วิทยานิพนธ์นี้เป็นส่วนหนึ่งของการศึกษาวิจัย ได้มีการยื่นเรื่องการศึกษาปัญหาการแปลและเรียบเรียงการแปลวรรณกรรมไทยเรื่อง “เบื้องหลังภาพ” ตามเงื่อนไขบางส่วนสำหรับปริญญาศิลปศาสตรมหาบัณฑิต สาขาภาษาอังกฤษเพื่อวิชาชีพ ชื่อวิทยานิพนธ์ : การศึกษาปัญหาการแปลและเรียบเรียงวรรณกรรมไทยเรื่องเบื้องหลังภาพ
LIST OF TABLES
27 4.2 Suggestions and Types of Non-Equivalence Techniques
Sound & Orthographical Level: Structure of Words 35
Lexical Level: Omitting Words or Phrases
Lexical Level: Using a More Neutral or Less Expressive Word 4.10 Lexical Level: Cultural Substitution
Lexical Level: Using the Proper Word Register 4.13 Syntactic Level: Rearranging Word Order
Syntactic Level: Changing Sentences to Phrases and Vice Versa 4.15 Syntactic Level: Modifying Negative Sentences
Syntactic Level: Modifying Active and Passive Voices 4.17 Syntactic Level: Paraphrasing by Using a Related Word
Page Figures
INTRODUCTION
- Background of the Study
- Significance of the Study
- Objective of the Study
- Research Questions
- Scope of the Study
- Definition of Terms
Analyzing means “Classifying translation editing techniques and strategies used in the translated literature of “Behind the Photograph” translated by Marcel Barang”. Source language means 'Thai language used in literature' Khang Lang Phap, written by Sriburapa.
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
- Definitions of Translation
- Types of Translation
- Problems of translation
- Translation Strategies
- Related Studies
- Data Collection
- Data Analysis
- Framework of the Study
- Sound & Orthographical Level
- Lexical Level
- Syntactic Level
- Procedures
The source language concept is known in the target language, but there is no equivalent word to express it. Sometimes the target language lacks a specific word that refers to a word in the source language.
CONCLUSION AND RESULTS
Conclusion of the Study
For the results of this research by the translation editors at the Sound and Orthographic level, there were 38 tokens. The syntactic level findings were 91 tokens that can be presented orderly from the most found technique to the least found technique as follows;
Sound & Orthographical Level
- Sound
- Structure of Words
ภาพนี้จัดอยู่ในกรอบสีดำสนิทและแขวนอยู่บนผนังฉากกั้นตรงข้ามโต๊ะของฉัน” ภาพนี้จัดอยู่ในกรอบสีดำสนิทและแขวนอยู่บนผนังฉากกั้นตรงข้ามโต๊ะของฉัน” แปลจาก “ภาพนั้นประดับกรอบขอบดำล้วน แขวนอยู่บนผนังตรงข้ามโต๊ะ ตัวเอส”
Lexical Level
- Adding Explanation
- Using Phrases or Sentences to Substitute a Word
- Using Words Referring to General Meaning
- Omitting Words or Phrases
- Using a More Neutral or Less Expressive Word
- Cultural Substitution
- Using A Loanword or A Loanword Plus Explanation
- Using the Proper Word Register
In terms of translation editing at the lexical level "Using the correct Word Register" was used twice or 1%. As shown in table 4.12, translation editing at the lexical level “Using the correct Word Register” was used twice or 1%.
Syntactic Level
- Rearranging Word Order
- Changing Sentences to Phrases and Vice Versa
- Modifying Negative Sentences
- Modifying Active and Passive Voices
- Paraphrasing by Using a Related Word
- Paraphrasing by Using an Unrelated Word
- Adding or Cutting Words
ในตัวอย่างที่ 3 ข้อความภาษาต้นฉบับ "ความรักมีอำนาจเหนือฉัน" เขียนด้วยเสียงที่กระฉับกระเฉง โดยมี "ความรัก" เป็นประธานและ "ฉัน" เป็นกรรมของประโยค ประโยค "ไม่ไกลขนาดนั้น" ในภาษาต้นฉบับอาจเป็นอะไรที่ใกล้ชิดหรือใกล้ชิดก็ได้
LIMITATION, DISCUSSION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Limitation of the Study
Discussion
- Sound and Orthographical Level
- Lexical Level
- Syntactic Level
อย่างไรก็ตาม นักแปลภาษาเป้าหมายได้เพิ่มฟอนิม “s” หลังคำว่า “เพื่อน” เพื่อบ่งบอกถึงลักษณะเฉพาะของรูปพหูพจน์ สวยและเรียบร้อย" อยู่ตรงกลางประโยคหลัก
Recommendations for Further Studies
Although it is Thai literature, most of the content featured places and stories set in Japan. Most of the translations were word for word to convey the story and essence of the original text.
APPENDIX A
40 EXAMPLES WITH ANALYSIS
บท เกริ่นน ำ /1
At first I thought of displaying it before me, that I might see it every time I looked up; but afterwards I changed my mind, being quite sure that if I did as I first thought, the picture would disturb me greatly. The top of the picture bears the words "By the stream", which the artist must have intended as the title of the painting.
บท เกริ่นน ำ /2
I can also see the two figures sitting on the rock, apparently carelessly smeared in by the painter, and even the long curved eyelashes of one of the figures, and even the three bright red triangles drawn over the thin lips, showing the thinness of those lips incredible attraction. I know very well that the picture is painted with the artist's life, and not at all fleetingly.
บท 1/1
His Lordship had written to me that he was going to Japan with his new wife, Princess Keerati, and had asked me to assist in finding accommodation for him and making other arrangements required of foreign visitors. The main reason for coming to Japan was to offer his new wife the opportunity to enjoy herself.
บท 1/2
She bowed again two or three times to show great respect in the Japanese manner as His Lordship and his wife got out of the vehicle. They were both happy from the moment they entered the house and there was no mishap to spoil the mood.
บท 2/1
สดใสและใหม่เอี่ยมทุกประการ
My surprise was by no means acute and had nothing to do with personal feelings about anyone in particular. From what I could tell, Princess Keerati seemed pleased and delighted with her state as a newlywed, and this only increased my surprise.
บท 2/2
The men were delighted to see such an attractive Thai lady as Princess Keerati come out of Siam to visit Tokyo. For my part, I felt particularly proud of the honor of acting, so to speak, almost as Princess Keerati's bodyguard.
บท 3/1
When she was enjoying our face-to-face conversation, she burst into laughter, a laugh full of vitality and childish innocence that rang bright and deep and echoed in the heart of her listener long after. But in the case of Princess Keerati's marriage, no one dared to express such an opinion with certainty, for, as anyone could see, she was well pleased with her husband.
บท 3/2
จบไปด้วยค าพูดเพียงสองสามประโยค
A new understanding developed in our relationship while we were out walking alone together one evening during the third week of her stay. We walked for a long time that night and as we did we were comfortable enough with each other not to waste time in silence like we had when we first met.
บท 4/1
ผมพูดด้วยความสัตย์จริง”
The reality is that I'm not the twenty-six or twenty-seven-year-old you thought I was.' She smiled wildly. I wasn't being creepy or trying to tease you when I said I'm thirty-five.
บท 4/2
แต่อมยิ้ม
สามารถจะตอบปัญหาข้อนี้ได้
Her age was indeed a new knowledge that had come as a complete surprise and even now left me baffled, even though I had come to believe she was telling the truth. Knowing her real age was no obstacle that forced me to withdraw from the closeness I felt for her.
บท 5/1
To brighten up our walk in the park that evening, Princess Keerati had donned a white silk kimono with a striking red pattern that reminded me of the large bouquet of chrysanthemums I had admired in Takarazuka Park the previous fall. As she turned her face upward and basked in that light, the gentle breeze blowing to and fro made the strands of her hair dance in the moonlight and her moist eyes sparkled and held my full attention.
บท 5/2
Princess Keerati and I decided there was no need to tell him the details of our evening outing, and as we agreed, we gave each other no explanation. Why would I care to compare Princess Keerati's beauty, intelligence, and all other qualities with those of anyone else—or, to be more precise, with those of any woman I've met before.
บท 6/1
Princess Keerati danced and sipped champagne with friends of His Lordship two or three times. I also danced two or three times with a young Japanese lady I had met before, and also drank champagne.
บท 6/2
Be that as it may, women themselves, when reasonably contented, do not concern themselves with matters of love, for whether there be love or not, as long as there is happiness, what else would she want. Love can cause bitterness or other problems in life, but in the hearts of those who experience it, it is a sweet, refreshing ambrosia that keeps them forever - a feeling that is piercing and wonderful.
บท 7/1
From our conversation in the garden of the Kaihin Hotel that evening, you will have seen how far the relationship between Princess Keerati and I had reached. I had become a part of what Princess Keerati needed in her daily life and perhaps the most important of her various demands.
บท 7/2
This situation continued until the day we went to spend some time together alone in Mitaké. Finally, the day came when I entered that world myself, the day my real life came into contact with her reality and I reached the summit of Everest in my relationship with Princess Keerati.
บท 8/1
I explained that this was always the case at the big stations on Sunday mornings because the Japanese liked to go to the countryside. The government makes it possible for people to enjoy such valuable leisure time at a reduced price with all the facilities offered, so that even people with low incomes have the opportunity to afford rest and recreation.
บท 8/2
The water poured down on the foaming rocks, and then it gushed here, trickling there, and it flowed in a course that gradually widened. We could enjoy ourselves in complete freedom, because here, one could almost say, we were in another world, inhabited only by the stream, the rocks and the forests.
บท 9/1
Once again I mentioned the subject of our discussion in the garden of the Kaihin Hotel. I wasn't thinking about getting ready for my marriage, nor am I interested in marriage per se.
บท 9/2
He thought in all sincerity that His Lordship's request was the only chance I had of entering the world of matrimony. In any case, he simply advised and begged me to accept His Lordship's request.
บท 10/1
He was too old for me to marry, it was true, but who was I waiting for. I decided to give myself up for marriage to His Lordship precisely because it was something real.
บท 10/2
While it is true that what I did is morally wrong, I am subject to the laws of nature. Do you think human society will accept the laws of nature you offer as an excuse?
บท 11/1
และงดงามนั้น
I didn't go straight home, because I didn't know why I had to: I didn't have enough concentration to read, and even if I tried to force myself to sleep, I wouldn't have been able to. As long as there was a path to walk, I walked, lost in my thoughts.
บท 11/2
I was surprised when she said that she recognized me, even though I rarely visited the premises. She explained that she remembered me well because I spoke her language more fluently than any other Thai who had gone there; besides, she said that she had noted my polite manners as well as my language.
บท 12/1
According to their original plans, His Lordship and Princess Keerati were to leave Tokyo sometime that week to return to Siam. In the days that remained, I visited Princess Keerati and Lord Athikarnbordee as before.
บท 12/2
Please keep your emotions under control.’ At this last sentence she looked me in the eyes and then turned and walked slowly towards the door. His Lordship and his wife shook hands and bade farewell to all their friends in the drawing-room.
บท 13/1
I loosened the bolt, opened the gate and walked slowly along the gravel path, silently inspecting the area around the house and remembering how we had sat here and walked there together. All the doors and windows of the house were tightly shut, the air was still, and there was no sound to be heard.
บท 13/2
I can't swim across the ocean to you, but I can reach you with this letter and ask you to listen to me one more time. When you get home in Bangkok and tear open the envelope and pull out this letter, understand: this is nothing foreign; it's your Nopphorn.
บท 14/1
When I returned from university every afternoon, I had to check the mailbox every time, and when I did not find the letter that I was eager to receive, I had to ask the people in the house again. I had done this for so many days that the people in the house began to wonder, until the day finally came when I received a letter from her.
บท 14/2
สั้นเกินไปนัก’
I neither stop you nor ask you to think about me, but when you do, I ask that you do so calmly, just as you would with a dear friend or an older sister. My pleasure in welcoming your future full of honor and prosperity will be meaningless, if I live so long.
บท 15/1
I myself, looking back on the way I felt then, am still surprised and at a loss to explain why Princess Keerati lost her importance to me so quickly, I who was attached to her and considered her the most important in my life. , someone I couldn't part with because without him my life wouldn't have been more complete. His Lordship's death did not for a moment lead me to think that it could have a more important influence on the life of the Princess Keerati and my own; it should have made me think again of the old relation between us both; that's how it really should be, but I don't know what the devil blinded me.
บท 15/2
I look forward to seeing for myself the progress in life that my dear young friend has made.
บท 16/1
ในตัวข้าพเจ้าไม่น้อยกว่าใคร ๆ
At the Mitsui Bussan Kaisha Company's wharf the morning the ship brought me back to Bangkok from Japan, there was hardly a crowd as there were no more than seven or eight passengers on the boat and I was the only Thai. He stood at the front of a group of a dozen of our immediate family, and there were also four or five dear friends of the same age as myself in that group.
บท 16/2
When he was alive, I heard him speak highly of his new wife, and from what I have seen since his death, I think she is a lovely woman, worthy of all praise." I think she should marry again, and she will certainly not be able to escape anyone's advances.'
บท 17/1
The area in front of the house was designed as a strolling garden with beds of different kinds of flowers. My first impression when I reached Princess Keerati's house was that it was one of the nicest in Bang Kapi, compared to the dozen or so houses I had passed on the way: these houses were all beautiful, but the setting and decor of the the grounds were not as conducive to peace and freshness as Princess Keerati's.
บท 17/2
มีโอกาสฟังเรื่องราวของเธอโดยละเอียด”
ของข้าพเจ้าเลย
It just so happens that what I was hoping and waiting for is not something that can be achieved with the power of money. Let's go for a little walk, and in the meantime, please tell me what you've been doing.
บท 18/1
In that second visit she received me in her living room, but still there was no one to disturb us or interrupt our conversation. Even though she had no intention of showing her disappointment that I let two months pass between my first and second visits, I could tell from the beginning of our conversation that she was really upset and sad that I was behaving differently than she expected .
บท 18/2
I did not show that I noticed, but merely hastened to take leave of her, claiming that I had business to attend to. I was sorry to bring such important news at a time when she was not feeling well.
บท 19/1
I'm sure she desperately wants to see you, but I don't know why she doesn't want me around. I feel so much for her, but in the end I couldn't take it anymore, so I found time to come around to see you.
บท 19/2
Our love, Nopphorn,” she said and then closed her eyes and continued in a very faint whisper: “Your love was born there and then died there.”
APPENDIX B TABLES OF TOKENS
Sound & Orthographical Level
