AlMH HUQIMG CLIA THIJC AIM V A IVIAT D O DEIM SIIMH TRUQIMG C U A CA T A M ! (Acipenser iiaerij
Dinh Van Trung^ , Ngd Thi D i u \ Nguydn Viet Thuy^
TOM T A T
Ca tam Siberi (Acipenser baeri) la mot frong nhung loai ca nude lanh, co gia tri kinh te va dugc di nhap vao Viet Nam nam 2005. Nghien ciiu budc dau tren doi tugng nay tap trung so sanh sinh trudng ciia ca sir dung hai loai thirc an (thiic an nhap khau tir Phan Lan va thiic an san xuat trong nude) tren ciing mat dp tha (2,1 kg/m^); va thi nghiem nupi b 3 mat dp (2,1 kg/m^ 4,2 kg/m'-* va 6,5 kg/m^) sir dung mpt loai thirc an san xuat trong nude. Hai thi nghiem nay dugc tien hanh nuoi trong he thdng long tai ho Tuyen Lam, Da Lat. Nhiet dp nude trung binh 23,l±0,rC, ham lugng 6 xy hoa tan 6,7-6,9 mg/l va chi so pH dao dong 7,1-7,5. Thi nghiem so sanh thiic an trong 76 ngay cho thay ca tim sir dung thirc an Phan Lan cd tdc dp sinh trucmg (6,6 g/ngay) cao hon va he sd thirc an thap hon (FCR = 1,7) so vdi su dung thirc an sin xuat trong nude 5,3 g/ngay (P<0,05). Ty le song cua ca tam deu dat 100% a ca 2 nghiem thuc. Thi nghiem so sanh mat do tha trong 90 ngay cho thay, tdc dp sinh trucmg cua ca tam cap nhat (13,7 g/ngay) va he SP thuc an thap hon (1,7) d mat dp nuoi 2,1 kg/m^va he so thuc an la 1,7 (P<0,05). Mac dii thirc an san xuat trong nude co he so thiic an cao (FCR = 2,0) nhung chi phi cho 1kg ca thuong pham re hon 15% so vdi thtrc an Phan Lan.
Tir khoa: Ci tam Siberi (Acipenser baeri), mat do thi, sinh trudng, thuc an, nudi long.
I. DAT VAN DE
C l flm Siberi (Acipenser baeri Brandt) dugc di nhap v i o nude ta tir nara 2005. Day II loli ca sdng d thuy vyc nude lanh ed tap tinh an d l y (Rubban v l Konoplja, 1994). Nhiet do thich hgp eho e l tIra sinh t r u d n g tdt dao dgng t r o n g k h o i n g 20-25"C (Kolraan & CTV., 1994 v l Filipiak & CTV., 1998). Dai nhiet do thich h g p cua c l tIra tir 18^0 ddn 26''C (Remraerswaal, 2003). C l ed k h i nang thich nghi cao vdi didu kien mdi trudng k h i c nhau (Sokolov & Vasilev, 1989).
Hien nay tren the gidi, c l t i m thudng dugc nudi trong he thdng khep kin vdi viec kiem s o l t nhiet do v l sii dung h o l n toln thiie an cdng nghiep (Kolraan & CTV., 1994).
Mac dii c l tim mdi di nhap vio Viet Nam, nhung do dac diera thit tham ngon khdng cd xuong dam (dly II loli c l sun), da nhanh chdng duge ngudi tieu diing chip nhan. Hien, gil c l tara thuong phara b i n tai noi sin xult k h i cao (150.000-200.000 d/kg). Viec phlt trien ddi tugng nly se giup nghe nudi trdng thuy sin da dang h o i ddi tugng nudi v l nang cao hieu q u i kinh te thuy san.
' Vien Nghien ciru Nudi trdng Thuy san 1, Dinh Bang, Tir Son, BIC Ninh
^Tram Nghien cifu Thyc nghiem Nudi ca Quang Hiep, Tuyen Lam, Da Lat, Lam Ddng
Hien nay, thi trudng thiic an trong nude chtra cd n h l raly nIo cung cap thuc an rieng eho c l tIra, nen viec nudi c l tam vin chii yen sir dung thiic an cua cl hdi nhap tir nude ngoli. Theo ket q u i nghien ciiu thiic an ciia c l tara cho fhly nhu cau protein ciia cl tIra tuong ty nhu d c l hdi v l dao dgng 40%- 50%
protein (Mohseni & CTV., 2007; Hung, 1991a, b and Medale & CTV., 1995). Rieng nhu clu lipit cua ca tara lai thip hon e l hdi, dao ddng tir 10-15% (Koksal
& CTV., 2003 v l Hung, 1991b). Nhu vay neu stir dung fhiic an cua c l hdi (thinh phln lipit cao) ngoli viec khdng d i p iing duge nhu eau dinh dudng eua e l tim rai cdn tang ehi phi thiic an. Vi vay, de giup cho viec gidi thieu v l phat trien ddi tugng nudi radi, cin xlc dinh k h i nang cung cap thiic an trong nude vl ky thuat nudi cho ddi tugng radi.
U. VAT UEU VA PHUDIUG PHAP NGHIEN CUU
1. Thi nghiein so sanh thiic Sn
Nghien ciiu so s i n h thirc an nhap ngoai va thu'c an san xuat trong nude dugc tien h i n h tren h e thdng long ludi (32 m^) trong thdi gian 76 n g l y (tir 13/4 den 30/6/2008) tai hd Tuyen Lam, D l Lat. C l flm Siberi (Acipenser baeri Brandt 1858) dua v i o nghien ciiu cd khdi lugng trung binh 0,93±0,03 kg. Thiie an s i n xuat trong nude ed fhlnh p h l n dinh dudng 42% protein & 16%
lipit v l thiic an Phan Lan cd fhlnh p h l n dinh d u a n g 42% protein & 26% lipit. Mat do nuoi c l
flm trong thi nghiem nly II 2,1 kg/m^ vl khau phln cho an la 1,5% tdng khdi lugng ea tren ngly. HIng thing kiera tra sinh trudng eua cl de didu chinh khiu phln an.
2. Thi nghiera mat do nudi c l tam
Nghien ctru Inh hudng sinh trudng cua el flm tren 3 raat do nudi khic nhau: 2,1 kg/ra^, 4,2 kg/ra^ vl 6,5 kg/m^ dugc thyc hien tren long ludi (32 m^*) trong fhdi gian 90 ngly (fir 1/7/2008 den 30/9/2008) tai hd Tuyen Lam, Dl Lat tinh Lam Ddng. Cl thi nghiem dugc cho an vdi thtrc an sin xult trong nude ed him lugng dinh dudng 42% protein (P) vl 16% hpit (L) (Bing 1).
Mdi nghiem thtrc trong hai nghien ctru tren str dung 3 ldng ludi cd kich thudc 32 m^ vl dugc
Bang 1. Thinh phan thiic an vien san xuat trong nude (kich thudc vien thiic an 5 mm, 42% protein, 16% Upit)
Nguyen lieu Bpt ca (60%P/6,55%L)
Khp d6 tuong (46%/l,9%)
Gap tam (7,7%P/0,8%L) Bpt mi (13%P/1,8%L)
Dau ca ngir Gluten ngp (60%P/2,1%L) Lexithin d6 tuong
Bpt huyet (90%P/1,2%L) Vitamin Premix-F2*
JMineral Premix F-2**
Mpnpcanxi phpt phat Bpt thjt xuong (50%?) Clorua cplin - 60%
Stay C - 35%
Chat chpng mpc (DigetPveO Chait chpng p xy hpa
(ENDOX)
Thanh phan (%) 53,0
7,0 10,0 10,6 10,5 1,05 1,0 4,0 0,5 0,25
0,5 1,46 0,08 0,06 0,05 0,02
Prptein thuc an
% 31,8 3,22 0,77 1,378
0 0,63
3,6 0 0 0 0,73
0 0 0 0
Lipit thiic an
% 3,445 0,133 0,08 0,191
10,5 0,022 0,95 0,048
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Thanh phin dinh duong chinh cua thuc an sau khi san xui't (tinh theo vat
chat khd) trung binh ± SD Dp am (%)
Protein (%) Lipit (%)
7,9 ± 0,2 42,1 ± 0,3 15,8 ± 0,2
Khpang (%) Chatxo(%)
12,2 ± 0,2 3,3 ± 0 , 1
Chu thich: (*) va (**) la nguyen lieu mua tu Cdng ty Bayer
bd tri nglu nhien.
3. Thidt ke long vl khay an
Ldng ludi ed kich thude 4 ra x 4 m x 2,5 ra vdi sgi ni ldng cd dudng kinh 2 ram vl kich thude mit ludi (2 em x 2 em). Mdi long ludi dat mdt khay an llm bing khung gd cd fhlnh cao 15 cm vl dly bing ludi ni long vdi mit ludi nhd ban kich ea vien thiie an. Kich thude khay an (1,5 ra X 1,5 ra) ed he thdng day treo giup eho viec ve sinh vl kiem tra thiie an hing ngly.
4. Ch^ do cho an vl quan ly mdi trudng Cho e l an 2 l l n / n g l y vio 9:00h vl 16:00h.
Thay long 2 tuln/lan ddi vdi tit el long nudi thi nghiera. Kiem tra tdc do sinh trudng hing thing de dieu chinh khau phln an eho cl.
CIc chi tieu mdi trudng nhu d xy hoi tan, nhiet do dugc xlc dinh hing ngly bing bg Kit Test hang SERA GmbH vl chi sd pH dugc do tuan / l l n .
5. Phan tich va xu ly sd lieu Tdc do tang tnrdng binh quan tren ngly (g/ngly) = Khdi lugng el tang/
sd ngly nudi. He sd chuyen ddi thtrc an (FCR) = Thtrc an sii dung (kg)/khdi lugng cl tang tnrdng (kg), vl ty le sdng
(%) = (Sd cl thu hoach/ Sd cl fhl)* 100.
CIc sd lieu ve khdi lugng cl, tang trudng binh quin tren ngay, ty le sdng vl he sd thiic an dugc phln tich ANOVA ragt nhin td vdi mure y nghia thdng ke a=0,05 tren phln raera Microsoft Excel.
HI. KET QUA VA THAO LUAN
1. Cac ehl sd moi trudrng trong thi nghiem
Trong qui trinh thi nghiera, nhiet do khdng khi vl nhiet do nude hlu nhu khdng cd sy khic biet.
Nhiet do khdng khi vio budi sing trung binh 22,8±0,3''C va budi chi^u 23,6±0,4"C. Nhiet do nude budi sing 23,1±0,3"C vl nhiet do budi chieu 23,1±0,4"C. Nhiet do tai Dl Lat hlu nhu cao hon 5-8''C so vdi Sapa, Llo Cai tinh cung thai diera. Theo nhu
t i c gia Kolman & CTV. (1994) va Filipiak &
CTV. (1997) thi nhiet do n l y hoan toan phu hap vdi sinh trudng cua ca flm. Ham lugng d xy hoa tan trong nude trung bmh cua budi sang la 6,4±0,2 m g / l va fang nhe vao budi chieu 6,9±0,2 m g / l . Theo tac g i l Steven v l CTV. (2002) nhu cau dxy hoa tan dam bao cho e l flm sinh trudng tdt phai tren 5 m g / l . Nhu vay ham lugng dxy hoa tan cua hd Tuyen Lam hoan toan phu hgp cho sinh trudng cua ca flm. Theo tac gia Steven &
CTV. (2002), dli pH thich hap cho sinh trudng cua c l tam dao ddng trong khoang tu 6,5 den 8,5. Nhu vay, chi sd pH cua nude tai hd Tuyen Lam, D l Lat cung phu ha\^ cho sinh trudng cua c l flm, budi sang pH=7,l±0,l va budi chidu pH = 7,5 ±0,1.
2. So s i n h thiie an n h | p ngoai v l thiic an s i n x u l t trong nude
Kef q u i sau 76 n g l y nudi, tdc do sinh trudng cua c l flm (6,6 g / n g l y ) ddi vdi su dung thuc an P h l n Lan cao ban so vdi c l flm (5,3 g / n g l y ) su dung thuc an san xuat trong nude (P<0,05) (Dd thi 1 va Bang 2). Khdi lugng trung binh cua ca flm khi ket thuc thi nghiem dat 1,38
± 0,01 kg/con (Mean ± SE) frong nghiera thue sir dung thuc an Phan Lan v l dat 1,34 ± 0,01 kg/con (Mean ± SE) trong nghiem thuc su dung thuc an sin xult trong nude. He sd thuc an cua nghiera thuc su dung thuc an Phan Lan (FCR=1,7) fhlp han so vdi nghiem thuc su dung thuc an s i n
xuat trong nude (FCR=2,0) (P<0,05). Ty le sdng cua ca flm su dung 2 loai thuc an deu dat 100%
(Bing 2).
Qua ket qua ve sinh trudng v l ty le sdng cho phep ket luan sa bg thuc an san xuat trong nude dam bao yeu clu ve c h i t lugng cho sinh trudng cua ca flm. Tuy he sd thuc an trong nudi c l flm su dung thuc an s i n x u l t trong nude (FCR=2,0) cao han thtrc an cua Phan Lan (FCR=1,7), nhung g i l t h i n h chi phi cho 1 kg thiie an re ban 15% so vdi thuc an cua P h l n Lan (gia thuc an s i n xuat trong nude 27.000 d / k g va gia thuc an P h l n Lan 37.000 d / k g ) .
3. Sinh trudng cua ca flm nudi d 3 mat do khac nhau
Sau 90 ngay thi nghiem, tdc do sinh trudng cua ca tam cao nhat (13,'' g/ngay) d mat do tha 2,1 k g / m ' . T(~)c do sinh trudng thap nhat (7,6 g/ngly) d mat do tha 6,5 kg/m^ (P<0,05). He sd chuyen ddi thuc an thap nhat (FCR=1,7) d mat dd fhl 2,1 kg/m^
va cao nhat (FCR=2,8) d mat do tha 6,5 kg/m^
(P<0,05). Ty le sdng cua ca flm deu dat 100% trong ca 3 mat do tha (Bang 3).
• 1 litre an SX I r o n g nudc • 1 ln>c an P f i l n Lan [
Dd thi 1. Smh trudng cua c l tam Siberi sii dyng thiic an Phan Lan v l thiic an s i n xult trong nude trong
thdi gian 76 ngly thi nghiera
B i n g 2. Sinh t r u d n g , he sd thiic an v l ty le sdng cua ca tIra t h u a n g pham str d u n g 2 loai thiic an
k h i c nhau (Mean ± SD) Thiic
an
Phan Lan
Viet Nam
bo nghirm
thuc I 11 ill 1 II
XJi(")i lu'piig ca khi Iha
(kg/con) 0,94 ±0,11 0,95 ±0,11 0,85 ± 0,16 0,99 ± 0,13 0,92 ± 0,13 HI 0,89 ±0,14
Klidi lucmg ca khi thu dvg/cpn) 1,37 ± 0,21 1,40 ±0,15 1,38 ±0,15 1,34 ±0,17 1,36 ± 0,24 1,36 ±0,24
Tang 1 rupng (g/ngay)
6,7 6,5 6,6 5,4 5,2 5,3
FCR 1,75 1,60 1,73 2,1 2,0 1,9
Tyle song (%) 100 100 100 100 100 100 Bing 3. Tde do sinh trudng, he sd thiic an v l ty le
sdng c l t i m nudi d d c mat do fhl k h i c nhau (trung bmh ± SD)
Mat dp tha Oig/m-')
2,1
4,2
6,5
Sd nghiem
thiic I II III I II III
Klidi lupng ca khi tha
(kg/con) 1,35±0,21 1,37±0,21 1,36±0,21 1,33±0,16 1,38±0,22 1,36±0,19 I i 1,39±0,17 II ; i,:58±0,16
Klioi lupng ca khi thu
0<g/cpn) 2,13 ±0,18 2,21 ± 0,42 2,21 ± 0,30 1,93 ± 0,22 1,86 ±1,86 1,87 ± 1,87 1,87 ± 0,25 1,87 ±0,27 ill , l,37±0,:f i 1-87 ±0,24
Tang trucmg (g/ngay)
12,92 14,00 14,17 9,92 7,92 8,42 7,76 8,17 7,54
FCR 1,79 1,70 1,64 2,22 2,80 2,49 2,88 2,78 2,74
Tyle song (%) 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
2.5
Tl, •>
1 \i I I
5 0.5 0
1 I 1 n 2 I k g n u
C3 4,2kg'ni3 D o ? ki./in3
TlKiiig 7 riKing 8 riiaiig 9 Ngii\ thang kiciii ira
Dd thi 2. Sinh trudng cua ca flm Siberi nudi d 3 mat do trong thdi gian 90 ngay
Ket qua bang 3 vl dd thi 2 cho thay d mat do nudi 2,1 kglnr', ca tam cd tdc do sinh trudng tdt hon so vdi nudi c l tam d mat dd 6,5 k g / m l Nhtr vay, trong san xuat neu mudn nit ngln fhdi gian nudi, nen fhl mat do fhlp de ca dat quy co thirong pham trong thdi gian ngln hon. He sd thuc an thap hon se giam chi phi diu tu va giam thieu muc do rui ro so vdi viec day cao nang suit sinh Idrdi nudi dau tu cao hon va rui ro cung cao hon. Nhu vay hieu qua san xuat se la muc tieu cho sy phat trien ben viing nghe nudi thuy sin ndi rieng vl san xult ndi chung.
Ket qui nghien ctru ve thuc an cho c l tim Siberi cho thay chung ta cd du k h i nang san xuat fhiic an trong nude de giam chi phi san xuat. Viec giam 15%
chi phi thue an trong nudi ca tam thuong pham se tao dieu kien cho siic mua cua thi trudng ndi dia ddng thdi tang kha nang canh tranh cua san pham ca flm thuong pham cua nude fa. Kef qua vd sinh trudng tdt cua c l tim trong nghien cun nay se lam ca sd khoa hgc cho elc dia phuong trong ca nude ung dung de Idiai thlc tidm nang mat nude ldn dem lai hieu qua kinh te cho xa hgi vl nghe nudi c l tam cua nude fa.
IV. KET LUAN
Ket qua nghien cuu ve sinh trudng cua ca tam nudi b i n g thu-c an s i n xuat trong nude khIng dinh kha nang chu ddng va cung cap thuc an cho nghd nudi ca tam Siberi cua nude ta. Day II ket qua ban dau va la c a sd khoa hgc giup cho viec nang cao c h i t lugng thuc an v l hieu qua su dung cua thuc an s i n xuat trong nude giup cho viec p h l t trien ben virng n g h e nudi c l flm trong tuang lai cua ntrdc fa. T r o n g didu kien mdi
trudng cua hd Tuydn Lam, Da lat, tdc do sinh trudng cua ca flm dat kha cao 13,7 g / n g a y , ty le sdng dat 100% va vdi he sd thuc an 1,7 cho phep k h I n g dinh mat do nudi 2,1 kg/m^ hoan toan phu hgi) vdi he thdng nudi ldng ludi.
Can cd nhiing nghien cuu sau hon vd dinh dudng va each thuc su dung nguyen lieu trong san xuat de tang hieu qua su dung thuc an.
Can cd nghien cuu v l trien khai d quy md san xuat hang hoa. Vi vay, can cd nhung nghien ciru danh gui tdc do sinh trudng, ky thuat cham sdc va hieu qua kinh te cua quy md long ludi to giup dinh hudng cho sy phat trien nghe nudi ca tam cua nude fa.
TAI U E U THAM KHAO
1. felikkale, M. S., Memij, D., Ercan E., fagilfay F. (2004). Grow^th performance of juvenile Russian sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedth Brandt & Rafzenburg, 1833) at two stocking densities in net cages. Applied Ichthyology. 21(1), 14-18.
2. Filipiak, J., Sadowski, J., Trzebiatowski, R.
(1998). Effects of different conditions of wintering and feeding intensity on results of rearing the Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baeri).
Folia University Agriculture Stetinesis, Piscaria 24, 25-34.
3. Hung, S. S. 0 . (1991a). Nutrition and feeding of Hatchery-produced juvenile white sturgeon (Acipenser tranmontanus): an overview. In: Williof, P. (Eds.) Proceedings of the First International Symposium on the Sturgeon. CEMAGREF, France, pp.65-67.
4. Hung, S. S. O. (1991b). Sturgeon, Acipencer spp. In: Wilson, R. P. (Eds.) Handbook of Nutrition Requirement for Finfish, CRC Press Boca Raton, Florida, pp.153-160.
5. Koksal, G., Rad, F. and Kindir, M. (2000).
Growth Performance and Feed Conversion Efficiency of Siberian Sturgeon Juveniles (Acipenser baeri) Reared in Concrete Raceways. Turk. J. Vet.
Anim. Sci©T.^iJTNK.
6. Kolman R., Falkowski P., Sidorowicz R.
(1994). T h e potential of cultivating sturgeon in pond farms-Komun. Ryb. 2,1-3.
7. Kolman, R., Szczepkowski, M., Sidorowicz, R. (1994). Rearing of sturgeon in trout ponds. Polish Conference of Salmonids Farmers, pp. 67-72.
8. Medale, F., Corraze, G. and Kaushick, S. J.
(1995). Nutrition of Farmed Siberian sturgeon. In:
Gershanovic, A. D. and Smith, T. I. J. (Eds.).
Proceeding of the Third International Symposium on Sturgeon. VNIRO Publishing. Moscow, Russia, pp.
289-298.
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(2007). Growth performance and body composition of sub-yearling Persian sturgeon, (Acipenser persicus, Borodin, 1897), fed different dietary protein and lipid levels. AppliedIchthyology2Z (3), 204-208.
10. Remraerswaal, R. A. M. (2003). Sturgeon farming in recirculating aquaculture systems.
11. Ruban, G. I. and Konoplja, L. A. (1994). Food of Siberian sturgeon Acipenser baeriirom the Indigirka and Kolyma Rivers. Vopr. Ichtiol, 34,130- 132 (in Russian).
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J. (1987). Routine metabolism of the White sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus): effects of population density and hypoxia. Aquaculture 62, 45-52.
13. Ruer, P. M., Cech, J. J. and Doroshov, S. J.
(1987). Routine metabolism of the White sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus): effects of population density and hypoxia. Aquaculture 62, 45-52.
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Acipenser baerilirandt. In: T h e freshwater fishes of Europe V.I/ IL Wiesbaden: AULA - Verlag:
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7200.
EFFECT OF FEED AND STOCKING DENSTTIES ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF SIBERIAN STURGEON (Acipenser baeri)
Dinh Van Trung, Ngo Thi Diu, Nguyen Viet Thuy Suramary
Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baeri) is one of cold water fish species and an economically valuable species that was introduced to Vietnam in 2005. Initial study focused on comparative growth rate using Finland and domestic feeds with same stocking density (2.1 kg/mOl and another experiment on different stocking densities (2.1 kg/m"*, 4.2 kg/m'* and 6.5 kg/m^) using the domestic feed only. These experiments were carried out in Tuyen Lam reservoir. Da Lat. The mean water temperature of 23.1±0.1"C and dissolved oxygen content of 6.7-6.9 mg/l and pH value of 7.1 to 7.5 were recorded at the experiment site. During 76 day experiment, Siberian sturgeon fed Finland feed showed a better growth rate (6.6 g/day) and lower FCR (1.7) than Siberian sturgeon fed the domestic feed (P<0.05). 100% survival rate was recorded in the both experiments.
In the comparative experiment on stocking densities showed the better growth rate (13.7 g/day) and lower FCR (1.7) obtained from the 2.1 k g / m ' repUcation (P<0.05). Although the higher FCR (2.0) recorded from the Vietnamese feed fed replications but the feed cost was 15% cheaper than the Finland feed.
Keywords: Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baeri), stocking density, growth, feed, cage culture.
Ngudi phln bien: TS. Pham Anh Tuan
