اﺮﻓ رد ﺖﻛرﺎﺸﻣ ﻳ
ﺪﻨ ﺎﻫ ي ﺷزﻮﻣآ ﻲ
ﻣا ﻴ ﺪ ﭘ ﻴ ﺮ ﺟﺎﺣ ﻲ ﻣاﺮﻬﻃا، ﻴ
ﺪ
،*
ﺮﻓ ﻳ نوﺪ ﻟوازوﺮﻬﺑ،ﺖﺳودﻖﺣ ،ﻴﺎ
يﺮﻫﻮﺟ اﺮﻫز
هﺪﻴﻜﭼ :
ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ نﺎﺘﺳرﺎﻤﻴﺑ رد:
ﺎﻫ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻲﻧﺎﻣرد و ﻲﺼﻴﺨﺸﺗتﺎﻣﺪﺧ لﺎﺒﻧد ﻪﺑﻪﻛ ﻲﻧارﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻲﻫﺎﮔ ﻲﺷزﻮﻣآ ي رد ﻲﻓﺎﻛتﺎﻋﻼﻃا نوﺪﺑ و ارﺎﺒﺟا
ﻲﻳﺎﻧاﻮﺗ ﺢﻄﺳصﻮﺼﺧ ﺎﻫ
ﺪﻧﻮﺸﻴﻣﺮﻴﮔرد نﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧاديﺮﻴﮔدﺎﻳ و ﻲﻫددﺎﻳيﺎﻫﺪﻨﻳاﺮﻓ ردنﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧاد ي شﺮﮕﻧﻲﺳرﺮﺑ فﺪﻫﺎﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﻦﻳا .
ﻲﺷزﻮﻣآﻢﻴﺗ ﺪﻨﻳاﺮﻓردﺖﻛرﺎﺸﻣياﺮﺑنارﺎﻤﻴﺑيﺮﻴﮔﻢﻴﻤﺼﺗﻖﺣﻪﺑﺖﺒﺴﻧ
ﺎﻫ ﺖﻓﺮﻳﺬﭘمﺎﺠﻧاﻲﺷزﻮﻣآي .
شور ﺎﻫ ﻮﻧزاﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﻦﻳا: لﺎﺳردنﺎﻬﻔﺻاﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘمﻮﻠﻋهﺎﮕﺸﻧادردﻪﻛﻲﻌﻄﻘﻣﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗع
يوﺎﺣﻪﻛﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳﻖﻘﺤﻣراﺰﺑازاهدﺎﻔﺘﺳاﺎﺑ1390
لاﺆﺳ12 ﻪﺒﺗرسﺎﻴﻘﻣﺎﺑ يﺪﻨﺑ
ﻪﻨﻳﺰﮔﺞﻨﭘتﺮﻜﻴﻟ يا
ﺖﻓﺮﻳﺬﭘ مﺎﺠﻧا،دﻮﺑ ﺖﻧﺪﻳزروﺪﻴﺗﺎﺳاﻪﻴﻠﻛفﺪﻫ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ .
ﺎﻫ نﺎﺘﺳرﺎﻤﻴﺑ ي ﺎﻫ
دﻮﺑﻲﺷزﻮﻣآي
ﻪﻛ ﺖﻛﺮﺷﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﻦﻳاردﺮﻔﻧ61 ﺪﻧدﺮﻛ
ﺪﺷمﺎﺠﻧاﺲﻧﺎﻳراوﺰﻴﻟﺎﻧآوﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣﻲﺗنﻮﻣزآ،ﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗرﺎﻣآﺎﺑتﺎﻋﻼﻃاﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗوﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ . .
ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ زا : ﺖﻛرﺎﺸﻣ61
،ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ردهﺪﻨﻨﻛ 5
/ ﺪﺻرد42 و رﺎﻴﺘﺳد 5 / ﺪﺻرد 57 ﻮﻀﻋ تﺄﻴﻫ ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ شﺮﮕﻧﻲﻠﻛ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ . 3
/
±3 9 / دﻮﺑ34
ﻪﺘﺳدبﻮﻠﻄﻣﻪﻤﻴﻧهوﺮﮔردﻪﻛ ﺪﺷيﺪﻨﺑ
ﻲﻠﻛﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣﻦﻴﺑ . ﺎﻀﻋاشﺮﮕﻧ
ي تﺄﻴﻫ ﻲﻤﻠﻋ 35 /
±3 58 / نارﺎﻴﺘﺳدو35 03
/
±3 88 / فﻼﺘﺧا33
ﺖﺷاﺪﻧ دﻮﺟو يرادﺎﻨﻌﻣ )
05 / 0 p≥ ﻲﮔﮋﻳو ﺎﺑ طﺎﺒﺗرا رد ﺪﻳﺎﺒﻧ نارﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧدﺮﻛ مﻼﻋا داﺮﻓا زا ﻲﻳﻻﺎﺑ ﺪﺻرد .(
ﺎﻫ ﺖﻴﻫﺎﻣ و نﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧاد ي
ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑﻪﺘﺷادعﻼﻃاشزﻮﻣآ زاﺶﻴﺑ)
ﺪﺻرد60 .(
ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ يﺮﻴﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ: ﻲﻣ ﻲﻧاﺮﮕﻧ ﺪﺳر ﺚﻋﺎﺑنﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧاد يﺮﻴﮔدﺎﻳ وﻲﻫددﺎﻳﺪﻨﻳاﺮﻓ ردنارﺎﻤﻴﺑيرﺎﻜﻤﻫ و ﺖﻛرﺎﺸﻣمﺪﻋزاﻲﺷزﻮﻣآﻢﻴﺗ
ﻲﻣ دﻮﺷﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔهﺪﻳدﺎﻧﻪﻧﺎﻫﺎﮔآبﺎﺨﺘﻧاياﺮﺑنارﺎﻤﻴﺑقﻮﻘﺣﻲﻫﺎﮔﻪﻛدﻮﺷ هارﻪﺋارا نآلﺎﺒﻧدﻪﺑوﻞﻠﻋﻦﺘﻓﺎﻳﺖﻬﺟﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑتﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ .
ياﺮﺑرﺎﻛ
ﺎﻘﺗراودﻮﺒﻬﺑ ي
دﺎﻬﻨﺸﻴﭘدﻮﺟﻮﻣﺖﻴﻌﺿو ﻲﻣ
ددﺮﮔ .
هژاو يﺎﻫ يﺪﻴﻠﻛ رﺎﻴﺘﺳد،دﺎﺘﺳا،رﺎﻤﻴﺑﺖﻳﺎﺿر،ﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑشزﻮﻣآ:
ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘمﻮﻠﻋردشزﻮﻣآﻲﻧاﺮﻳاﻪﻠﺠﻣ هﮋﻳو/
ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗﻪﻣﺎﻧ ﺖﻣﻼﺳيﺎﻘﺗراوشزﻮﻣآ
ﺪﻨﻔﺳا /
؛1390 11 ) 9 :(
ﺎﺗ1430 1435
لوﺆﺴﻣ هﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ* ﺪﻴﻣاﺮﻬﻃاﺮﺘﻛد:
ﻚﺷﺰﭘ) ﻮﺠﺸﻧاد،( ي ﺮﺘﻛد ي ﻜﺷﺰﭘشزﻮﻣآ ﻲ
،
ﻜﺷﺰﭘشزﻮﻣآهوﺮﮔ ﻲ
، ﻘﺤﺗﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﻴ تﺎﻘ ﻜﺷﺰﭘمﻮﻠﻋشزﻮﻣآ ﻲ
، ﻜﺷﺰﭘمﻮﻠﻋهﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﻲ
ﺧ،نﺎﻬﻔﺻا ﻴ نﺎﺑﺎ ﺮﺟراﺰﻫ ﻳ
،ﺐ ا،نﺎﻬﻔﺻا ﻳ ناﺮ [email protected] .
ﻣا ﻴ ﺪ ﭘﻴ ﺮ ﺟﺎﺣ ﻲ
، ﻮﺠﺸﻧاد ي ﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻲ ﻤﻛ، ﻴ ﻪﺘ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺎﻫ ي ﻮﺠﺸﻧاد ﻳ نﺎ ﻜﺷﺰﭘهﺪﻜﺸﻧاد ﻲ
،
ﻜﺷﺰﭘمﻮﻠﻋهﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﻲ
ا،نﺎﻬﻔﺻا،نﺎﻬﻔﺻا ﻳ
ناﺮ [email protected]) .
؛(
ﻮﺠﺸﻧاد،ﺖﺳودﻖﺣنوﺪﻳﺮﻓ ي
ﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻲ ﻤﻛ، ﻴ ﻪﺘ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺎﻫ ي ﻮﺠﺸﻧاد ﻳ نﺎ هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد
ﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻲ
، ﻜﺷﺰﭘمﻮﻠﻋهﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﻲ
ا،نﺎﻬﻔﺻا،نﺎﻬﻔﺻا ﻳ
ناﺮ .
[email protected]) ﻮﺠﺸﻧاد،ﺎﻴﻟوازوﺮﻬﺑ؛(
ي ﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻲ ﻤﻛ، ﻴ ﻪﺘ
ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺎﻫ ي ﻮﺠﺸﻧاد ﻳ نﺎ ﻜﺷﺰﭘهﺪﻜﺸﻧاد ﻲ
، ﻜﺷﺰﭘمﻮﻠﻋهﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﻲ
ا،نﺎﻬﻔﺻا،نﺎﻬﻔﺻا ﻳ
ناﺮ .
؛(
،يﺮﻫﻮﺟاﺮﻫز ﻮﺠﺸﻧاد
ي ﺮﺘﻛد ي شزﻮﻣآ
ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ
نﺎﺴﻧا ﻤﺴﺟ نﻮﮔﺎﻧﻮﮔ دﺎﻌﺑا زا ﺎﻫ ﻲ
، ﺣور ﻲ
، ﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﻲ و
ﻮﻨﻌﻣ ي ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ رادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ و
رد مﺎﮕﻨﻫ ﺘﻣﻼﺳ ﻲ ﺑ و ﻴ رﺎﻤ ي
اراد ي ﻌﻣ قﻮﻘﺣ ﻴﻨ
ﻲ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ) 1 ا ﻪﺑ ماﺮﺘﺣا .(
ﻳ ﻦ رد قﻮﻘﺣ
ًﺎﺻﻮﺼﺧ،ﺖﻣﻼﺳمﺎﻈﻧ ﺼﺨﺷﻆﻔﺣ
ﻴ ﺖ ﺑﻴ نارﺎﻤ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ
ﻳ ﻚ ﻤﻫا زا نﺎﺴﻧا ﻴ
ﺖ ﻧاواﺮﻓ ﻲ ﺖﺳا رادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ )
2 سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ .(
ﺑقﻮﻘﺣرﻮﺸﻨﻣ ﻴ
رﺎﻤ ارد ﻳ
،ناﺮ ﺎﺑ ﻳﺪ ﺑﻖﺣ ﻴ رﺎﻤ وبﺎﺨﺘﻧارد
ﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻲ ﺧ،نﺎﻬﻔﺻا ﻴ نﺎﺑﺎ ﺮﺟراﺰﻫ ﻳ
،ﺐ ا،نﺎﻬﻔﺻا ﻳ ناﺮ (jouhari [email protected]) .
ﻤﺼﺗ ﻴ ﻢ رد رد ﻪﻧادازآ يﺮﻴﮔ ﻳ
ﺖﻓﺎ
ﺖﻣﻼﺳ مﺎﻈﻧ تﺎﻣﺪﺧ
دﻮﺷ هدﺮﻤﺷ مﺮﺘﺤﻣ )
3 ﺑﻴ .(
نﺎﺘﺳرﺎﻤ ﺰﺟ ﺎﻫ
ء اﺪﺟ ﻲﻳ ﺬﭘﺎﻧ ﻳ ﺮ
ﻨﭽﻤﻫ و هدﻮﺑ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ مﺎﻈﻧ ﻴ
ﻦ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ي ﺷزﻮﻣآ ﻲ اﺮﺑ ي
ﺑﺮﺗ ﻴ ﺖ ﻪﺋارا تﺎﻣﺪﺧ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻫد ﺖﺳا ﺖﻣﻼﺳ
) 4 ﻪﺘﺷر رد .(
ﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻲ
، ﮔاﺮﻓ ﻴ ﺮ ي راو ﺎﻘﺗ ي ترﺎﻬﻣ ﺎﻫ ي ﻟﺎﺑ ﻴﻨ ﻲ ﻮﺠﺸﻧاد ﻳ نﺎ
ﻟﺎﺑ ﺮﺑ رﻮﻀﺣ ﺎﺑ ﻴ
ﻦ ﺑﻴ رﺎﻤ نﺎﻜﻣا ﺬﭘ ﻳ ﺮ ﺖﺳا ا رد . ﻳ ﻦ اﺮﻓ ﻳ ﺪﻨ
ﺑﻴ ﻧارﺎﻤ ﻲ ﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻴ نﺎﺘﺳرﺎﻤ ﺎﻫ
ي ﺷزﻮﻣآ ﻲ ﻲﻣ ﻪﻌﺟاﺮﻣ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ
رد ﺮﺑ هوﻼﻋ ﻳ
ﺖﻓﺎ ﻧﺎﻣرد تﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﻲ
، اﺮﺑ ي شزﻮﻣآ
ﻮﺠﺸﻧاد ﻳ نﺎ ﻧﻴ ﺰ ﻲﻣ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ رﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ
اﻳ . ﻦ ود طﺎﺒﺗرا
ﻲﻣ ﻪﻓﺮﻃ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ
ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ هﻮﻘﻟﺎﺑ يا ﺑ ﺮﺑ ﻴ رﺎﻤ ﻪﺋارا تﺎﻣﺪﺧ و
ﻪﺑهﺪﺷ يو ﺪﺷﺎﺑﻪﺘﺷاد )
5 ندادزاﺲﭘﺪﻳﺎﺑنﺎﻣردﻢﻴﺗ و(
شزﻮﻣآ ﺖﻴﻫﺎﻣ صﻮﺼﺧ رد رﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻪﺑ مزﻻ تﺎﻋﻼﻃا
، ﻪﺑ
ﺪﻨﻫﺪﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﺒﻠﻃواد ﺖﻛرﺎﺸﻣ ياﺮﺑ ﻲﻓﺎﻛ ﺖﺻﺮﻓ يو )
3 ﺮﺑ .(
ﻤﻫ ﻴ ﻦ روﺮﺿ سﺎﺳا دراد ت
ﻪﺒﻨﺟ ﺎﺗ ﺎﻫ ي ﺑ قﻮﻘﺣ ﻴ نارﺎﻤ ﻪﺑ
ﮔاﺮﻓ ﻴ ناﺮ ﺷ هداد شزﻮﻣآ هﺪ
شﺮﮕﻧ و ﺎﻬﻧآ
ا رد ﻳ ﻦ ﻣز ﻴ ﻪﻨ
ﺎﻘﺗرا ﻳ ﺪﺑﺎ ) 6 ﺖﻳﺎﻋر يﺎﻘﺗرا و فﺪﻫ ﻦﻳا ﻪﺑ نﺪﻴﺳر رد و(
ﺶﻘﻧ رﺎﻤﻴﺑقﻮﻘﺣ ﻢﻴﺗ
ﻲﺷزﻮﻣآ
،نارﺎﻴﺘﺳدو ﺪﻴﺗﺎﺳاﻲﻨﻌﻳ
ﺖﺳا ﺮﻳﺬﭘﺎﻧرﺎﻜﻧا ﻪﺋارا مﺎﻈﻧ و نارﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻲﻫﺎﮔآ و شﺮﮕﻧ .
تﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ و رﺎﻤﻴﺑ قﻮﻘﺣ ﻪﻨﻴﻣز رد ﺖﻣﻼﺳ
ﺮﮔﻮﻣد رد ﻲﻄﻴﺤﻣ و ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ،ﻚﻴﻓا تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ زا يداﺪﻌﺗ
ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ )
و7 8
،( نﻮﻨﻛﺎﺗ ﺎﻣا ﻲﺸﻫوﮋﭘ
رد ﻪﻨﻴﻣز
ﺪﻨﻳاﺮﻓ رد رﺎﻤﻴﺑ قﻮﻘﺣ ﺎﺑ طﺎﺒﺗرا رد ﻲﺷزﻮﻣآ ﻢﻴﺗ شﺮﮕﻧ ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮕﻧ ترﻮﺻ ﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑ ﺲﻳرﺪﺗ ﺎﺑ سﺎﺳا ﻦﻴﻤﻫ ﺮﺑ .
هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﻲﺷزﻮﻣآ ﻢﻴﺗ يﺎﻀﻋا شﺮﮕﻧﻲﺳرﺮﺑ فﺪﻫ مﻮﻠﻋ
نﺎﻬﻔﺻا ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﺎﺑ طﺎﺒﺗرا رد
ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺗ ﻖﺣ نارﺎﻤﻴﺑ يﺮﻴﮔ
ﺪﻨﻳاﺮﻓردﺖﻛرﺎﺸﻣياﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﻲﺣاﺮﻃﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﻦﻳاﻲﺷزﻮﻣآي
ياﺮﺑ مزﻻ تﺎﻋﻼﻃا ،دﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﺖﻴﻌﺿو ﻲﺑﺎﻳزرا ﺎﺑ ﺎﺗ ﺪﺷ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ و ﺎﻘﺗرا ﺎﻫ
ددﺮﮔ ﻢﻫاﺮﻓ ﻲﺷزﻮﻣآ ي .
شور ﺎﻫ
ﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗعﻮﻧزاﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﻦﻳا ﻲﻌﻄﻘﻣ–
Cross Sectional ) (
ﻢﻴﺗ شﺮﮕﻧ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ فﺪﻫ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ دﻮﺑ ﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑ ﻲﺷزﻮﻣآ
ﻖﺣ ﺎﺑ طﺎﺒﺗرا رد نﺎﻬﻔﺻا ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺗ
ﻲﺷزﻮﻣآ يﺎﻫﺪﻨﻳاﺮﻓ رد ﺖﻛرﺎﺸﻣ ياﺮﺑ رﺎﻤﻴﺑ يﺮﻴﮔ ﺖﻓﺮﻳﺬﭘ مﺎﺠﻧا رد نارﺎﻴﺘﺳد و ﺪﻴﺗﺎﺳا ﻪﻴﻠﻛ فﺪﻫ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ .
نﺎﺘﺳرﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺎﻫ
نﺎﻬﻔﺻا ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﻲﺷزﻮﻣآ ي
ﻖﻘﺤﻣ راﺰﺑا زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ نﺎﻧآ شﺮﮕﻧ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳ
درﻮﻣ ﺖﻓﺮﮔراﺮﻗ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ نﻮﺘﻣ روﺮﻣ زا ﺲﭘﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ .
دﻮﺑﺶﺨﺑ ود ﻞﻣﺎﺷ وﺪﺷ ﻪﻴﻬﺗ نارﺎﻤﻴﺑ قﻮﻘﺣ ﻪﻨﻴﻣزرد .
ﻚﻴﻓاﺮﮔﻮﻣد تﺎﻋﻼﻃا ﻞﻣﺎﺷ لوا ﺶﺨﺑ ﻪﺘﺷر ،ﻦﺳ ،ﺲﻨﺟ)
ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ ،ﻲﺷزﻮﻣآ هوﺮﮔ ،ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ ﻪﺒﺗﺮﻣ ،ﻲﺷزﻮﻣآ
ﻲﻤﻠﻋ و (
مود ﺶﺨﺑ ﻻاﺆﺳ
ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ار ﻲﻠﺻا ت ﻲﻣ
ﺪﺷ . لاﺆﺳ 12
ﻪﻘﺒﻃ سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ ﻲﻠﺻا يﺪﻨﺑ
ﻜﻴﻟ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﮔ ﺞﻨﭘ تﺮ يا
ﻞﻣﺎﺷ 4
بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﻖﺣ ﻪﻄﻴﺣ )
لاﺆﺳ 3 تﺎﻋﻼﻃا ﻦﺘﺷاد ،( )
لاﺆﺳ 5
،(
كردﻲﻳﺎﻧاﻮﺗ )
لاﺆﺳ2 ﺖﻣواﺪﻣو ( )
لاﺆﺳ2 دﻮﺑ ( ﺮﺜﻛاﺪﺣ .
زﺎﻴﺘﻣا ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻪﺟردﺖﺳﺮﻬﻓسﺎﺳاﺮﺑ
يﺪﻨﺑ ياﺮﺑهﺪﺷ
عﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻻاﺆﺳ ت دﻮﺑ 60 ﻪﻨﻳﺰﮔ . ﺎﻫ ﻪﺟرد ﺖﺳﺮﻬﻓ ي يﺪﻨﺑ
ﻞﻣﺎﺷ
ًﻼﻣﺎﻛ ﻢﻘﻓاﻮﻣ ) زﺎﻴﺘﻣا 5 ﻢﻘﻓاﻮﻣ ،( )
زﺎﻴﺘﻣا 4 يﺮﻈﻧ ،(
مراﺪﻧ ) زﺎﻴﺘﻣا 3 ﻢﻔﻟﺎﺨﻣ ،( )
زﺎﻴﺘﻣا 2 و (
ًﻼﻣﺎﻛ ﻢﻔﻟﺎﺨﻣ ) 1
زﺎﻴﺘﻣا ﺪﺷ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ( ﻲﻠﻛ زﺎﻴﺘﻣا ،ﻦﻴﻘﻘﺤﻣ ﻖﻓاﻮﺗ سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ .
ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ بﻮﻠﻄﻣﺎﻧهوﺮﮔ رﺎﻬﭼرد ،
ﻦﻴﺑ) ﺎﺗ12 24 ﻪﻤﻴﻧ،(
بﻮﻠﻄﻣ ) ﺎﺗ 25 36 بﻮﻠﻄﻣ ،( )
ﺎﺗ 37 48 بﻮﻠﻄﻣ رﺎﻴﺴﺑ و (
) ﺎﺗ 49 60 ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ( يﺪﻨﺑ ﺪﺷ ﻲﻳاﻮﺘﺤﻣ و يرﻮﺻ ﻲﻳاور .
ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ
ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ شزﻮﻣآ نﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﻛ زا ﺮﻔﻧ 6
درﻮﻣ ﺪﻴﻳﺄﺗ يﺎﻔﻟآ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ نآ ﻲﻳﺎﻳﺎﭘ و ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ
خﺎﺒﻧوﺮﻛ )
78 / 0 ﺪﻴﻳﺄﺗ ( ﺪﺷ لﺎﺳ هﺎﻣ ﺪﻨﻔﺳارد ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ .
نﺎﺘﺳرﺎﻤﻴﺑرد1390 ﺎﻫ
اﺮﻫﺰﻟاﻲﺷزﻮﻣآي س)
وﺪﻴﺷرﻮﺧ،(
ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ﻲﻧﺎﺷﺎﻛ و ﻞﻴﻤﻜﺗ ﺎﻔﻳا دﻮﺧ ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ و
ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ مﺎﻤﺗ ﺲﭙﺳ ﺎﻫ
ﻊﻤﺟ يروآ ﺪﺷ ياﺮﺑ . ﺖﻳﺎﻋر
ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ تﺎﻋﻼﻃا ،ﻲﻗﻼﺧا ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻣ ﺎﻫ
و مﺎﻧ ﻲﺑ ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ
دﻮﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﻣﺮﺤﻣ ﻪﻴﻠﻛ .
ﻻاﺆﺳ ياﺮﺑ و ﺖﺷاد ﻲﻔﻨﻣ رﺎﺑ ت
ود ،ﻞﻛ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ لاﺆﺳ
ﻞﻴﻟد ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻦﻳا نآ رﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﺪﺷدﺪﺠﻣ يراﺬﮔﺪﻛدﻮﺑﻒﻟﺎﺨﻣ هداد .
ﺎﻫ ي ﻊﻤﺟ يروآ هﺪﺷ
مﺮﻧ ﺎﺑ راﺰﻓا SPSS-16 فاﺮﺤﻧا ،ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ و
ﺰﻴﻟﺎﻧآ و ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﻲﺗ يرﺎﻣآ نﻮﻣزآ ،ﻲﻧاواﺮﻓ ،رﺎﻴﻌﻣ درﻮﻣﺲﻧﺎﻳراو ﺖﻓﺮﮔراﺮﻗيرﺎﻣآﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗوﻪﻳﺮﺠﺗ
.
ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳا رد ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧدﺮﻛ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ ﺮﻔﻧ 61
ﺮﻔﻧ 25 ) 40
ﺪﺻرد ﻣ داﺮﻓازا ( ﺆ
وﺚﻧ ﺮﻔﻧ36
) ﺪﺻرد60 ﺪﻧدﻮﺑﺮﻛﺬﻣ ( .
ﺮﻔﻧ 26 ) 5 / ﺪﺻرد 42 و ﺖﻧﺪﻳزر ( ﺮﻔﻧ 35
) 5 / ﺪﺻرد 57 (
ﻮﻀﻋ تﺄﻴﻫ ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ﺪﻧدﺮﻛ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳا رد هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد .
ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ شﺮﮕﻧ ﻲﻠﻛ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ 3
/
±3 9 / دﻮﺑ 34
ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ يﺪﻨﺑ
ﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳا رد ﻖﻓاﻮﺗ درﻮﻣ رد ﻪ
ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ بﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﻪﻤﻴﻧ هوﺮﮔ .
د لوﺪﺟ ر فاﺮﺤﻧا و ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ،ﻲﻧاواﺮﻓ ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑﻪﺑ 1
رﺎﻤﻴﺑﺖﻳﺎﺿر درﻮﻣردﻲﺷزﻮﻣآ ﻢﻴﺗيﺎﻀﻋاشﺮﮕﻧ رﺎﻴﻌﻣ ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ و ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺧادﺮﭘ ﻲﺷزﻮﻣآ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ياﺮﺑ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﮔزاﻚﻳﺮﻫبﺎﺨﺘﻧاﺪﺻرد،ﻪﻧﺎﮔاﺪﺟ ﺎﻫ
ﻚﻴﻜﻔﺗﻪﺑ ﻻاﺆﺳ
ت
ﺖﺳا هﺪﻳدﺮﮔنﺎﻴﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻔﻨﻣشﺮﮕﻧ ﻲﻧاواﺮﻓ ﺪﺻردﻦﻳﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ .
ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ عﻼﻃا ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺖﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ ﺎﺑ طﺎﺒﺗرا رد رﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﺳر
ﻮﺠﺸﻧاد ﺢﻴﺤﺻ )
ﺪﺻرد88 درﻮﻣ رد رﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻪﺑ نداد ﻲﻫﺎﮔآ ،( يﺮﻴﮔدﺎﻳ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻮﺠﺸﻧاد ﻂﺳﻮﺗ يو نﺪﺷ ﻪﻨﻳﺎﻌﻣ
) ﺪﺻرد74 ،(
يﺪﻨﻤﻧاﻮﺗ ناﺰﻴﻣ درﻮﻣ رد رﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻪﺑ نداد ﻲﻫﺎﮔآ ﻮﺠﺸﻧاد يﺎﻫ
ﻪﻨﻳﺎﻌﻣ رد )
ﺪﺻرد 67 مﺪﻋ ترﻮﺻ رد رﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺎﺑ درﻮﺧﺮﺑ (
ﺎﺟا ﻮﺠﺸﻧادﻂﺳﻮﺗنﺪﺷﻪﻨﻳﺎﻌﻣﺖﻬﺟندادهز )
5 / ﺪﺻرد64 (
و ﻮﺠﺸﻧادﺎﺑﻲﺴﻨﺟقﺎﺒﻄﻧاﺖﺑﺎﺑﻲﻧاﺮﮕﻧياﺮﺑرﺎﻤﻴﺑﻖﺣ )
66
ﺪﺻرد ﺪﻣآﺖﺳدﻪﺑ( .
ﻣ داﺮﻓا رد شﺮﮕﻧ ﻲﻠﻛ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺆ
ﺚﻧ 74 /
±2 55 / رد و 35
ﺎﺑ ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ ﺮﻛﺬﻣ داﺮﻓا 6
/
±3 54 / ﻦﻴﺑ رادﺎﻨﻌﻣ توﺎﻔﺗ ﻪﻛ دﻮﺑ34
ﺖﺷاﺪﻧ دﻮﺟو هوﺮﮔ ود )
05 / P≥0 ( ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ . ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻦﻴﺑ
ﺎﻀﻋا رد شﺮﮕﻧ ﻲﻠﻛ ي
تﺄﻴﻫ ﻲﻤﻠﻋ 35 /
±3 58 / و 35
نارﺎﻴﺘﺳد 03
/
±3 88 / ﺖﺷاﺪﻧ دﻮﺟو يرادﺎﻨﻌﻣ توﺎﻔﺗ 33
) 05 / P≥0 يرادﺎﻨﻌﻣ توﺎﻔﺗ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺲﻧﺎﻳراو ﺰﻴﻟﺎﻧآ و ( ﻦﻴﺑ
ﻪﺒﺗﺮﻣ شﺮﮕﻧ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺎﻫ
توﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ي
،رﺎﻳدﺎﺘﺳا)
دﺎﺘﺳا و رﺎﻴﺸﻧاد داﺪﻧ نﺎﺸﻧ(
) 05 / P≥0 (.
لوﺪﺟ 1 زﻮﺗ: ﻳ ﻊ ﻧاواﺮﻓ ﻲ
، ﻣﻴ ﮕﻧﺎ ﻴ ﻦ ﻌﻣفاﺮﺤﻧاو ﻴ
رﺎ ﺎﻀﻋاشﺮﮕﻧ ي
ﺗﻴ ﻢ ﺷزﻮﻣآ ﻲ ﺎﺿردرﻮﻣرد ﻳ
ﺖ ﺑﻴ رﺎﻤ اﺮﺑ ي ﺷزﻮﻣآهدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻲ
ﻪﻄﻴﺣ لاﺆﺳ
ًﻼﻣﺎﻛ ﻢﻘﻓاﻮﻣ
ﻢﻘﻓاﻮﻣ و يﺮﻈﻧ
مراﺪﻧ و ﻢﻔﻟﺎﺨﻣ
ًﻼﻣﺎﻛ ﻢﻔﻟﺎﺨﻣ و ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ
رﺎﻴﻌﻣ فاﺮﺤﻧا ††
بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﻖﺣ ﺮﮔا
درﻮﺧﺮﺑواﺎﺑﺪﻫﺪﻧﻪﻨﻳﺎﻌﻣهزﺎﺟاﻮﺠﺸﻧادﻪﺑرﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻲﻣ
ﻢﻨﻛ . 6
/ 65
% 1 / 13
% 3 / 21
% 13 /
±1 29 / 2
ﺪﺷﺎﺑﻪﺘﺷادﻲﻧاﺮﮕﻧﻮﺠﺸﻧادﺎﺑدﻮﺧﺖﻴﺴﻨﺟقﺎﺒﻄﻧاﺖﺑﺎﺑﺪﻳﺎﺒﻧرﺎﻤﻴﺑ .
59
% 3 / 39
% 6 / 1
% 79 /
±0 21 / 2
ﺪﻨﻛدرﺎﻳلﻮﺒﻗارﻮﺠﺸﻧادﻂﺳﻮﺗنﺪﺷﻪﻨﻳﺎﻌﻣدرادﻖﺣرﺎﻤﻴﺑ† .
55
% 3 / 28
% 6 / 16
% 15 /
±1 66 / 3
تﺎﻋﻼﻃا ﺖﺳاﻪﺘﻓﺮﻳﺬﭘارﻲﻤﺴﺟﺐﻴﺳآزوﺮﺑنﺎﻜﻣاًﺎﺤﻳﻮﻠﺗ،ﻮﺠﺸﻧادﻂﺳﻮﺗنﺪﺷﻪﻨﻳﺎﻌﻣﻦﺘﻓﺮﻳﺬﭘﺎﺑرﺎﻤﻴﺑ
. 5
/ 6
% 4 / 19
% 2 / 66
% 84 /
±0 87 / 3
ﺖﺳاﻪﺘﻓﺮﻳﺬﭘارﻲﺣورﺐﻴﺳآزوﺮﺑنﺎﻜﻣاًﺎﺤﻳﻮﻠﺗ،ﻮﺠﺸﻧادﻂﺳﻮﺗنﺪﺷﻪﻨﻳﺎﻌﻣﻦﺘﻓﺮﻳﺬﭘﺎﺑرﺎﻤﻴﺑ .
0
% 3 / 21
% 7 / 78
% 67 /
±0 14 / 4
ﺖﺳاﻦﻜﻤﻣنﻮﭼ ﻪﻨﻳﺎﻌﻣاروايﺮﻴﮔدﺎﻳياﺮﺑﻮﺠﺸﻧادﻢﻴﻳﻮﮕﺑواﻪﺑﺪﻳﺎﺒﻧﺪﻫﺪﻧﻪﻨﻳﺎﻌﻣهزﺎﺟاﻮﺠﺸﻧادﻪﺑرﺎﻤﻴﺑ
ﻲﻣ ﺪﻨﻛ . 8
/ 73
% 6 / 24
% 6 / 1
% 74 /
±0 03 / 2
ﺪﺷﺎﺑﻪﺘﺷادعﻼﻃاﻮﺠﺸﻧاديﺪﻨﻤﻧاﻮﺗناﺰﻴﻣزارﺎﻤﻴﺑﻪﻛﺖﺴﻴﻧيزﺎﻴﻧﻪﻨﻳﺎﻌﻣزاﻞﺒﻗ .
2
/ 67
% 2 / 26
% 6 / 6
% 83 /
±0 16 / 2
ﻂﺳﻮﺗﺪﻧاﺪﺑﺪﻳﺎﺑرﺎﻤﻴﺑ† ﻪﻨﻳﺎﻌﻣﻮﺠﺸﻧاد
ﻲﻣ ﻚﺷﺰﭘﻪﻧدﻮﺷ .
0
% 7
/ 11
% 4 / 88
% 63 /
±0 8 / 1
ﺖﻣواﺪﻣ
نﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧادﻂﺳﻮﺗﺶﻧﺪﺷﻪﻨﻳﺎﻌﻣﺎﺑواﺖﻘﻓاﻮﻣﻪﻟﺰﻨﻣﻪﺑرﺎﻤﻴﺑﻂﺳﻮﺗﻲﺷزﻮﻣآﺶﺨﺑردنﺪﺷيﺮﺘﺴﺑﻦﺘﻓﺮﻳﺬﭘ
ﺖﺳا . 7
/ 37
% 9 / 27
% 4 / 34
% 07 /
±1 93 / 2
ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔهزﺎﺟا ردلﻼﺘﺧاﺚﻋﺎﺑ،ﻪﻨﻳﺎﻌﻣمﺎﺠﻧاياﺮﺑ،رﺎﻤﻴﺑزاﻮﺠﺸﻧادﺮﻫ وايﺮﻴﮔدﺎﻳﺪﻨﻳاﺮﻓ
ﻲﻣ دﻮﺷ . 1
/ 8
% 2 / 24
% 5 / 64
% 93
±./
8 / 3
ﻲﻳﺎﻧاﻮﺗ يﺪﻨﻤﻧاﻮﺗﺖﻳﻮﻘﺗياﺮﺑﻲﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣﺖﺻﺮﻓ،ﺪﻧراﺪﻧارﻪﻨﻳﺎﻌﻣزافاﺮﺼﻧانﺎﻜﻣاﺎﻳناﻮﺗﻪﻛﻲﻧارﺎﻤﻴﺑﻪﻨﻳﺎﻌﻣ
نﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧاديﺎﻫ
ﺖﺳا . 58
% 7 / 37
% 2 / 3
% 88 /
±0 15 / 2
دراﺪﻧارﺖﻔﻟﺎﺨﻣﻲﻳﺎﻧاﻮﺗﻪﻛيرﺎﻤﻴﺑﻪﻨﻳﺎﻌﻣرد ﺰﻴﻧيوهاﺮﻤﻫ
ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺗياﺮﺑمزﻻﺖﻴﺣﻼﺻ دراﺪﻧيﺮﻴﮔ
. 5 / 6
% 7 / 19
% 80
% 81 /
±0 98 / 3
ﻻاﺆﺳ† يورﺮﺑدﺪﺠﻣيراﺬﮔﺪﻛ،ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣياﺮﺑﻪﻛﻲﺗ ﺎﻬﻧآ
ﺪﺷمﺎﺠﻧا .
ﺚﺤﺑ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ فﺪﻫ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳا ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻲﺷزﻮﻣآ ﻢﻴﺗ شﺮﮕﻧ
ﻪﺒﻨﺟ زا ﻲﻜﻳ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺎﻫ
ﻖﺣ ﻲﻨﻌﻳ رﺎﻤﻴﺑ قﻮﻘﺣ ي
ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺗ مﺎﺠﻧاﻲﺷزﻮﻣآيﺎﻫﺪﻨﻳاﺮﻓردﺖﻛرﺎﺸﻣياﺮﺑيﺮﻴﮔ
شﺮﮕﻧ هوﺮﮔ ﻦﻳا رد ﻪﻛ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺖﻓﺮﻳﺬﭘ
ًﻼﻣﺎﻛ ﻲﺑﻮﻠﻄﻣ
ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ و دراﺪﻧ دﻮﺟو رﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻖﺣ ﻦﻳا ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻲﻣ
ﺪﺳر
يرﺎﻜﻤﻫ مﺪﻋ زا ﻪﻛ ﻲﻧاﺮﮕﻧ ﻞﻴﻟد ﻪﺑ نارﺎﻴﺘﺳد و ﺪﻴﺗﺎﺳا ﻦﺘﺷاد ياﺮﺑ رﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻖﺣ ﺪﻧراد نﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧاد ﺎﺑ نارﺎﻤﻴﺑ راﺮﻗﻪﺟﻮﺗدرﻮﻣﺮﺘﻤﻛارتﺎﻋﻼﻃا ﻲﻣ
ﺪﻨﻫد شزﻮﻣآﻂﻴﺤﻣ .
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑ يا
يﺎﻫزﺎﻴﻧ ﺎﺑ نﺎﻣﺰﻤﻫ ﺪﻴﺗﺎﺳا ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا
نارﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣرد و ﻲﻗﻮﻘﺣ يﺎﻫزﺎﻴﻧ ﺎﺑ ناﺮﻴﮔاﺮﻓ ﻲﺷزﻮﻣآ ﻪﺟاﻮﻣ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻲﻣ
ﺪﻧﻮﺷ هﺪﻧﺮﻴﮔ شزﻮﻣآ ﻲﻄﻴﺤﻣ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ رد .
ﻆﻔﺣ ﻖﺣ ياراد ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ شزﻮﻣآﺖﻓﺎﻳرد وﻲﺼﺨﺷ نﺄﺷ
يﺪﻨﻤﻧاﻮﺗ يﺎﻘﺗراياﺮﺑﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛﺎﺑو ﻪﻓﺮﺣ يﺎﻫ
يا ﺖﺳادﻮﺧ
ﻖﺣ و ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﻆﻔﺣ ﻖﺣ ،راﺮﺳا ﻆﻔﺣ ﻖﺣ ﺰﻴﻧ نارﺎﻤﻴﺑ و ﺪﻨﻳاﺮﻓرد ﺖﻛرﺎﺸﻣمﺪﻋﺎﻳﺖﻛرﺎﺸﻣياﺮﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﻫﺎﮔآبﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﺪﻧرادشزﻮﻣآ ﺎﺑﺪﻴﺗﺎﺳانﺎﻣﺰﻤﻫﻪﻬﺟاﻮﻣ .
ونارﺎﻤﻴﺑقﻮﻘﺣ
ناﺮﻴﮔاﺮﻓ ﻲﺷزﻮﻣآ يﺎﻫزﺎﻴﻧ ﺎﺑ ار ﺪﻴﺗﺎﺳا ﺲﻳرﺪﺗ رﺎﻛ
ﻪﺟاﻮﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﻣ ﻲﻣ
دﺎﺠﻳا رد ﺪﻴﺗﺎﺳا يرﻮﺤﻣ ﺶﻘﻧ و ﺪﻨﻛ
ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗﺎﻫزﺎﻴﻧﻦﻳاﻦﻴﺑلدﺎﻌﺗ ﺖﺳاهﺪﻨﻨﻛ
وﺖﻗدﺎﺑﺪﻳﺎﺑنﺎﻧآ .
هﮋﻳو ﺖﻴﺳﺎﺴﺣ يا
دﻮﺧ شزﻮﻣآ ﺪﻨﻳاﺮﻓ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ
ﺪﻧزادﺮﭙﺑ شزﻮﻣآ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ رد شزﻮﻣآ ﻒﻌﺿ يﻮﺳ ﻚﻳ زا .
ترﺎﻬﻣ ﺎﻫ ﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑي (CSLC)
ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺠﺸﻧادﻪﻛدﻮﺷ نﺎﻳﻮ
ترﺎﻬﻣ ﺎﻫ ﺐﺴﻛ ار ﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑ هرود ﻪﺑ دورو ياﺮﺑ مزﻻ ي
ﺪﻨﻨﻜﻧ ) و10 9 ﻲﻤﺴﺟﺐﻴﺳآﺮﻄﺧسﺎﺴﺣاﺮﮕﻳديﻮﺳزاو (
وسﺎﺴﺣﻲﻠﻤﻋتﺎﻣاﺪﻗا مﺎﺠﻧامﺎﮕﻨﻫ ردنارﺎﻤﻴﺑ فﺮﻃزا ﺶﻫﺎﻛ شزﻮﻣآ رد ﺖﻛرﺎﺸﻣ ياﺮﺑ ار نﺎﻧآ هﺰﻴﮕﻧا ،كﺎﻧدرد ﻲﻣ ﺪﻫد ) 5 ماﺮﺘﺣا ﺎﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻲﻗﻼﺧا ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﻚﻳ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ ﺎﻣا .(
قﻮﻘﺣ ﻪﺑ و شزﻮﻣآ ﺖﻴﻌﺿو دﻮﺒﻬﺑ ،نارﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺖﻣاﺮﻛ و
ترﺎﻬﻣ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﺎﻫ
نﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧاد ي ژﻻﻮﻣ يور ﺮﺑ ﻦﻳﺮﻤﺗ ﺎﺑ
ﻦﻴﻟﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ دورو زا ﻞﺒﻗ ﺖﺒﻗاﺮﻣ ﻪﺋارا و
ﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧا ي
نارﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻲﻣ
ﺪﻨﻛ ﺐﻠﺟ ار نارﺎﻤﻴﺑ يرﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ رد ﺎﻣا .
ﻲﺗرﻮﺻ ﺪﻧﺮﻴﮔراﺮﻗﻲﻗﻼﺧاﺮﻴﻏﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﻚﻳرد نارﺎﻤﻴﺑﻪﻛ
ر نﺎﻧآ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﻖﺣ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻌﺳ دﻮﺸﻧ ﺖﻳﺎﻋ
ﻲﻣ دﻮﺧ زا ﺪﻨﻨﻛ
شزﻮﻣآ رد ﺖﻛرﺎﺸﻣ ياﺮﺑ نﺎﻧآ هﺰﻴﮕﻧا و ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﺖﻈﻓﺎﺤﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻲﻣ ﺪﺑﺎﻳ ) 11 .(
نارﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻪﻛ دراد دﻮﺟو دﺎﻘﺘﻋا ﻦﻳا نﺎﻣرد ﻢﻴﺗ نﺎﻴﻣ رد ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﺖﻛرﺎﺸﻣ نﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧاد شزﻮﻣآ رد ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ رﻮﺒﺠﻣ .
ﺮﻛذ دﻮﺧ هﺪﻴﻘﻋ زا ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ ياﺮﺑ نﺎﻧآ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻠﻳﻻد ﻲﻣ
ﺪﻨﻨﻛ
ﻞﻣﺎﺷ : 1 اد ﻪﻔﻴﻇو -
،ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ لﺎﺒﻗ رد نارﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻦﺘﺷ 2
-
ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﺖﺧادﺮﭘ ياﺮﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻧاﻮﺗ مﺪﻋ ناﺮﺒﺟ ﺎﻫ
،ﻲﻧﺎﻣرد ي 3
-
رد ﺖﻛرﺎﺸﻣ لﺎﺒﻧد ﻪﺑ تﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺖﻓﺎﻳرد ناﺮﺒﺟ و شزﻮﻣآ 4
،شزﻮﻣآ ﺖﻓﺎﻳرد ياﺮﺑ نﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧاد ﻖﺣ -
ﺖﺳا نﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳا ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ . ﻲﻣ
ﺪﺻرد ﻦﻴﺑ رد ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫد
د دﻮﺟو شﺮﮕﻧ ﻦﻳا ﻲﺷزﻮﻣآ ﻢﻴﺗ زا يدﺎﻳز رﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻪﻛ درا
ﻪﻜﻴﺗرﻮﺻ رد و ﺖﺳا شزﻮﻣآ رد ﺖﻛرﺎﺸﻣ ﻪﺑ رﻮﺒﺠﻣ درﻮﺧﺮﺑ وا ﺎﺑ ﺪﻫﺪﻧ ار ﻮﺠﺸﻧاد ﻪﺑ ﻪﻨﻳﺎﻌﻣ هزﺎﺟا ﻲﻣ
دﻮﺷ .
يرﻮﺑﺮﺗاو (waterbury)
و ﻞﻳﻻد ﻦﻳا ندﺮﻛ حﺮﻄﻣ ﺎﺑ
ﻪﻛ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ دراﻮﻣ ﻦﻳا زا ﻚﻳ ﺮﻫ هرﺎﺑ رد لﻻﺪﺘﺳا شزﻮﻣآ رد ﺖﻛرﺎﺸﻣ ياﺮﺑ يرﺎﺒﺟا ﭻﻴﻫ نارﺎﻤﻴﺑ راﺪﻧ نﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧاد ﺖﻓﺎﻳرد ياﺮﺑ نﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧاد ﻖﺣ و ﺪﻧ
شزﻮﻣآ ﺎﻫ ﺖﺳا نﺎﺘﺳرﺎﻤﻴﺑ هﺪﻬﻋ ﺮﺑ ،ﺖﺑﺎﺒﻃ ياﺮﺑ مزﻻ ي
ﻪﻔﻴﻃونارﺎﻤﻴﺑو يا
رد ﺪﻧراﺪﻧنآلﺎﺒﻗ )
5 (.
ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ داﺪﻌﺗ ندﻮﺑ ﻢﻛ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳا ﻒﻌﺿ طﺎﻘﻧ زا ﺎﻫ
ﻪﺑ
ﻦﻳا ﻞﻴﻤﻜﺗ رد نارﺎﻴﺘﺳد و ﺪﻴﺗﺎﺳا يرﺎﻜﻤﻫ مﺪﻋ ﻞﻴﻟد ﻪﻧﻮﮔ
ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻲﻣﺎﻫ
ﻪﻛﺪﺷﺎﺑ درﻮﺧزﺎﺑﺎﺑﻢﻳراوﺪﻴﻣا
ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻦﻳا
هﺰﻴﮕﻧا ﻢﻴﻧاﻮﺘﺑ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺎﻘﺗرا ﺖﻬﺟ ﻦﻳا رد ار نﺎﻧآ
ﻢﻴﻫد .
ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ يﺮﻴﮔ
رد دﻮﺧﻲﺷزﻮﻣآ ﻒﻳﺎﻇو مﺎﺠﻧاﺖﻬﺟنارﺎﻴﺘﺳدوﺪﻴﺗﺎﺳا ﺖﻛرﺎﺸﻣياﺮﺑرﺎﻤﻴﺑﻪﻧﺎﻫﺎﮔآبﺎﺨﺘﻧاﻖﺣنﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧاد لﺎﺒﻗ درﻮﻣ ﺮﺘﻤﻛ ار نﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧاد يﺮﻴﮔدﺎﻳ و ﻲﻫددﺎﻳ ﺪﻨﻳاﺮﻓ رد ﻪﺟﻮﺗ راﺮﻗ ﻲﻣ ﺪﻨﻫد ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺘﺳد ﺖﻬﺟﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ مﺎﺠﻧا .
هﺎﮔﺪﻳد و نارﺎﻤﻴﺑ يرﺎﻜﻤﻫ مﺪﻋ ﻞﻠﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ نﺎﻧآ يﺎﻫ
ﻢﻴﺗ كرد ﺮﺗ ﻖﻴﻤﻋ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ و شزﻮﻣآ ﺪﻨﻳاﺮﻓ
ﻪﺒﻨﺟ زا ﻲﺷزﻮﻣآ ﺎﻫ
هار ﻦﺘﻓﺎﻳ و نارﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻲﻗﻮﻘﺣ ي ﻞﺣ
ﺎﻫ ﻲﻳ
شﺮﮕﻧ ﻦﻳا دﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺎﻫ
ﺎﻘﺗرا ﻪﺑ ي ﻚﻤﻛ شزﻮﻣآ ﺪﻨﻳاﺮﻓ
دﺮﻛ ﺪﻫاﻮﺧ ا .
ترﺎﻬﻣ ﺖﻳﻮﻘﺗ ﺮﮕﻳد فﺮﻃ ز ﺎﻫ
و ﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑ ي دﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ نارﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻬﺟاﻮﻣ زا ﻞﺒﻗ نﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧاد ﻲﻃﺎﺒﺗرا
ﺪﺷ ﺪﻫاﻮﺧ نﺎﻣرد و شزﻮﻣآ ﺮﻴﺴﻣ .
ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ
1. Joolaee S,Nikbakh-nasrabadi A,Parsayekta Z,Tschudin z,Mansuri I.An iranian perspective on patients rights,Nurs ethics.2006 ;13(5):488-502. available from: http://nej.sagepub.com/content/13/5/488.short 2.Larijani B, Jafarian A, Kazemian A, Sadrhoseini M..[ Pezeshk va molahezate akhlaghi]. 2 ed. Tehran:
Baraie farda; 2005.[Persian]
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http://journals.tums.ac.ir/abs.aspx?org_id=59&culture_var=fa&journal_id=37&issue_id=1778&manuscr ipt_id=15140&segment=fa
4.Mosaddegh Rad AM..[ Koliat modiriat khadamat behdashti va darmani]. Tehran:Dibagaran Tehran;2002.
[Persian]. available from: http://lib.arums.ac.ir/cgi-bin/koha/opac- detail.pl?biblionumber=2442&shelfbrowse_itemnumber=9129
5.Waterbury J. Refuting patients obligations to clinical training: a critical analysis of the arguments for an obligation of patients to participate in the clinical education of medical students. Med Edu 2001;35:286- 94
6. Williamson C, Wilkie P. Teaching medical students in general practice: respecting patients' rights. BMJ.
1997 Nov 1;315(7116):1108-9.
7.Parsapur A, Mohammad K, Malek Afzali H, Alaedini F, Larijani B. [Baresi negaresh bimaran, Pezeshkan va parastaran dar khosos zarorate reaiate hoghogh bimar]. Majale akhlagh va tarikh pezeshki. 2009;4(2):
79-90. [Persian]
8. Kuzu N, Ergin A, Zencir M. Patients' awareness of their rights in a developing country. Public Health.
2006 Apr;120(4):290-6. Epub 2006 Feb 14.
9. Hadadgar A, Jowshan R, Changiz T, Shams B and Yousefy A. [Where is here, what am i? Designing, implementation and evaluation of an introduction to clinical clerkship course for medical students].
IJME 2000;1(1):26-30.[Persian]
10.Avizhgan M, Omid A, Dehghani M, Esmaeilee A, Asilian A. [Determining Minimum Skill Achievements in Advanced Clinical Clerkship(Externship) in School of Medicine Using Logbooks]. Iranian journal of medical education 2011, 10(5): 543-551. [Persian]
11. British Medical Association. Role of the patient in medical education. [cited 2011-20-1]. Available from:
WWW.bma.org.uk/medical-education/roleof thepatient.jsp
Training Team’s Attitudes Toward The Patient’s Consent To Participate In Clinical Education
Omid Pirhaji1,Athar Omid 2, Faraidoon Haghdoost3, Behrooz Oliya4, Zahra Johari5 Abstract
Introduction: In educational hospitals, sometimes the patients that seek medical health care are involved in teaching and learning process without enough knowledge about medical students’ skills. This study aimed to examine medical training team’s attitude toward patient's consent to participate in clinical training.
Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at Isfahan University of medical sciences using a researcher-made 12-item questionnaire with 5-point Likert Scale. From the target population including all of the professors and residents of Isfahan University of medical sciences, 61 took part in study.
Results: Forty two point five percent of the participants were residents and 57.5% were professors. The overall mean attitude score was 34.9 ±3.03 that was considered moderate. The mean attitude score for professors and residents were 35.58±3.35 and 33.88 ±3.03, respectively which were not significantly different. Most of the participants believed that patients should not be informed about students' ability levels before examination.
Conclusion: It seems that the concern of the medical training team about lack of patient cooperation in teaching and learning process results in ignoring in patients' rights in making an informed choice.
Conducting further studies in order to find the causes and solutions to improve and upgrade the existing situation is suggested.
Keywords: Teacher, Resident, Clinical Education, Patient Consent
Addresses:
1- Medical Students' Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. E-mail:
2- () PhD Student in Medical Education, Department of Medical Education, Medical Education research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. E-mail:
3- Medical Students' Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. E-mail:
4- Medical Students' Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. E-mail:
5- PhD Student in Medical Education, Department of Medical Education, Medical Education research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. E-mail: [email protected]
