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°ÆÀ¡“¬°”Àπ¥ ·≈–æ√–√“™∫—≠≠—µ‘À≈—°ª√–°—π ÿ¢¿“æ·Ààß

Abstract Factors Related to Participation in the Assessment of a Hospital Network Quality Audit by Health Profesionals in a Community Hospital in Chonburi Province Sophon Wichianprapai*

*Panthong Hospital, Chonburi Province, Thailand

Background and Rationale: The health service system, as one part of the means for preserving health, is focused on health insurance to assure the good quality, efficiency, and equity of health services. The main concept behind developing and improving health services, using the Hospital Network Quality Audit, is the participation and willingness of people to develop the quality of health services continuously. Therefore, participation plays a major role in the success of the Hospital Network Quality Audit.

Methodology: This was a descriptive research study using cross-sectional analy- sis. The questionnaires were distributed between the 3rd and 10th of October 2007. The data were entered into the program to analyze them for frequency, percentage, means, standard deviation, and range. Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the relationships between the independent variables and the participation in the Hospital Network Quality Audit.

Setting: Two hundred and fifty-six health professionals for the Hospital Network Quality Audit in the hospital network, Chonburi Province.

Results: The majority of health professionals had a medium level of knowledge of the factors in the Hospital Network Quality Audit. Knowledge factors were significantly related to the level of participation in the Hospital Network Quality Audit. The majority of the health professionals had a medium level of motivator factors and there were significantly related to the participation in the Audit. When considering each subscale, the results showed that the subscales of advancement, achievement, recognition, work itself and responsibility were significantly related to the participation in the Hospital Network Quality Audit; the majority of the health professionals involved had a low level of hygiene factors and these factors were significantly related to their participation in the Au- dit. When considering each subscale, the subscales of policy and administration, work conditions, interpersonal relations with supervisor, subordinates, peers, salary and job security were significantly related to participation in the Audit, and the majority of the health professionals had a medium level of participation in it.

From the results of this study, suggestions were made on measures ranging from personal development by self-learning, training and seminars for quality improvement.

Moreover, the hospital committee should assess the needs of all staff in order to improve the social welfare benefits and financial remuneration in addition to the government sup- port.

Key words: knowledge factors, motivator factors, hygiene factors, participation, Hospital Network Quality Audit

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(4)

ˆÒ¯

æ¬“∫“≈ —µÀ’∫ ·≈–‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈ÀπÕß„À≠à.

°≈ÿà¡µ—«Õ¬à“ß∑’Ë„™â„π°“√«‘®—¬‰¥â®“°°“√§”π«≥¢π“¥

µ—«Õ¬à“ß‚¥¬„™â Ÿµ√§”π«≥¢π“¥µ—«Õ¬à“ß °√≥’∑√“∫®”π«π ª√–™“°√∑’Ë·πàπÕπ^(Û) ·≈–§—¥‡≈◊Õ°µ—«Õ¬à“ß‚¥¬°“√ ÿà¡µ—«Õ¬à“ß

·∫∫¡’√–∫∫¥—ßπ’È

N n =

1 + N (e)²

‡¡◊ËÕ n = ¢π“¥µ—«Õ¬à“ß

N = ®”π«πª√–™“°√∫ÿ§≈“°√∑’Ë‡°’Ë¬«¢âÕß°—∫°“√

¥”‡π‘πß“πµ“¡¡“µ√∞“π∫√‘°“√ “∏“√≥ ÿ¢‚¥¬°“√µ√«®

ª√–‡¡‘π§ÿ≥¿“æ·∫∫‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬ ¢Õß‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈™ÿ¡™π„π

®—ßÀ«—¥™≈∫ÿ√’ = ˜ÒÚ §π

e = §à“§«“¡§“¥‡§≈◊ËÕπ∑’Ë¬Õ¡√—∫‰¥â „π∑’Ëπ’È°”Àπ¥

= .ı

·∑π§à“„π Ÿµ√

712 n =

1 + 712 (0.05)²

712

= = 256.12 ªí¥≈ß‡ªìπ 256 2.78

¥—ßπ—Èπ ‰¥â°≈ÿà¡µ—«Õ¬à“ß‡∑à“°—∫ Úıˆ §π.

°“√§—¥‡≈◊Õ°µ—«Õ¬à“ß

„™â°“√ ÿà¡µ—«Õ¬à“ß·∫∫¡’√–∫∫ ´÷Ëß¡’¢—ÈπµÕπ°“√¥”‡π‘π

°“√¥—ßπ’È

Ò. π”√“¬™◊ËÕ¢Õß‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈™ÿ¡™π„π‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬¡“

®—¥‡√’¬ßµ“¡µ—«Õ—°…√ ·≈â«π”√“¬™◊ËÕ∫ÿ§≈“°√¡“®—¥‡√’¬ß ‚¥¬

‡√’¬ßµ”·Àπàß¢Õß∫ÿ§≈“°√µ“¡µ—«Õ—°…√ Õ’°§√—Èß.

Ú. ‡¡◊ËÕ®—¥‡√’¬ß√“¬™◊ËÕ‡ √Á®·≈â« π”√“¬™◊ËÕ¡“„Àâ

≈”¥—∫®“° Ò-˜ÒÚ.

Û. À“™à«ß°“√ ÿà¡ (I) ‚¥¬π”®”π«π∫ÿ§≈“°√∑—ÈßÀ¡¥

À“√¥â«¬¢π“¥µ—«Õ¬à“ß (N/n) „π∑’Ëπ’È I = Ú.˜¯ ªí¥

¢÷Èπ‡ªìπ Û.

Ù. À“‡≈¢‡√‘Ë¡µâπ„π°“√ ÿà¡µ—«Õ¬à“ß (R) ¥â«¬°“√ ÿà¡

µ—«Õ¬à“ß·∫∫ßà“¬ „π∑’Ëπ’È ÿà¡‰¥â Ú.

ı. ºŸâ∑’Ë‡ªìπµ—«Õ¬à“ß„π°“√»÷°…“§◊ÕºŸâ∑’Ë¡’≈”¥—∫∑’Ë‡∑à“°—∫

Ú, Ú+Û = ı, Ú+(ÚxÛ) = ¯,.... ∑”‡™àππ’È‰ª‡√◊ËÕ¬ Ê ®π‰¥â µ—«Õ¬à“ß§√∫ Úıˆ §π.

‡§√◊ËÕß¡◊Õ∑’Ë„™â„π°“√‡°Á∫¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈

„™â·∫∫ Õ∫∂“¡‡°’Ë¬«°—∫ªí®®—¬∑’Ë¡’§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å µàÕ°“√¡’ à«π√à«¡¢Õß∫ÿ§≈“°√ “∏“√≥ ÿ¢„π°“√¥”‡π‘πß“π µ“¡¡“µ√∞“π∫√‘°“√ “∏“√≥ ÿ¢‚¥¬°“√µ√«®ª√–‡¡‘π

§ÿ≥¿“æ·∫∫‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬ ‡ªìπ·∫∫ Õ∫∂“¡∑’ËºŸâ«‘®—¬ √â“ß¢÷Èπ‡Õß µ“¡ªí≠À“ «—µ∂ÿª√– ß§å·≈–µ“¡·π«∑“ß∑ƒ…Æ’°“√®Ÿß„®¢Õß

‡ŒÕ√å´‡∫Õ√å°^(Ù) ®”π«π ˆı ¢âÕ.

∑” ° “ √ µ √ « ® Õ ∫ §ÿ ≥ ¿ “ æ ¢ Õ ß ‡ § √◊Ë Õ ß ¡◊ Õ ‚ ¥ ¬ „ ™â

·∫∫ Õ∫∂“¡°—∫∫ÿ§≈“°√ “∏“√≥ ÿ¢„π‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈∫â“π∫÷ß

®—ßÀ«—¥™≈∫ÿ√’ ´÷Ëß¡’°“√æ—≤π“§ÿ≥¿“æ§≈â“¬§≈÷ß°—π ®”π«π Û

§π ¥â“π§«“¡‡™◊ËÕ¡—Ëπ¢Õß‡§√◊ËÕß¡◊Õæ∫«à“§à“ —¡ª√– ‘∑∏‘Ï Õ—≈ø“¢Õß§√Õπ∫“§ ¢Õß·∫∫«—¥§«“¡√Ÿâ, ·∫∫«—¥ªí®®—¬®Ÿß„®

·≈–ªí®®—¬§È”®ÿπ·≈–·∫∫«—¥°“√¡’ à«π√à«¡¢Õß∫ÿ§≈“°√

“∏“√≥ ÿ¢„π°“√¥”‡π‘πß“πµ“¡¡“µ√∞“π∫√‘°“√ “∏“√≥ ÿ¢

‚¥¬°“√µ√«®ª√–‡¡‘π§ÿ≥¿“æ·∫∫‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬ ‰¥â§à“§«“¡‡™◊ËÕ

¡—Ëπ‡∑à“°—∫ .¯Û, .¯¯ ·≈– .¯˘ µ“¡≈”¥—∫.

‡°Á∫√«∫√«¡¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈‚¥¬„™â·∫∫ Õ∫∂“¡§√—Èß‡¥’¬«„π

™à«ß«—π∑’Ë Û-Ò µÿ≈“§¡ Úıı ‚¥¬ª√– “πß“π°—∫ºŸâÕ”π«¬

°“√‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈™ÿ¡™π„π‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬ ‡æ◊ËÕ¢Õ§«“¡Õπÿ‡§√“–Àå,

¢Õ§«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ„π°“√»÷°…“«‘®—¬·≈–‡°Á∫·∫∫ Õ∫∂“¡,

¥”‡π‘π°“√ª√– “π°—∫ΩÉ“¬∫√‘À“√ß“π∑—Ë«‰ª¢Õß‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈

™ÿ¡™π„π‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬ ‡æ◊ËÕ¢Õ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈¢Õß∫ÿ§≈“°√ “∏“√≥ ÿ¢∑’Ë ªØ‘∫—µ‘ß“π∑ÿ°§π.

«‘‡§√“–Àå¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈¥â«¬‚ª√·°√¡ ”‡√Á®√Ÿª ‚¥¬«‘‡§√“–Àå

√–¥—∫§«“¡√Ÿâ ¥â«¬§à“√âÕ¬≈– ·≈–°“√·®°·®ß§«“¡∂’Ë

«‘‡§√“–Àå√–¥—∫ªí®®—¬®Ÿß„® √–¥—∫ªí®®—¬§È”®ÿπ ·≈–√–¥—∫°“√¡’

à«π√à«¡ ¥â«¬§à“√âÕ¬≈– §à“‡©≈’Ë¬ §à“‡∫’Ë¬ß‡∫π¡“µ√∞“π §à“æ‘ —¬

·≈–«‘‡§√“–Àå§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“ßµ—«·ª√µâπ‰¥â·°à §«“¡√Ÿâ ªí®®—¬®Ÿß„® ªí®®—¬§È”®ÿπ °—∫µ—«·ª√µ“¡ ‰¥â·°à °“√¡’ à«π√à«¡

¢Õß∫ÿ§≈“°√ “∏“√≥ ÿ¢„π°“√¥”‡π‘πß“πµ“¡¡“µ√∞“π 712

256

(5)

ˆÒ˘

∫√‘°“√ “∏“√≥ ÿ¢‚¥¬°“√µ√«®ª√–‡¡‘π§ÿ≥¿“æ·∫∫‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬

‚¥¬À“§à“ —¡ª√– ‘∑∏‘Ï À —¡æ—π∏å‡æ’¬√å —π.

º≈°“√»÷°…“

∫ÿ§≈“°√¢Õß‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈™ÿ¡™π‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬„π®—ßÀ«—¥™≈∫ÿ√’

√âÕ¬≈– ¯¯.˜ ‡ªìπÀ≠‘ß, Õ“¬ÿ Ûˆ.ÙÚ_±˜.˘˜ˆ ªï, «ÿ≤‘°“√

»÷°…“√–¥—∫ª√‘≠≠“µ√’√âÕ¬≈– ˆı.Ú, √âÕ¬≈– ıÙ.Û √—∫

√“™°“√„πµ”·ÀπàßºŸâªØ‘∫—µ‘ ¡’√–¬–‡«≈“√“™°“√ Ò-Ûı ªï ‚¥¬

∑”ß“π„π√–¬– Ò - Ò˘ ªï®”π«π¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥§‘¥‡ªìπ √âÕ¬≈–

ÙÙ.ı.

√–¥—∫§«“¡√Ÿâ‡°’Ë¬«°—∫°“√¥”‡π‘πß“πµ“¡¡“µ√∞“π

∫√‘°“√ “∏“√≥ ÿ¢‚¥¬°“√µ√«®ª√–‡¡‘π§ÿ≥¿“æ·∫∫‡§√◊Õ

¢à“¬Õ¬Ÿà„π√–¥—∫ª“π°≈“ß (µ“√“ß∑’Ë Ò).

§«“¡§‘¥‡ÀÁπ„π¿“æ√«¡¢Õßªí®®—¬®Ÿß„®„π°“√¥”‡π‘π ß“πµ“¡¡“µ√∞“π∫√‘°“√ “∏“√≥ ÿ¢‚¥¬°“√µ√«®ª√–‡¡‘π

§ÿ≥¿“æ·∫∫‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬¢Õß∫ÿ§≈“°√ “∏“√≥ ÿ¢‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈

™ÿ¡™π„π®—ßÀ«—¥™≈∫ÿ√’ Õ¬Ÿà„π√–¥—∫ª“π°≈“ß (Ú.Ùˆ_±.ıÛ).

√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥· ¥ß„πµ“√“ß∑’Ë Ú.

√–¥—∫§«“¡§‘¥‡ÀÁπ„π¿“æ√«¡¢Õßªí®®—¬§È”®ÿπ„π°“√

¥”‡π‘πß“πµ“¡¡“µ√∞“π∫√‘°“√ “∏“√≥ ÿ¢‚¥¬°“√µ√«®

ª√–‡¡‘π§ÿ≥¿“æ·∫∫‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬¢Õß∫ÿ§≈“°√ “∏“√≥ ÿ¢‚√ß æ¬“∫“≈™ÿ¡™π„π®—ßÀ«—¥™≈∫ÿ√’Õ¬Ÿà„π√–¥—∫πâÕ¬ (Ú.Úˆ_±.ıˆı)

¥Ÿ√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥„πµ“√“ß∑’Ë Û.

°“√¡’ à«π√à«¡„π¿“æ√«¡¢Õß∫ÿ§≈“°√ “∏“√≥ ÿ¢ „π

°“√¥”‡π‘πß“πµ“¡¡“µ√∞“π∫√‘°“√ “∏“√≥ ÿ¢‚¥¬°“√µ√«®

ª√–‡¡‘π·∫∫‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬Õ¬Ÿà„π√–¥—∫ª“π°≈“ß (Ú.ıÙ_±.ı˜¯).

√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥· ¥ß„πµ“√“ß∑’Ë Ù.

¿“æ√«¡¢Õßªí®®—¬®Ÿß„®¡’§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å°—∫°“√¡’ à«π

√à«¡¢Õß∫ÿ§≈“°√ “∏“√≥ ÿ¢„π°“√¥”‡π‘πß“πµ“¡¡“µ√∞“π

∫√‘°“√ “∏“√≥ ÿ¢‚¥¬°“√ª√–‡¡‘π§ÿ≥¿“æ·∫∫‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬

Õ¬à“ß¡’π—¬ ”§—≠∑“ß ∂‘µ‘∑’Ë√–¥—∫ .Ò (r = .Ù˘˘, §à“æ’

<.Ò). √“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥· ¥ß„πµ“√“ß∑’Ë ı.

¿“æ√«¡¢Õßªí®®—¬§È”®ÿπ¡’§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å°—∫°“√¡’ à«π

√à«¡¢Õß∫ÿ§≈“°√ “∏“√≥ ÿ¢„π°“√¥”‡π‘πß“πµ“¡¡“µ√∞“π

∫√‘°“√ “∏“√≥ ÿ¢‚¥¬°“√ª√–‡¡‘π§ÿ≥¿“æ·∫∫‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬

Õ¬à“ß¡’π—¬ ”§—≠∑“ß ∂‘µ‘∑’Ë√–¥—∫ .Ò (r = .Ùˆ, §à“æ’

<.Ò). √“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥· ¥ß„πµ“√“ß∑’Ë ˆ.

µ“√“ß∑’Ë Ò √–¥—∫§«“¡√Ÿâ¢Õß∫ÿ§≈“°√ “∏“√≥ ÿ¢‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈

™ÿ¡™π‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬„π®—ßÀ«—¥™≈∫ÿ√’ Úıˆ §π

√–¥—∫ §π √âÕ¬≈–

πâÕ¬ (-˘ §–·ππ) Ûı ÒÛ.˜

ª“π°≈“ß (Ò-ÒÚ §–·ππ) ÒÛÒ ıÒ.Ú

¡“° (ÒÛ-Òı §–·ππ) ˘ Ûı.Ú

µ“√“ß∑’Ë Ú §«“¡§‘¥‡ÀÁπ‡°’Ë¬«°—∫ªí®®—¬®Ÿß„®¢Õß∫ÿ§≈“°√ “∏“√≥ ÿ¢‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈™ÿ¡™π‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬„π®—ßÀ«—¥™≈∫ÿ√’ Úıˆ §π

®”·π°√“¬¥â“π·≈–¿“æ√«¡¢Õßªí®®—¬®Ÿß„®

ªí®®—¬ §à“‡©≈’Ë¬ §à“‡∫’Ë¬ß‡∫π¡“µ√∞“π √–¥—∫§«“¡§‘¥‡ÀÁπ¥â«¬

≈—°…≥–¢Õßß“π∑’ËªØ‘∫—µ‘ Ú.Ù¯ .ıÙı ª“π°≈“ß

§«“¡√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫ Ú.Ú¯ .ıÚÙ πâÕ¬

§«“¡ ”‡√Á®„π°“√∑”ß“π Ú.Ùˆ .ıÛ ª“π°≈“ß

°“√‰¥â√—∫°“√¬Õ¡√—∫π—∫∂◊Õ Ú.ÛÒ .ı˜ πâÕ¬

§«“¡°â“«Àπâ“„π°“√∑”ß“π Ú.ÛÛ .ı˜ πâÕ¬

¿“æ√«¡¢Õßªí®®—¬®Ÿß„® Ú.Ùˆ .ıÛ ª“π°≈“ß

(6)

ˆÚ

µ“√“ß∑’Ë Û √–¥—∫§«“¡§‘¥‡ÀÁπ‡°’Ë¬«°—∫ªí®®—¬§È”®ÿπ¢Õß∫ÿ§≈“°√ “∏“√≥ ÿ¢‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈™ÿ¡™π‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬„π®—ßÀ«—¥™≈∫ÿ√’ Úıˆ §π

®”·π°µ“¡√“¬¥â“π·≈–¿“æ√«¡¢Õßªí®®—¬§È”®ÿπ

ªí®®—¬ §à“‡©≈’Ë¬ §à“‡∫’Ë¬ß‡∫π¡“µ√∞“π √–¥—∫§«“¡§‘¥‡ÀÁπ¥â«¬

‡ß‘π‡¥◊Õπ·≈–ª√–‚¬™πå‡°◊ÈÕ°Ÿ≈ Ò.˘¯ .ˆÛı πâÕ¬

§«“¡¡—Ëπ§ß„πß“π∑’Ë∑” Ú.ÚÛ .Ù˘˘ πâÕ¬

¿“æ°“√∑”ß“π Ú.ÒÙ .ˆÚı πâÕ¬

—¡æ—π∏¿“æ°—∫ºŸâ∫—ß§—∫∫—≠™“ œ Ú.Û˘ .ı˜Ò ª“π°≈“ß

π‚¬∫“¬·≈–°“√∫√‘À“√ Ú.ÛÒ .ˆıÛ πâÕ¬

¿“æ√«¡¢Õßªí®®—¬§È”®ÿπ Ú.Úˆ .ıˆı πâÕ¬

µ“√“ß∑’Ë Ù °“√¡’ à«π√à«¡¢Õß∫ÿ§≈“°√ “∏“√≥ ÿ¢ Úıˆ §π„π°“√¥”‡π‘πß“πµ“¡¡“µ√∞“π∫√‘°“√ “∏“√≥ ÿ¢‚¥¬°“√µ√«®ª√–‡¡‘π§ÿ≥¿“æ

·∫∫‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈™ÿ¡™π„π®—ßÀ«—¥™≈∫ÿ√’ ®”·π°√“¬¥â“π·≈–¿“æ√«¡¢Õß°“√¡’ à«π√à«¡

°“√¡’ à«π√à«¡ §à“‡©≈’Ë¬ §à“‡∫’Ë¬ß‡∫π¡“µ√∞“π √–¥—∫

· ¥ß§«“¡§‘¥‡ÀÁπ Ú.ÛÛ .ˆˆÒ πâÕ¬

«“ß·ºπ Ú.ıÛ .ı˘˘ ª“π°≈“ß

ªØ‘∫—µ‘ß“π Ú.˜Ò .Ùˆ˜ ª“π°≈“ß

ª√– “πß“π Ú.˜Ò .Ùˆ˜ ª“π°≈“ß

ª√–‡¡‘πº≈ Ú.ÚÒ .˜ÛÒ πâÕ¬

¿“æ√«¡ Ú.ıÙ .ı˜¯ ª“π°≈“ß

µ“√“ß∑’Ë ı §«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“ßªí®®—¬®Ÿß„®°—∫°“√¡’ à«π√à«¡¢Õß∫ÿ§≈“°√ “∏“√≥ ÿ¢ Úıˆ §π„π°“√¥”‡π‘πß“πµ“¡¡“µ√∞“π∫√‘°“√

“∏“√≥ ÿ¢‚¥¬°“√µ√«®ª√–‡¡‘π§ÿ≥¿“æ·∫∫‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬ ®”·π°µ“¡√“¬¥â“π·≈–¿“æ√«¡¢Õßªí®®—¬®Ÿß„®

°“√¡’ à«π√à«¡„π°“√¥”‡π‘πß“π ªí®®—¬®Ÿß„®

Õ“√å §à“æ’

≈—°…≥–¢Õßß“π∑’ËªØ‘∫—µ‘ .ÙÚˆ* <.Ò

§«“¡√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫ .ÛÛ˜* <.Ò

§«“¡ ”‡√Á®„π°“√∑”ß“π .ÙÙˆ* <.Ò

°“√‰¥â√—∫°“√¬°¬àÕßπ—∫∂◊Õ .ÙıÙ* <.Ò

§«“¡°â“«Àπâ“„πß“π∑’Ë∑” .ıˆ* <.Ò

¿“æ√«¡¢Õßªí®®—¬®Ÿß„® .Ù˘˘* <.Ò

*π—¬ ”§—≠∑“ß ∂‘µ‘∑’Ë√–¥—∫ .Ò

(7)

ˆÚÒ

®“°º≈°“√»÷°…“‡°’Ë¬«°—∫ªí®®—¬∑’Ë¡’§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å°—∫°“√¡’

à«π√à«¡„π°“√¥”‡π‘πß“πµ“¡¡“µ√∞“π∫√‘°“√ “∏“√≥ ÿ¢

‚¥¬°“√µ√«®ª√–‡¡‘π§ÿ≥¿“æ·∫∫‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬¢Õß∫ÿ§≈“°√¢Õß

‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈™ÿ¡™π„π®—ßÀ«—¥™≈∫ÿ√’ æ∫«à“ªí®®—¬§«“¡√Ÿâ‡°’Ë¬«

°—∫°“√¥”‡π‘πß“πµ“¡¡“µ√∞“π∫√‘°“√ “∏“√≥ ÿ¢‚¥¬°“√

µ√«®ª√–‡¡‘π·∫∫‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬ ¡’§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å°—∫°“√¡’ à«π√à«¡

¢Õß∫ÿ§≈“°√ “∏“√≥ ÿ¢„π°“√¥”‡π‘πß“πµ“¡¡“µ√∞“π

∫√‘°“√ “∏“√≥ ÿ¢‚¥¬°“√µ√«®ª√–‡¡‘π§ÿ≥¿“æ·∫∫‡§√◊Õ

¢à“¬Õ¬à“ß¡’π—¬ ”§—≠∑“ß ∂‘µ‘∑’Ë√–¥—∫ .Ò (r = .ÚÙÛ, §à“æ’

<.Ò).

«‘®“√≥å

®“°º≈°“√«‘®—¬§√—Èßπ’Èæ∫«à“ªí®®—¬¥â“π§«“¡√Ÿâ¡’§«“¡

—¡æ—π∏åµàÕ°“√¡’ à«π√à«¡¢Õß∫ÿ§≈“°√ “∏“√≥ ÿ¢„π°“√

¥”‡π‘πß“πµ“¡¡“µ√∞“π∫√‘°“√ “∏“√≥ ÿ¢‚¥¬°“√µ√«®

ª√–‡¡‘π§ÿ≥¿“æ·∫∫‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬Õ¬à“ß¡’π—¬ ”§—≠∑“ß ∂‘µ‘∑’Ë√–¥—∫

.Ò. °≈à“«§◊Õ §«“¡√Ÿâ§«“¡‡¢â“„®‡°’Ë¬«°—∫°“√¥”‡π‘πß“π µ“¡¡“µ√∞“π∫√‘°“√ “∏“√≥ ÿ¢‚¥¬°“√µ√«®ª√–‡¡‘π

§ÿ≥¿“æ·∫∫‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬¡’º≈‚¥¬µ√ß°—∫°“√¡’ à«π√à«¡„π°“√

¥”‡π‘πß“π¢Õß∫ÿ§≈“°√^(ı) ·µà®“°º≈°“√«‘®—¬æ∫«à“∫ÿ§≈“°√ à«π

„À≠à¡’§«“¡√ŸâÕ¬Ÿà„π√–¥—∫ª“π°≈“ß‡∑à“π—Èπ Õ’°∑—Èß¬—ß¡’§«“¡√Ÿâ

„π∫“ßª√–‡¥Áπ‰¡à∂Ÿ°µâÕß ´÷Ëßæ∫«à“∫ÿ§≈“°√√âÕ¬≈– ı.Ù, Ù¯.¯

·≈– Ùˆ.Ò ¬—ß¡’§«“¡√Ÿâ∑’Ë‰¡à∂Ÿ°µâÕß‡°’Ë¬«°—∫¥â“π§«“¡À¡“¬

· ≈ – ª √ – ‚ ¬ ™ πå „ π ‡ √◊Ë Õ ß ‘Ë ß à ß ¡ Õ ∫ µ “ ¡ ¡ “ µ √ ∞ “ π ∫ √‘ ° “ √ “∏“√≥ ÿ¢§◊ÕÕ–‰√, ¥â“π·π«∑“ßªØ‘∫—µ‘„π‡√◊ËÕß·π«∑“ß°“√

„™â‡∑§π‘§°“√§«∫§ÿ¡·∫∫ TQM ·≈–¥â“π®ÿ¥¡ÿàßÀ¡“¬°“√

¥”‡π‘πß“π„π‡√◊ËÕßÀπà«¬ß“π¿“¬πÕ°∑’Ë‡¢â“¡“µ√«®ª√–‡¡‘π

§ÿ≥¿“æ¡“µ√∞“π∫√‘°“√ “∏“√≥ ÿ¢ µ“¡≈”¥—∫ ∑”„Àâ

∫ÿ§≈“°√‰¡à‡¢â“„®„π°√–∫«π°“√¥”‡π‘πß“πµ“¡¡“µ√∞“π Õ¬à“ß‡ªìπ¢—ÈπµÕπ ´÷Ëß Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫º≈°“√»÷°…“∑’Ëæ∫«à“√–¥—∫

°“√¡’ à«π√à«¡„π°“√¥”‡π‘πß“π¢Õß∫ÿ§≈“°√ Õ¬Ÿà„π√–¥—∫ª“π

°≈“ß æ‘®“√≥“√“¬¥â“π·≈â«æ∫«à“°“√‡¢â“¡“¡’ à«π√à«¡„π°“√

· ¥ß§«“¡§‘¥‡ÀÁπ·≈–√à«¡ª√–‡¡‘πº≈Õ¬Ÿà„π√–¥—∫πâÕ¬.

”À√—∫ªí®®—¬®Ÿß„®¡’√–¥—∫§«“¡§‘¥‡ÀÁπÕ¬Ÿà„π√–¥—∫‡ÀÁπ¥â«¬

ª“π°≈“ß ·≈–¡’§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å°—∫°“√¡’ à«π√à«¡Õ¬à“ß¡’π—¬

”§—≠∑“ß ∂‘µ‘∑’Ë√–¥—∫ .Ò ∑—Èß„π¿“æ√«¡·≈–Õß§åª√–°Õ∫

·µà≈–¥â“π ‰¥â·°à ¥â“π§«“¡°â“«Àπâ“„πß“π∑’Ë∑”, ¥â“π§«“¡

”‡√Á®„π°“√∑”ß“π, ¥â“π°“√‰¥â√—∫°“√¬°¬àÕßπ—∫∂◊Õ ¥â“π

≈—°…≥–¢Õßß“π∑’ËªØ‘∫—µ‘ ·≈–¥â“π§«“¡√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫ π—Ëπ§◊Õ ªí®®—¬®Ÿß„®‡ªìπÕß§åª√–°Õ∫¢Õß·√ßº≈—°¥—π¿“¬„π∑’Ë‡°‘¥®“°

§«“¡µâÕß°“√¢Õß∫ÿ§≈“°√‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈™ÿ¡™π„π

®—ßÀ«—¥™≈∫ÿ√’ °√–µÿâπ„Àâ‡°‘¥·√ß®Ÿß„®„π°“√∑”ß“π·≈–‡°‘¥

µ“√“ß∑’Ë ˆ §«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“ßªí®®—¬§È”®ÿπ°—∫°“√¡’ à«π√à«¡¢Õß∫ÿ§≈“°√ “∏“√≥ ÿ¢ Úıˆ §π„π°“√¥”‡π‘πß“πµ“¡¡“µ√∞“π∫√‘°“√

“∏“√≥ ÿ¢‚¥¬°“√ª√–‡¡‘π§ÿ≥¿“æ·∫∫‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬ ®”·π°µ“¡√“¬¥â“π·≈–¿“æ√«¡¢Õßªí®®—¬§È”®ÿπ

°“√¡’ à«π√à«¡„π°“√¥”‡π‘πß“π ªí®®—¬§È”®ÿπ

Õ“√å §à“æ’

‡ß‘π‡¥◊Õπ·≈–ª√–‚¬™πå‡°◊ÈÕ°Ÿ≈ .Ûˆ* <.Ò

§«“¡¡—Ëπ§ß„πß“π∑’Ë∑” .Ú¯Ú* <.Ò

¿“æ°“√∑”ß“π .ÙÚ* <.Ò

—¡æ—π∏¿“æ°—∫ºŸâ∫—ß§—∫∫—≠™“ ºŸâ„µâ∫—ß∫—≠™“ ·≈–‡æ◊ËÕπ√à«¡ß“π .ÙÒÚ* <.Ò

π‚¬∫“¬·≈–°“√∫√‘À“√ .ıÚÒ* <.Ò

¿“æ√«¡¢Õßªí®®—¬§È”®ÿπ .Ùˆ* <.Ò

*π—¬ ”§—≠∑“ß ∂‘µ‘∑’Ë .Ò

(8)

ˆÚÚ

§«“¡æ÷ßæÕ„®„π°“√¡’ à«π√à«¡„π°“√¥”‡π‘πß“π „Àâª√– ∫ ”‡√Á®‰¥âµàÕ‰ª^(ˆ). ”À√—∫ªí®®—¬§È”®ÿπ¡’√–¥—∫§«“¡§‘¥‡ÀÁπÕ¬Ÿà„π

√–¥—∫‡ÀÁπ¥â«¬πâÕ¬ ·≈–¡’§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å°—∫°“√¡’ à«π√à«¡

Õ¬à“ß¡’π—¬ ”§—≠∑“ß ∂‘µ‘∑’Ë√–¥—∫ .Ò ∑—Èß„π¿“æ√«¡·≈–

Õß§åª√–°Õ∫·µà≈–¥â“π ‰¥â·°à ¥â“ππ‚¬∫“¬·≈–°“√∫√‘À“√,

¥â“π ¿“æ°“√∑”ß“π, ¥â“π —¡æ—π∏¿“æ°—∫ºŸâ∫—ß§—∫∫—≠™“

ºŸâ„µâ∫—ß§—∫∫—≠™“·≈–‡æ◊ËÕπ√à«¡ß“π, ¥â“π‡ß‘π‡¥◊Õπ·≈–

ª√–‚¬™πå‡°◊ÈÕ°Ÿ≈ ·≈–¥â“π§«“¡¡—Ëπ§ß„πß“π∑’Ë∑” π—Ëπ§◊Õ ªí®®—¬§È”®ÿπ‡ªìπÕß§åª√–°Õ∫∑’Ë∑”„Àâ·√ß®Ÿß„®¢Õß∫ÿ§≈“°√‚√ß æ¬“∫“≈™ÿ¡™π‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬„π®—ßÀ«—¥™≈∫ÿ√’ ¡’Õ¬Ÿàµ≈Õ¥‡«≈“

“¡“√∂‡ªìπ·√ß®Ÿß„®∫ÿ§≈“°√„Àâ‡¢â“¡“¡’ à«π√à«¡„π°“√

¥”‡π‘πß“π ‰¥âÕ¬à“ßµàÕ‡π◊ËÕß^(ˆ).

¥—ßπ—Èπ‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ°“√¡’ à«π√à«¡¢Õß∫ÿ§≈“°√ “∏“√≥ ÿ¢„π

°“√¥”‡π‘πß“πµ“¡¡“µ√∞“π∫√‘°“√ “∏“√≥ ÿ¢‚¥¬°“√µ√«®

ª√–‡¡‘π§ÿ≥¿“æ·∫∫‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬‡ªìπ‰ªÕ¬à“ß¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ·≈–

°“√æ—≤π“ß“πµ“¡¡“µ√∞“π∫√‘°“√ “∏“√≥ ÿ¢‚¥¬°“√µ√«®

ª√–‡¡‘π§ÿ≥¿“æ·∫∫‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬¢Õß‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈™ÿ¡™π„π

®—ßÀ«—¥™≈∫ÿ√’ ª√– ∫§«“¡ ”‡√Á® ®÷ß§«√¡’°“√¥”‡π‘π°“√¥—ßπ’È Ò. ºŸâ∫√‘À“√¢Õß‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈™ÿ¡™π‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬„π®—ßÀ«—¥

™≈∫ÿ√’ §«√ àß‡ √‘¡„Àâ¡’°“√®—¥°“√¥â“π§«“¡√Ÿâ„πÕß§å°√

æ—≤π“Õß§å§«“¡√Ÿâ‡°’Ë¬«°—∫°“√¥”‡π‘πß“πµ“¡¡“µ√∞“π∫√‘°“√

“∏“√≥ ÿ¢‚¥¬°“√µ√«®ª√–‡¡‘π§ÿ≥¿“æ·∫∫‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬„Àâ°—∫

∫ÿ§≈“°√„Àâ§√∫∂â«π∑—Èß„π¥â“π§«“¡À¡“¬·≈–ª√–‚¬™πå, ¥â“π

®ÿ¥¡ÿàßÀ¡“¬°“√¥”‡π‘πß“π, ¥â“π°“√«“ß·ºπ°“√¥”‡π‘πß“π,

¥â“π·π«∑“ß°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘ß“π ·≈–¥â“π°“√ª√–‡¡‘πº≈°“√

¡“µ√∞“π∫√‘°“√ “∏“√≥ ÿ¢‚¥¬°“√µ√«®ª√–‡¡‘π§ÿ≥¿“æ

·∫∫‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬ æ√âÕ¡ π—∫ πÿπ°“√æ—≤π“∫ÿ§≈“°√‚¥¬‡πâπ

°“√∂à“¬∑Õ¥°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ√à«¡°—π¿“¬„πÕß§å°√ ·≈–∑”§«“¡

‡¢â“„®°—∫∫ÿ§≈“°√Õ¬à“ßµàÕ‡π◊ËÕß.

Ú. ºŸâ∫√‘À“√·≈–§≥–°√√¡°“√∫√‘À“√¢Õß‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈

™ÿ¡™π‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬„π®—ßÀ«—¥™≈∫ÿ√’ §«√®– ”√«®§«“¡µâÕß°“√

¢Õß∫ÿ§≈“°√„π¥â“πµà“ß Ê ‡æ◊ËÕª√—∫ª√ÿß√–∫∫ «— ¥‘°“√æ√âÕ¡

∑—Èß§à“µÕ∫·∑π„Àâ·°à∫ÿ§≈“°√„Àâ‡À¡– ¡°—∫¿“√–ß“ππÕ°

‡Àπ◊Õ®“° «— ¥‘°“√∑’Ë¿“§√—∞°”Àπ¥‰«â àß‡ √‘¡§«“¡°â“«Àπâ“

¡—Ëπ§ß„πß“π æ√âÕ¡∑—Èßª√—∫ª√ÿß√–∫∫ª√–‡¡‘πª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ

·≈–ª√– ‘∑∏‘º≈¢Õß∫ÿ§≈“°√√“¬∫ÿ§§≈„Àâ™—¥‡®π ‚ª√àß„ .

∑—Èßπ’È‡æ◊ËÕ‡ªìπ°“√ √â“ß‡ √‘¡·√ß®Ÿß„® √â“ß¢«—≠°”≈—ß„® „Àâ Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫§«“¡µâÕß°“√∫ÿ§≈“°√ ‡ªìπ·√ßº≈—°¥—π·≈–·√ß

®Ÿß„®„Àâ∫ÿ§≈“°√‡¢â“¡“¡’ à«π√à«¡„π°“√¥”‡π‘πß“πÕ¬à“ß‡µÁ¡„®

®√‘ß®—ß·≈–µàÕ‡π◊ËÕß.

‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß

Ò. °≈ÿà¡ß“πª√–°—π ÿ¢¿“æ. “√– ”§—≠¢Õßæ√–√“™∫—≠≠—µ‘À≈—°ª√–°—π ÿ¢¿“æ·Ààß™“µ‘ æÿ∑∏»—°√“™ ÚıÙı. ”π—°ß“π “∏“√≥ ÿ¢

®—ßÀ«—¥™≈∫ÿ√’; ÚıÙˆ. Àπâ“ Ò-ÒÛ.

∑’Ë Ò; Úıı. Àπâ“ Ò-Ú˘.

Û. ∫ÿ≠∏√√¡ °‘®ª√’¥“∫√‘ ÿ∑∏‘Ï. §Ÿà¡◊Õ°“√«‘®—¬ °“√‡¢’¬π√“¬ß“π °“√«‘®—¬

·≈–«‘∑¬“π‘æπ∏å. æ‘¡æå§√—Èß∑’Ë ˜. °√ÿß‡∑æœ : ®“¡®ÿ√’‚ª√¥—°∑å; ÚıÙˆ.

Àπâ“ ˘-Ò.

Ù. McShane SL, Von Glinow MA. Organizational Behavior. New York : McGraw-Hill; 2000 : 64-71.

ı. Robbins SP. Essentials of Organizational Behavior. 4th ed. United States of America : Prentice-Hall; 1994. p. 27-39.

ˆ. ®’√¿“ ÿ¢ «— ¥‘Ï. ªí®®—¬∑’Ë —¡æ—π∏å°—∫°“√¡’ à«π√à«¡„π°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘

ß“π “∏“√≥ ÿ¢¡Ÿ≈∞“π¢ÕßÕ“ “ ¡—§√ “∏“√≥ ÿ¢µ”∫≈‡ ¡Á¥ Õ”‡¿Õ

‡¡◊Õß ®—ßÀ«—¥™≈∫ÿ√’. «‘∑¬“π‘æπ∏åª√‘≠≠“°“√®—¥°“√¡À“∫—≥±‘µ, “¢“°“√®—¥°“√∑√—æ¬“°√¡πÿ…¬å, ∫—≥±‘µ«‘∑¬“≈—¬ ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬∫Ÿ√æ“.