혼합사료에 Jacon, 생강, 블루베리를 첨가하면 발아에 도움이 됩니다. 본 연구에서는 혼합사료에 함유된 Jacon, 생강, 블루베리 및 상업용 프로바이오틱스(LF)(Lactobacillus fermentum) 첨가제가 가자미 치어의 성장, 사료 가용성, 체성분, 혈액 특성 및 Streptococcus iniae 공격성에 미치는 영향을 조사했습니다. 조사되었다. 감염 후 48시간부터 관찰 종료(감염 후 8일)까지 누적 사망률은 CON 사료에 비해 현저히 낮았습니다.
그리고 8주간 뼈를 급여한 실험 먹이는 S. CON 먹이에 비해 누적 사망률이 유의하게 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 가자미용 복합사료에 야콘, 생강, 블루베리를 첨가하는 것은 가자미의 성장에 영향을 미치지 않으나 S.
Introduction
In addition, the prebiotic effect of YC strengthens the immune system and improves resistance to infections and allergic reactions (Delgado et al. 2013). Ginger (GG) has been reported to be an antibiotic substitute because GG extract possesses antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer properties (Onyeagba et al. Gingerol is an active volatile oil in GG and responsible for its pungent taste (Longe et al. 2005).
Herbs and spices are very important and useful feed additives as a therapeutic agent against many pathogenic infections (Gull et al. 2012).
Materials and Methods
- Fish and the experimental conditions
- Preparation of the experimental diets
- Chemical analysis of the whole body and serum of olive flounder
- Challenge test
- Statistical analysis
1Lactobacillus fermentum (LF) was purchased from Chang-Jo Biotec Co Ltd. Jeju, Korea), a watery type that was included in the experimental diets in place of the same amount of water. One percent of YC, GG, and BB were included in the CON diet at the expense of wheat flour, referred to as the YC, GG, and BB diets, respectively. The ingredients of the experimental diets were mixed well with water at a ratio of 3:1 and pelletized using a laboratory pellet extruder.
All experimental diets were prepared to satisfy dietary requirements for olive flounder (Kim et al. Chemical analysis of the experimental diets and whole body of olive flounder was done according to AOAC (1990). Rulipid was determined using an ether extraction method ( Soxtec TM 2043 Fat Extraction System, Foss Tecator, Sweden), moisture was determined by oven drying at 105°C for 24 hours and ash was determined using a muffle furnace at 550°C for 4 hours.
For serum analysis, olive flounder were starved for 24 h at the end of the 8-week feeding trial. After that, the fish were anesthetized with ethyl aminobenzoate at a concentration of 50 ppm and blood samples were taken from the tail vein of five randomly selected olive flounder from each tank with a heparinized syringe. After the 4-week and 8-week feeding trials, healthy, disease-free olive flounder were selected from each tank for the challenge test and then stored in 12 50-liter tanks.
At the end of the 4- and 8-week feeding trial, 10 and 20 olives sampled from each tank were injected intraperitoneally with 0.1 ml culture suspension of the pathogen S . Dead fish were removed every 6 h for the first 4 days and every 12 h for the remainder of the monitoring period.
Results
Survival (%), weight gain (g/fish) and specific growth rate (SGR) of olive mushrooms fed the experimental diets containing different phyto-additives for 8 weeks. Feed consumption, feed efficiency (FE), protein efficiency ratio (PER), protein retention (PR) and condition factor (CF) of olive mushrooms fed the experimental diets containing different phyto-additives for 8 weeks. Proximate analysis (%, wet weight basis) of whole olive pomace fed the experimental diets containing different phyto-additives for 8 weeks.
Serum chemistry of olive flounder fed the experimental diet containing the different phyto-additives for 8 weeks. In challenge tests after the 4-week feeding trial, significantly (P < 0.05) greater cumulative mortality was observed in olive flounder fed the CON diet compared to all other diets after 42 h until the end of the rest of the observation periods after S. The lowest cumulative mortality was observed in olive flounder fed the GG and LF diets.
The highest cumulative mortality (96.7%) was recorded in olive flounder fed the CON diet at the end of the 8-day observation after S. In the provocation test after the 8-week feeding trial, a significantly (P < 0.05) greater cumulative mortality in flounder fed the CON diet compared to the other diets (LF, YC, GG and BB diets) from 96 h post-observation to the end of post-observation periods. The highest cumulative mortality (95%) was observed in flounder fed the CON diet at the end of 8 days post-observation.
Cumulative mortality (%) of olive mushrooms fed the experimental diets containing commercial probiotics, Lactobacillus fermentum (LF) and various phyto-additives for 4 weeks, and then infected with Gram-positive Streptococcus iniae (mean of triplicates ± SE ). Cumulative mortality (%) of olive mushrooms fed the experimental diets containing commercial probiotics, Lactobacillus fermentum (LF) and various phyto-additives for 8 weeks, and then infected with gram-positive Streptococcus iniae (mean of triplicates ± SE ).
Discussion
Weight gain of rainbow trout and sea bass fed the diet containing different levels of garlic and GG was proportional to the amount of additives included in the diet (Nya & Austin 2009a, b; Talpur 2014; Talpur et al. 2013). Therefore, using environmentally friendly and natural products can be considered the best option to increase fish growth and immunity and replace antibiotic use in aquaculture. The proximate and serum composition of olive flounder was not affected by the experimental diet in this study.
Different studies showed that the effect of dietary inclusion of oriental plants improved the growth and quality of olive muscle and decreased plasma cholesterol of fish (Kim et al reported that dietary inclusion of green tea was effective in reducing serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol low (LDL) and cholesterol and different serum cholesterol. GPT in olive meal when different sources of green tea were treated. Cho & Lee (2012) also showed that olive bulb fed with diet containing onion improved activity of lysozyme and reduced fish mortality against Edwardsiella tarda.2007a) showed that olive weight achieved higher carcass weight and unsaturated fatty acid content and lower carcass saturated fatty acid content than the control diet fed fish, including no additives when a herbal mixture of Massa medicata fementata, Crataegi fructus, Artemisia capillaris and Cnidium officiale (2:2:1:1) was added to the diet. The significant reduction in cumulative mortality of olive greens fed the experimental diets containing different phyto-additives was the most attractive result in the present study.
The lowest cumulative mortality was observed in flounder fed GG and LF diets after a 4- (Figure 1) and 8-week feeding trial (Figure 2), respectively. The highest cumulative mortality of olive flounder fed the CON diet compared to all other diets in this study probably indicated that the applied phytoadditives and commercial probiotics were effective in reducing the mortality of olive flounder exposed to S. (2017) reported, that the inclusion of YC in the diet. , GG and BB effectively reduced the cumulative mortality of olive flounder infected with E. The bioactive compounds polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins and saponins found in GG, YC and BB may be related to the lower cumulative mortality of olive flounder fed YC, GG and BB diets in this study compared to the CON diet.
Phyto-additives can increase immunity by macrophage activation in fish (Jorgensen et al. 1993), affect the blood cells (Nya & Austin 2009a, b; Sahu et al. 2007; Talpur & Ikhwanuddin increase lysozyme, phagocyte and complement activity and increase plasma protein ( globulin and albumin), which has a strong innate response in fish (Cho & Lee 2012;. Dietary supplementation of fermented garlic powder can enhance the nonspecific immune responses and disease resistance of olive flounder against V.
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
Effects of dietary extract of Scutellaria baicalensis on the growth, feed utilization and challenge test of the olive mushroom (Paralichthys olivaceus). Effect of dietary inclusion of different sources of green tea on growth, body composition and blood chemistry of juvenile olive, Paralichthys olivaceus. Effects of some phytoadditives on growth, health and meat quality in different fish species.
Effects of dietary inclusion of yacon, ginger and blueberries on the growth, body composition and challenge test of juvenile rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli) against Edwardsiella tarda. Effects of dietary supplementation with garlic extract on the immune responses and disease resistance of olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. Effect of feed additives on the growth, feed consumption and body composition of juvenile redfish Sebastes schlegeli.
Effects of dietary protein and energy levels on growth and body composition of juvenile flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Effects of three doses of oral oxolinic acid treatment on the selection of antibiotic-resistant Aeromonas: Experimental approach in cultured trout. Effects of Allium sativum on immunity and survival of Labeo rohita infected with Aeromonas hydrophila.
Effects of garlic (Alliumsativum) and chloramphenicol on growth, physiological parameters and survival of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Dietary effects of garlic (Allium sativum) on hemato-immunological parameters, survival, growth and disease resistance against Vibrio harveyi infection in Asian sea bass, Lates calcarifer (Bloch). Dietary effects of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) on the immune response of Asian sea bass, Lates calcarifer (Bloch) and disease resistance to Vibrio harveyi.
Effects of hot water extract of Toona sinensis on immune response and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila in Oreochromis mossambicus.
