯽﻓﺎﮐ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ نﺎﯾﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺮﺗ

ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﯽﯾﺎﻬﻧ فﺪﻫ ﮐ

ﮏﻤ ﻪﺑ ﻖﻠﺧ ﺶﻧاد ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ياﺮﺑ نﻮﯿﺳارﺪﻓ لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ

ناﺮﯾا ﻪﺑ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﮥﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﯽﺑﺎﯾرازﺎﺑ نﻮﯿﺳارﺪﻓ ﻦﯾا ﯽﮑﯿﻧوﺮﺘﮑﻟا

ﯽﻠﻣ ﺖﺳا ﻦﯾازا ، ور ﺎﺗ ﺪﺷ نآ ﺮﺑ ﻖﻘﺤﻣ ﺎﻫرﺎﮑﻫار

ﻪﺑ ﯽﯾ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ تﺎﯿﺑدا روﺮﻣ .ﺪﻫد ﻪﺋارا لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ نﻮﯿﺳارﺪﻓ رد لﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد ﯽﺑﺎﯾرازﺎﺑ ﮥﻌﺳﻮﺗ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ

دﻮﺟو ﺮﺑ ﯽﻫاﻮﮔ ﻸﺧ

ﺷﺬﮔ تﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ رد ،ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘ

ﻪﺑ رﻮﻃ ي ﻪﮐ ﻦﯾازا ،ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮕﻧ مﺎﺠﻧا ﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣ ﯽﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﭻﯿﻫ نﻮﻨﮐﺎﺗ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﻦﯾا ور

درﻮﻣ ﺄﺗ ﯿﯾ ﺪﻨﻨﮐﺪ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ يﺮﻈﻧ ﺖﯿﻤﻫا ة ﺖﺳا

ﯽﯾﺎﻬﻧ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﮐاﺮﭼ ، ﻣ

ﯽ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﮏﻤﮐ ﺎﻫ ظﺎﺤﻟ زا .ﺪﻨﮐ هزﻮﺣ ﻦﯾا يﺮﻈﻧ ﯽﻧﺎﺒﻣ ﻞﯿﻤﮑﺗ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻧﺎﯾﺎﺷ ي

ﺰﯿﻧ يدﺮﺑرﺎﮐ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ

ﺎﻫ ي ذ ي ﻂﺑر ناﺮﯾا ﯽﻣﻼﺳا يرﻮﻬﻤﺟ لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ نﻮﯿﺳارﺪﻓ و نﺎﻧاﻮﺟ و شزرو ترازو ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻣ

ﯽ ﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺗ ﯾ زا ﻪﺘﻓﺎ ﺎﻫ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ي

ﻪﺑ دراﻮﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ .ﺪﻧﺮﯿﮔ هﺮﻬﺑ لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ نﻮﯿﺳارﺪﻓ رد ﮏﯿﻧوﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﯽﺑﺎﯾرازﺎﺑ ﮥﻌﺳﻮﺗ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ حﺮﻄﻣ

هﺪﺷ ﺶﺳﺮﭘ ﻦﯾا ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﻦﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﯽﭘ رد ﻖﻘﺤﻣ

ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﺎﻫرﺎﮑﻫار وﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﯽﺑﺎﯾرازﺎﺑ ﮥﻌﺳﻮﺗ ي ماﺪﮐ لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ نﻮﯿﺳارﺪﻓ رد ﮏﯿﻧ

؟ﺪﻧا

شور ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷ

ﻦﯾازا ،ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ترﻮﺻ لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ نﻮﯿﺳارﺪﻓ رد ﮏﯿﻧوﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﯽﺑﺎﯾرازﺎﺑ ﮥﻌﺳﻮﺗ يﺎﻫرﺎﮑﻫار ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ فﺪﻫ ﺎﺑ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا يدﺮﺑرﺎﮐ فﺪﻫ ظﺎﺤﻟ زا ور

ﺖﺳا عﻮﻧ زا و ﯽﻔﯿﮐ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ . ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ

ﺎﻫ يرﺎﻣآ ﮥﻧﻮﻤﻧ .ﺖﺳا ﯽﻓﺎﺸﺘﮐا ي ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ

رد ﯽﯾاﺮﺟا نﺎﺼﺼﺨﺘﻣ و ناﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﯽﻟﺎﻋ حﻮﻄﺳ

هﺎﮕﺷﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ ﺮﺗﺮﺑ ﮓﯿﻟ لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ ي ﻠﺧ

ﯿ ﺞ سرﺎﻓ ﻪﺑ و تﺎﻋﻼﻃا يروﺎﻨﻓ نﺎﺼﺼﺨﺘﻣ ،لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ ﮥﯾدﺎﺤﺗا و لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ نﻮﯿﺳارﺪﻓ ،ﮓﯿﻟ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ، هﮋﯾو

ﺐﺣﺎﺻ .دﻮﺑ ﯽﻫﺎﮕﺸﻧاد نادﺎﺘﺳا و لﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد ﯽﺑﺎﯾرازﺎﺑ ناﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ

يﺮﯿﮔ ﻪﺑ ترﻮﺻ ﺪﻨﻤﻓﺪﻫ ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ مﺎﺠﻧا1

18 يﺮﻈﻧ عﺎﺒﺷا ،ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ

2

.ﺖﻓﺮﯾﺬﭘ ترﻮﺻ مﺎﺠﻧا ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ رد

12 ﺎﺗ 18 يﺮﻈﻧ عﺎﺒﺷا ﻪﺑ نﺪﯿﺳر ياﺮﺑ ار ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ﻣ ﯽﻓﺎﮐ3

ﯽ ﺪﻨﻧاد ) ،يﺪﻧﺮﻫ نﺎﮔرزﺎﺑ 1397

( ﻦﯾا رد .

ﻪﻨﯿﻣز ﻟ و ﺎﺑﻮﮔ ﯿ ﻦﻠﮑﻨ

4) 1994 ﺑ ( ﯿ نﺎ دﺮﮐ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد ﺪﻧ يا

اﺪﻫ ﺖﻗد ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﯾ

ﺖ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا نآ رد و هﺪﺷ ﻠﻣﺎﮑﺗ ترﻮﺻ

ﯽ ﻌﺗ و ﺒﻗﺎ ﯽ ﺖﺳا هدﻮﺑ

،

دوﺪﺣ ﺎﺑ 12 ﺖﮐﺮﺷ ﻄﻘﻧ ﻪﺑ هﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﮥ

ﺮﻈﻧ عﺎﺒﺷا ﺪﻫاﻮﺧ ي

ﺳر ﯿﺪ ا ًﻻﺎﻤﺘﺣا و ﯾ

ﻦ ﺑ داﺪﻌﺗ ﯿ ﺮﺘﺸ زا 20 ﺪﺷ ﺪﻫاﻮﺨﻧ ﺮﻔﻧ )

ﺰﻣ ي ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و5

2015 (.

1. purposive sampling

2. Theorical saturation

3. Theoretical Saturation

4. Guba & Lincoln

5. Mzee

(8)

ﻪﻤﯿﻧ ﮥﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ راﺰﺑا ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾرﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ

يروآدﺮﮔ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻦﯾا رد .دﻮﺑ نﺎﮔﺮﺒﺧ ﺎﺑ1

هداد ﺎﻫ ةﻮﯿﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻊﻤﺟ روآ ي هداد ﺎﻫ :ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ترﻮﺻ ﯽﻔﯿﮐ ي 1

.

،داﺮﻓا بﺎﺨﺘﻧا 2

،طﺎﺒﺗرا يراﺮﻗﺮﺑ و سﺎﻤﺗ . 3

. ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﮔﯿ ﺮ ) ي ﻪﺑ ترﻮﺻ ،(ﺪﻨﻤﻓﺪﻫ 4

يروآدﺮﮔ دﺮﮑﯾور بﺎﺨﺘﻧا . هداد

ﺎﻫ و ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﮥﻨﯿﺸﯿﭘ ﮥﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ)

،(ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ﺬﺧا 5

ﺖﺒﺛ ﯽﮕﻧﻮﮕﭼ . هداد

ﺎﻫ ) ﻪﺑ ترﻮﺻ ﯾ و اﺪﺻ ﻂﺒﺿ ﺖﺷاددﺎ

رادﺮﺑ ،(ي 6 . ﻞﺣ ﻞﺼﻓو راﻮﺷد ي ﺎﻫ ، 7 ﻨﺗ ،يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ . ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ و ﻢﯿﻈ

هداد ﺎﻫ ،يدﺮﺒﺴﻨﺑ) 1393

ﺖﮐﺮﺷ ﺎﺑ .(

رد ،ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ رد ﺖﮐﺮﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻞﯾﺎﻣ ﻪﮐ ﯽﻧﺎﺴﮐ و ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ سﺎﻤﺗ ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ مﺎﺠﻧا ياﺮﺑ هﻮﻘﻟﺎﺑ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﮐ

ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ داﺮﻓا ﻦﯾا بﺎﺨﺘﻧا درﻮﻣ نﺎﮑﻣ و نﺎﻣز ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷ لﺎﺳرا داﺮﻓا ياﺮﺑ ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ يﺎﻤﻨﻫار اﺪﺘﺑا ﻪﻨﯿﻣز ﻦﯾا رد .ﺖﻓﺮﯾﺬﭘ ترﻮﺻ ﺎﻫ

ﮔﺮﺑرد ﯿ ﺪﻧﺮ ة

ﺶﺳﺮﭘ و فاﺪﻫا ،ناﻮﻨﻋ ﺎﺗ دﻮﺑ ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ﯽﻠﮐ يﺎﻫ

ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ هﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﺎﻫ ﺶﺳﺮﭘ .ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﺎﻨﺷآ ﺚﺤﺑ عﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﺎﺑ ﮥﻨﯿﺸﯿﭘ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ﮥﯿﻟوا يﺎﻫ

فاﺪﻫا و ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﺮﻈﻧدرﻮﻣ

ﻪﺋارا ﯽﺗوﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﯽﻟاﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ يﺎﻀﻋا ﻦﯿﺑ رد ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻦﯾوﺪﺗ ﺪﺷ

. ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ﺎﻫ ﺞﻨﭘ ﺪﻧور ﯽﻃ نﺎﻣز تﺪﻣ ﺎﺑ ،ﻪﻫﺎﻣ

ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ﻦﯿﺑ 30 ﺎﺗ 40 زا ﺲﭘ ﻖﻘﺤﻣ .ﺖﻓﺮﮔ مﺎﺠﻧا ﻪﻘﯿﻗد 18

ﺎﺑ ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ 18

ﻊﻗاو رد .ﺖﺳا هﺪﯿﺳر يﺮﻈﻧ عﺎﺒﺷا ﮥﻄﻘﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ دﺮﮐ سﺎﺴﺣا ﺮﻔﻧ

هداد ﻪﺑ يﺪﯾﺪﺟ ةداد ﻪﮐ دﻮﺑ ﯽﯾﺎﺟ ﻪﻄﻘﻧ ﻦﯾا هداد زا يدﺎﯾز ﺪﺻرد و ﺪﺸﻧ ﻪﻓﺎﺿا ﯽﻠﺒﻗ يﺎﻫ

ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ يﺎﻫ ﻦﯾا رد ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ،دﻮﺑ يراﺮﮑﺗ ﺮﺧآ يﺎﻫ

ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻄﻘﻧ ﻫ

ﻪﺑ ﺮﮕﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ،ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا رد .ﺪﺷ هداد نﺎﯾﺎﭘ ،دﻮﺑ ﯽﻔﯿﮐ شور ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ لوا ﺶﺨﺑ و ﺎ تﺎﻋﻼﻃا ﺖﺒﺛ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ

ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ نوﺰﻓا ،ﺎﻫ

دﺮﻓ زا هزﺎﺟا ﺐﺴﮐ ﺎﺑ ،ﺐﻟﺎﻄﻣ سﻮﺋر ﺖﺷاددﺎﯾ ﺮﺑ ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ

هﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﻂﺒﺿ ةﮋﯾو هﺎﮕﺘﺳد زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ﻂﺒﺿ ﻪﺑ

ﺬﺧا زا ﺲﭘ .دﺮﮐ ماﺪﻗا اﺪﺻ ﺣﺎﺼﻣ

ﻪﺒ ﺎﻫ

، ﺰﺠﺗ ﯾﻪ ﻠﺤﺗو ﯿ ﻞ هداد ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ وﯾ ﮔﮋ ﯽ ﺎﻫ لﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد ﯽﺑﺎﯾرازﺎﺑ ﯽﻠﺻا ﻢﯿﻫﺎﻔﻣ و مﺎﺠﻧا

ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺎﺑ .

ﺘﺳد ﯿﺑﺎ ﯽ هداد عﺎﺒﺷا ﻪﺑ ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ،ﺎﻫ

ﺷ ﻒﻗﻮﺘﻣ ﺎﻫ رد و جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا ناﺮﯾا لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ نﻮﯿﺳارﺪﻓ رد لﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد ﯽﺑﺎﯾرازﺎﺑ ﮥﻌﺳﻮﺗ يﺎﻫرﺎﮑﻫار ﺖﯾﺎﻬﻧ رد .ﺪ

لوﺪﺟ 2 زا .ﺪﺷ شراﺰﮔ دوﺪﺤﻣ

ﯾ ﺖ ﺎﻫ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ي ﻣ

ﯽ ناﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ راﻮﺷد ﻪﺑ ﯽﺳﺮﺘﺳد رد ي ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ

نﺎﮔﺪﻧﻮﺷ .دﺮﮐ هرﺎﺷا

ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ يﺎﻫ

ﺖﯿﻌﻤﺟ تﺎﻋﻼﻃا لوﺪﺟ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ نﺎﺸﻧ ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ

ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻫد ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﻪﮐ ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ

نﺎﮔﺪﻧﻮﺷ ) ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ دﺮﻣ

11 ﻫ .(ﺮﻔﻧ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤ 6 ) ﺮﻔﻧ 3/

33 ﺎﻬﻧآ زا (ﺪﺻرد

ﻦﯿﺑ 11 ﺎﺗ 15 لوﺪﺟ رد ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﺮﯾﺎﺳ .ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد ار ﯽﺷزرو ﯽﺑﺎﯾرازﺎﺑ رد ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﮥﻘﺑﺎﺳ لﺎﺳ 1

هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻣ ﯽ دﻮﺷ .

لوﺪﺟ 1 . ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ﯽﻔﯿﺻﻮﺗ شراﺰﮔ نﺎﮔﺪﻧﻮﺷ

ﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﺖﯿﻌﻤﺟ ﯽﮔﮋﯾو

ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﯽﻧاواﺮﻓ

ﯽﻧاواﺮﻓ ﺪﺻرد

ﺖﯿﺴﻨﺟ دﺮﻣ

11 11

/ 61

نز 7

89 / 38

تﻼﯿﺼﺤﺗ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﮐ

3 66

/ 16

ﺪﺷرا ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﮐ 7

89 / 38

يﺮﺘﮐد 8

45 / 44

ﯽﺷزرو ﯽﺑﺎﯾرازﺎﺑ رد ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ تﺪﻣ ﺮﯾز

5 لﺎﺳ 3

66 / 16

6 ـ 10 لﺎﺳ 5

78 / 27

11 ـ 15 لﺎﺳ 6

33 / 33

زا ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ 15 لﺎﺳ 4

23 / 22

ﯽﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺖﺴﭘ ﯽﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ـ ﯽﻤﻠﻋ

6 33

/ 33

ﯽﯾاﺮﺟا 12

67 / 66

لوﺪﺟ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ 2

نﺎﺸﻧ ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻫد ﻪﮐ زا ﺲﭘ ﺰﺠﺗ ﯾﻪ ﻠﺤﺗو ﯿ ﻞ ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ﺎﻫ 104 ﯽﻠﺻا مﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﻪﺑ

ﺖﺳد رد ﺖﯾﺎﻬﻧ رد ﻪﮐ ﺪﻣآ 13

و ﻪﻟﻮﻘﻣﺮﯾز 6

ﯽﻠﺻا ﮥﻟﻮﻘﻣ

ﻞﻣﺎﺷ) ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ،(ترﺎﻈﻧ و لﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﮥﻟﻮﻘﻣﺮﯾز ﻞﻣﺎﺷ) ﯽﺗرﺎﻈﻧ ،(ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ شزﻮﻣآ و ﯽﺼﺼﺨﺗ شزﻮﻣآ ،تﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ تﻻﻮﻘﻣﺮﯾز ﻞﻣﺎﺷ) ﯽﺷزﻮﻣآ و ﯽﺗﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ

1. Semi-structured

(9)

و يرﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ تﻻﻮﻘﻣﺮﯾز مﺮﻧ

راﺰﻓا ،(ﯽﻧﺎﺴﻧا و ﯽﻟﺎﻣ ،ي فﺪﻫ

راﺬﮔ و ي راﺬﮕﻧﻮﻧﺎﻗ ) ي ﻪﻟﻮﻘﻣ ﺎﻫ ﯽﻠﺻا ي ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ رﯾ ﺰ تﻻﻮﻘﻣﺮﯾز ﻞﻣﺎﺷ) تﺎﻃﺎﺒﺗرا ،(ﯽﻧﻮﻧﺎﻗ و ي

ﻪﻧﺎﺳر ا ي (لﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد ﯽﺑﺎﯾرازﺎﺑ ﯽﺗﺎﯿﻠﻤﻋ يﺎﻫدﺮﺒﻫار ﮥﻟﻮﻘﻣﺮﯾز ﻞﻣﺎﺷ) ﯽﯾاﺮﺟا تﺎﻣاﺪﻗا و (يﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﺎﺑ تﻼﻣﺎﻌﺗ و ﯽﺗﺎﻐﯿﻠﺒﺗ_ ﻪﺘﺳد

ﺪﻨﺑ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ي .

لوﺪﺟ 2 . ،ﯽﻠﺻا ﮥﻟﻮﻘﻣ تﻻﻮﻘﻣﺮﯾز

ﯽﻠﺻا ﻢﯿﻫﺎﻔﻣ و و

ناﺮﯾا لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ نﻮﯿﺳارﺪﻓ رد لﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد ﯽﺑﺎﯾرازﺎﺑ ﮥﻌﺳﻮﺗ يﺎﻫرﺎﮑﻫار

ﯽﻠﺻا ﮥﻟﻮﻘﻣ تﻻﻮﻘﻣﺮﯾز

ﯽﻠﺻا ﻢﯿﻫﺎﻔﻣ

ﯽﺷزﻮﻣآ و ﯽﺗﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ تﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ

ﻪﯾﺰﺠﺗ ﻮﯿﺳارﺪﻓ ﯽﻧورد ﻂﯿﺤﻣ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗو ن

ﻪﯾﺰﺠﺗ ﯽﻧوﺮﯿﺑ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗو

ﯽﺑﺎﯾرازﺎﺑ فاﺪﻫا ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ لﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد

لﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد ﯽﺑﺎﯾرازﺎﺑ يﺎﻫراﺰﺑا ﯽﻣﺎﻤﺗ ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺎﺒﻗر و فﺪﻫ رازﺎﺑ مواﺪﻣ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ و ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ

فﺪﻫ رازﺎﺑ ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺶﺨﺑ رازﺎﺑ يﺪﻨﺑ

نﻼﮐ زا يﺮﺘﺸﻣ زﺎﯿﻧ ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ هداد

ﺎﻫ

ﯽﺼﺼﺨﺗ شزﻮﻣآ يدﺮﺒﻫار ﺮﮑﻔﺗ دﺎﺠﯾا

نﺎﯾﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﻪﺑ شزﻮﻣآ نﺎﻨﮐرﺎﮐ ﻦﯿﺑ رد ﯽﻫﺎﮔآ دﺎﺠﯾا

ﺶﻧاد ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ

ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ شزﻮﻣآ ﯽﻧﻮﻧﺎﻗ و ﯽﻗﻼﺧا يﺎﻫدراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا دﺎﺠﯾا

يدﺮﺒﻫار ﺖﯿﻤﻫا كرد روﺎﻨﻓ

ي ﺎﻫ لﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد ي

ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﯽﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ

ﯽﺑﺎﯾرازﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﯽﺘﻨﺳ شﺮﮕﻧ ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ

ﯽﺗرﺎﻈﻧ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا و لﺮﺘﻨﮐ

ﯽﻬﺟوﺪﻨﭼ ﯽﺑﺎﯿﺷزرا مﺎﻈﻧ ﯽﺣاﺮﻃ و ﺶﺠﻨﺳ ﻢﺘﺴﯿﺳ ﯽﯾﺎﭘﺮﺑ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا

ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا ﺴﻧﺎﺘﭘ ﯿ ﻞ ﺎﻫ و ﻓﺮﻇ ﯿ ﺖ ﺎﻫ نﻮﯿﺳارﺪﻓ ي

هﺮﻬﺑ ﮔﯿ ﺮ شراﺰﮔ و يﺎﻫرﺎﻣآ زا مواﺪﻣ ي ﺎﻫ

ﯽﺗرﺎﻈﻧ يﺎﻫدﺎﻬﻧ يﻮﺳ زا ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا و ترﺎﻈﻧ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﻪﻈﺤﻟ ا ي ﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﯿ ﺖ ﺎﻫ ي ﺑﺎﯾرازﺎﺑ ﺶﺨﺑ صﻮﺼﺧ ﻪﺑ نﻮﯿﺳارﺪﻓ ﯽ

ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﮥﻌﺳﻮﺗ يرﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ

ﯽﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻊﻧاﻮﻣ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﮥﺘﯿﻤﮐ ﻞﯿﮑﺸﺗ ذ

ي ﻂﺑر ﯽﺼﺼﺨﺗ و

رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ حﻼﺻا نﻮﯿﺳارﺪﻓ

ﯽﮑﯾﺰﯿﻓ تﺎﻧﺎﮑﻣا يزﺎﺳﺎﯿﻬﻣ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ زﯾ ﺖﺧﺎﺳﺮ ﺎﻫ ﯽﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ي

تاﺰﯿﻬﺠﺗ مﺮﻧ راﺰﻓا ي لﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد ﯽﺑﺎﯾرازﺎﺑ يﺎﻫراﺰﺑا دﺎﺠﯾا

،ﺎﻫﺮﻈﻧ) ﯽﯾﻮﮕﺨﺳﺎﭘ مواﺪﻣ و ﻦﯾﻼﻧآ ﻢﺘﺴﯿﺳ ﯽﯾﺎﭘﺮﺑ ﭘﯿ

ﺎﻫدﺎﻬﻨﺸ ﺑ و (ﺎﻫرﻮﺧزﺎ

نﻮﯿﺳﺎﻣﻮﺗا ﯽﺣاﺮﻃ لﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد ﯽﺑﺎﯾرازﺎﺑ

ﮏﻧﺎﺑ ﺎﺑ ﯽﻃﺎﺒﺗرا ﻢﺘﺴﯿﺳ يراﺮﻗﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ

(10)

ﯽﻠﺻا ﻢﯿﻫﺎﻔﻣ

ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﯽﻟﺎﻣ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﺺﯿﺼﺨﺗ

نﻮﯿﺳارﺪﻓ

تﺎﻣﺪﺧ و تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﺮﺴﻧﺎﭙﺳا رﻮﻀﺣ ﺖﯾﺎﺳ ﺮﺴﻧﺎﭙﺳا ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ نﻮﯿﺳارﺪﻓ

تارﺎﺒﺘﻋا و ﻪﺟدﻮﺑ ﺺﯿﺼﺨﺗ

ﺎﻣﺮﺳ ﯾﻪ راﺬﮔ ي هﺎﮕﻨﺑ ﺎﻫ لﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد ةزﻮﺣ رد لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ ﯽﺷزرو ي

ﯽﻧﺎﺴﻧا ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﯽﻧﺎﺴﻧا ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ

نﻮﯿﺳارﺪﻓ

ﯽﯾاﺮﺟا و ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﺺﺼﺨﺘﻣ يوﺮﯿﻧ رﻮﻀﺣ نﺎﻨﮐرﺎﮐ ﻪﺑ شادﺎﭘ و ﺖﯾﺎﻤﺣ ،شزﻮﻣآ ﯽﻧﺎﺴﻧا يوﺮﯿﻧ رد ﺖﯿﻗﻼﺧ يﺎﻘﺗرا ﺎﯾ دﺎﺠﯾا

نﺎﻨﮐرﺎﮐ و ناﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﯽﻨﻓ ﯽﯾﺎﻨﺷآ ذ

ي ﻂﺑر

ﯽﺟرﺎﺧ و ﯽﻠﺧاد ناﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﺖﯾﺎﻤﺣ لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ نﻮﯿﺳارﺪﻓ

ﻪﺑ ﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﮥﻧﺎﻨﯿﺑﺰﯾر هﺎﮕﻧ ﻪﺑ و ﯽﺑﺎﯾرازﺎﺑ

ﺘﯿﺠﯾد ﯽﺑﺎﯾرازﺎﺑ صﻮﺼﺧ لﺎ

رد ﺺﺼﺨﺘﻣ ناﺮﯾﺪﻣ دﻮﺟو ﻪﺑ) نﻮﯿﺳارﺪﻓ

(ﯽﺑﺎﯾرازﺎﺑ ﺶﺨﺑ هﮋﯾو

يﺎﻘﺗرا ﺎﺷ ﯾ ﮕﺘﺴ ﯽ ﺎﻫ ﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا و يدﺮﻓ ي

ناﺮﯾﺪﻣ يدﺮﺒﻫار ﺮﮑﻔﺗ نﻮﯿﺳارﺪﻓ

فﺪﻫ راﺬﮔ و ي

راﺬﮕﻧﻮﻧﺎﻗ ي ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ

رﯾ ﺰ ي ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ

رﯾ ﺰ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ حﻮﻄﺳ ي نﻮﯿﺳارﺪﻓ

و ﯽﮔدﺎﻣآ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ رﯾ ﺰ ﺪﺷر ياﺮﺑ ي

نوﺪﻣ ﯽﺑﺎﯾرازﺎﺑ حﺮﻃ دﻮﺟو يدﺮﺒﻫار ﮥﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ دﻮﺟو

فاﺪﻫا و ﻪﻔﺴﻠﻓ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ نﻮﯿﺳارﺪﻓ

ﻂﯿﺤﻣ رد ﻪﻧاروﺎﻨﻓ يﺎﻀﻓ دﺎﺠﯾا نﻮﯿﺳارﺪﻓ

نﺎﻣز لوﺪﺟ دﺎﺠﯾا ماﺪﻗا يﺪﻨﺑ

ﺎﻫ

مزﻻ ﮥﺟدﻮﺑ ﺐﯾﻮﺼﺗ و ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ ﯽﺘﻨﺳ ﯽﺑﺎﯾرازﺎﺑ ﺎﺑ ﮏﯿﻧوﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﯽﺑﺎﯾرازﺎﺑ ﺐﯿﮐﺮﺗ

رد ﺮﮑﻓ قﺎﺗا دﺎﺠﯾا ﻪﺑ نﻮﯿﺳارﺪﻓ

ﯽﺑﺎﯾرازﺎﺑ ﮥﺘﯿﻤﮐ رد هﮋﯾو

ﻦﯿﻧاﻮﻗ حﻼﺻا ﻪﻨﻨﻘﻣ ةﻮﻗ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻦﯿﻧاﻮﻗ ﺐﯾﻮﺼﺗ و دﺎﺠﯾا

ﻮﺴﻤﻫ ﻦﯿﻧاﻮﻗ دﺎﺠﯾا ﯽﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ تارﺮﻘﻣ و ﻦﯿﻧاﻮﻗ ﻞﯿﻬﺴﺗ

حﻼﺻا ﺺﻘﻧ ﺎﻫ و ﺘﺳﺎﮐ ﯽ ﺎﻫ دﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﻦﯿﻧاﻮﻗ ي

تﺎﻃﺎﺒﺗرا عﻼﻃا

ﻖﯾﺮﻃ زا ﯽﻧﺎﺳر ﻪﻧﺎﺳر

زا ﻞﻣﺎﮐ ةدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻪﮑﺒﺷ

ﺎﻫ سﺮﺘﺳد رد ﯽﻃﺎﺒﺗرا ي

ﯽﻫﺎﻔﺷ تﺎﻐﯿﻠﺒﺗ يﺮﯿﮕﯿﭘ ﻪﻧﺎﺳر ا ي

ﺖﻧﺮﺘﻨﯾا رد يرﺎﺠﺗ مﺎﻧ ﻦﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺖﻧﺮﺘﻨﯾا رد ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺖﻧﺮﺘﻨﯾا رد ﺖﯿﻗﻼﺧ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا

(11)

ﯽﻠﺻا ﻢﯿﻫﺎﻔﻣ و راﺰﺑا دﺎﺠﯾا شور

ﺎﻫ مﺎﯿﭘ نﺎﺳآ لﺎﻘﺘﻧا ي

زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻓﺮﻇ ﯿ ﺖ ﺎﻫ ي ﺖﮐﺮﺷ ﺎﻫ ﯽﺻﻮﺼﺧ ي

نوﺮﺑ د ﯽﺑﺎﯾرازﺎﺑ ﺶﺨﺑ يرﺎﭙﺳ ﻪﺑ لﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾ

نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺮﮕﯾد

يراﺪﻣ يﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﯽﻣﺎﻤﺗ رد يﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﺎﺑ طﺎﺒﺗرا ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ

لﺎﻧﺎﮐ ﺎﻫ ﯽﻃﺎﺒﺗرا ي

يﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺎﯾﻮﭘ تﻼﻣﺎﻌﺗ هﺮﻬﺑ ﮔﯿ ﺮ زا ي ﮕﻧا ﯿ هﺰ ﺎﻫ ﺐﻃﺎﺨﻣ يﺎﻫرﺎﺘﻓر و

نﺎﺒﻃﺎﺨﻣ و داﺮﻓا ﮥﮑﺒﺷ ﮥﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﯽﻓﺮﻌﻣ لﺎﻧﺎﮐ ﺎﻫ يﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﻪﺑ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﯽﻃﺎﺒﺗرا ي

ﻊﺿاﻮﻣ ﯽﺧﺮﺑ رد نﺎﮕﯾار تﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﮥﺋارا ﻪﺑ ﯽﺳﺮﺘﺳد ياﺮﺑ دﺮﮑﯾور ﮥﻌﺳﻮﺗ و دﺎﺠﯾا فﺮﺼﻣ

نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﮐ

و ﺎﻫزﺎﯿﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ وﯾ

ﮔﮋ ﯽ ﺎﻫ ﯽﺼﺨﺷ ي فﺮﺼﻣ هﺪﻨﻨﮐ

نﺎﯾﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺖﯿﻓﺎﻔﺷ نﻮﯿﺳارﺪﻓ

يﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﻪﺑ نﺎﻧآ ﻞﯾﺪﺒﺗ و ناراﺪﯾﺮﺧ ﺎﺑ طﺎﺒﺗرا نﺎﯾﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﺶﻧاد يﺎﻘﺗرا نﻮﯿﺳارﺪﻓ

ماﺪﻗا يﺎﻫ ﯽﯾاﺮﺟا ماﺪﻗا

ﯽﺗﺎﯿﻠﻤﻋ يﺎﻫ هﺪﻧز يﺎﻫداﺪﯾور ﺶﺨﭘ

ﺖﻔﮔ يﺎﻫرﻻﺎﺗ ﻦﯾﻼﻧآ يﻮﮔو

ﮥﺋارا هﺎﮔرﺎﮐ ﺎﻫ ﯽﺘﻧﺮﺘﻨﯾا يﺎﻫرﺎﻨﯿﻤﺳ و

لدﺎﺒﺗ ﺮﯾﺎﺳ ﺎﺑ ﺮﻈﻧ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺎﻫ

ﺮﯾﺎﺳ ﻎﯿﻠﺒﺗ ﻖﯾﺮﻃ زا شوﺮﻓ ﺖﻧﺎﺳرﻮﭘ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺎﺳ

ﯾ ﺖ ﺎﻫ

ﯽﺷزرو يﺎﻫﻻﺎﮐ ﯽﺘﻧﺮﺘﻨﯾا شوﺮﻓ ﻪﺑﺮﺼﺤﻨﻣ ﯽﺘﻧﺮﺘﻨﯾا نﻮﯾﺰﯾﻮﻠﺗ دﺮﻓ

) IPTV1

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هﺎﺗﻮﮐ مﺎﯿﭘ ﻖﯾﺮﻃ زا ﯽﺑﺎﯾرازﺎﺑ ﺖﺴﺟ يﺎﻫرﻮﺗﻮﻣ ﻖﯾﺮﻃ زا ﯽﺑﺎﯾرازﺎﺑ ﻮﺟو

ﯽﺣاﺮﻃ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ رد ﯽﺒﻧﺎﺟ ي ﺎﺑ ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ) نﻮﯿﺳارﺪﻓIPTV

(نﺎﻨﮑﯾزﺎﺑ

نﻮﯿﺳارﺪﻓ ﺖﯾﺎﺳ رد تﺎﻐﯿﻠﺒﺗ ناراداﻮﻫ نﻮﻧﺎﮐ دﺎﺠﯾا

شوﺮﻓ ﻪﻧﺎﻣﺎﺳ دﺎﺠﯾا ﻔﺨﺗ

ﯿ ﻒ راد

اﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ﯽﺣاﺮﻃ زﺎﺑ ي ﺎﻫ يﺮﺗﻮﯿﭙﻣﺎﮐ ي

ﻦﺸﯿﮑﯿﻠﭘا دﺎﺠﯾا ﭘﯿ

ﺶ ﺑﯿﻨ تﺎﻘﺑﺎﺴﻣ ﯽ

ﻖﯾﺮﻃ زا تﺎﻐﯿﻠﺒﺗ ﻪﮑﺒﺷ

ﺎﻫ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ي

يﺮﺒﺧ ﺖﯾﺎﺳ ﯽﺣاﺮﻃ ﯽﺘﻧﺮﺘﻨﯾا و يزﺎﺠﻣ مﺮﻔﺘﻠﭘ

1. Internet Protocol Television