Investigating the Intangible Values of Football in the Community and the Willingness to Pay to Host Valid Sporting Events with a Contingent Valuation
Method
Masoud Jafari1 , Shahram Nazari2 , Kamran Eidipoor3
1. Eyvanekey Non-Governmental University. Semnan, Iran. E-mail:[email protected]
2. Corresponding Author, Department of Physical Education, Farhangian University. Tehran, Iran. E-mail: [email protected] 3. Department of Physical Education, Eyvanekey Non-Governmental University. Semnan, Iran. E-mail: [email protected]
Article Info ABSTRACT
Article type:
Research Article
Article history:
Received:
13 March 2021 Received in revised form:
25 April 2021 Accepted:
29 April 2021 Published online:
16 September 2022
Keywords:
contingent valuation method, event hosting,
intangible effects, valuation, willingness to pay
Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the intangible values of football in the community and the willingness to pay to host valid sporting events with a contingent valuation method.
Methods: The research method is descriptive correlation and is of the categories of the applied research. The statistical population of the study included all people in the northern provinces of Iran. The sampling method was clustering and stratified and the required information was collected by simple random sampling. The urban centers of three provinces of Tehran, Golestan, Guilan and a total of 1155 people were selected as a research sample. To collect information, Vicker et al (2016) willingness to pay questionnaire, which has 15 questions and measures 12 intangible components of exercise, was used. In order to analyze the data, inferential statistical methods such as logistic regression and diagnostic logistic regression were used to predict the variables.
Results: The findings showed that, in general, %49 of the population were willing to pay 69.245 tomans. The variables of credit, sense of stadium and sports facilities, satisfaction, success, motivation for a healthy lifestyle, honor, fame, have the most and the strongest significant relationship with predicting the willingness to pay.
Conclusion: Relevant officials can support the improvement of the effects of sports development in the community by using appropriate facilities and equipment and providing conditions for hosting prestigious sports events.
Cite this article: Jafari, M., Nazari, SH., & Eidipoor, K. (2022). Investigating the Intangible Values of Football in the Community and the Willingness to Pay to Host Valid Sporting Events with a Contingent Valuation Method. Sport Management Journal, 14 (2), 177-188..DOI: http//doi.org/10.22059/JSM.2021.319863.2686
© The Author(s). Publisher: University of Tehran, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health.
Introduction
Sports events provide many experiences for people and may attract local people and players such as common motivations, fun and homesickness, rest and recreation, escape from daily work, entertainment opportunities, interaction with others, learning. provide observation and participation (Andam et al, 2012). Sports is one of the important cultural-social dimensions of every society, which is considered as a public good and can be available to all people in the society.
Samuelsen defines a public good as follows: A public good is a good that everyone collectively benefits from, so that each person's consumption of such a good does not cause a decrease in the consumption of others (Johnson, Mondela and Whitehead, 2007). Gratton and Tyler believe that success in international sports events is a pure aspect of sports as a public good, which not only increases morale, but also causes more participation of young people in sports activities. To estimate the value of public goods, the probability assessment method is used. Contingent valuation method is used as one of the standard methods for valuing intangible goods and determining the level of support and willingness to pay for them (Bekkenbil and Dilger, 2015). Willem et al. (2019) conducted a study on willingness to pay for hosting a major international event before and after the event. Broad et al.
(2018) conducted a study entitled the probable value of the success of winning a medal in the Olympic Games. The results of the research showed that the success of winning a medal in the Olympic Games for the British people creates a sense of pride, motivation, satisfaction, interest and fame for the British people, and these variables have influenced the willingness of people to pay to support sports. What kind of intangible effects does the hosting of football sports events have on the people of the society and to what extent are the people of the society willing to support the hosting of the events for these intangible achievements; It can encourage the sports officials of the country to have a more special view towards hosting prestigious sports events in the country and to work more on its development and progress in accordance with the level of interest and support of the people of the society and the field of hosting sports events, especially in the National Cup. to provide Asia. As a result, the purpose of the research is to find out what are the intangible values of hosting football sports events for the general public and how is its relationship with the willingness of the community to pay for hosting these events?
Methods
Descriptive research method is correlation. The statistical population of the research includes all strata of people in the northern provinces of the country, which were clustered and stratified in the urban centers of the three provinces of Tehran, Golestan, Gilan, and a total of 1155 people were selected as a research sample. In order to collect information, the Willingness to Pay Questionnaire of Vicker et al. (2016), which has 15 questions and measures 12 intangible components of sports, was used. In order to analyze the data, inferential statistical methods such as logistic regression and
variables using Spss and evios software.
Results
The findings of the research showed that, in general, 49% of the people in the community were willing to pay 245.69 Tomans. The credibility variables, the sense of having a gym and sports facilities, satisfaction, success, motivation to have a healthy lifestyle, honor, fame, have the highest and strongest significant relationship with the prediction of willingness to pay. More men than women, people with doctorate and master's degrees, age groups under 25 years and 26-35 years, income groups 2-4 million and 6 million and above, tended to pay more to host prestigious events.
Conclusion
In general, from the total findings of the research, it can be concluded that 49% of the people of the society had the desire to pay for hosting prestigious sports events in the field of football, because they believe that hosting these sports events can have many intangible effects such as prestige, happiness, and honor. , to bring motivation, interest, etc. to them, which is very valuable for them and they welcome it. Based on this, it is suggested that football development programs and the hosting of prestigious sports events in the field of football should be evaluated according to the level of citizens' willingness to pay and from an economic point of view. The sports authorities of the country can create the full and all- round support of the people of the society for the sport of football by using the appropriate facilities and equipment for the development of football sports in the country and by providing the conditions to host prestigious sports events. On the other hand, the relevant authorities can help the process of doing this important work by fully supporting the hosting of prestigious football sports events in terms of finance, technology, facilities, equipment, etc. Sports practitioners and managers, aware of the importance of hosting prestigious sports events, should manage their expenses in the field of sports and for various competitions, according to the willingness of the people to pay and the national right, and policy makers in order to increase the sports participation of people in the society. Help the football field. Finally, this study should be considered to improve the infrastructure related to football and also to host prestigious international competitions.
Ethical Considerations Compliance with ethical guidelines:
Funding: The research was done without using financial resources Authors’ contribution:The authors have contributed equally Conflict of interest: The authors have no conflicts of interest Acknowledgments: This research was done with the guidance of distinguished professors and the cooperation of research participants.
رﺮﺑ ﯽﺳ يﺎﻫ شزرا
سﻮﻤﻠﻣﺎﻧ شزرو
لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ رد
ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ و ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻞﯾﺎﻤﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺧادﺮﭘ ﺖﻬﺟ
ﯽﻧﺎﺑﺰﯿﻣ
يﺎﻫداﺪﯾور ﯽﺷزرو
ﺮﺒﺘﻌﻣ ﺎﺑ دﺮﮑﯾور ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا
ﯽﻟﺎﻤﺘﺣا
يﺮﻔﻌﺟ دﻮﻌﺴﻣ ، 1
يﺮﻈﻧ ماﺮﻬﺷ
2
،
ﮐ ناﺮﻣﺎ رﻮﭘ يﺪﯿﻋ
3
1 . ناﺮﯾا ،نﺎﻨﻤﺳ .ﯽﮑﻧاﻮﯾا ﯽﻋﺎﻔﺘﻧاﺮﯿﻏ ،ﯽﺘﻟودﺮﯿﻏ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،ﯽﻧﺪﺑ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ هوﺮﮔ :ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺎﯾار.
@gmail.com 1982
jafariimasoud
2 . ،لوﺆﺴﻣ ةﺪﻨﺴﯾﻮﻧ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،ﯽﻧﺪﺑ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ هوﺮﮔ
نﺎﯿﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ
،
،ناﺮﻬﺗ ناﺮﯾا :ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺎﯾار . [email protected]
3.
ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ هوﺮﮔ ناﺮﯾا ،نﺎﻨﻤﺳ .ﯽﮑﻧاﻮﯾا ﯽﻋﺎﻔﺘﻧاﺮﯿﻏ ،ﯽﺘﻟودﺮﯿﻏ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،ﯽﻧﺪﺑ :ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺎﯾار .
ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ تﺎﻋﻼﻃا هﺪﯿﮑﭼ
:ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ عﻮﻧ ﯽﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ
رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺦ رد ﯾ ﺖﻓﺎ : 23 / 12 / 1399
:يﺮﮕﻧزﺎﺑ ﺦﯾرﺎﺗ 05
/ 02 / 1400
رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺦ ﺬﭘ ﯾ شﺮ : 09 / 02 / 1400
رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺦ رﺎﺸﺘﻧا : 25 / 06 / 1401
ﺪﯿﻠﮐ هژاو :ﺎﻫ
ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا
،ﯽﻟﺎﻤﺘﺣا شزرا
،يراﺬﮔ ﻞﯾﺎﻤﺗ ﻪﺑ
،ﺖﺧادﺮﭘ تاﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ
،سﻮﻤﻠﻣﺎﻧ ﯽﻧﺎﺑﺰﯿﻣ داﺪﯾور
ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ : شزرا ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ،ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﯾا زا فﺪﻫ ﺖﺧادﺮﭘ ﻪﺑ ﻞﯾﺎﻤﺗ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺎﺑ نآ ﮥﻄﺑار و ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ رد لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ شزرو سﻮﻤﻠﻣﺎﻧ يﺎﻫ
ﻪﺑ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ دﻮﺑ ﯽﻟﺎﻤﺘﺣا ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا دﺮﮑﯾور ﺎﺑ ﺮﺒﺘﻌﻣ ﯽﺷزرو يﺎﻫداﺪﯾور ﯽﻧﺎﺑﺰﯿﻣ .
:ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ شور نﺎﺘﺳا مدﺮﻣ رﺎﺸﻗا ﯽﻣﺎﻤﺗ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ يرﺎﻣآ ﮥﻌﻣﺎﺟ .ﺖﺳا ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﯽﻔﯿﺻﻮﺗ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ شور
يﺎﻫ
ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧرﻮﺸﮐ ﯽﻟﺎﻤﺷ ﻪﺷﻮﺧ ترﻮﺻ
ﻪﻘﺒﻃ و يا عﻮﻤﺠﻣ رد و نﻼﯿﮔ ،نﺎﺘﺴﻠﮔ ،ناﺮﻬﺗ نﺎﺘﺳا ﻪﺳ يﺮﻬﺷ ﺰﮐاﺮﻣ يا 1155
ﺮﻔﻧ
ﻪﺑ ﻪﺑ .ﺪﻧﺪﺷ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﮥﻧﻮﻤﻧ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻊﻤﺟ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ
نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﺮﮑﯾو ﺖﺧادﺮﭘ ﻪﺑ ﻞﯾﺎﻤﺗ ﮥﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ زا تﺎﻋﻼﻃا يروآ
) 2016 ياراد ﻪﮐ ،(
15 و ﺖﺳا لاﺆﺳ 12
ﯽﻣ ار شزرو سﻮﻤﻠﻣﺎﻧ ﮥﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﻪﺑ .ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ،ﺪﺠﻨﺳ
هداد ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ زا ﺎﻫ
شور ﯿﺳﺮﮔر و ﮏﯿﺘﺴﺠﻟ نﻮﯿﺳﺮﮔر ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﯽﻃﺎﺒﻨﺘﺳا رﺎﻣآ يﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺼﯿﺨﺸﺗ ﮏﯿﺘﺴﺠﻟ نﻮ
ﺶﯿﭘ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﯽﻨﯾ
.ﺪﺷ ﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ : ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ يﺎﻫ ﯽﻠﮐ رﻮﻃ
49 راﺪﻘﻣ ،ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ مدﺮﻣ ﺪﺻرد 245
/ 69 ﺖﺧادﺮﭘ ﻪﺑ ﻞﯾﺎﻤﺗ نﺎﻣﻮﺗ
ﺪﻧز ةﻮﯿﺷ ﻦﺘﺷاد ةﺰﯿﮕﻧا ،ﺖﯿﻘﻓﻮﻣ ،ﺖﯾﺎﺿر ،ﯽﺷزرو تﺎﻧﺎﮑﻣا و هﺎﮕﺷزرو ﻦﺘﺷاد ﺲﺣ ،رﺎﺒﺘﻋا يﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ .ﺪﻧا ﻪﺘﺷاد ،ﻢﻟﺎﺳ ﯽﮔ
يﻮﻗ و ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ،تﺮﻬﺷ و رﺎﺨﺘﻓا ﺶﯿﭘ ﺎﺑ ار رادﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﮥﻄﺑار ﻦﯾﺮﺗ
ﺪﻧراد ﺖﺧادﺮﭘ ﻪﺑ ﻞﯾﺎﻤﺗ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﯽﻨﯿﺑ .
يﺮﯿﮔ ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ :
ﯽﻣ نﻻﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺎﺑ ﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺗ
ﯽﻧﺎﺑﺰﯿﻣ ياﺮﺑ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ ندﺮﮐ ﺎﯿﻬﻣ و ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ تاﺰﯿﻬﺠﺗ و تﺎﻧﺎﮑﻣا يﺮﯿﮔرﺎﮐ
رد شزرو ﮥﻌﺳﻮﺗ تاﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ زا ،ﺮﺒﺘﻌﻣ ﯽﺷزرو يﺎﻫداﺪﯾور ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﺖﯾﺎﻤﺣ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ
.
:دﺎﻨﺘﺳا يﺮﻔﻌﺟ
؛دﻮﻌﺴﻣ ، ) ناﺮﻣﺎﮐ ،رﻮﭘ يﺪﯿﻋ و ؛ماﺮﻬﺷ ،يﺮﻈﻧ 1401
ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ .(
يﺎﻫ شزرا سﻮﻤﻠﻣﺎﻧ شزرو لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ رد ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ و ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻞﯾﺎﻤﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺧادﺮﭘ ﺖﻬﺟ ﯽﻧﺎﺑﺰﯿﻣ
يﺎﻫداﺪﯾور ﯽﺷزرو ﺮﺒﺘﻌﻣ ﺎﺑ دﺮﮑﯾور ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا ﯽﻟﺎﻤﺘﺣا ﯽﺷزرو ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﻪﯾﺮﺸﻧ . ،)
2 ( 14 ، 177-188 .
mailto:DoI:http//doi.org/10.22059/JSM.2020.319863.2686
ﺎﻧ :ﺮﺷ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،ناﺮﻬﺗ هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد ﯽﺷزرو مﻮﻠﻋ ﯽﺘﺳرﺪﻨﺗ و
.
.نﺎﮔﺪﻨﺴﯾﻮﻧ©
ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ و ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ زا ﯽﻤﻬﻣ ﺶﺨﺑ ﯽﺷزرو يﺎﻫداﺪﯾور نآ داﺪﻌﺗ ﺮﺑ ﻪﻧﻻﺎﺳ و ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ يزوﺮﻣا ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ
ﯽﻣ هدوﺰﻓا ﺎﻫ ﯽﻣ ﺎﻫداﺪﯾور .دﻮﺷ
يﺎﻫزﺎﯿﻧ ﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺗ
ﺶﻘﻧ و هدﻮﻤﻧ هدروآﺮﺑ ار يدﺮﻓ و ﯽﻧاور ،ﯽﻤﺴﺟ يﺎﻫزﺎﯿﻧ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﺮﺸﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﺳا ﯽﻫﺎﮔآ ،ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ثاﺮﯿﻣ ﻞﯿﺒﻗ زا يدﺪﻌﺘﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ،ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ يﺎﻫ
ﺑ ﯽﺷزرو يﺎﻫداﺪﯾور .ﺪﯾﺎﻤﻧ ﺎﻔﯾا ار يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ و ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﯽﻣ ﻢﻫاﺮﻓ ﯽﺘﺻﺮﻓ داﺮﻓا ياﺮ
و ﻖّﻠﻌﺗ سﺎﺴﺣا و ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷاد ﻞﻣﺎﻌﺗ ﺮﮕﯾﺪﮑﯾ ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧروآ
نﺎﻨﮑﯾزﺎﺑ و ﯽﻠﺤﻣ مدﺮﻣ ياﺮﺑ ﺖﺳا ﻦﮑﻤﻣ و هدﺮﮐ ﻢﻫاﺮﻓ مدﺮﻣ ياﺮﺑ يدﺪﻌﺘﻣ تﺎﯿﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﯽﺷزرو يﺎﻫداﺪﯾور .ﺪﻨﯾﺎﻤﻧ ﺖﯾﻮﻘﺗ ار ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا مﺎﺠﺴﻧا ﺖﯿﺑاﺬﺟ ﺮﺑ ﯽﮕﻨﺘﻟد و ﯽﻣﺮﮔﺮﺳ ،كﺮﺘﺸﻣ يﺎﻫ هﺰﯿﮕﻧا ﻞﯿﺒﻗ زا ﯽﯾﺎﻫ ﺖﺻﺮﻓ ،هﺮﻣزور رﺎﮐ زا راﺮﻓ ،ﺢﯾﺮﻔﺗ و ﺖﺣاﺮﺘﺳا ،ﻦﻬﯿﻣ يا
،ﯽﻣﺮﮔﺮﺳ يﺎﻫ
،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ماﺪﻧا) ﺪﻧروآ ﻢﻫاﺮﻓ ،ﻦﺸﺟ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ ﮏﯾ ﻦﺘﺷاﺬﮔ كاﺮﺘﺷا ﻪﺑ ﺎﯾ و ﺖﮐرﺎﺸﻣ و هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ،يﺮﯿﮔدﺎﯾ ،ناﺮﮕﯾد ﺎﺑ ﻞﻣﺎﻌﺗ 1392
تاﺮﺛا .(
ﺷر رد ﯽﯾاﺰﺴﺑ ﺶﻘﻧ ﯽﺷزرو يﺎﻫداﺪﯾور ﯽﻧﺎﺑﺰﯿﻣ و شزرو ﺖﻌﻨﺻ يدﺎﺼﺘﻗاﺮﯿﻏ و يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا ﺪﺷر .دراد رﻮﺸﮐ ﮏﯾ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ و ﺪ
و ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ زا ﻪﻠﻤﺟ
ﯽﻓاﺪﻫا ﺖﺳا ﻪﮐ ﻪﻤﻫ يﺎﻫرﻮﺸﮐ نﺎﻬﺟ
ياﺮﺑ ﯽﺑﺎﯿﺘﺳد ﻪﺑ شﻼﺗ نآ ﯽﻣ
ﯽﮑﯾ ﯽﺷزرو يﺎﻫداﺪﯾور ﯽﻧﺎﺑﺰﯿﻣ و شزرو ﺖﻌﻨﺻ هزوﺮﻣا و ﺪﻨﻨﮐ زا
ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﻪﻨﯿﻣز زﺎﺳ ﺪﺷر و ﯽﯾﺎﻓﻮﮑﺷ ﯽﻣ رﺎﻤﺷ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫرﻮﺸﮐ
ﮓﻧاز و ﺰﺘﯿﭘ) ﺪﯾآ ،1
2016 هزوﺮﻣا .(
ﺖﻌﻨﺻ شزرو ﻪﺑ ﮏﯾ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ ازﺪﻣآرد ﻞﯾﺪﺒﺗ هﺪﺷ
ﺖﺳا ﻪﮐ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻗﻼﻋ ناواﺮﻓ مدﺮﻣ ﻪﺑ نآ هراﻮﻤﻫ رد نﻮﻧﺎﮐ تﺎﻬﺟﻮﺗ ﻪﻧﺎﺳر
،ﺎﻫ ﺖﮐﺮﺷ يﺎﻫ يرﺎﺠﺗ و نﺎﺒﺣﺎﺻ ﺮﮕﯾد ﻊﯾﺎﻨﺻ راﺮﻗ ﻪﺘﺷاد
ﻢﯿﮐ و ﺰﺘﯿﭘ ،ﮓﻧاز) ﺖﺳا ،2
2017 .(
رد ﯽﻣ ﯽﺷزرو يﺎﻫداﺪﯾور ﯽﻧﺎﺑﺰﯿﻣ و شزرو ﻊﻗاو شزرا ياراد ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ
ﯽﺳﻮﻤﻠﻣﺎﻧ و سﻮﻤﻠﻣ يﺎﻫ ﺮﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
ﯽﻣ ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ مﻮﻤﻋ يور دراﺬﮔ
) ﺮﺋوﺮﺑ و نﺎﻤﻠﻫ ،3
2014 ( .
شزرو زا دﺎﻌﺑا ﻢﻬﻣ ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ـ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﺮـﻫ ﻪـﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﯽﻣ حﺮﻄﻣ ﯽﻣﻮﻤﻋ يﻻﺎﮐ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺖـﺳا ﯽﻣ و دﻮﺷ
مدﺮﻣ ﻪﻤﻫ سﺮﺘﺳد رد ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ
ﻦﺴﻠﺋﻮﻣﺎﺳ .دﺮﯿﮕﺑ راﺮﻗ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﯽﻣ ﻒﯾﺮﻌﺗ ﻦﯿﻨﭼ ار ﯽﻣﻮﻤﻋ يﻻﺎﮐ4
ﯽﻣﻮﻤﻋ يﻻﺎﮐ :ﺪﻨﮐ ﻪﺘﺳد ﻪﻤﻫ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﯽﯾﻻﺎﮐ
ﯽﻣ هﺮﻬﺑ نآ زا ﯽﻌﻤﺟ ،ﺪﻧﺮﺑ
ﻪﺑ يرﻮﻃ ﯽﻤﻧ ﺪﯾﺪﭘ نآ زا ناﺮﮕﯾد فﺮﺼﻣ رد ﯽﺸﻫﺎﮐ ،ﯽﯾﻻﺎﮐ ﻦﯿﻨﭼ زا دﺮﻓ ﺮﻫ فﺮﺼﻣ ﻪﮐ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﮏﯾ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻤﻫ ياﺮﺑ ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ زا ﺲﭘ ﻻﺎﮐ ﻦﯾا .دروآ
ﺘﺳا هاﻮﺧﺎﻧ و هاﻮﺧ و ﺖﺳا ﻪﻨﯾﺰﻫﺮﭘ رﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﺎﯾ ﺖﺳا روﺪﻘﻣﺎﻧ ﺎﯾ نآ ندﺮﮐ ﺎﻨﺜﺘﺳا و ﺖﺳا سﺮﺘﺳد رد ﯽﻣ هدﺎﻔ
ﺪﻬﺘﯾاو و ﻻﺪﻧﻮﻣ ،نﻮﺴﻧﺎﺟ) دﻮﺷ ،5
2014 ﺮﻠﯾﺎﺗ و نﻮﺗاﺮﮔ .(
ﻦﯿﺑ يﺎﻫداﺪﯾور رد ﺖﯿﻘﻓﻮﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧﺪﻘﺘﻌﻣ6
ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﯽﻣﻮﻤﻋ يﻻﺎﮐ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ شزرو زا ﺺﻟﺎﺧ ﻪﺒﻨﺟ ﮏﯾ ﯽﺷزرو ﯽﻠﻠﻤﻟا
ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ رد نﺎﻧاﻮﺟ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﺖﮐرﺎﺸﻣ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻪﮑﻠﺑ ،ﺖﺳا ﻪﯿﺣور ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﻪﻧ ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ .ﺖﺳا ﯽﺷزرو يﺎﻫ
ﮏﯾﻮﮐ ﮏﻣ و يوار
7) 2014 (
ﯽﻣ لﻻﺪﺘﺳا ﻦﯿﺑ ﯽﺷزرو يﺎﻫداﺪﯾور ﯽﻧﺎﺑﺰﯿﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﮐ
هﺪﻤﻋ ﺶﻘﻧ ﯽﻠﻠﻤﻟا ﺖّﻠﻣ ﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ ﺪﺷر و ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ رد يا
ﯽﻣ ﺎﻔﯾا يزﺎﺳ نوﺪﺑ تﺎﻘﺑﺎﺴﻣ ﻦﯾا .ﺪﻨﻨﮐ
؛نﺎﻨﮑﯾزﺎﺑ ﻪﻧ ار تﺎﻘﺑﺎﺴﻣ ﻦﯾا هﺎﮕﯾﺎﺟ و ﺖﯿﺑاﺬﺟ ﯽﻨﻌﯾ ،ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﭻﯿﻫ نﺎﺸﻧاراداﻮﻫ ﯽﻣ نﺎﺸﻧاراداﻮﻫ ﻪﮑﻠﺑ
رد .ﺪﻧزﺎﺳ ﻊﻗاو شزرو نراداﻮﻫ ﻦﯾا ،
ﻢﯿﺗ و ﯽﺷزرو تﺎﻘﺑﺎﺴﻣ زا ﺖﯾﺎﻤﺣ ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﯽﻣ ﻻﺎﺑ ار ﯽﺷزرو تﺎﻘﺑﺎﺴﻣ هﺎﮕﯾﺎﺟ ،دﻮﺧ ﻪّﻗﻼﻋ درﻮﻣ يﺎﻫ
ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ شزرو مﻮﻬﻔﻣ و ﺪﻧﺮﺑ
ﯽﻣ ﻞﮑﺷ ار ﯽﻣﻮﻤﻋ يﻻﺎﮐ .ﺪﻨﻫد
ﯽﻟﺎﻤﺘﺣا ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا شور زا ﯽﻣﻮﻤﻋ يﺎﻫﻻﺎﮐ شزرا دروآﺮﺑ ياﺮﺑ ﯽﻣ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا8
شور .دﻮﺷ شزرا
يراﺬﮔ ﺣا ﯽﻟﺎﻤﺘ ﻪﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﯽﮑﯾ زا شور يﺎﻫ
دراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا ياﺮﺑ شزرا يراﺬﮔ يﺎﻫﻻﺎﮐ ﺎﻬﻧآ لﺎﺒﻗ رد ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ مدﺮﻣ ﺖﺧادﺮﭘ ﻪﺑ ﻞﯾﺎﻤﺗ و ﺖﯾﺎﻤﺣ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ و سﻮﻤﻠﻣﺎﻧ ﻪﺑ
رﺎﮐ ﯽﻣ ﮏﺑ) دور
ﺮﮕﻠﯾد و ﻞﯿﺒﻨﮐ ،9
2015 (.
سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ ﺮﻈﻧ
نﻮﺳرﺎﮐ
10 ) 2011 (،
ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا ﯽﻟﺎﻤﺘﺣا ﮏﯾ شور ﯽﻨﺘﺒﻣ ﺮﺑ ﯽﺠﻨﺳﺮﻈﻧ ﺖﺳا
ﻪﮐ ﺐﻠﻏا ياﺮﺑ راﺮﻗ نداد
شزرا ﯽﻟﻮﭘ ﺮﺑ تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ و
ﯽﺗﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﻪﮐ رد رازﺎﺑ ﺪﯾﺮﺧ و شوﺮﻓ ﯽﻤﻧ
،ﺪﻧﻮﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﯽﻣ دﻮﺷ .
،ﯽﻟﺎﻤﺘﺣا ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا شور ناﺰﯿﻣ
شزرا رد صﻮﺼﺧ
يﺎﻫﻻﺎﮐ ﺮﯿﻏ و سﻮﻤﻠﻣﺎﻧ
يرازﺎﺑ هزاﺪﻧا ار يﺮﯿﮔ ﯽﻣ ياﺮﺑ ﻊﻗاو رد و ﺪﻨﮐ ﺺﯿﺨﺸﺗ
ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻞﯾﺎﻤﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺧادﺮﭘ ياﺮﺑ ،داﺮﻓا11
ﯽﺧﺮﺑ زا يﺎﻫﻻﺎﮐ
1. Pitts & Zhang
2. Zhang, Pitts & Kim
3. Hallmann, Breuer
4. Samuelson
5. Johnson, Mondello & Whitehead
6.Graton & Tyler
7. Rowe, Mcguirk
8. CVM
9. BakKenbIill, Dilger
10. Carson
11. WTP
شزرا ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ... ﯽﻧﺎﺑﺰﯿﻣ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺖﺧادﺮﭘ ﻪﺑ ﻞﯾﺎﻤﺗ ناﺰﯿﻣ و ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ رد لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ شزرو سﻮﻤﻠﻣﺎﻧ يﺎﻫ
181
ﺮﯿﻏ يرازﺎﺑ رد ﺖﻬﺟ ﻖﻘﺤﻣ ﻦﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﯽﻀﻌﺑ زا ﻪﯿﺿﺮﻓ ﺎﻫ و ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ رد نﺎﻧآ ﯽﻣ ﻻﺪﻧﻮﻣ و ﺮﮑﻟاو) ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ،1
2007 هدﺮﺘﺴﮔ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ عﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻦﯾا .(
رد يا
ﺰﭽﻧﺎﺳ و ﺎﯿﺳرﺎﮔ ،ﻮﺴﻧﻼﺘﺳﺎﮐ) ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ لﺎﻤﻋا ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ و شزرو رد أﺮﯿﺧا و ﯽﻄﯿﺤﻣ تﺎﻋﻮﺿﻮﻣ درﻮﻣ ،2
2011 و ﺰﯾﺮﻔﻣﻮﻫ ،لﺎﺜﻣ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ .(
نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ )3
2018 يزﺎﺑ ﻪﻨﯿﻣز رد ﯽﯾادﺎﻧﺎﮐ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﮏﯾ ﯽﻟﺎﻤﺘﺣا ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ،(
لﺎﺳ ﯽﻧﺎﺘﺴﻣز ﮏﯿﭙﻤﻟا يﺎﻫ 2010
مﺎﺠﻧا روﻮﮑﻧو رد
ﯽﯾادﺎﻧﺎﮐ ﺖﺧادﺮﭘ ﻪﺑ ﻞﯾﺎﻤﺗ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧداد رد ﯽﯾادﺎﻧﺎﮐ نارﺎﮑﺷزرو ﯽﯾارﺎﮐ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ياﺮﺑ صﺎﺧ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﮏﯾ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻪﺟﻮﺘﻣ و ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا ار ﺎﻫ
ﮏﯿﭙﻤﻟا 2010 ) نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﺮﮑﯾو ﺎﯾ .ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﯽﺣاﺮﻃ روﻮﮑﻧو 2016
ﺖﺧادﺮﭘ ﻪﺑ ﻞﯾﺎﻤﺗ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻪﻨﯿﻣز رد ﯽﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﯽﻟﺎﻤﺘﺣا ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا شور ﺎﺑ ،(
ﻢﯿﺗ ﺖﯿﻘّﻓﻮﻣ ياﺮﺑ نﺎﻤﻟآ مدﺮﻣ ﺖﯿﻘّﻓﻮﻣ ياﺮﺑ يدﺎﯾز ﺖﺧادﺮﭘ ﻪﺑ ﻞﯾﺎﻤﺗ نﺎﻤﻟآ مدﺮﻣ ﺪﻧداد نﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧداد مﺎﺠﻧا ﺎﮕﯿﻠﺳﺪﻧﻮﺑ لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ يﺎﻫ
يﺎﻫ
ﻢﯿﺗ ﯽﺷزرو ﺗﻮﻓ يﺎﻫ
.ﺪﻧراد ﺎﮕﯿﻠﺳﺪﻧﻮﺑ لﺎﺒ ﺪﻬﺘﯾو و نﺎﮔرﻮﻣ
4) 2015 ( ﺖﺧادﺮﭘ ﻪﺑ ﻞﯾﺎﻤﺗ ناﺰﯿﻣ ياﺮﺑ ﯽﻟﺎﻤﺘﺣا ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا شور زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﯽﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ
ﺖﻓﺮﺸﯿﭘ و ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ يدﺎﯾز ﻪﻗﻼﻋ ﯽﯾﺎﮑﯾﺮﻣآ يﺎﻫراﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ و ﺪﻧداد مﺎﺠﻧا لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ نﺎﻨﮑﯾزﺎﺑ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺎﮑﯾﺮﻣآ مدﺮﻣ ﻢﯿﺗ و نﺎﻨﮑﯾزﺎﺑ ﺒﺗﻮﻓ يﺎﻫ
ﻞﯾﺎﻤﺗ ﻪﮐ يﻮﺤﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻧراد دﻮﺧ ﯽﻟﺎ ﺪﻧراد
تﺎﯿﻟﺎﻣ ﻪﻧﻻﺎﺳ راﻮﻧﺎﺧ ار ياﺮﺑ ﻪﺟدﻮﺑ لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﺖﺧادﺮﭘ
ﺪﻨﻨﮐ .
نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﻢﻠﯾو
5) 2019 ﻞﯾﺎﻤﺗ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﺎﺑ ﯽﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ،(
ﻪﺑ ﺖﺧادﺮﭘ ياﺮﺑ ﯽﻧﺎﺑﺰﯿﻣ ﮏﯾ داﺪﯾور گرﺰﺑ ﻦﯿﺑ ﯽﻠﻠﻤﻟا ﻞﺒﻗ و ﺪﻌﺑ زا .ﺪﻧداد مﺎﺠﻧا داﺪﯾور
ﺪﺻرد ﻞﯾﺎﻤﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺧادﺮﭘ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻦﯿﻨﮐﺎﺳ زا 3 / 39 ﺪﺻرد ﻞﺒﻗ زا داﺪﯾور ﺎﺗ 7 / 29 ﺪﺻرد ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓﻼﺑ ﺲﭘ
زا داﺪﯾور ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ
،دﺮﮐ رد ﯽﻟﺎﺣ ﻪﮐ ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ
ﻞﯾﺎﻤﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺧادﺮﭘ ﻪﺑ رﻮﻃ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﯽﻬﺟﻮﺗ زا 58 /3 ﺎﺗ 45 /4 ورﻮﯾ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺖﻓﺎﯾ ﻪﮐ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا شزرا يراﺬﮔ نﺎﻨﮐﺎﺳ زا 7/
5 ﺎﺗ 8/
5 نﻮﯿﻠﯿﻣ
ورﻮﯾ ﺪﺷ . هوﻼﻋ ﺮﺑ
،ﻦﯾا ﻪﻧﺎﺳر ﺎﻫ و رﻮﻀﺣ رد ﻦﯾا داﺪﯾور ﺶﻘﻧ ﯽﻤﻬﻣ رد ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻞﯾﺎﻤﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺧادﺮﭘ نﺎﻨﮐﺎﺳ يزﺎﺑ ﯽﻣ ﺪﻨﮐ . داﺮﺑ و
نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ
6)8 201 ( يزﺎﺑ رد لاﺪﻣ ﺐﺴﮐ ﺖﯿﻘّﻓﻮﻣ ﯽﻟﺎﻤﺘﺣا شزرا ناﻮﻨﻋ ﺎﺑ ﯽﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ، ﻪﮐ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ .ﺪﻧداد مﺎﺠﻧا ﮏﯿﭙﻤﻟا يﺎﻫ
يزﺎﺑ رد لاﺪﻣ ﺐﺴﮐ رد ﺖﯿﻘّﻓﻮﻣ ﺲﯿﻠﮕﻧا مدﺮﻣ ياﺮﺑ ﮏﯿﭙﻤﻟا يﺎﻫ
ﯽﻣ و دراد يدﺎﯾز شزرا ،ﺖﯾﺎﺿر ،هﺰﯿﮕﻧا ،رﺎﺨﺘﻓا ﺲﺣ دﺎﺠﯾا ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ
ﻪﺘﺷر زا ﺖﯾﺎﻤﺣ ﺖﻬﺟ مدﺮﻣ ﺖﺧادﺮﭘ ﻪﺑ ﻞﯾﺎﻤﺗ ﺮﺑ ﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﻦﯾا و دﻮﺸﺑ ﺲﯿﻠﮕﻧا مدﺮﻣ ياﺮﺑ تﺮﻬﺷ و ﻪﻗﻼﻋ هدﻮﺑ راﺬﮔﺮﺛا ﯽﺷزرو يﺎﻫ
ﺮﮑﯾو .ﺪﻧا
نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و
7) 2017 ﺖﯾﺎﻤﺣ ﻪﻨﯿﻣز رد ﯽﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ( ﯽﻣﻮﻤﻋ
ياﺮﺑ ﯽﻧﺎﺑﺰﯿﻣ يزﺎﺑ يﺎﻫ ا ﮏﯿﭙﻤﻟ ﯽﻧﺎﺘﺴﺑﺎﺗ رد نﺎﻤﻟآ ﺎﺑ دﺮﮑﯾور مﺎﺠﻧا ﯽﻟﺎﻤﺘﺣا ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا
ﻪﮐ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ .ﺪﻧداد 26
ﺪﺻرد ﻪﺑ رﻮﻃ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﻞﯾﺎﻤﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺧادﺮﭘ 51 رﻻد ار نﺎﯿﺑ ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ . ﻞﯾﺎﻤﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺧادﺮﭘ ﻪﺑ رﻮﻃ هدﺮﺘﺴﮔ يا رد ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ
توﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﺖﺳا . رد ﻞﮐ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ
،ﻦﻠﮐ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﻞﯾﺎﻤﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺧادﺮﭘ 100 رﻻد دﻮﺑ . يﺎﯾاﺰﻣ دﻮﻬﺸﻣﺎﻧ نﻮﮔﺎﻧﻮﮔ ،روﺮﻏ سﺎﺴﺣا ،رﺎﺨﺘﻓا ،تﺮﻬﺷ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ
ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ... و دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ،ﺖﯾﺎﺿر ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا
ﻞﯾﺎﻤﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺧادﺮﭘ ﯽﻣ دﻮﺷ . ﺲﺗﻮﮐ و ﺮﮑﯾو
8) 2018 ﻪﻤﻫ ﻪﻨﯿﻣز رد ﻪﮐ ﯽﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ رد ( ﺮﻬﺷ مدﺮﻣ زا ﯽﺳﺮﭘ
ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ ﺖﻬﺟ گرﻮﺒﻣﺎﻫ يزﺎﺑ زا ﺎﻬﻧآ ﯽﺼﺨﺷ ﺖﯾﺎﻤﺣ هﺪﻨﻨﮐ
د مﺎﺠﻧا گرﻮﺒﻣﺎﻫ لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ ﻢﯿﺗ يﺎﻫ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧﺪﯿﺳر ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ ﻦﯾا ﻪﺑ ﺪﻧدا
،ندﻮﺑ ﻮﮕﻟا يﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ
،دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ،ندﺮﮐ ﺖﺒﺤﺻ ،رﺎﺨﺘﻓا
،هﺰﯿﮕﻧا ﺖﯾﺎﺿر ،ﻪﻗﻼﻋ و
تﺮﻬﺷ ﺶﯿﭘ داﺮﻓا ﺖﺧادﺮﭘ ﻪﺑ ﻞﯾﺎﻤﺗ ناﺰﯿﻣ يﻮﻗ هﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﯽﻨﯿﺑ
هدﻮﺑ .ﺪﻧا هوﺮﮔ و ﻪﻓﺮﻣ داﺮﻓا ﻢﯿﺗ زا ﺖﯾﺎﻤﺣ ﺖﻬﺟ يﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﺖﺧادﺮﭘ ﻪﺑ ﻞﯾﺎﻤﺗ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ تﻼﯿﺼﺤﺗ و ﻻﺎﺑ ﺪﻣآرد ﺢﻄﺳ ﺎﺑ يﺎﻫ
گرﻮﺒﻣﺎﻫ لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ
ﻪﺘﺷاد ﻦﯿﺑ ﯽﻨﺳ يﺎﻫ هوﺮﮔ و ناﻮﺟ داﺮﻓا ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ و ﺪﻧا 20
ﺎﺗ 30 ﻦﺴﻣ داﺮﻓا ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ لﺎﺳ ﻦﯾا ﺖﯿﻘّﻓﻮﻣ ﺖﻬﺟ يﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﺖﺧادﺮﭘ ﻪﺑ ﻞﯾﺎﻤﺗ ﺮﺗ
ﻪﺘﺷاد ﻢﯿﺗ ﮏﯾﺮﻓ .ﺪﻧا و
ﺮﮑﯾو
9) 2017 ( شزرا ﯽﮑﺳا تﺎﻘﺑﺎﺴﻣ ﯽﻧﺎﺑﺰﯿﻣ ﻦﯾﺎﭙﻟآ
ياﺮﺑ مدﺮﻣ ﺶﯾﺮﺗا : ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻞﯾﺎﻤﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺧادﺮﭘ رد تﺎﻘﺑﺎﺴﻣ ﯽﻧﺎﻣﺮﻬﻗ
نﺎﻬﺟ 2017 ار ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ . ﺎﺒﯾﺮﻘﺗ 29 ﺪﺻرد و 20 ﺪﺻرد زا ﺦﺳﺎﭘ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻫد ناﺰﯿﻣ
ﻞﯾﺎﻤﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺧادﺮﭘ ﯽﺘﺒﺜﻣ ار ياﺮﺑ ﯽﻧﺎﺑﺰﯿﻣ و ﺖﯾﺎﻤﺣ
ﻪﻧﺎﻫﺎﻣ زا نارﺎﮑﺷزرو ﯽﮑﺳا
رد ﯽﻃ ﮏﯾ هرود 5 ﻪﻟﺎﺳ شراﺰﮔ ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ . هوﺮﮔ ﻦﯿﺑ ﯽﻨﺳ يﺎﻫ 20
ﺎﺗ 25 و لﺎﺳ 26 ﺎﺗ 30 ﻪﺑ لﺎﺳ رﻮﻃ ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ
1. Walker & Mondello
2. Castellanos, Garcıa & Sanchez
3. Humphreys and et al
4. Morgan & Whitehead
5. Willem, de Boer, Ruud, Koning, Jochen, Mierau
6. Brad, Bruce, Daniel & John
7. Wicker, CWhitehead, Mason, Johnson
8.Wicker & Coates
9. Frick & Wicker
ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻞﯾﺎﻤﺗ ياﺮﺑ ﺖﺧادﺮﭘ 8 ورﻮﯾ و هوﺮﮔ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻻﺎﺑ يﺪﻣآرد ﺢﻄﺳ ﺎﺑ يﺎﻫ ﻞﯾﺎﻤﺗ
ياﺮﺑ ﺖﺧادﺮﭘ 25 ورﻮﯾ ياﺮﺑ ﺖﯾﺎﻤﺣ نارﺎﮑﺷزرو
،ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد ار
رد ﯽﻟﺎﺣ ﻪﮐ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻞﯾﺎﻤﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺧادﺮﭘ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ ﺖﯿﻤﻫا يﺎﻫﻻﺎﮐ
،ﯽﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ يدﺎﺷ زا ﺖﯿﻘّﻓﻮﻣ ﯽﺷزرو .دﻮﺑ
ﻪﺑ رﻮﻃ شزرا ﯽﻠﮐ ﻪﺘﺳد ود ﻪﺑ يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا يﺎﻫ
شزرا ﯽﺳﺎﺳا شزرا و سﻮﻤﻠﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﯽﻣ ﻢﯿﺴﻘﺗ سﻮﻤﻠﻣﺎﻧ يﺎﻫ شزرا .ددﺮﮔ
ﻞﻣﺎﺷ سﻮﻤﻠﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﻪﺒﺷ و يرﺎﯿﺘﺧا ،ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣﺮﯿﻏ شزرا ،ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣ سﻮﻤﻠﻣ شزرا ﺮﯿﻏ شزرا .ﺖﺳا يرﺎﯿﺘﺧا
شزرا و ﯽﺘﺳودﺮﺸﺑ شزرا ،يدﻮﺟو شزرا ﻞﻣﺎﺷ سﻮﻤﻠﻣ
ﻫ ﻻﺎﮐ ﮏﯾ فﺮﺼﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا شزرا فرﺎﻌﺘﻣ ﺖﻤﺴﻗ ،سﻮﻤﻠﻣ شزرا .ﺖﺳا ﯽﺛاﺮﯿﻣ ﺖﯿﺑﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺐﺟﻮﻣ سﻮﻤﻠﻣﺮﯿﻏ شزرا .ﺖﺳا هاﺮﻤ
ﯽﻣ دﺮﻓ رد ،ددﺮﮔ ﯽﻟﺎﺣ نﻮﺳواد و ﻮﮕﻧﻻ ،نﻮﺘﻟاو) .... و رﺎﺨﺘﻓا ،روﺮﻏ سﺎﺴﺣا ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ،ﺖﺳا هدﺮﮑﻧ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﯽﯾﻻﺎﮐ زا دﺮﻓ ﻪﮐ ،1
2008 .(
ﯽﻧﺎﺑﺰﯿﻣ
شزرا ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﯽﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا يدراﻮﻣ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ زا ﯽﺷزرو يﺎﻫداﺪﯾور مدﺮﻣ ياﺮﺑ ار ﯽﺳﻮﻤﻠﻣﺎﻧ يﺎﻫ
رد ﯽﻤﻬﻣ ﺶﻘﻧ و ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷاد هاﺮﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ
نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ زا يدﺎﯾز داﺪﻌﺗ ﻪﻟﺎﺳ ﻪﻤﻫ .ﺪﻧراد هﺪﻬﻋ ﺮﺑ يزوﺮﻣا ﻊﻣاﻮﺟ ﯽﻣ ﯽﮔدﺎﻣآ مﻼﻋا ﯽﺷزرو يﺎﻫداﺪﯾور ﯽﻧﺎﺑﺰﯿﻣ ياﺮﺑ ﺎﻫرﻮﺸﮐ و ﺎﻫﺮﻬﺷ ،ﺎﻫ
؛ﺪﻨﻨﮐ
ﯽﻣ ﻢﮐ داﺪﻌﺗ ﻦﯿﻤﻫ ﯽﻟو ،دراد دﻮﺟو داﺪﯾور ﯽﻤﮐ داﺪﻌﺗ ﻪﭼﺮﮔا نﺎﺑﺰﯿﻣ ياﺮﺑ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ
هدﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﺪﯾاﻮﻓ ا
رد .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷاد لﺎﺒﻧد ﻪﺑ ار ي ﺖﺑﺎﻗر ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ
ﺖﺒﺜﻣ تاﺮﺛا و شزرو ﻪﺑ مدﺮﻣ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ،ﯽﺷزرو يﺎﻫداﺪﯾور يراﺬﮔﺮﺑ نﺎﻣز رد .ﺖﺳا هدﺮﮐ اﺪﯿﭘ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﯽﺷزرو داﺪﯾور ﯽﻧﺎﺑﺰﯿﻣ ﻖﺣ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ياﺮﺑ ﯽﻣ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا نآ رو يرادﺮﺑﻮﮕﻟا و ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ رﺎﺸﻗا ﻦﯿﺑ رد شزرو ﻪﺑ ﻦﺘﺧادﺮﭘ ياﺮﺑ هﺰﯿﮕﻧا دﺎﺠﯾا و ﺪﺑﺎﯾ
ﻦﯿﺣ رد ناﻮﺟ و ناﻮﺟﻮﻧ نارﺎﮑﺷز
هرﺎﺘﺳ و نﺎﻧﺎﻣﺮﻬﻗ زا ﯽﺷزرو يﺎﻫداﺪﯾور يراﺬﮔﺮﺑ ﯽﻣ دﻮﺧ ﻪﻗﻼﻋ درﻮﻣ ﯽﺷزرو يﺎﻫ
ﻪﺑ .دﻮﺷ رﻮﻃ يﺎﻫداﺪﯾور ﯽﻧﺎﺑﺰﯿﻣ و شزرو ﻪﺑ ﻦﺘﺧادﺮﭘ ،ﯽﻠﮐ
ﺪﻨﻨﮐراﺬﮔﺮﺑ ياﺮﺑ ﯽﺑﺮﺠﺗ و ﯽﻐﯿﻠﺒﺗ ،يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا تاﺮﻤﺛ و ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ مدﺮﻣ ياﺮﺑ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا و ﯽﻧاور ،ﯽﻨﻓ ﺪﯿﻔﻣ تاﺮﺛا ﯽﺷزرو ﺪﯾاﻮﻓ ﺖﯾﺎﻬﻧ رد و نﺎﮔ
دروآﺮﺑ .دراد ﯽﺷزرو تﺎﻧﺎﮑﻣا و تﺎﺴﯿﺳﺎﺗ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ رد يدﺎﯾز شزرا
ﻊﻓﺎﻨﻣ ﯽﺳﻮﻤﻠﻣﺎﻧ ﻪﮐ
ياﺮﺑ لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ ﯽﺷزرو ﻪﺘﺷر ﯽﺷزرو يﺎﻫداﺪﯾور ﯽﻧﺎﺑﺰﯿﻣ
مدﺮﻣ يﺎﻫﺮﻬﺷ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ
رﻮﺸﮐ دﺎﺠﯾا ﯽﻣ
،ﺪﻨﮐ زا ﺮﻈﻧ يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا و ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﯽﻣ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﺐﻟﺎﺟ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . شزرا يراﺬﮔ يﺎﻫﻻﺎﮐ سﻮﻤﻠﻣﺎﻧ ﯽﻣﻮﻤﻋ
ﻪﺑ ﻦﯾا ﯽﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﻦﮑﻤﻣ ﺖﺳا ﻦﯾا ﺎﻫﻻﺎﮐ ار فﺮﺼﻣ داﺮﻓا ﺪﻨﻨﮐ
نوﺪﺑ نآ ﻪﮐ ياﺮﺑ فﺮﺼﻣ دﻮﺧ ﻪﺘﺷاد ﺖﺧادﺮﭘ .ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ
،لﺎﺜﻣ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ
يﺎﻫداﺪﯾور ﯽﻧﺎﺑﺰﯿﻣ داﺮﻓا ﻪﮐ دﻮﺷ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﺖﺳا ﻦﮑﻤﻣ لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ ﻪﺘﺷر ﺮﺒﺘﻌﻣ
ةرﺎﺑرد ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻢﯿﺗ
بﻮﺒﺤﻣ دﻮﺧ
،ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﻮﮔو ﺖﻔﮔ نآ
ار ﻖﯾﻮﺸﺗ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ و
يزوﺮﯿﭘ ﻫ يﺎ نآ ﻦﺸﺟ ار
،ﺪﻧﺮﯿﮕﺑ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺖﯾﺎﺿر ناﺪﻧوﺮﻬﺷ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا
ﺪﻨﮐ اﺪﯿﭘ و ﻦﯾا ياﺮﺑ ﯽﺘﺧادﺮﭘ و ﻪﻨﯾﺰﻫ ﭻﯿﻫ نوﺪﺑ سﻮﻤﻠﻣﺎﻧ يﺎﻫدروﺎﺘﺳد
ﺪﯾﺎﯿﺑ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ ﺎﻬﻧآ .
ﻪﺻﺮﻋ رد لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ ﻪﺘﺷر ﯽﺷزرو يﺎﻫداﺪﯾور ﯽﻧﺎﺑﺰﯿﻣ سﻮﻤﻠﻣﺎﻧ تاﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ رﺪﻘﭼ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ مدﺮﻣ ﻪﮑﻨﯾا ﺎﻤﻠﺴﻣ ﻦﯿﺑ يﺎﻫ
كرد ار ﯽﻠﻠﻤﻟا
ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻪﭼ ﻪﺑ و هدﺮﮐ ﯽﻣ ،ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷاد ﺖﺧادﺮﭘ ﻪﺑ ﻞﯾﺎﻤﺗ ﯽﻧﺎﺑﺰﯿﻣ ﻦﯾا زا ﺖﯾﺎﻤﺣ ياﺮﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ
ﯽﻧﺎﺑﺰﯿﻣ ﻪﮑﻨﯾا .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺖﯿﻤﻫا ﺰﺋﺎﺣ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ
يﺎﻫداﺪﯾور ﯽﺷزرو
ﻪﺘﺷر لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ يﺎﻫدروﺎﺘﺳد ﻦﯾا لﺎﺒﻗ رد هزاﺪﻧا ﻪﭼ ﺎﺗ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ مدﺮﻣ و دراد ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ داﺮﻓا يور ﺮﺑ ار ﯽﺳﻮﻤﻠﻣﺎﻧ تاﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ ﻪﭼ
زا ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ سﻮﻤﻠﻣﺎﻧ هﮋﯾو هﺎﮕﻧ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﮐ ﺐﯿﻏﺮﺗ ار رﻮﺸﮐ شزرو نﻻﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﯽﻣ ؛ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﺖﯾﺎﻤﺣ ﺎﻫداﺪﯾور ﯽﻧﺎﺑﺰﯿﻣ
ﯽﻧﺎﺑﺰﯿﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ يﺮﺗ
ﺪﻨﺷﻮﮑﺑ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ مدﺮﻣ ﺖﯾﺎﻤﺣ و ﻪﻗﻼﻋ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﺘﻣ نآ ﺖﻓﺮﺸﯿﭘ و ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﻨﯿﻣز رد ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ و ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷاد رﻮﺸﮐ رد ﺮﺒﺘﻌﻣ ﯽﺷزرو يﺎﻫداﺪﯾور زرو يﺎﻫداﺪﯾور ﯽﻧﺎﺑﺰﯿﻣ ﻪﻨﯿﻣز و ﺖﻠﻣ مﺎﺟ رد ًﺎﺻﻮﺼﺨﻣ ،ﯽﺷ
ﺖﺳا يرﻮﻣا مﺎﺠﻧا رﻮﺸﮐ نﻻﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﯽﻠﺻا فﺪﻫ ﻪﮐاﺮﭼ ،ﺪﻧروآ ﻢﻫاﺮﻓ ار ﺎﯿﺳآ يﺎﻫ
ﯽﻣ نﺎﻐﻣرا ﻪﺑ ﺎﻬﻧآ ياﺮﺑ ار يدﺎﺷ و نﺎﺠﯿﻫ و دراد ﺎﻬﻧآ ﯽﮔﺪﻧز يور ﺮﺑ يﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ تاﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ و ﺖﺳا مدﺮﻣ ﻪﻗﻼﻋ درﻮﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺐﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ .دروآ
ﻦﯾا رد ﯽﻤﻠﻋ تﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ناﺪﻘﻓ و هﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻔﮔ لﺎﺳ رد لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ ﺮﺒﺘﻌﻣ يﺎﻫداﺪﯾور ﯽﻧﺎﺑﺰﯿﻣ ناﺮﯾا رﻮﺸﮐ ﻪﮑﻨﯾا ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ و رﻮﺸﮐ ﻞﺧاد رد ﻪﻨﯿﻣز
يﺎﻫ
ﮏﭼﻮﮐ يﺎﻫداﺪﯾور ﯽﻧﺎﺑﺰﯿﻣ و رود لﺎﺳ رد ﺮﺗ
ﻪﺘﺷاد ار ﮏﯾدﺰﻧ يﺎﻫ
،ﺪﻧا شزرا دﻮﺷ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﻦﯾا ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ مﺎﺠﻧا زا فﺪﻫ سﻮﻤﻠﻣﺎﻧ يﺎﻫ
مﻮﻤﻋ ياﺮﺑ لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ ﻪﺘﺷر ﯽﺷزرو يﺎﻫداﺪﯾور ﯽﻧﺎﺑﺰﯿﻣ ﻦﯾا ﯽﻧﺎﺑﺰﯿﻣ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ مدﺮﻣ ﺖﺧادﺮﭘ ﻪﺑ ﻞﯾﺎﻤﺗ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺎﺑ نآ ﻪﻄﺑار و ﺪﻨﻣاﺪﮐ مدﺮﻣ
؟ﺖﺳا ﻪﻧﻮﮕﭼ ﺎﻫداﺪﯾور
1. Walton, Longo & Dawson
شزرا ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ... ﯽﻧﺎﺑﺰﯿﻣ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺖﺧادﺮﭘ ﻪﺑ ﻞﯾﺎﻤﺗ ناﺰﯿﻣ و ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ رد لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ شزرو سﻮﻤﻠﻣﺎﻧ يﺎﻫ
183
شور ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷ
شور ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ رد ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﯽﻔﯿﺻﻮﺗ ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺘﺳد
تﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ يدﺮﺑرﺎﮐ راﺮﻗ دراد و ﻪﺑ ترﻮﺻ ﯽﻧاﺪﯿﻣ ﯽﻣ رد ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
هﺎﻣ يد ﯽﻧﺎﻣز هدوﺪﺤﻣ 1398
ﺎﺗ هﺎﻣ نﺎﺑآ 1399 ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا .
ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ يرﺎﻣآ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ رﺎﺸﻗا ﻪﯿﻠﮐ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ مدﺮﻣ
نﺎﺘﺳا رﻮﺸﮐ ﯽﻟﺎﻤﺷ يﺎﻫ زا
ﻪﺘﺳر و تﺎﻘﺒﻃ ﻪﮐ ﯽﻠﻐﺷ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ
هﺪﻨﯾﺎﻤﻧ ماﺪﮐ ﺮﻫ رﺎﮑﻓا
ﯽﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﺮﻬﺷ يﺎﻫ درﻮﻣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﺑ ،ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ داﺪﻌﺗ
دوﺪﺤﻣﺎﻧ ﯽﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻞﯾﺎﻤﺗ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ
نآ ﺖﺧادﺮﭘ ﺷزرو يﺎﻫداﺪﯾور ﯽﻧﺎﺑﺰﯿﻣ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺎﻫ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ شور .ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ ﻪﺘﺷر رد ﺮﺒﺘﻌﻣ ﯽ يﺮﯿﮔ
ﻪﺷﻮﺧ ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ و يا
يا
سﺎﺳاﺮﺑ .ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ يروآ ﻊﻤﺟ زﺎﯿﻧ درﻮﻣ تﺎﻋﻼﻃا هدﺎﺳ ﯽﻓدﺎﺼﺗ ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ و ﺖﺳا لوﺪﺟ
نﺎﮔرﻮﻣ ﻢﺠﺣ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ
،مزﻻ 385 ﺮﻔﻧ ﺮﻫ ياﺮﺑ
ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ ﻪﺷﻮﺧ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ
. زا ﻪﮐ ترﻮﺻ ﻦﯾا ﻪﺑ نﺎﺘﺳا نﺎﯿﻣ
ﯽﻟﺎﻤﺷ يﺎﻫ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ،نﻼﯿﮔ ،نﺎﺘﺴﻠﮔ ،ناﺮﻬﺗ نﺎﺘﺳا ﻪﺳ يﺮﻬﺷ ﺰﮐاﺮﻣ ،رﻮﺸﮐ
عﻮﻤﺠﻣ رد و ﺪﻧﺪﺷ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ 1155
تﺎﻋﻼﻃا ﺖﯾﺎﻬﻧ رد ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﯾ ﺮﻔﻧ 1140
.ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ ﺮﻔﻧ
ﺖﻬﺟ ﻊﻤﺟ يروآ تﺎﻋﻼﻃا ﺶﺳﺮﭘ زا ﻪﻣﺎﻧ ﺮﮑﯾو ﺖﺧادﺮﭘ ﻪﺑ ﻞﯾﺎﻤﺗ و
نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ ) 2016 ( ﻪﮐ ، ياراد 15 ﺖﺳا لاﻮﺳ و
13 ﻪﻔﻟﻮﻣ شزرو سﻮﻤﻠﻣﺎﻧ
ﯽﻣ ار ﺶﺳﺮﭘ ﻦﯾا .ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ،ﺪﺠﻨﺳ نآ ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺎﭘ و ﯽﯾاور و ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا درﻮﻣ رﻮﺸﮐ زا جرﺎﺧ رد ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ تﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ رد ﻪﻣﺎﻧ
)نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و داﺮﺑ ،لﺎﺜﻣ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ .ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ شراﺰﮔ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ 2019
)نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﺰﯾﺮﻔﻣﻮﻫ و ( 2018
تﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ رد ،(
ﺶﺳﺮﭘ ﻦﯾا زا دﻮﺧ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻪﻣﺎﻧ
هدﺮﮐ ﺶﺳﺮﭘ ﻦﯾا .ﺪﻧا ﻦﯿﻟوا ياﺮﺑ رﻮﺸﮐ ﻞﺧاد رد ﻪﻣﺎﻧ
ﯽﻣ راﺮﻗ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا درﻮﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا رﺎﺑ ﯽﯾاور درﻮﻣ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﯿﻘﻘﺤﻣ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ .دﺮﯿﮔ
ﯽﺠﻨﺳ
ﺶﺳﺮﭘ ﯽﯾاﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﯽﯾاور .ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﻣﺎﻧ
8 و ﯽﺷزرو ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﺪﯿﺗﺎﺳا زا ﺮﻔﻧ ﯽﯾاور
هزﺎﺳ نآ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ ﯽﻠﻣﺎﻋ ،ﺪﺷ ﺪﯿﯾﺎﺗ يﺪﯿﯾﺎﺗ
ﻪﺑ يرﻮﻃ دراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا دﺪﻋ زا ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ تﻻاﻮﺳ ﻪﻤﻫ ﯽﻠﻣﺎﻋ رﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ 40
/0 ﻪﻔﻟﻮﻣ و تﻻاﻮﺳ ﻪﻤﻫ و دﻮﺑ ﺶﺳﺮﭘ يﺎﻫ
ﺶﺳﺮﭘ ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺎﭘ .ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﺪﯿﯾﺎﺗ ﻪﻣﺎﻧ ﻪﻣﺎﻧ
خﺎﺒﻧوﺮﮐ يﺎﻔﻟآ ﻪﻠﯿﺳو ﻪﺑ ﺰﯿﻧ 84
/ 0 ﺖﻬﺟ .ﺪﺷ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ
هداد ﺎﻫ زا شور يﺎﻫ رﺎﻣآ ﯽﻃﺎﺒﻨﺘﺳا زا
ﻞﯿﺒﻗ ﺠﻟ نﻮﯿﺳﺮﮔر و ﮏﯿﺘﺴ
نﻮﯿﺳﺮﮔر
ﻪﺑ ﯽﺼﯿﺨﺸﺗ ﮏﯿﺘﺴﺠﻟ ﮏﻤﮐ
مﺮﻧ راﺰﻓا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳاSpss
ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ .
ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ يﺎﻫ
ﺎﺘﻧ ﺞﯾ ﺖﯿﻌﻤﺟ ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ نﺎﺸﻧ داد ﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺮﺘﺸﯿ رﺎﻣآ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ي
ﻘﺤﺗ ﻖﯿ ﮑﺸﺗ نادﺮﻣ ار ﻞﯿ
هداد ) ﺪﻧا 6/
53 ﺪﺻرد ( ﻞﯿﮑﺸﺗ نﺎﻧز ار نﺎﻧآ داﺪﻌﺗ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻤﮐ و
هداد ) ﺪﻧا 4/
46 (ﺪﺻرد ﺼﺤﺗ ظﺎﺤﻟ زا .
؛تﻼﯿ ﺑ ﺮﺘﺸﯿ رﺎﻣآ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ي
اراد ي ﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﮐ كرﺪﻣ ﯽ
هدﻮﺑ ) ﺪﻧا 5/
37 ( كرﺪﻣ ياراد نﺎﻧآ داﺪﻌﺗ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻤﮐ ،
هدﻮﺑ يﺮﺘﮐد ) ﺪﻧا
0/
12 ،(ﺪﺻرد 3/
18 و ﺮﺗ ﻦﯿﯾﺎﭘ و ﯽﻧادرﺎﮐ كرﺪﻣ ياراد ﺪﺻرد 2/
32 هدﻮﺑ ﺪﺷرا ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﮐ كرﺪﻣ ياراد ﺪﺻرد .ﺪﻧا
ﺑ ﺮﺘﺸﯿ
رﺎﻣآ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ي
ﻘﺤﺗ ﻖﯿ ﻨﺳ هدر رد ﯽ
زا ﺮﺘﻤﮐ 25 ) لﺎﺳ 5/
31 ﺪﺻرد ( ﯽﻨﺳ هدر ياراد ﺎﻬﻧآ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻤﮐ و 46
هدﻮﺑ ﻻﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ لﺎﺳ ) ﺪﻧا
5/
15 ،(ﺪﺻرد
2/
29 ﯽﻨﺳ ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ ياراد ﺪﺻرد 26
- 35 و لﺎﺳ 8/
23 ﯽﻨﺳ ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ ياراد ﺪﺻرد 36
- 45 هدﻮﺑ لﺎﺳ .ﺪﻧا ﺑ ﺮﺘﺸﯿ رﺎﻣآ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ي
ﺑ ﺪﻣآرد ﻦﯿ 2 -
4 نﻮﯿﻠﯿﻣ ﻪﺘﺷاد ) ﺪﻧا 4/
36 ﺪﻣآرد ﺎﻬﻧآ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻤﮐ و (ﺪﺻرد 6
ﻪﺘﺷاد ﻻﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ نﻮﯿﻠﯿﻣ ) ﺪﻧا
8/
13 ،(ﺪﺻرد 1/
20 زا ﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﺪﻣآرد ﺪﺻرد 2
و نﻮﯿﻠﯿﻣ 7/
29
ﻦﯿﺑ ﺪﻣآرد ﺪﺻرد 4
- 6 ﻪﺘﺷاد نﻮﯿﻠﯿﻣ .ﺪﻧا
ﺎﺘﻧ ﺞﯾ ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﯽﻔﯿﺻﻮﺗ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ يﺎﻫ
ﻪﮐ 8/
81 ﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ ﺪﻘﺘﻌﻣ ﺪﺻرد ﯽﻧﺎﺑﺰﯿ
ور يﺎﻫداﺪﯾ ﺷزرو ﯽ اﺮﺑ ي رﺎﺒﺘﻋا ﺎﻬﻧآ رﻮﺸﮐ
ﺑ ﻦﯿ ﻠﻠﻤﻟا ﯽ ﻣ نﺎﻐﻣرا ﻪﺑ ﯽ
.دروآ 5/
73 ﻣ ﺪﺻرد ﺪﻘﺘﻌ ﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧا ﯽﻧﺎﺑﺰﯿ ور ﺎﻫداﺪﯾ ﺷزرو تﺎﻧﺎﮑﻣا و هﺎﮕﺷزرو ﻦﺘﺷاد ﺲﺣ ﺎﻬﻧآ ﻪﺑ ﯽ
ﻣ ار بﻮﺧ ﯽ
.ﺪﻫد
7/
60 ﻣ زا ﺪﺻرد ﯽﻧﺎﺑﺰﯿ
ور ﺎﻫداﺪﯾ سﺎﺴﺣا ﺎﺿر ﺖﯾ ﭘ اﺪﯿ ﻣ ﯽ .ﺪﻨﻨﮐ 5/
65 ﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺪﺻرد ﯽﻧﺎﺑﺰﯿ
ور ﺎﻫداﺪﯾ ﻘﻓﻮﻣ سﺎﺴﺣا ﺖﯿ
ﻣ ﯽ ،ﺪﻨﻨﮐ 4/
48 ﺎﺑ ﺪﺻرد
ﻣ ﯽﻧﺎﺑﺰﯿ ور ﺎﻫداﺪﯾ ﮕﻧا هﺰﯿ ﺷ ﻦﺘﺷاد هﻮﯿ ﮔﺪﻧز ﯽ ﭘ ﻢﻟﺎﺳ اﺪﯿ ﻣ ﯽ ،ﺪﻨﻨﮐ 8/
70 ﻣ زا ﺪﺻرد ﯽﻧﺎﺑﺰﯿ
ور ﺎﻫداﺪﯾ ﻣ رﺎﺨﺘﻓا سﺎﺴﺣا ﯽ
،ﺪﻨﻨﮐ 2/
66 ﺪﺻرد
ﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧﺪﻘﺘﻌﻣ ﯽﻧﺎﺑﺰﯿ
ور ﺎﻫداﺪﯾ شﻮﺧ و تﺮﻬﺷ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻣﺎﻧ
ﯽ ﻧﺎﻬﺟ حﻮﻄﺳ رد نﺎﺷرﻮﺸﮐ ﯽ
ﻣ ﯽ ،دﻮﺷ 3/
52 ﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺪﺻرد ﯽﻧﺎﺑﺰﯿ
ور ﺎﻫداﺪﯾ سﺎﺴﺣا
دﺎﺷ ي ﻣ ﯽ ،ﺪﻨﻨﮐ 2/
55 ﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺪﺻرد ﯽﻧﺎﺑﺰﯿ
ور ﺎﻫداﺪﯾ ﻪﻗﻼﻋ ﺗ ار نآ و ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺪﻨﻣ ﻮﺸ
ﻖﯾ ﻣ ﯽ .ﺪﻨﻨﮐ 8/
49 ﺑ ﺪﺻرد نﺎﯿ ﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ ﯽﻧﺎﺑﺰﯿ
ور ﺎﻫداﺪﯾ
،ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ دﻮﺧ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ تﺎﺳﺎﺴﺣا هﺪﻨﻫد بﺎﺗزﺎﺑ 3/
59 ﺪﻘﺘﻌﻣ ﺪﺻرد ﻣ ﺪﻧا
ﯿ ﻧﺎﺑﺰ ﯽ ور ﺎﻫداﺪﯾ ﻠﻣﺎﻋ ﯽ اﺮﺑ ي ﻮﺸﺗ ﻖﯾ ﻣ ناﻮﺟ ﻞﺴﻧ ﯽ
،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ 6/
85 ﻪﺑ ﺪﺻرد
ﻣ درﻮﻣ رد ﻢﻈﻨﻣ رﻮﻃ ﯽﻧﺎﺑﺰﯿ
ور ﺎﻫداﺪﯾ ﻣ ﺖﺒﺤﺻ نﺎﺸﻧﺎﺘﺳود ﺎﺑ ﯽ
،ﺪﻨﻨﮐ 2/
65 دﺮﮐ ﺮﮐذ ﺪﺻرد ﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧ
ﯽﻧﺎﺑﺰﯿ ور ﺎﻫداﺪﯾ ﻮﮕﻟا ي ﻠﻤﻋ ﯽ ﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﯽ
اﺮﺑ ي ﻣ نﺎﻧآ ﯽ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
لوﺪﺟ 1 . ﻣ ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿ ﺎﻤﺗ ﻞﯾ ﻣ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺖﺧادﺮﭘ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻧﺎﺑﺰﯿ
ور ﺎﻫداﺪﯾ
ﺎﺘﻧ ﺞﯾ لوﺪﺟ 1 ﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ . ﯽ ﻠﮐ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻫد
،ﯽ 49 رﺎﻣآ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ زا ﺪﺻرد ي
ﻘﺤﺗ ﻖﯿ ﺎﻤﺗ ﻞﯾ ﻣ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿ
245 / 69 نﺎﻣﻮﺗ راﺰﻫ
ﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻪﺟدﻮﺑ رد دﻮﺧ ﻢﻬﺳ زا ﯽ
ﻣ ﺐﺴﮐ ﺖﻬﺟ ار ﯽﻧﺎﺑﺰﯿ
ور يﺎﻫداﺪﯾ ﺷزرو ﺮﺒﺘﻌﻣ ﯽ
ﺰﻫ ﻪﻨﯾ ،ﺪﻨﻨﮐ 51 ﻫ ﺪﺻرد ﻪﻧﻮﮕﺠﯿ ﺎﻤﺗ ﯽﻠﯾ اﺮﺑ ي ﺖﻬﺟ ﺖﺧادﺮﭘ
ﻣ ﯽﻧﺎﺑﺰﯿ ور ﻫداﺪﯾ ﺎ ي ﻣ ﺷزرو ﺮﺒﺘﻌ ﯽ
ا ﻪﺘﺒﻟا .ﺪﻨﺘﺷاﺪﻧ ﻦﯾ
ﻣ ناﺰﯿ ﺎﻤﺗ ﺪﺻرد و ﻞﯾ
نﺎﺘﺳا مدﺮﻣ و ﺖﺳا توﺎﻔﺘﻣ نﺎﺘﺳا عﻮﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺖﺧادﺮﭘ ﺖﻬﺟ
ﺎﻤﺗ ناﺮﻬﺗ ﻞﯾ
ﺑ يﺮﺘﺸﯿ اﺮﺑ ي ﻣ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺖﺧادﺮﭘ ﯽﻧﺎﺑﺰﯿ
ور يﺎﻫداﺪﯾ ﺷزرو ﺮﺒﺘﻌﻣ ﯽ
ﻪﺘﺷاد .ﺪﻧا
ﺎﺘﻧ سﺎﺳاﺮﺑ ﺞﯾ
هرﺎﻤﺷ لوﺪﺟ 2
ﻣز رد ، ﻪﻨﯿ ﻣ ﯽﻧﺎﺑﺰﯿ ور يﺎﻫداﺪﯾ ﺷزرو ﯽ ﻐﺘﻣ ،ﺮﺒﺘﻌﻣ يﺎﻫﺮﯿ
ﺷزرو تﺎﻧﺎﮑﻣا و هﺎﮕﺷزرو ﻦﺘﺷاد ﺲﺣ ،رﺎﺒﺘﻋا
،ﯽ
ﺎﺿر
،ﺖﯾ ﻘﻓﻮﻣ
،ﺖﯿ ﮕﻧا هﺰﯿ ﺷ ﻦﺘﺷاد هﻮﯿ ﮔﺪﻧز ﯽ ﻟﺎﺤﺷﻮﺧ ،تﺮﻬﺷ ،رﺎﺨﺘﻓا ،ﻢﻟﺎﺳ
،ﯽ ﻮﺸﺗ ،ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ،ﻪﻗﻼﻋ ﻖﯾ
ﻪﻄﺑار ندﻮﺑ ﻮﮕﻟا ،ﺖﺒﺤﺻ ،ناﻮﺟ ﻞﺴﻧ
رادﺎﻨﻌﻣ ي ﭘ ﺎﺑ ﺶﯿ ﺑﯿﻨ ﯽ ﻣ ناﺰﯿ ﺎﻤﺗ ﻞﯾ ﻣ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺖﺧادﺮﭘ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻧﺎﺑﺰﯿ
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻪﺑ ،ﺪﻧراد ا
ي ازا ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ي ﮏﯾ و اﺰﻓا ﺪﺣا ﺶﯾ ا رد ﻦﯾ ﻐﺘﻣ
؛ﺎﻫﺮﯿ ﻣ ناﺰﯿ ﺎﻤﺗ ﻞﯾ
ﻣ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺖﺧادﺮﭘ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻧﺎﺑﺰﯿ
ﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺐﯿ 72 /1 ، 50 /1 ، 11 /1 ، 22 / 1 ، 99 /0 ، 41 /1 ، 44 /1 ، 16 /1 ، 23 / 1 ، 86 /0 ، 92 /0 ، 08 /1 ، 85 /0 ﻣ ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ ﯽ ،دﻮﺷ
رد ﺮﺑ عﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﮐﺎﮐ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ سﺎﺳا
ﻞﺴ ﻣ و ﻞﻨﺳا و ناﺰﯿ
ﺮﺿ ﺐﯾ ﻌﺗ ﻦﯿﯿ ﻐﺘﻣ ،هﺪﺷ ﺮﮐذ يﺎﻫﺮﯿ
ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ردﺎﻗ قﻮﻓ 17
/0 ﻐﺗ تاﺮﯿﯿ ﻣ ناﺰﯿ ﺎﻤﺗ ﻞﯾ ﻪﺑ
ﻣ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺖﺧادﺮﭘ ﯽﻧﺎﺑﺰﯿ
ﺒﺗ ار ﻦﯿﯿ .ﺪﻨﮐ
لوﺪﺟ 2 ﺎﺘﻧ . ﺞﯾ ﺳﺮﮔر نﻮﯿ ﺘﺴﺠﻟ ﮏﯿ ﭘ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺶﯿ ﺑ ﯽﻨﯿ ﺎﻤﺗ ﻞﯾ ﺧادﺮﭘ ﻪﺑ ﺖ
ﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﺖﯿﻘﻓﻮﻣ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺖﺧادﺮﭘ ﻪﺑ ﻞﯾﺎﻤﺗ
EXP(B) Sig
رﺎﺒﺘﻋا 72
/ 1 001
/ 0
ﯽﺷزرو تﺎﻧﺎﮑﻣا و هﺎﮕﺷزرو ﻦﺘﺷاد ﺲﺣ 50
/ 1 001
/ 0
ﺖﯾﺎﺿر 11
/ 1 009
/ 0
ﺖﯿﻘﻓﻮﻣ 22
/ 1 004
/ 0
ﻢﻟﺎﺳ ﯽﮔﺪﻧز هﻮﯿﺷ ﻦﺘﺷاد هﺰﯿﮕﻧا 99
/ 0 01
/ 0
رﺎﺨﺘﻓا 41
/ 1 002
/ 0
تﺮﻬﺷ 44
/ 1 002
/ 0
ﯽﻟﺎﺤﺷﻮﺧ 16
/ 1 008
/ 0
ﻪﻗﻼﻋ 23
/ 1 005
/ 0
ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ 86
/ 0 03
/ 0
ناﻮﺟ ﻞﺴﻧ ﻖﯾﻮﺸﺗ 92
/ 0 03
/ 0
ﺖﺒﺤﺻ 08
/ 1 02
/ 0
ندﻮﺑ ﻮﮕﻟا 85
/ 0 04
/ 0
R2
17 / 0
ﺖﺧادﺮﭘ ﻪﺑ ﻞﯾﺎﻤﺗ ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ
ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ ﺖﺧادﺮﭘ
ﯽﻧﺎﺑﺰﯿﻣ ﺖﻬﺟ ناﺮﻬﺗ نﺎﺘﺳا مدﺮﻣ ﺖﺧادﺮﭘ ﻪﺑ ﻞﯾﺎﻤﺗ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﯽﺷزرو ﺮﺒﺘﻌﻣ يﺎﻫداﺪﯾور
53 / 0 329
/ 77
ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻞﯾﺎﻤﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺧادﺮﭘ مدﺮﻣ نﺎﺘﺳا نﺎﺘﺴﻠﮔ ﺖﻬﺟ ﯽﻧﺎﺑﺰﯿﻣ يﺎﻫداﺪﯾور ﺮﺒﺘﻌﻣ ﯽﺷزرو 51
/ 0 668
/ 69
ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻞﯾﺎﻤﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺧادﺮﭘ مدﺮﻣ نﺎﺘﺳا نﻼﯿﮔ ﺖﻬﺟ ﯽﻧﺎﺑﺰﯿﻣ يﺎﻫداﺪﯾور ﺮﺒﺘﻌﻣ ﯽﺷزرو 45
/ 0 739
/ 60
ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻞﯾﺎﻤﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺧادﺮﭘ ﺖﻬﺟ نﺎﺘﺳا ﻪﺳ ﯽﻠﮐ ﯽﻧﺎﺑﺰﯿﻣ
يﺎﻫداﺪﯾور ﺮﺒﺘﻌﻣ ﯽﺷزرو 49
/ 0 245
/ 69
شزرا ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ... ﯽﻧﺎﺑﺰﯿﻣ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺖﺧادﺮﭘ ﻪﺑ ﻞﯾﺎﻤﺗ ناﺰﯿﻣ و ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ رد لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ شزرو سﻮﻤﻠﻣﺎﻧ يﺎﻫ
185
لوﺪﺟ 3 . ﺎﺘﻧ ﯾ ﺞ ﺳﺮﮔر ﯿ نﻮ ﺘﺴﺠﻟ ﯿ ﮏ ﺨﺸﺗ ﯿ ﺼ ﯽ ﭘ ﺖﻬﺟ ﯿ ﺶ ﺑﯿ ﻨ ﯽ ﺎﻤﺗ ﯾ ﻞ ﺖﺧادﺮﭘ ﻪﺑ
هوﺮﮔ ﺖﯿﻘﻓﻮﻣ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺖﺧادﺮﭘ ﻪﺑ ﻞﯾﺎﻤﺗ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ
EXP(B) Sig
ﺖﯿﺴﻨﺟ دﺮﻣ
49 / 1 002
/ 0
نز 14
/ 1 008
/ 0
تﻼﯿﺼﺤﺗ ﺮﺗ ﻦﯿﯾﺎﭘ و ﯽﻧادرﺎﮐ
02 / 1 01
/ 0
ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﮐ 18
/ 1 009
/ 0
ﺪﺷرا ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﮐ 29
/ 1 003
/ 0
يﺮﺘﮐد 44
/ 1 001
/ 0
ﻦﺳ زا ﺮﺘﻤﮐ
25 لﺎﺳ 40
/ 1 002
/ 0
26 - 35 لﺎﺳ 42
/ 1 002
/ 0
36 - 45 لﺎﺳ 22
/ 1 005
/ 0
46 ﻻﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ لﺎﺳ 88
/ 0 01
/ 0
ﺪﻣآرد زا ﺮﺘﻤﮐ
2 نﻮﯿﻠﯿﻣ 90
/ 0 01
/ 0
2 - 4 نﻮﯿﻠﯿﻣ 99
/ 0 01
/ 0
4 - 6 نﻮﯿﻠﯿﻣ 15
/ 1 007
/ 0
6 ﻻﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ نﻮﯿﻠﯿﻣ 12
/ 1 008
/ 0
ﺮﺑ ﺎﺘﻧ سﺎﺳا ﺞﯾ هرﺎﻤﺷ لوﺪﺟ 3
ازا ﻪﺑ ، ي ﮏﯾ اﺰﻓا ﺪﺣاو ﺶﯾ ﺴﻨﺟ حﻮﻄﺳ رد ﺖﯿ
ﻣ ؛نز و دﺮﻣ ناﺰﯿ
ﺎﻤﺗ ﻞﯾ ﻣ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺖﺧادﺮﭘ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻧﺎﺑﺰﯿ
ور يﺎﻫداﺪﯾ
ﺷزرو ﯽ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺒﺘﻌﻣ ﺗﺮﺗ ﺐﯿ 49 /1 ، 14 / 1 ﻣ ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ ﯽ ازا ﻪﺑ .دﻮﺷ ي
ﮏﯾ اﺰﻓا ﺪﺣاو ﺶﯾ ﺼﺤﺗ حﻮﻄﺳ رد ﯽﻠﯿ
ﻧادرﺎﮐ ﯽ ﺎﭘ و ﻦﯿﯾ ﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﮐ ،ﺮﺗ
،ﯽ ﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﮐ ﯽ -
ﺮﺘﮐد و ﺪﺷرا ي
ﻣ ناﺰﯿ ﺎﻤﺗ ﻞﯾ ﻣ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺖﺧادﺮﭘ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻧﺎﺑﺰﯿ
ور يﺎﻫداﺪﯾ ﺷزرو ﯽ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺒﺘﻌﻣ ﺗﺮﺗ ﺐﯿ 02 /1 ، 18 /1 ، 29 / 1 ، 44 /1 ﻣ ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ ﯽ ازا ﻪﺑ .دﻮﺷ ي
ﮏﯾ اﺰﻓا ﺪﺣاو ﺶﯾ ﻨﺳ حﻮﻄﺳ رد ﯽ
زا ﺮﺘﻤﮐ 25 ،لﺎﺳ 26 - 35 ،لﺎﺳ 36 - 45 و 46 ﻣ ؛ﻻﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ لﺎﺳ ناﺰﯿ
ﺎﻤﺗ ﻞﯾ ﻣ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺖﺧادﺮﭘ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻧﺎﺑﺰﯿ
ور يﺎﻫداﺪﯾ ﺷزرو ﯽ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺒﺘﻌﻣ ﺗﺮﺗ ﺐﯿ 40 / 1،
42 /1 ، 22 / 1 ، 88 /0 ﻣ ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ ﯽ ﻨﭽﻤﻫ .دﻮﺷ ﻦﯿ
ﺮﺑ ﺪﻣآرد حﻮﻄﺳ سﺎﺳا
،ي ازا ﻪﺑ ي ﮏﯾ اﺰﻓا ﺪﺣاو ﺶﯾ
ﺪﻣآرد حﻮﻄﺳ رد ي
زا ﺮﺘﻤﮐ 2 ﻣ
،نﻮﯿﻠﯿ 2 - 4 ﻣ
،نﻮﯿﻠﯿ 4 - 6 ﻣ نﻮﯿﻠﯿ و 6 ﻣ نﻮﯿﻠﯿ ﻣ ؛ﻻﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ ناﺰﯿ ﺎﻤﺗ ﻞﯾ ﻣ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺖﺧادﺮﭘ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻧﺎﺑﺰﯿ
ور يﺎﻫداﺪﯾ
ﺷزرو ﯽ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺒﺘﻌﻣ ﺗﺮﺗ ﺐﯿ 90 /0 ، 99 /0 ، 5/
1 ، ۱۲ ۱/ ﻣ ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ ﯽ .دﻮﺷ
و ﺚﺤﺑ ﺘﻧ ﯿ ﻪﺠ ﮔﯿ ﺮ ي
ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ نﺎﺸﻧ داد ﯽﻠﮐ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ 49
ﺪﺻرد زا داﺮﻓا ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻞﯾﺎﻤﺗ ﻪﺘﺷاد ﺪﻧا ﻪﮐ زا ﻢﻬﺳ دﻮﺧ رد ﻪﺟدﻮﺑ ﯽﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺐﺴﮐ ﯽﻧﺎﺑﺰﯿﻣ
لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ ﻪﺘﺷر رد ﯽﺷزرو ﺮﺒﺘﻌﻣ يﺎﻫداﺪﯾور ﻪﻨﯾﺰﻫ
ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺧادﺮﭘ ﻪﺑ ﻞﯾﺎﻤﺗ ﻦﯾا راﺪﻘﻣ ﻪﮐ 69249
و ﺖﺳا هدﻮﺑ نﺎﻣﻮﺗ راﺰﻫ 51
ﺪﺻرد ﭻﯿﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﯽﻠﯾﺎﻤﺗ ياﺮﺑ ﺖﺧادﺮﭘ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺐﺴﮐ ﯽﻧﺎﺑﺰﯿﻣ ﻪﺘﺷاﺪﻧ ﺪﻧا . ﻦﯾا ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ نﺎﺸﻧ ﯽﻣ ﺪﻫد ﻪﮐ ﺐﺴﮐ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ داﺮﻓا ﺖﺧادﺮﭘ ﻪﺑ ﻞﯾﺎﻤﺗ
ﯽﻧﺎﺑﺰﯿﻣ يﺎﻫداﺪﯾور ﺮﺒﺘﻌﻣ
ﻢﻠﯾو ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ زا ﺶﺨﺑ ﻦﯾا ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ .ﺖﺳا ﯽﻄﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ رد ﯽﺷزرو و
نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ ) 2019 (،
نﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﮐ
ﺪﻧداد ﻞﯾﺎﻤﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺧادﺮﭘ ياﺮﺑ ﯽﻧﺎﺑﺰﯿﻣ ﮏﯾ داﺪﯾور گرﺰﺑ ﻦﯿﺑ ﯽﻠﻠﻤﻟا ﻞﺒﻗ و ﺪﻌﺑ زا ر داﺪﯾو ﺮﮑﯾو و دراد دﻮﺟو و
نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ ) 2017 ( ﺪﻧداد نﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﮐ
و ﺖﺧادﺮﭘ ﻪﺑ ﻞﯾﺎﻤﺗ ﺖﯾﺎﻤﺣ
ﯽﻣﻮﻤﻋ ياﺮﺑ ﯽﻧﺎﺑﺰﯿﻣ يﺎﻫزﺎﺑ ﮏﯿﭙﻤﻟا ﯽﻧﺎﺘﺴﺑﺎﺗ رد نﺎﻤﻟآ .ﺖﺳا ﻮﺴﻤﻫ ،دراد دﻮﺟو ﺪﯾﺎﺷ
ﻞﯿﻟد ﻦﯾا ﻪﺑ ﻞﯾﺎﻤﺗ
ﺮﻫ ﻪﺑ .داد ﺖﺒﺴﻧ لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ ًﺎﺻﻮﺼﺨﻣ و شزرو ﻪﺑ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ مدﺮﻣ دﺎﯾز ﻪﻗﻼﻋ ﻪﺑ ناﻮﺘﺑ ار ﺖﺧادﺮﭘ ﻪﺘﺷر ءﺰﺟ لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ ﻪﺘﺷر ناﺮﯾا رﻮﺸﮐ رد لﺎﺣ
يﺎﻫ
ﯽﻣ بﻮﺴﺤﻣ راﺪﻓﺮﻃﺮﭘ و بﻮﺒﺤﻣ ﯽﻣ رﺎﻈﺘﻧا ﻪﺘﺒﻟا .دراد راﺮﻗ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ مدﺮﻣ ﺖﯾﺮﺜﮐا لﺎﺒﻗا درﻮﻣ ﻪﮐ دﻮﺷ
زا ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﺖﺧادﺮﭘ ﻪﺑ ﻞﯾﺎﻤﺗ ﻦﯾا ﻪﮐ دور
ﺎﺸﻓ ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ و ﺪﻧراد ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ رد يدﺎﯾز يﺪﻣآرد و يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا تﻼﮑﺸﻣ مدﺮﻣ ﻪﺘﺒﻟا ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺪﺻرد ﻦﯾا ﻦﯾا ﺪﯾﺎﺷ و ﺪﻧراد راﺮﻗ يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا يﺎﻫر
.ﺪﺷﺎﺑ دﺎﯾز ﺖﺧادﺮﭘ مﺪﻋ ﻦﯾا ياﺮﺑ ﯽﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻪﯿﺟﻮﺗ ﺪﻧاﻮﺘﺑ ﺰﯿﻧ ﻪﻠﺌﺴﻣ
