163
The Efficiency of Stress Management Skills Training in Reducing Aggression
Fatemeh Dehghan1, Jahangir Karami2, Marzieh Piri3, Parvaneh Karimi1
1 MA Student in General Psychology, Razi University of Kermanshah, Kermanshah, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Razi University of Kermanshah, Kermanshah, Iran 3 PhD Student in Counseling, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran
(Received May 25, 2014 ; Accepted July 14, 2014)
Abstract
Background and purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of stress management skills training in reducing aggression among university students.
Material and methods: This experimental study was done with pretest-posttest and control group design. The subjects included 45 students who were randomly selected and assigned to either experimental or control group (experimental group: n = 23, control group: n = 22). The Buss and Perry aggression questionnaire was used to collect the data and analysis of covariance was performed.
Results: Significant differences was seen in per- and post- test scores for all aggression components in experimental group (P<0.001).
Conclusion: According to this study stress management skills training was found helpful in reducing aggression. Hence, this method could be of great benefit in reducing aggression, thereby improving the mental health state among university students.
Keywords: Stress management skills, aggression, students
J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 2014; 24(115): 163-167 (Persian).
ﺠﻣ ـ ــ ﻠ ــــ ﻧاد ﻪـ ـ ـﺸ ـ ﻋ هﺎﮕـ ـــ ﻠ ــــ ﭘ مﻮـ ـــ ﺷﺰ ـــ ـﻜ ـ ﻣ ﻲــ ـــ ﻧزﺎ ـ ـ ــ نارﺪ
هرود مرﺎﻬﭼ و ﺖﺴﻴﺑ هرﺎﻤﺷ
115 دادﺮﻣ لﺎﺳ 1393 ) 167 - 163 (
هﺎﺗﻮﻛ شراﺰﮔ
ﺛﺄﺗ ﻴ ﺮ ﺎﻫ ترﺎﻬﻣ شزﻮﻣآ ي
ﺪﻣ ﻳ ﺮ ﻳ ﺖ ﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺮﺑ سﺮﺘﺳا ﻴ
ناﺰ ﺮﮕﺷﺎﺧﺮﭘ ي
نﺎﻘﻫد ﻪﻤﻃﺎﻓ 1
ﻲﻣﺮﻛ ﺮﻴﮕﻧﺎﻬﺟ 2
يﺮﻴﭘ ﻪﻴﺿﺮﻣ 3
ﻲﻤﻳﺮﻛ ﻪﻧاوﺮﭘ
1
هﺪﻴﻜﭼ
ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ
فﺪﻫ و :
ترﺎﻬﻣ شزﻮﻣآ ﻲﺸﺨﺑﺮﺛا ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﻳا فﺪﻫ يﺮﮕﺷﺎﺧﺮﭘ ناﺰﻴﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﻛﺮﺑ سﺮﺘﺳا ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ يﺎﻫ
نﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧاد دﻮﺑ
.
شور و داﻮﻣ ﺎﻫ
ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ:
ﺮﺿﺎﺣ عﻮﻧ زا ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣ يا ﺖﺳا . ﻦﻴﺑ زا ،ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﺖﻬﺟ 100
ﻮﺠﺸﻧاد 45 ـﺑ ﺮـﻔﻧ ﻪ ترﻮـﺻ
لﺮـﺘﻨﻛ و ﺶﻳﺎـﻣزآ هوﺮﮔ ود رد و بﺎﺨﺘﻧا هدﺎﺳ ﻲﻓدﺎﺼﺗ )
23 و ﺶﻳﺎـﻣزآ ﺮـﻔﻧ 22
لﺮـﺘﻨﻛ ﺮـﻔﻧ (
ﺪـﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔراﺮﻗ .
ﺶﻫوﮋـﭘ ﻦـﻳا رد زا
،يﺮﭘ و سﺎﺑ يﺮﮕﺷﺎﺧﺮﭘ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا
ﺪﺷ . ﻴﻠﺤﺗ هداد ﻞ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ مﺎﺠﻧا ﺲﻧﺎﻳراوﻮﻛ يرﺎﻣآ نﻮﻣزآ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ .
ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺎﻫ توﺎﻔﺗ:
هوﺮﮔ نﻮﻣزآ ﺲﭘ تاﺮﻤﻧ ﻦﻴﺑ
ﻪـﻔﻟﺆﻣ مﺎـﻤﺗ رد ،لﺮﺘﻨﻛ و ﺶﻳﺎﻣزآ يﺎﻫ هوﺮـﮔ ﻊـﻔﻧ ﻪـﺑ يﺮﮕـﺷﺎﺧﺮﭘ يﺎـﻫ
دﻮﺑ رادﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﺶﻳﺎﻣزآ )
001 / 0
<
.(p
جﺎﺘﻨﺘﺳا :
ﻪﺑ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ
ترﺎـﻬﻣ شزﻮـﻣآ ندﻮـﺑ ﺶﺨﺑﺮـﺛا ﺮـﺑ ﻲـﻨﺒﻣ هﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳد
ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪـﻣ يﺎـﻫ ﺶﻫﺎـﻛ ﺮـﺑ سﺮﺘـﺳا
ﻲﻣ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ،يﺮﮕﺷﺎﺧﺮﭘ ﻪﺑ و يﺮﮕﺷﺎﺧﺮﭘ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ياﺮﺑ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﻞﺣ هار ﻚﻳ ﻪﺑ نﺪﻴﺳر رد ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ
ﺖﻴﻌﺿو دﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﻲﻠﻛ رﻮﻃ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺎﺸﮔ هار نﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧاد ﻲﻧاور .
يﺪﻴﻠﻛ يﺎﻫ هژاو :
،سﺮﺘﺳا ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ يﺎﻫ ترﺎﻬﻣ
،يﺮﮕﺷﺎﺧﺮﭘ نﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧاد
ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ
ﺶﻳﺎـﻤﻧ و حﺮﺷ نﻮﻳﺰﻳﻮﻠﺗ و ﻮﻳدار رﺎﺒﺧا هﺪﻤﻋ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺧ ﺖﻧﻮﺸ يﻮـﺳ زا نﺎـﻬﺟ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ طﺎﻘﻧ رد ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا ﻲﻳﺎﻫ
نﺎﺴﻧا
نﺎﺴﻧا ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ ﻲﻣ لﺎﻤﻋا ﺮﮕﻳد يﺎﻫ
دﻮﺷ . هﺪـﻋ يا
ﻪــﻳﺮﻈﻧ زا نازادﺮــﭘ ندﻮــﺑ ﻲــﺗاذ ﺮــﻜﻓ ﻪــﻛ ﺪــﻧراد دﺎــﻘﺘﻋا
ياﺮﺑ يﺮﮕﺷﺎﺧﺮﭘ اﺮـﻳز ﺖـﺳا بﺮـﺨﻣ و كﺎـﻧﺮﻄﺧ نﺎﺴﻧا
ﻲﻣ ﺐﺒﺳ يﺮﻜﻓ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ﻦﺘﺷاد
ﺪـﻨﻧﺎﻣ يﺮﮕـﺷﺎﺧﺮﭘ ﻪﻛ دﻮﺷ
ﺘﺟا ﺶﻨﻛاو ﻚﻳ اﺬﻏ ﻪﺑ ﻞﻴﻣ بﺎﻨ
ﻦﻳاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ دﻮﺷ ﻲﻘﻠﺗ ﺮﻳﺬﭘﺎﻧ
ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺎﻳ لﺮﺘﻨﻛ رد نﺎﺴﻧا ﻲﻤﻧ نآ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷاد ﺶﻘﻧ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ .
ﻪــﻜﻨﻳاﺮﺑ ﻲــﻨﺒﻣ ار ﻲــﻧاواﺮﻓ ﻞــﻳﻻد هوﺮــﮔ ﻦــﻳا ﻦﻴــﻨﭽﻤﻫ يﺮﮕﺷﺎﺧﺮﭘ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﻲﻤﻧ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷاد ﻲﺗاذ و يﺰﻳﺮﻏ ءﺎﺸﻨﻣ
، هداد ﻪﺋارا
ﻞﻴﻟد ﻦﻴﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻧا يﺮﮕﺷﺎﺧﺮﭘ
ﻲﻋﺎـﻤﺘﺟا ﺮـﻈﻧ زا
شزﻮﻣآ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻢﻫ و
ﻴﭘ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻢﻫ لﺮﺘﻨﻛ و يﺮﻴﮕﺸ
ﺖﺳا
) 1
.(
رد يﺮﮕــﺷﺎﺧﺮﭘ ندﺮــﻛ ﺖﻳاﺪــﻫ ﺎــﻣ ﻪــﻔﻴﻇو ﻦﻳاﺮﺑﺎــﻨﺑ لﺎﻧﺎﻛ
ﺖﺳا ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا لﻮﺒﻗ درﻮﻣ يرﺎﺘﻓر يﺎﻫ .
ﻪﻳﺮﻈﻧ نازادﺮـﭘ
درﻮـﻣ رد ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا يﺮﻴﮔدﺎﻳ يﺮﮕـﺷﺎﺧﺮﭘ لﺮـﺘﻨﻛ نﺎـﻜﻣا
ﻦﻴﺒﺷﻮﺧ ﻲﺘﺴﻳز هﺎﮔﺪﻳد ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ
اﺮﻳز ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺮﺗ هوﺮﮔ ﻦﻳا
يراﺪــﻬﮕﻧ و بﺎﺴــﺘﻛا ﻲــﻄﻴﺤﻣ ﻞــﻣاﻮﻋ ﻪــﻛ ﺪــﻧﺪﻘﺘﻌﻣ ﺘﻓر
ﻲـﻣ لﺮﺘﻨﻛ ار ﻪﻧاﺮﮕﺷﺎﺧﺮﭘ يﺎﻫرﺎ ﺪـﻨﻛ
. ﻪـﻳﺮﻈﻧ نازادﺮـﭘ
يرﺎــﺘﻓر - ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨــﺷ - زا يﺮﮕــﺷﺎﺧﺮﭘ ﺪــﻧﺪﻘﺘﻌﻣ ﻲﻋﺎــﻤﺘﺟا
هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ يﺮﻴﮔدﺎﻳ و ﺖﻳﻮﻘﺗ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﻲﻣ ﻪﺘﺧﻮﻣآ يا
ﺷ ـ دﻮ
) 2
.(
لﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﻒﻟﻮﻣ :
نﺎﻘﻫد ﻪﻤﻃﺎﻓ هﺎﺸﻧﺎﻣﺮﻛ-
: هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد هﺎﺸﻧﺎﻣﺮﻛ يزار
E-mail:[email protected]
1 . ،ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ ناور ﺪﺷرا ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﻛ يﻮﺠﺸﻧاد هﺎﺸﻧﺎﻣﺮﻛ يزار هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد
، هﺎﺸﻧﺎﻣﺮﻛ ا ، ﻳ ناﺮ
2 . رﺎﻴﺸﻧاد
، ،ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ ناور هوﺮﮔ ،ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا مﻮﻠﻋ هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد
هﺎﺸﻧﺎﻣﺮﻛ يزار هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد
، هﺎﺸﻧﺎﻣﺮﻛ ا ، ﻳ ناﺮ
3 . ﻪﻣﻼﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،هروﺎﺸﻣ ياﺮﺘﻛد يﻮﺠﺸﻧاد ناﺮﻳا ،ناﺮﻬﺗ ،ﻲﻳﺎﺒﻃﺎﺒﻃ
ﺎﻳرد ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ ﺖﻓ : 4 / 3 / 1393 تﺎﺣﻼﺻا ﺖﻬﺟ عﺎﺟرا ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ :
3 / 4 / 1393 ﺐﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ :
23 / 4 / 1393
نﺎﻘﻫد ﻪﻤﻃﺎﻓ نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و
نارﺪﻧزﺎﻣ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﻪﻠﺠﻣ
هرود مرﺎﻬﭼ و ﺖﺴﻴﺑ هرﺎﻤﺷ ،
115 ، دادﺮﻣ 1393 165
هﺎﺗﻮﻛ شراﺰﮔ
يﺪﻨﻤﻧاﻮﺗ ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ
ترﺎـﻬﻣ و ﺎﻫ ﺪـﻧراد دﻮـﺟو ﻲﻳﺎـﻫ
ﻣ ﻪﻠﺑﺎﻘﻣ نﺎﻜﻣا دﺮﻓ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺆ
ﺶﻨﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺮﺛ ﻪـﻬﺟاﻮﻣ زا ﻲﺷﺎﻧ يﺎﻫ
كﺮﺤﻣ ﺎﺑ
ﻲـﻣ ار از ﺶﻨـﺗ يﺎﻫ ﺪـﻨﻫد
) 3
.(
ﻦـﻳا زا ﻲـﻫوﺮﮔ
ترﺎﻬﻣ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺎﻫ اﻮﻨﻋ ترﺎﻬﻣ ن مﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﻲﮔﺪﻧز يﺎﻫ هﺪﺷ يزﺎﺳ
ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺐﻟﺎﻗ رد و هﺪﺷ هداد شزﻮﻣآ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﺪﻧا
) 4
.(
ﻲﻧﺎــﻫاﺮﻓ نارﺎــﻜﻤﻫ و
) 5
ندﻮــﺑ ﺮﺛﺆــﻣ ﻲﺸــﻫوﮋﭘ رد (
نﺎﺸﻧ ار يﺮﮕﺷﺎﺧﺮﭘ ﺮﺑ سﺮﺘﺳا ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻲﻫوﺮﮔ شزﻮﻣآ ﺪﻧداد .
ﻲﻧﺎﻣز و ﺎﺘﻜﻳ ﻲﻫﻮﻜﺷ
) 6
شزﻮـﻣآ ﻪـﻛ ﺪﻧداد نﺎﺸﻧ (
ﻪﻄﺑار ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﻪﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ﻢﺸﺧ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ
ـﺒﺜﻣ ي ﺎـﺑ ناردﺎـﻣ ﺖ
هﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﺐﻘﻋ نﺎﻛدﻮﻛ
ﻲﻣ زﻮﻣآﺮﻳد و ﻲﻨﻫذ ي دﻮـﺷ
. ﻪـﻨﮕﻧز
نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و
) 7
(
ترﺎـﻬﻣ شزﻮـﻣآ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪـﻣ يﺎـﻫ
ﺶﻧاد ناردﺎﻣ يﺮﮕﺷﺎﺧﺮﭘ لﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﺮﺑ ﻢﺸﺧ اﻮﻨـﺷﺎﻧ نازﻮـﻣآ
ﺪـﻧداد راﺮﻗ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ ار .
ﻪـﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺞﻳﺎـﺘﻧ يﺎـﻫ
Barlow
و
نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ
ترﺎﻬﻣ شزﻮﻣآ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧداد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺰﻴﻧ لﺮـﺘﻨﻛ يﺎـﻫ
ﺸﺧ
ﻲﻣ ﻢﺸﺧ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ﻢ دﻮﺷ
) 8
.(
نارﺎـﻜﻤﻫ و يﺮـﺒﻨﻗ
ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪــﻣ ﻲﺸــﺨﺑﺮﺛا ﻦﻴــﻴﻌﺗ ناﻮــﻨﻋ ﺎــﺑ دﻮــﺧ ﺶﻫوﮋــﭘ رد نﺎﻧز ناور ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺮﺑ سﺮﺘﺳا ﺪﻧﺪﻴـﺳر ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻦﻳا ﻪﺑ ﻪﻘﻠﻄﻣ
ﺖـﺳا نﺎـﻣرد زا ﻲـﻤﻬﻣ ﺶـﺨﺑ سﺮﺘـﺳا ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪـﻣ ﻪﻛ
) 9
.(
ﺶﻫوﮋـﭘ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ يﺎـﻫ
Darden
و
Wichrocki
نارﺎـﻜﻤﻫ و
ﺮﺘﺳا ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻲﺸﺨﺑﺮﺛا ﺮﺑ يﺪﻴﻳﺄﺗ
ﺖـﺳا ﻢﺸـﺧ ﺮﺑ س
) 10
،
11
.(
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻲﻠﺻا لاﺆﺳ ور ﻦﻳا زا ﻪـﻛ ﺖﺳا ﻦﻳا ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ي
ترﺎــﻬﻣ شزﻮــﻣآ ﺎــﻳآ ﻲــﻣ سﺮﺘــﺳا ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪــﻣ يﺎــﻫ
ﺪــﻧاﻮﺗ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ نﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧاد يﺮﮕﺷﺎﺧﺮﭘ ناﺰﻴﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﻛﺮﺑ .
و داﻮﻣ شور ﺎﻫ
ﻪـﻠﺧاﺪﻣ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ عﻮﻧ زا ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺶﻴـﭘ ﺎـﺑ يا
نﻮﻣزآ -
ﺖـﺳا هاﻮﮔ هوﺮﮔ و نﻮﻣزآ ﺲﭘ .
يرﺎـﻣآ ﻪـﻌﻣﺎﺟ
ﺷ
ﻪـﻓﺮﺣ و ﻲـﻨﻓ هﺪﻜﺸـﻧاد نﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸـﻧاد ﻪﻴﻠﻛ ﻞﻣﺎ ءﺎﻤـﺳ يا
ﻲﻠﻴﺼـﺤﺗ لﺎﺳ رد ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ هﺎﺸﻧﺎﻣﺮﻛ 92
- 1391 لﻮﻐﺸـﻣ
ﺪــﻧدﻮﺑ ﻞﻴﺼــﺤﺗ ﻪــﺑ .
ﻦﻴــﺑ زا ،ﻪــﻧﻮﻤﻧ بﺎــﺨﺘﻧا ﺖــﻬﺟ 100
شزﻮــﻣآ ﺖــﺤﺗ نﻮﻨﻛﺎــﺗ ﻪــﻛ دورﻮﻟاﺪــﻳﺪﺟ يﻮﺠﺸــﻧاد ترﺎﻬﻣ
ﺪـﻧدﻮﺑ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮕﻧ راﺮﻗ سﺮﺘﺳا ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ يﺎﻫ
، 45 ﺮـﻔﻧ
ﺮﺑ و بﺎـﺨﺘﻧا هدﺎﺳ ﻲﻓدﺎﺼﺗ ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ رد ﻲـﻨﮕﻤﻫ سﺎـﺳا
هوﺮﮔ رد يﺮﮕﺷﺎﺧﺮﭘ هﺮﻤﻧ ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣ يﺎﻫ
) 23 ﺮـﻔﻧ ( هاﻮـﮔ و )
22 ﺮــﻔﻧ ( ﺪﻧﺪــﺷ ﻲﻓدﺎﺼــﺗ شرﺎــﻤﮔ .
نﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸــﻧاد ﻪــﻴﻠﻛزا
ﺖﻳﺎﺿر بﻮﺘﻜﻣ ﻪﻣﺎﻧ ﻪـﻠﺧاﺪﻣ تﺎﺴـﻠﺟ رد ﺖﻛﺮـﺷ ﺖﻬﺟ
و ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺞﻳﺎـﺘﻧ ندﻮـﺑ ﻪـﻧﺎﻣﺮﺤﻣ ﺖـﻬﺟ ﺮﻃﺎـﺧ نﺎـﻨﻴﻃا
ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﺪﺷ هداد ﺎﻫ .
Aggression questionnaire
، و Buss Perry
؛ 29
زا ﺶﺳﺮﭘ 52 ﻲﺑﺎـﻳزرا ياﺮـﺑ ﻪـﻴﻟوا مﺮﻓ رد دﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﺶﺳﺮﭘ
،ﻲــﻣﻼﻛ يﺮﮕــﺷﺎﺧﺮﭘ ،ﻲﻧﺪــﺑ يﺮﮕــﺷﺎﺧﺮﭘ ﻞــﻣﺎﻋ رﺎــﻬﭼ و ﻢﺸﺧ
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا يزﻮﺗ ﻪﻨﻴﻛ .
مﺮـﻓ ﻲﻳﺎﻳﺎﭘ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ رد
يﺮﮕﺷﺎﺧﺮﭘ سﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﻲﻳﺎﻬﻧ )
مﺮﻓ 29 هدﺎﻣ ﺶﺳﺮﭘ ي ﻪﻣﺎﻧ ( ﻪـﺑ
يور ﻲﻳﺎــﻣزآزﺎﺑ شور 37
ﺮــﻔﻧ ﻲﻧﺎــﻣز ﻪﻠــﺻﺎﻓ ﺎــﺑ 9
ﻪــﺘﻔﻫ يا
ﻲﮕﺘﺴــﺒﻤﻫ ﺐﻳﺮــﺿ 80
/ 0 ، 76 / 0 ، 72 / 0 و 72 / 0 ﺐــﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪــﺑ
،ﻲﻧﺪـﺑ يﺮﮕـﺷﺎﺧﺮﭘ ياﺮﺑ
،ﻲـﻣﻼﻛ
و ﻢﺸـﺧ يزﻮـﺗ ﻪـﻨﻴﻛ
ﺪﺷ شراﺰﮔ .
رد ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻲﻧاﺮﻳا ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻲﻳﺎـﻳﺎﭘ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ
رد
40 ود ﻲﻧﺎــﻣز ﻪﻠــﺻﺎﻓ ﺎــﺑ نﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸــﻧاد زا ﺮــﻔﻧ ﻪــﺘﻔﻫ
74 / 0 ،
78 / 0 ، 68 / 0 و 68 / 0 ﻞــﻣﺎﻋ ياﺮــﺑ ﺐــﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪــﺑ ،ﻢﺸــﺧ يﺎــﻫ
داد ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻤﮔﺪﺑو ﻲﮔﺪﻴﺠﻧر ،يﺮﮕﺷﺎﺧﺮﭘ
) 12
.(
اﺮﺟا ﺪﻨﻳآﺮﻓ
ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻲﻠﻤﻋ يﺎﻤﻨﻫار بﺎﺘﻛ ﺎﺑ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ نﺎﻣرد حﺮﻃ
ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ هﻮﻴﺷ ﻪﺑ سﺮﺘﺳا -
ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻦﻳا ﻪﺑ ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا يرﺎﺘﻓر
ﻪﻛ تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ 2 هﺎﻣ ﻲـﮕﺘﻔﻫ ﻪﺴـﻠﺟ ﺖﺸﻫ ﻲﻃ 90
ﻪـﻘﻴﻗد يا
سﺮﺘــﺳا ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪــﻣ يﺎــﻫ شور ناﺮﮕﺸــﻫوﮋﭘ ﻂــﺳﻮﺗ
ﻪــﺑ
ﺪﺷ هداد شزﻮﻣآ ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣ هوﺮﮔ نﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧاد
) 13
. (
تﺎﺴـﻠﺟ
ﻲﻨﻓ هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد رد ﻪﻓﺮﺣ و
هﺎﺸﻧﺎﻣﺮﻛ ءﺎﻤﺳ يا ﺪﺷ راﺰﮔﺮﺑ
.
ﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ و
ﺚﺤﺑ
ﺮـــﺑ نﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸـــﻧاد تﺎﺼـــﺨﺸﻣ تﺎـــﻋﻼﻃا سﺎـــﺳا
هرﺎﻤﺷ لوﺪﺟ رد ﻚﻴﻓاﺮﮔﻮﻣد 1
ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﺮﻛذ .
ﻲﻧدﻮﻣزآدراﺪﻧﺎﺘـﺳا فاﺮـﺤﻧا و ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺶﻴـﭘ رد ﺎـﻫ
هرﺎﻤﺷ لوﺪﺟ رد هوﺮﮔ ﻚﻴﻜﻔﺗ ﻪﺑ نﻮﻣزآ ﺲﭘ و نﻮﻣزآ 2
ﺖﺳا هﺪﻳدﺮﮔ ﻪﺋارا .
ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ لوﺪﺟ هرﺎﻤﺷ 2 ـﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ﻲ و ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎـﻴﻣ ﻪـﻛ ﺪـﻫد
رد يﺮﮕـﺷﺎﺧﺮﭘ رﺎــﻴﻌﻣ فاﺮـﺤﻧا ﺶﻴــﭘ رد ﻪـﻠﺧاﺪﻣ هوﺮــﮔ
نﻮﻣزآ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ 39 / 16،76 / 20
نﻮـﻣزآ ﺲـﭘ رد ﻪـﻛ دﻮﺑ
ﻪــﺑ 35 / 86،72 / 13 ﺖــﻓﺎﻳ ﻞــﻴﻠﻘﺗ .
رد تاﺮــﻤﻧ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎــﻴﻣ ﺎــﻣا
دﺮﻜﻧ ﻲﻧاﺪﻨﭼ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ نﻮﻣزآ ﺲﭘ رد لﺮﺘﻨﻛ هوﺮﮔ .
هرﺎﻤﺷ لوﺪﺟ 1
ﻧاواﺮﻓ :
ﻲ ﻓاﺮﮔﻮﻣد تﺎﻋﻼﻃا ﻴ
ﻚ
ﺖﻴﺴﻨﺟ ) داﺪﻌﺗ ( ﻫﺄﺗ ﻞ ) داﺪﻌﺗ ( ﻦﺳ لﺎﻐﺘﺷا
دﺮﻣ 33 دﺮﺠﻣ 42 ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻛ 17 ﻞﻏﺎﺷ 7
نز 12 ﻞﻫﺄﺘﻣ
3 ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ 36 رﺎﻜﻴﺑ 38
ﻞﻛ 45 45
45
45
لوﺪﺟ هرﺎﻤﺷ 2
ﺎﻫ هرﺎﻣآ :
ي ﺻﻮﺗ ﻴ ﻔ ﻲ ﺮﮕﺷﺎﺧﺮﭘ ي ﻜﻔﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻴ ﻚ هوﺮﮔ
هاﻮﮔ هوﺮﮔ ﺶﻳﺎﻣزآ هوﺮﮔ
ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ
ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ دراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا فاﺮﺤﻧا±
ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ دراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا فاﺮﺤﻧا±
يﺮﮕﺷﺎﺧﺮﭘ ﻴﭘ نﻮﻣزآ ﺶ 18 /
±72 70 / 13 39 /
±76 16 / 20
نﻮﻣزآ ﺲﭘ 36 /
±73 69 / 12 35 /
±72 86 / 13
راﺪﻘﻣ
ﻞﻛ يﺮﮕﺷﺎﺧﺮﭘ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ياﺮﺑ F
91 / 140 ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑ
ﺢﻄﺳ رد ﻪﻛ ﺪﻣآ )
001 / 0
<
(p
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ
ﺖـﺳا راد . هزاﺪـﻧا ،ﺮـﺛا
ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻦﻳا ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ )
77 / 0 (
ﻲـﻣ نﺎﺸـﻧ ﻪـﻛ ﺖﺳا ﺪـﻫد
77
ـﺘﻨﻛ و ﻪـﻠﺧاﺪﻣ هوﺮﮔ ﺲﻧﺎﻳراو ﻞﻛ زا ﺪﺻرد ﺮـﻴﻐﺘﻣ رد لﺮ
سﺮﺘــﺳا ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪــﻣ شزﻮــﻣآ ﺮــﺛا زا ﻲــﺷﺎﻧ يﺮﮕــﺷﺎﺧﺮﭘ ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ) هرﺎﻤﺷ لوﺪﺟ 3
(.
هرﺎﻤﺷ لوﺪﺟ 3
:
ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎـﻴﻣ هﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﺪﻨﭼ ﺲﻧﺎﻳراوﻮﻛ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ
هﺮﻤﻧ هاﻮﮔ و ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣ يﺎﻫوﺮﮔ رد ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ يﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ نﻮﻣزآ ﺲﭘ يﺎﻫ
ﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ يدازآ ﻪﺟرد تاروﺬﺠﻣ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ F
يرادﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺎﺗاروﺬﺠﻣ
ﻲﻧﺪﺑ يﺮﮕﺷﺎﺧﺮﭘ 1 16 / 251 13 / 9 001 / 0 17 / 0
ﻲﻣﻼﻛ يﺮﮕﺷﺎﺧﺮﭘ
1 9 / 79 54 / 10 001 / 0 19 / 0
ﻢﺸﺧ 1
6 / 129 91 / 13 001 / 0 24 / 0
ﺖﻣﻮﺼﺧ 1
8 / 175 20 / 11 001 / 0 20 / 0
ﻪﺘﺴﺑاوﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ 1
10 / 4995 54 / 219 001 / 0 83 / 0
هوﺮﮔ 1
06 / 3206 91 / 140 001 / 0 77 / 0
ﭘ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺎﺑ ﺎﺘﺳار ﻢﻫ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺶﻫوﮋ
يﺎـﻫ
و نارﺎـﻜﻤﻫ و ﻪـﻨﮕﻧز ،ﻲﻧﺎـﻣز و ﺎﺘﻜﻳ ﻲﻫﻮﻜﺷ
Barlow
و
نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ
شزﻮـﻣآ زا هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا ﻪـﻛ ﺖﺳا نآ يﺎﻳﻮﮔ يﺎـﻫ
ناور
نﺎﻣرد و ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ
ﻲﻣ ﻢﺸﺧ لﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻨﺘﺒﻣ يﺎﻫ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ
دراﺬــﮕﺑ داﺮــﻓا يرﺎــﺘﻓر لﺮــﺘﻨﻛ ﺮــﺑ ﻲــﺘﺒﺜﻣ تاﺮــﺛا
) 8 - 6
.(
ﺞﻳﺎــﺘﻧ ﺶﻫوﮋــﭘ يﺎــﻫ
Darden
،
Wichorcki
،
،Erma
ﻮﻨﺴﺣ يﺪﻧ
ﺎﺘﺳار ﻢﻫ و نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و ﺶﻫوﮋـﭘ ﻦـﻳا ﺞﻳﺎـﺘﻧ ﺎﺑ
ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ
) 11 - 9
، 14
.(
ﺖﻳدوﺪــﺤﻣ زا ﻲــﻜﻳ راﺰــﺑا ،ﺮــﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋــﭘ يﺎــﻫ
هزاﺪﻧا دﻮﺑ يﺮﮕﺷﺎﺧﺮﭘ ناﺰﻴﻣ يﺮﻴﮔ .
هزاﺪﻧا ياﺮﺑ ناﺰـﻴﻣ يﺮﻴﮔ
ﺪـﻳدﺮﮔ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ زا ﻂﻘﻓ يﺮﮕﺷﺎﺧﺮﭘ دﺎﻬﻨﺸـﻴﭘ اﺬـﻟ ،
ﻲﻣ
شور ﺮﻳﺎﺳ زا هﺪﻨﻳآ تﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ رد دﻮﺷ
ﻊـﻤﺟ يﺎـﻫ يروآ
هداد
و ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ﺮﻴﻈﻧ ﺎﻫ ...
هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا دﻮﺷ . ﻪـﺑ ﻪـﺟﻮﺗ ﺎـﺑ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ
ترﺎــﻬﻣ شزﻮــﻣآ ﺮﻴﺛﺄــﺗ هﻮﻴــﺷ ﻪــﺑ سﺮﺘــﺳا ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪــﻣ يﺎــﻫ
ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ -
ﻲـﻣ دﺎﻬﻨﺸﻴﭘ يﺮﮕﺷﺎﺧﺮﭘ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ رد يرﺎﺘﻓر دﻮـﺷ
ﻞﻜﺸﻣ ﻲﻧاواﺮﻓ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ بﻮﻠﻄﻣﺎـﻧ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ و يﺮﮕﺷﺎﺧﺮﭘ
هرود ،نﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧاد ﺎﺻﻮﺼﺧ داﺮﻓا ﺮﺑ نآ سﺮﺘﺳا ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﺶﻫﺎﻛ و
هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد رد يﺮﮕﺷﺎﺧﺮﭘ رﺎﺘﻓر ﻪـﺑ ﺎﻳ و دﻮﺷ اﺮﺟا ﺎﻫ
دﻮﺷ هداد شزﻮﻣآ نﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧاد ﻲﺳرد ﺪﺣاو زا ﻲﺸﺨﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ .
يراﺰﮕﺳﺎﭙﺳ
ﻲـﻣ مزﻻ دﻮـﺧ ﺮﺑ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﻳا نﺎﮔﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ ﻪـﻛ ﺪـﻨﻧاد
زا
ﻪﻴﻠﻛ نﺎﻨﻛرﺎﻛ ي و
هﺪﻜﺸـﻧاد نﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧاد
ﻪـﻓﺮﺣ و ﻲـﻨﻓ يا
ءﺎﻤﺳ هﺎﺸـﻧﺎﻣﺮﻛ ﺮﻬﺷ ﺶﻫوﮋـﭘ ﻦـﻳا ياﺮـﺟا رد ار ﺎـﻣ ﻪـﻛ
ﻤﻧ يرﺎﻳ يراﺰﮕﺳﺎﭙﺳ ﺪﻧدﻮ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ
.
References
1. Navaabinejad S. Normal and abnormal behaviors in children and ways to prevent and treat. Tehran: parents and teachers association publications; 2003. p. 42-43. (Persian).
2. Englander EK. Understanding violence. 3th ed. USA: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates;
2003.
3. Mehrabizadeh Honarmand M, Geravand L, Arzi S. The effect of life skills training on anxiety and aggression among the wives of martyrs. Women and Culture Journal 2008;
1(1): (Persian).
4. Michaeli Manee F, Ahmadi Khouiee Sh., Zare H. The Effect of Three Life Skills
نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و نﺎﻘﻫد ﻪﻤﻃﺎﻓ
نارﺪﻧزﺎﻣ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﻪﻠﺠﻣ
هرود
مرﺎﻬﭼ و ﺖﺴﻴﺑ هرﺎﻤﺷ ،
115 ، دادﺮﻣ 1393 167
هﺎﺗﻮﻛ شراﺰﮔ
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