Nghien ciJu - Trao doi
"/Bao ton bien fle nang tam gia tri Thuang hieu bien Viet Nam
O TS. PHAM NGOC SON, KS. PHAM QUANG MY, ThS. HOANG NHAT THONG Tong cue Bien va Hal dao Viet Nam
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huong hieu bien (THB) cd mdi quan he mat thiet vdi bao tdn bien (BTB). Bao tdn bien tao ra suda dang cua san vat, san pham bien, la tien de dexay dung va phat then THB. Thuc hien tdt cong tac BTB se gdp phan phat then ben vdng TN&MT bien, dao.Djnh hinh ThUdng hieu bien TU nhOng nam dau ciia The ky 21, khi nUde ta ngay cang hdi nhap vdi nen kinh te thi trudng tren the gidi, van de IhUPng hieu mdi dupc nhac nhieu va trd thanh mpt chu de ndng duac quan tam, Thdi gian dau, ndi den thuang hieu nhieu ngudi thudng hidu nd vdn chi gin lien vdi san pham va doanh nghiep, chua hidu day dij ndi ham va gia tri to Idn eiia nd. Van edn tdn tai quan niem: Khdng the ed mdt thU THB chung chung, ma phai gin vdi san pham, san vat bidn va doanh nghiep ed hen quan den hoat dpng ve bien ey thd. Nhieu ngudi chua nhan IhUe day du ve gia trj eiia THB Viet Nam dd'i vdi eac IhUPng hieu nganh, dja phuang, doanh nghiep, san pham. Cac nha quan ly eOng dang gSp nhieu lung lung ve phuang phap tiep can van de.
Ndi dung, dd'i tupng hudng de'n trung lap, hieu qua va Ipi fch han che. Nhu vay, ndi dung eiia khai niem thuong hieu ndi ehung va THB ndi rieng vln dang la van de ngo.
ThUPng hieu bidn chfnh la sy
16 Tdl nguy§n vd Moi truong | Ky 2 - Thing 8/2013
cam nhan ve bien Viet Nam cung vdi: Con ngudi, cdng ddng cu dan ven bidn; san vat, san phdm bidn;
nganh nghe, Ifnh vue, hoat ddng, dieh vu va td chac, dia phuang, dja danh co lien quan tdi bien nude ta dupe hinh thanh tU nhOng trai nghiem cd lien quan, khi ehung tao dupe dau an ro rang nhlm thiet lap mdt chd dOng rieng trong lam tri cdng ddng trong nude va qude te.
Da den lue can phai nhin nhan THB Viet Nam la mdt phUPng Ihac khai thae tai nguyen kieu mdi, nhlm thuc day eac hoal ddng quan ly bidn, dao mang fnh tdng hpp, lau dai va ben vCmg. THB se quang ba tiem nang blln, dao Viet Nam vdi nhung didm khac biel, ndi bat de bidn nude ta di vao lam tri ban be the gidi. Tai Diln dan THB lan thd nhat, md hinh THB theo sd bp ban dau se dupe clu thanh bdi cae yeu to; ThUPng hieu con ngudi - cdng ddng cu dan ven bidn, thuong hieu doanh nghiep, san pham, thuong hidu dia phuang/ dia danh/didm den va thUPng hieu nganh, finh vUc kmh te bien. Nhu vay, THB la mdt thyc the bao trum nhOng thanh td khdng chi vupl khoi cae hoal dpng cba doanh nghiep, nganh nghe ma edn mang trong minh phan nhieu gia tri ThUdng hieu Qude gia Nhu vSy, can md rdng thUPng hieu qudc gia "Vietnam Value" sang nhdm gia tn biin Viet Nam "Vietnam Sea value".
Djnh hudng bao ton Bao tdn bien nhlm bao ve cae he sinh thai (HST), cae loai thuy sinh vat bidn cd gia tri va tam qud'c gia hoac qud'c le ve khoa hpc, giao due, du ljch, giai tri.
Oa dang sinh hpc bidn va cac HST bidn da cung cap ngudn Ipi hai san lo Idn cho ndn kinh te vdi khoang 5 trifiu ta'n ca bidn (kha nang khai thlc ben vOng la 2,3
tfieu tan) va tru lupng Idn tdm bidn, mue va eac loai sinh vat day trong vimg tneu. D D S H eiia cac HST bidn la nen tang cho viec phat tnen ben vOng mpt sd nganh kinh te bidn dua vao lai nguyen Ihien nhien nhU du lich, thay san, y dupe bidn.
Nhu vay, BTB la hoat dpng quan ly cae vung bidn xae djnh (kd ea dao ed trong vung bien dd) hudng tdi muc dich bao ve eac loai ddng thyc vat ed gia trj. BTB se bao ve eac HST bidn va duy tri su ODSH bien. He qua la eac loai dpng thue vat d vung bidn dupe bao ve, canh quan vung bien dupe duy tri, la nen lang tao ra sy phong phu ve san vat, san pham bien de cae doanh nghiep, eac Cpng ddng, cac qude gia phat tnen THB, hudng tdi mye tieu phat trien ben vOmg.
Tuy nhien, giUa BTB va phat trien kinh te bien la hai mat caa mpl van de. Neu qua chi^ trpng de'n bao tdn thi khong Ihd phat tridn kmh te bien nhanh, ngupc lai neu qua ehu trong den phat trien kmh te bien thi khd dat dupe muc tieu cua BTB. Chinh dieu nay dat cac qud'c gia ven bien phai can nhle, lua chpn giOa BTB va phat trien kinh te bien. Tuy nhien, xu the chung eiia the gidi hien nay la ket hop hai hoa giua BTB vdi phat tridn kinh te bien. Oieu dd ed nghTa la, can phai cd su can ddi hai hoa giua BTB va phat tridn kmh te bien thdng qua tdng the eac giai phap khon kheo nhlm phat trien ben vOmg, vUa dat dupc mue lieu bao ton, vUa dat dupe muc lieu kinh te.
Hien nay, ehung ta da thuc hien cae cam ket qudc te va day manh cdng tac BTB. Thu lUdng Chfnh phii da ban hanh Quyet dinh sd 742/QD-TTg ve viec phe duyet Quy hoach he thd'ng khu
BTB Viet Nam den nam 2020.
Theo do, den nam 2015, nude ta se thiel lap va dua vao hoat ddng 16 khu BTB trai dai tU Bic xudng Nam. Giai doan 2016 - 2020 se nghien eCru, de xual quy hoaeh phat tridn md rdng he thdng khu BTB, thiel lap va dua vao hoat ddng mdt sd khu BTB mdi. Day chmh la n6 lye Idn eua Viet Nam eung vdi cdng ddng qudc te' trong trong chien lupc loan cau ve bao ve ODSH ndi chung va bao ve cac HST bien ndi rieng, tao thuan Ipi eho phat trien nghe ea ben vung, du ljch sinh thai bien d cac vung bien, hai dao cua da't nude trong thdi gian tdi. Viee phe duyet Quy hoach he thdng khu BTB Viet Nam den nSm 2020 da tao cP sd phap ly quan Irpng cho cac bd, nganh va eac dia phUPng ven bien ehu ddng hon trong ke hoach hanh ddng bao ve ngudn Ipi thuy san. bao ve canh quan mdi trudng bien, gdp phan thuc day phat trien THB cung nhu phat trien kinh le bien ben vCmg.
Nang tam gia trj thUdng hieu bien
Thuong hieu bidn Viet Nam la mpl each lam dpc dao, mpt trong nhung phuong thdc khai Ihac tai nguyen kieu mdi, gdp phan dua cac san pham kinh te, van hoa, du lich bidn cua chung ta ed sUe eanh tranh hdn khi hudng den thj trudng qudc te rpng Idn. THB Viet Nam phai gdp phan tao ra dpng luc tang trudng va lien kel cac vung kinh te, nganh kinh te eaa dia phUdng, eiia qude gia trong bd'i eanh hpi nhap kinh te qudc le.
THB can tao nen ydu td cam xuc manh me, dupc xem la dpng lue thuc day su nghiep CNH-HDH da't nudc, phan anh xu the phat tnen va vj the caa qudc gia vdi ban be qud'c te va can trd thanh mdt Tdl nguyen vd Mdi trudng | Ky 2 - Thing 8/2013 \1
phuong phap ddc dao de thu hut dau tu va hpp tac phat tridn dia phUPng va qudc te. Xay dung, phat trien va quan ly THB Viet Nam ddi hdi ehung ta phai xae lap nhijmg tieu chuan mang tfnh khu vuc va qud'c te. Dieu nay giup khai thae va quan ly ngudn tai nguyen bien mot each hai hoa va bdn vung hon. Day eung chinh la nhan Id de giu gin gia trj IhUPng hieu eiia minh. Ben eanh dd, can phai lap trung vao nhung bien phap dd nang eao va g\b gin dUpc cac thuang hieu da cd trong eac nganh, ITnh vyc; IrUde het la quang ba, bao ve va nang cao hieu qua cac thuang hieu san pham ciia nganh du ljch, Ihay san, ddng tau.
Qua trinh xay dyng va phat tridn THB Viet Nam gin vdi viec phat huy hieu qua ciia cac thUdng hieu nhanh, trong do ed IhUPng hieu dja danh bien, dao noi tieng lau nay cung vdi eae san vat.
san pham bidn eCia nd. ThUPng hieu cac khu BTB gan lien vdi cac dja danh, thing canh va eae san pha'm, san vat bien dae trung, la nhung "diem de'n hap dan". De gia In ciia eac khu BTB dupe gia tang, can chu y tdi eae giai phap sau day:
Hoan thien he thong thS che chinh sich, phap luat: Trudc het, can lap trung xay dyng cae van ban hudng din thi hanh Luat Bidn Khan IrUdng nghien cCru xay dyng va trinh Qude hdi ban hanh Luat QLTH vung ven bidn, Luat TN&MT bidn va hai dao, trong dd ehu trpng den cac npi dung ve BTB; trien khai xay dung cae van ban hudng din thi hanh luat.
Ddng thdi, saa ddi, bd sung va hoan thien ed ehe, ehinh sach, phap luat ve BTB. Xay dUng he thd'ng chinh sach khuyen khich
cac ngudn dau tu trong nudc va ngoai nude de phat tridn cac khu BTB. Hoan thien chinh sach, cP che quan ly KBTB b cap qude gia, tinh va ban quan ly KBTB va cap cP sd.
Kien toin bg miy quan ly nha nudc vi khu BTB: Oe cdng tac BTB cd hieu qua can phai xay dung eac cd che, chinh sach bao dam phd'i hpp ddng bp giSa cac bd, nganh va dja phuang ven bidn; cd sy phan cong, phan cap ro rang trong quan ly cac khu BTB. xay dyng cP che, chinh sach phdi hpp tren CP sd xdc djnh ro chdc nang, nhiem vu va mdi quan he phd'i hpp ve quan ly cae khu BTB giiia cac bd, nganh, dja phUPng nhlm giai quyel nhOng chdng cheo, trung lap hoac bd sdt nhiem vy. Sdm thanh lap day dd Ban quan ly ciia 16 khu BTB cQa ca nude de tao ra su thong sudt trong quan ly tU trung UPng den dia phuang.
Nang cao chat lugng dgi ngu cdng chdc: Nang cao chat lupng dpi ngu ean bp lam cdng tac bao tdn thdng qua viee xay dung va trien khai ke hoaeh phat trien, dao tao ngudn nhan lye db manh thyc hien nhiem vy quan ly nha nude ve BTB; xac djnh long so bien ehe theo vi trf viec lam, bao dam db bien ehe thye hien nhiem vy;
luydn ehpn dpi ngu can bp cd pham eha't va nang lye thyc thi nhiem vu.
Ben eanh dd, can thuc hien quy hoach va cd ke hoaeh dao tao, boi dudng nang eao trinh dp.
ehuyen mdn nghiep vy eho can bd. Day manh phd'i hpp vdi cac CP sd dao tao trong va ngoai nude trong cdng tae dao tao ngudn nhan lye thyc hien nhiem vu quan ly BTB vdi nhieu hinh thae. Ngoai ra, can ban hanh cac che dp.
ehinh sach Uu dai, khuyen khich dot vdi can bd thUc hien nhi§m vu BTB.
- Dau tu ca sd vat chat, trang thiet bj phuc vu quan ly: Quan ly khu BTB doi hoi phai cd ngudn lut Idn nhu KHCN bidn, cd trang thiet bj ehuyen dung va cP s6 vat chat hien dai. Day la bien phap quan trpng nham sdm khac phuc linh trang lac hau ve trinh do ky thuat va quan ly trong eae khu BTB 5 nude ta.
T6 chdc lap quy hoach. ke hoach sd dung biSn; phan vung si?
dung bidn; ri soat, diiu chinh quy hoach cac khu BTB: Tren cP sd quy hoach tdng the sa dung bien, hai dao, can ra soat, dieu ehinh quy hoach eac khu BTB. Dong thdi, xay dyng va thue hien cd hieu qua eae de an, dU an ^eu tra, nghien eCru khoa hpe lam eP sci xae djnh, de xual md rpng cac khu BTB va bien phap bao ve cu the ddi vdi tCmg khu BTB.
Phat huy vai trd cOa cong dong: Trong qua trinh khai thae bien, hanh vi caa cdng ddng co lac ddng ddn khu BTB theo ea hai chieu hudng tich cUc va tieu cUc:
HoSc bao ve tdt khu BTB hoSc lam suy thoai khu BTB. Vi vay, phai lich cyc tuyen truyen. giao dye nang cao nhan thae ciia eong ddng ve gia trj caa cac khu BTB dd hp cd nhOmg hanh ddng tich cue ddi vdi khu BTB thdng qua cae bien phap khai thae ben vOng tai nguyen, mdi trudng bidn.
Ting cUdng hgp tac quoc t^:
Trong dieu kien ngudn lUc trong nude han che, can tang cUdng vS ddy manh hpp tac qudc td ve BTB nham thu hut vdn dau tU. tao ngudn nhan luc, KHCN hien dai, phuong phap quan ly... caa cic nUdc dd phuc vy quan ly cae khu BTB d Viet Nam."
18 tdi nguyen vd Mdi trudng | Ky 2 - Thing 8/2013
