첫째, 직무분석 방법에 대하여 전반적으로 검토하고, 이를 바탕으로 직 무분석 모델과 양식을 개선할 필요가 있다.
한국직업능력개발원에서는 1998년부터 ‘직업교육훈련과정 개발을 위한 직무분석’ 연구․사업을 수행해왔다. 그 동안 직무분석 방법, 절차 및 양 식에 대한 요구 조사와 전문가의 의견 수렴을 통하여 ‘직무분석 지침서’를 매년 부분적으로 개선하여 왔다. 그러나 이와 같은 직무분석 방법은 전통 산업 직업의 직무분석에는 우수하게 적용할 수 있지만, 지식 기반 산업화 에 따른 직무 변화 내용을 분석하는 것에는 한계가 있다는 지적이 있었 다.
그러므로 향후 직무분석 사업에서는 이러한 논의 내용을 검토하고, 국 내외 직무분석 관련 자료를 충분히 분석하여, 이를 토대로 직무분석 방법, 절차 및 양식의 적용을 개선할 필요가 있다.
둘째, 직무분석 결과 활용에 대한 심층적인 요구 조사가 요구된다.
2002년 개발된 직무분석 자료의 만족도 및 활용도를 파악하고, 2003년 개발될 직무분석 자료 수정과 2004년 직무분석에 대한 요구를 반영하기
위하여, 2002년 12월부터 2003년 3월까지 2002년 직무분석 직업과 관련이
있는 4년제 대학, 전문 대학, 직업 훈련 기관 관련 교원들을 대상으로 설
문 조사를 실시하였으나, 회수율이 17%미만으로 미비하여 그 결과를 본 보고서에 반영하지 않은 제한점이 있다. 다만, 향후 활용 계획이 81.6%로 높게 나타난 점, 직업 교육 훈련 현장에서 직무분석 자료의 활용을 높이 기 위해서는 교원이 공동으로 활용할 수 있는 도서관으로 해당 자료를 발 송해야 한다는 요구 등의 시사점을 도출할 수 있었다.
이에, 향후 직무분석 사업에서는 직무분석이 끝난 직후, 직업별 직무분 석 관련 수요자들의 요구 조사 분석을 심층적으로 진행하여 현장의 의견 을 파악하고 이를 반영하는 것이 요구된다.
셋째, 직무분석 내용을 구체화할 수 있도록 관련 예산을 조정할 필요가 있다.
앞에서 언급하였듯이 2002년 개발된 직무분석 자료의 만족도 및 활용도 를 파악하기 위하여 조사한 결과 직무분석 결과의 일부 내용을 더욱 상세 하게 제시하여 줄 것을 요구하고 있다. 그러나 현재의 예산으로는 내용을 구체화하기에 한계가 있다.
그러므로 직무분석에 대한 수요자 요구 조사 결과 현재보다 내용 상세 화가 필요하다면 관련 예산을 증액하여 이를 추진할 필요가 있다.
넷째, 향후, 직무분석 사업은 관련 있는 연구․사업과 연계하여 운영되 어야 한다.
직무분석 사업은「직업변동에 관한 연구(Ⅲ)」와 연계하여 추진하고 있 다. 그리하여 매년 동일 분야에 대하여 직업 변동에 관한 연구를 추진하 고, 여기서 추출된 유망 직업을 토대로 당해 연도 직무분석 대상 직업을 선정하고 있다. 또한, 직무분석과 관련하여 본 원에서 추진하고 있는 국가 직무능력표준 개발에 관한 연구․사업과 연계하여 추진할 필요가 있다.
‘국가직무능력표준 개발 사업’의 중요 사업 내용 중 하나가 직무분석 부
문이며 ‘직업교육훈련과정 개발을 위한 직무분석’에서도 직무분석이 중요 한 부문이다.
그러므로 직무분석 사업은 ‘직업 변동에 관한 연구’와 ‘국가직무능력표 준 개발 연구․사업’과 밀접하게 연계하여 운영되어야 할 것이다.
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Abstract
Job Analysis for the Development of Vocational Education & Training Curriculum
Korea Research Institute for Vocational Education & Training Researcher-in-Charge : In-Joong Ju Research Staff : Jong-Sung Park
Sook-Young Byun
1. Project Overview
Our Institute carried out a job analysis research project from 1998 to 2002 and developed a guidebook for job analysis. We analyzed 65 kinds of vocations and distributed the results to vocational education and training organizations.
Thus, this project, as a continuation of "Job Analysis for developing Vocational Education & Training Program" executed from 1998, is aimed at complementing a guidebook for job analysis developed in 2002 to improve its usage in the areas of education, training and qualification, and at making and distributing basic data to develop curriculum for vocational education, standards for vocational training, and guidelines for making questions in qualification examination for 10 kinds of vocations through job analysis, which were precedently selected, for the purpose, out of environment industry-related vocations drawn from <A Study on Change in Vocations(III)>
carried out together with this project by our Institute this year. The project contents and results suggested through this project are as following.
2. Project Contents
The contents of this project are first, to analyze what have precedently been done for job analysis, second, to complement a guidebook for job analysis, third, to select vocations for which job analysis will be made, and fourth, to carry out job analysis for developing curriculum for vocational education and training and guidelines for making questions and to distribute comprehensive data made on a basis of the results.
Project methods for the purpose of this project are an analysis on literatures and data related to job analysis, questionnaire surveys and interviews at home and abroad for figuring out status on the usage of job analysis data developed in 2002, experts councils for complementing job analysis, selecting target vocations and conducting job analysis by the vocations, and job analysis applying DACUM method.
In the first place, this report presents job analysis models by procedures for developing curriculum for vocational education and training. The first step is preparation for job analysis(data research, interviews and selection of experts), the second step the establishment of job models(first expert council and site study), the third step the drawn-out of knowledge, skills, and tools(the second expert council and site study), the fourth step the selection of courses and subjects(the third expert council), the fifth step the specification of education and training contents(the fourth expert council), and the sixth the establishment of guidelines for making questions(the fifth expert council and the third site study). In this project, job analysis for 10 vocations were conducted in accordance with these procedures.
A. Complementing a Guidebook for Job Analysis
In order to meet the needs for complementing a guidebook for job analysis, questionnaire surveys were carried out from December 2002 through April 2003 with the government officials related to the 2002 job analysis and faculty members of vocational training institutes and relevant departments of colleges and interviews were conducted from March to May in 2003 with experts on job analysis and relevant experts in environment industries.
In addition, a guidebook for job analysis was revised and complemented through consultations for reforming job analysis, expert councils for reviewing the procedures of job analysis and a guidebook.
What were revised and complemented are first, 'high school', 'middle school' and 'elementary school' in the level classification of basic capability for job were revised into 'A', 'B', and 'C', second, relevant work elements about knowledge and skills in work specifications were crossed out, third, the item of description on the completion of education and training was eliminated, fourth, terminologies of vocational education and training used in a guidebook for job analysis were redefined through an analysis on literatures and expert councils.
B. Selection of Target Vocations for Job Analysis
To select target vocations for job analysis, first, the results of 'A Study on Change in Vocations(III)' were examined, second, opinions of the related government bodies(the Ministry of Environment) and organizations (Environment Management Corporation and others) were reflected by sending official documents to select target vocations for job analysis in order to develop curriculum for vocational education and training, third, expert councils were held with the participation of officials in charge of
environment policy of the Ministry of Environment, environment related experts working in environment industry, professors specialized in environment, and people in charge of job analysis of Human Resources Development Service of Korea, fourth, the final 10 target vocations were selected through some procedures like research team councils.
Out of 33 kinds of promising vocations in an environment field presented in <A Study on Change in Vocations(III)>, vocations which are hard to educate and train in colleges and vocational education and training institutes were excluded through the opinions of the relevant government bodies and organizations and expert councils. And, discussions over vocations possible to educate and train and the selection of targets for job analysis were followed.
10 target vocations for job analysis were selected on a basis of the following criteria.
First, they shall have adequate levels for education and training as well as be possible units enough to develop curriculum for vocational education and training in junior colleges (two-year colleges) and vocational education and training institutes. Second, due to the lack of development of curriculum for vocational education and training in junior colleges, vocations immediately required to be developed and distributed were selected. Third, they shall not be recently developed. Vocations which are highly demanded in industries in recent days were selected such as Construction Environmental Manager, Recycling Management Engineer, environment energy engineer and environment date processing engineer.
Fourth, job analysis for the vocations shall not be conducted before.
The 10 kinds of vocations for job analysis finally selected through these procedures are Air Quality Manager, Noise and Vibration Manager, Waste Management Engineer, Construction Environmental Manager, Occupational
and Environmental Hygienist, Recycling Management Engineer, environment energy engineer, Environmental facility Manager, earth contamination engineer, Environment GIS engineer.
C. Job Analysis for 10 Vocations
Job analysis for 10 vocations related to 2003 environment industry was carried out through five times of intensive analyses and site studies by an expert council which was composed of head analysts of each area, vocational education and training experts and seven to eight field experts.
The results are presented in the Chapter V of this report with the summaries of job definitions by each vocation, job models, areas of vocation activities, curriculum for education and training and guidelines for making questions in examinations.
부 록
<부록 1> 전문가 협의회 참석자 명단 ···102
<부록 2> 직무분석 자료 활용 및 개선 의견 조사를 위한 설문지·103
<부록 3> 직무분석 자료 활용 및 개선 의견 조사 결과 ···107
<부록 4> 직업별 직무분석 자료 목록(1998∼2003년)···112
<부록 5> 직업교육훈련과정 개발을 위한 직무분석 지침서(2003) 115