XAY mjNG l\hi GIAO DIJC DAN XdC DAI\ CHU « VtWG CAN Ctr CACH MANG TINH THU DAU MOT - BINH DlTONG
TRONG KHANG CHIEN CHONG MY (1954-1975)
NGUYEN VAN HIEP*
H
iep dinh ve cha'm dflt chie'n tranh, lap lai hda binh b Ddng Dfldng dfldc ky ngay 21-7-1954 tai Gendve, Thuy Si; theo do, cac nflde tham dfl hdi nghi cam ke't tdn trpng ehii quyen, dpc lap, thd'ng nha't va toan ven lanh thd, khdng can thiep vao edng viee ndi bd ciia ba nflde Ddng Dfldng. Ldi dung thd't bai cua Phap, de' qud'e My nhanh chdng trien khai am mflu xam lUdc Viet Nam, bien m i l n Nam Viet Nam thanh thupc dia kieu mdi va can cfl quan sfl eiia My, ngan ehan anh hfldng ciia chu nghia cpng san va phong trao giai phong dan tdc dang lan rdng b khu vfle Dong Nam A. Trong bd'i canh do, giao due each mang b Thii D i u Mpt - Binh Dfldng phai vupt qua cudc chie'n tranh ac liet de xay dflng nen giao due dan tde dan ehii.1. Duy t r i giao d u e ca,ch m a n g t r o n g k h o k h a n t h i i t h a c h m 6 i (1954 - 1960)
Hiep dinh Geneve ky chfla rao mflc, chinh quyen Ngo Dinh Diem da bdc lp rd y do pha hoai, khiing bd' nhflng ngUdi tham gia khang chie'n. Tren linh vflc giao due, chinh quyen Ngd Dinh Diem lap tflc thay doi he thdng va ndi dung giao due b mien Nam, bang each cho ap dung chfldng trinh
giao due do eac doan cd van ve" van hoa • giao due cua My soan thao. Mpt mat, chinh quyen Diem mudn loai bd anh hfldng ciia nen giao due Phap de lai, mat khac ra sflc dfla vao ehfldng trinh giao due mdi xay dflng ndi dung chd'ng cdng, phu nhan thanh qua each mang va khang chie'n. Khau hieu cua nganh giao due do chinh quyin Diem d l r a la "ddn toe, nhdn bdn, khai phon^', nhUng thuc cha't do la nen giao due nhim phue vu eho tang Idp thfldng lflu, trung lUu dang edng tac mat thiet vdi My - Diem, U vung ndng thon, he thd'ng trfldng hpc do chinh quyen Sai Gdn xay dflng chi co duy nhat bae tieu hpc, tap trung tai cac true lp chinh, g i n ddn bo't. Hpe sinh mudn hpc tiep tfl Idp De tha't (Idp 6) trd len, phai ra thi tra'n, thi xa hoac len cae thanh phd ldn. Do vay, con em nhan dan lao ddng ngheo tJ nhflng vung nong thdn khdng ed dilu kien dfldc den trfldng, nhieu em trong do tudi di hpc hoan toan khdng bidt chfl.
Tren thflc te, nhu cau hpe tap eua con em nhan dan lao ddng la ra't 16n. Nam bat dflde nhu cau dd, dpi ngu lam cdng tac giao due each mang b tinh Thu Dau Mdt mong mud'n tiep tuc duy tri va phat trien boat
• TS, Trudng Dai hoc Thu Dau Mpt
Xay dung n ^ giao dijc dan »6c dan chi...
ddng giao due, nhlft la giao due tieu hoc va binh dan hoc vu. Nhung dieu kien thuc te' khdng cho phdp thUc hien mong mudn dd, bdi sau Hiep dinh Geneve, mdt sd can bd chii chdt eua nganh giao due tinh Thu D i u Mdt thdi chdng Phap hy sinh, sd' khae dupe td chflc s i p xep r a rhiln B i e tap ket, mdt sd' giao vien khang chiin dfldc phan cdng b lai phai rut vao ho^t ddng bi mat (1). Trong hoan canh dd, nhflng can bp, giao vien tam huyet b tinh Thu D i u Mdt tim each tao vd bpc hdp phap dd hoat ddng va no lflc gay dflng cd sd tai cae trfldng tfl thuc. Tieu bieu la cae trfldng Binh Dan, Anh Minh, Tri Tri, Dflc Tri, Nghia An, Nghia PhUdng (thi xa Thu Dau Mdt), Tan Quang (Chau Thanh) (2).
Ben canh dd, tai cac huyen, mdt sd' can bd, cd sd each mang hoac q u i n chung ydu nflde, ed cam tinh vdi each mang da tan dung t h i edng khai hdp phap dflng ra md eac Idp hoc tai tfl gia, dfla vao ehfldng trinh giang day nhflng bai hpc v l ldng ai qudc, long tfl hao dan tpc. Hinh thflc Idp hpc tU gia phat trien manh b vung can cfl khang chien cu nhfl Long Nguyen, Lai Hflng, An Dien, An Tky, Phfl An (Ben Cat), Thanh An, Thanh Tuyln, Dinh An (Diu Tieng), Uyen Hflng, An Thanh, Binh Hda, My Hda (Tan Uyen) (3). Trong dilu kien bi chinh quyen tay sai d l qudc kilm soat gat gao, cac t h i y ed giao cf cac Idp hpc t u gia nay thudng ehu trpng giao due dao dflc, nhan each va tinh ydu que hfldng, da't nfldc cho hpc sinh nhfl: k l chuyen v l tfldng Nguyin Binh (4), ve cae chien khu b Thu Dau Mdt thdi chd'ng Phap (chien khu Long Nguyen, Thuan An Hda, chien khu D), gidi thieu lang sdn mai t r u y i n thd'ng Tfldng Binh Hi^p, lang gdm Tan PhUdc Khanh (Tan Uydn), gidi thidu nhflng ndt van hda cd truyin ciia qud hUdng (vd thuat Tan Khanh - Ba Tra, le hdi chfla Ba Thien Hau, le hpi
ehfla Ong Bon), Ben canh vide hpc chfl, hoc sinh edn dUde t h i y giao "khai tam" nhflng hieu biet ve each mang (nhU can cfl khang Phap d i u the ky XX d My Ldc - Tan Uyen, phong trao Hdi kin d Uyen Hflng (Tan Uyen), phong trao cdng san b Nhk may xe ICla Di An, phong trao truyin ba chfl Qudc ngfl vdi nhflng thay giao ten tud'i mdt thdi nhfl Le Minh ChUdng, Nguyin Van Tiet...) (5).
Tuy nhien, trong boi canh ehinh quyin My - Diem ngay cang day manh cac ehien dich "td' cdng", "diet cdng", hoat ddng cua eac Idp hpe t u gia vdi tinh t h i n yeu nudc, tie'n bd khdng t h i tranh khoi tinh trang hi theo ddi, kiem soat chat ehe. Hdn nfla, dpi ngu can bd, dang vien bam tru dia ban de chi dao phong trao each mang - trong dd cd mang eong tac giao due - lai bi tdn tha't het sflc nang ne. Nhilu thiy, cd giao da bi bat, tu day va bi gie't (nhfl t h i y Nguyen Van Cudng, Pham Van Tiep, LUu Vkn Chfl, Nguydn Van Minh, Nguyen Van Tam, Nguyin Van Lie, Nguydn Van Dfldng, Hu^nh Minh Bach, Nguyin Van Lila, thiy Diep Hdi, ed Nguyin Thi Re. bi dich bit, ngfldi bi k i t an tOf hinh, ngfldi hi day di Cdn Dao...). Cd sd Dang, ed sd each mang tan vd hang loat, mot sd huyen khdng cdn chi bp cd sd nao tdn tai va boat dong. Phong trao each mang ci Thii Diu Mdt noi ehung, boat ddng giao due each mang trdn dia ban tinh ndi rieng, dflng trfldc thii thach khde liet (6).
Tfl cudi nam 1957 de'n nam 1959, d Thii D i u Mdt khdng cd hoat ddng ddc lap cua bp phan lam cdng tae giao due. Cac Idp hpe tfl gia cung ngay eang thu hep. Mdt sd cd sd each mang va quan ehung yeu nflde tan dung the edng khai hdp phap d i u tranh ddi ehinh quyen phai xay dflng trfldng Idp cho con em cd chd hpe tap. 6 mdt sd trfldng hpc
68 Rghien eijru Lieh siSr. sg 8.2014 cua chinh quyen tay sai, giao vien t h a n h
lap cac td bi mat lien he vdi ed sd each mang, tham gia cung eSp tin tflc, tai lieu cua dieh cho each mang. Trong hoan eanh hi dan ap ngat ngheo, cac hoat ddng giao due tam lang nhflng tinh t h i n yeu nghi, nhidt tinh each mang eua dpi ngii nha giao ydu nfldc van am t h i m chd dpi cd hdi tie'p tiic boat ddng.
2. Ttfng hxidc p h a t t r i e n giao d u e d a n t o e d a n c h u t r o n g q u a t r i n h e h u y e n t h e e a c h m a n g (1960 -1965)
Tfl d i u nam 1960, phong trao Ddng khdi cua ddng bao mien Nam ngay cang lan rdng, lam suy sup bd may quan sU va chinh quyin Sai Gdn b xa, a'p. De'n ngay 20-12- 1960,.M^t t r a n Dan tdc giai phdng mien Nam Viet Nam r a ddi. Tuyen ngdn va ehfldng trinh hanh ddng eua Mat tran Dan tdc giai phdng mien Nam Viet Nam la ngpn cd hieu trieu nhan dan Thu D i u Mdt dflng ldn da'u tranh each mang, danh dd e h i dp thudc dia tra hinh eiia de' qud'e My va chinh quyen tay sai Ngd Dinh Diem, lap nen chinh quyin each mang (7). Vdi sfl phat triln ciia phong trAo Ddng khdi va sfl ra ddi cua Mat tr$n Dfin tde giai phdng mien Nam Viet Nam, t)y ban Mat tran Dan tdc giai phdng dfldc thAnh lap b cd'p tinh, huy§n va nhilu xa, a'p. Ban Thdng tin van hda giao due ciia Mat tran Dfin t0c giai phdng cac ea'p dflng ra ehi dao phong trao binh dan hpc vu va bd tuc van hda cho nhan dan.
Vdi chii trfldng "giai phdng de'n dau, thue hidn cdng tac giao due d i n do", tai cac xa do each mang lam chu sau Ddng khdi, ean bd bd phan tuyen truyen td ehflc ngay nhflng budi gap gd de van ddng, hfldng d i n cac t h i y cd giao tai d|a ban tiep quan cae trudng hpe, Idp hpc dk cd hoac xay dflng trfldng, I6p mdi. Dfldi su lanh dao eua Mat
trfin Dan tdc giai phdng, cae xa, i p hd hdi md Idp xoa mii chfl va tjo tuc van hda. Xa nao, a'p nao giai phong deu ed trUdng Idp va ddng dao hpe sinh di hpe. TrUdng Idp lflc nay chu ye'u xky dflng hang tre, la do nhan dan gdp. T h i y ed giao van dpng phu huynh va hpc sinh trdng cfiy de tao mau xanh va t r a n h may bay dich ban pha. Ndi dung giang day theo chfldng trinh giao due each mang thdi ky khang chie'n chdng Phap, nha't la dd'i vdi cac mdn Van, Sii, Giao due cdng dan. Do saeh giao khoa thieu, nen 3 mdt sd ndi cd ke't hdp st[ dung saeh giao khoa cac mdn Toan, Danh Van trong vung dieh tam ehiem. De npi dung day va hpc gan vdi thflc tien, giao vien cdn sii dung mdt sd'bai bao, tin tfle thdi sfl... truyin dat cho hpc sinh. Khdng khi hpe tap trong vung giai phdng tuy cdn n h i l u khd khan gian khd,, tham chi ed luc t h i y trd dang trong gid hpe phai ehay ean nhflng ludn tran day l^c quan, pha'n khdi. Trfldc sU phat triln manh ciia phong trao giao due b vung giai phdng, thang 10-1962, Tieu ban Giao due Trung Udng Cue mien Nam (gpi t i t la Tilu ban Giao due miln) dflde t h a n h lap, trfle thudc Ban Tuyen hua'n, giup Trung Udng Cue chi dao cdng tac giao due toan miln Nam (8).
Sau dd, eae tieu ban giao due khu, tinh, huyen, xa dUdc t h a n h lap chinh thfle.
6 tinh Thu D i u Mdt, Tieu ban Giao due tinh dfldc t h a n h lap do ba Nguydn Thi Re lam Trfldng t i l u ban. Cac dng Nguyen Van Tai, Vu Hoang Khanh, Ngd Long Vd lam uy vien. Tilu ban Giao due tinh ddng tai Bau Rd, xa Thanh Tuyen - Tri Tam (Diu Tieng).
Sau khi Tieu ban Giao due tinh thanh ISp, tai cac huyen, xa, bd may chi dao edng tac giao due eung l i n lUdt hinh thanh theo nganh dpc; huyen cd Tieu ban Giao due true thudc Ban Tuyfin hua'n, eae xa cd Ban Giao due thudc chi b§ xa, mot so" ndi b cac
Xay dung n&i gjAo due dan »6c dan chii...
a'p ciing hinh t h a n h Ban Giao due a'p. Vao thcli dilm mdi t h a n h l|ip, trinh dp chuyen mdn ciia can bd cdc tieu ban giao due tfl cip huydn d i n xa, a'p edn ban che. Song vdi khi t h i each mang dang phat trien rat manh, tilu ban giao due cac efi'p da nd lUe cham lo td chflc trUdng, 16p, cung e i p sach vd, giai quylt nhu e i u hpe hanh cho con em nhan dan. De phu hdp vdi dieu kidn thUc te eua dia phUdng, eae trUdng hpe dUdc td ehflc th&nh tflng dilm nhd trong tflng a'p, thuan tidn di lai cua giao vien va hpc sinh; Idp hpc chu ye'u do nhan dan cho da't, dong gdp cay, l a v a eiing nhau dung ldn, ed Idp dUde td chfle trong nha dan; ban ghe, dung cu hpe t^tp edn r i t t h i l u thd'n. Thay, cd giao chii yeu la nhflng thanh nien biet chfl tfl nguydn tham gia giang day khdng ddi hdi thu lao. Sau gid day hpc, cac t h i y ed giao ciing san xua't b gia dinh hoae giup nhan dan san xua't.
Vdi sfl hoat dpng tieh cflc eiia tieu ban giao due huydn, xa va cac a'p, phong trao binh dan hpe vu va bd tue van hda d Thu Diu Mdt phat trien ra't manh. Dau nam 1963, Tinh uy Thii D i u Mdt da thanh lap trfldng Van Chinh vdi nhiem vu day van hda, chinh tri eho can bd khang ehien cac ca'p tinh, huyen va thanh thilu nien la con em can bd, du kich, ddng thdi dao tao dpi ngu giao vien bing each md nhflng Idp hua'n luydn nghiep vu n g i n ngay tfl 1 t u i n den 1 - 2 thang. Tieu ban Giao due tinh lam ndng cdt cho cdng tac dao tao giao vien tai trfldng Vfln Chinh. Ngay sau khi trfldng Van Chinh thanh lap, Tieu ban Giao due tinh da tap hdp nhflng can bd, du kieh b ckc ed quan eua tinh, huyen tham gia cdng tac trong Tilu ban Giao due va eac Idp dao tao giao vidn. Cac huyen Ben Cat, Chau Thanh, Tri Tam (Diu Tilng) deu cii ngUdi tham dfl. Khda hpc keo dai trong 1 thang.
Mdt sd' giao vidn b vung tam ehiem cung
dupe van ddng vao vung giai phdng tham cdng tac giao due. Phu trach Idp la can bp 5 Tieu ban Giao due tinh va mot so" lanh dao Ban Tuydn hugfli tinh.
De dap flng nhu ciu giao vien cho cae dia phfldng, thang 8-1963, Tieu ban Giao due mien Nam da md trfldng sfl pham dao t£io giao vien trong toan miln la'y ten la Trfldng giao due Thang Tam (9). 6 tinh Thu Dau Mpt, cung vdi can bd Tieu ban Giao due tinh, mdi huydn eflng cut 3 - 4 can bd tham dfl khda dao tao giao vien Thang Tam.
Sau chin thang hpc tap tai can efl R (Tay Ninh), cae t h i y cd giao da v l td ehfle Idp hua'n luyen b mdi huyen d l phd biln v l dfldng ldi giao due cua Mat tran Dan tpc Giai phdng miln Nam, ddng thdi gidi thipu nhflng tai Udu hpc tap do Tieu ban Giao due mien bien soan nhu quyen: Vdn binh ddn hgc vu phuc vu cuoc khdng chie'n chdng My, Chuang trinh cdp 1 bd tdc vdn hoa cflng mdt sd saeh ea'p 1 bd tfle van hda (Tap dpc, Toan, Dia ly...).
Cflng thdi diem eac t h i y cd giao k i t thflc khoa dao tao giao vien b can cfl R trd vl, tinh Thu D i u Mot dflpe Trung fldng tfing cfldng them 4 can bd tfl miln Bic cd trinh dp dai hpc v l tham gia cdng tac tai Tieu ban Giao due tinh, ddng thdi Tinh uy cung tang cfldng them hai giao vien dang edng tae tfl Ban Tuyen huan cho Tieu ban. Lflc lfldng nay nhanh chong tda ve cae huyen chi dao ehuyen mdn, hua'n luydn v l nghiep vu day hpc, phd bie'n phUdng phap to chflc va xay dung phong trao giao due. Sd can bp nay da trd thanh nhflng nong cot ca v l chuyen mdn va edng tac td chfle, phat ddng phong trao giao due b dia phfldng.
Cudi thang 4 d i u thang 5-1964, Dai hdi giao due toan miln Nam dupe td chflc nhim thd'ng nha't dfldng ldi, muc tieu, he thong to
70 t e h i e n cuu Ljtdi sit, sd 8.2Q14 ehflc giao due, chfldng trtnh sach giao khoa.
Tilp dd, ngay 19-5-1964, Dai hoi t h a n h lap Hdi nha giao ydu nfldc nham tfip hop t a t ea nhflng ngfldi lam cdng tac giao due, eae nha giao ydu nUdc va tid'n bd trong toan m i l n Nam vao mat t r a n da'u tranh thflc hien mdt n i n giao due dan tpc, dan chu va t i l n bd, ehdng lai ehinh saeh nd dieh cua d l qud'c My va chinh quyen tay sai (10).
Sau Dai hpi giao due toan mien Nam, Tilu ban Giao due tinh da md bd'n Idp hua'n luyen giao vien n g i n ngay cho cac dia phUdng. Hai Idp dUdc to chfle tai Thanh Tuyln (Diu Tilng), mdt Idp md tai An Tay va mpt Idp md tai Long Nguyen (Ben Cat).
Mdi Idp tfl 15 d i n 20 ngfldi tham dfl. Npi dung trpng tam la bdi dfldng phUdng phap va nguydn tac day hpe de dflng Idp.
Cd dpi ngii giao vien lam ndng cdt, hau h i t eae xa b vung can cfl d i u hinh thanh Tilu ban Giao due (trflc thudc Ban Van giao xa). Tieu ban Giao due lam nhidm vu md Idp va van ddng nhan dan ddng gdp edng sflc, gao, tien xay dflng trfldng Idp;
nudi gia'u, bao ve giao vidn. Khdng khi hpc tdp hd't sfle sdi nd'i. Cac Idp hpe dfldc td chfle thfldng xuyen, b ba't cfl chd nao (dfldi gd'c cfiy, gian biu, gian mfldp...), ba't k l ngay ddm, miln yen tid'ng sung la ed t h i dd'n Idp de .hpe. Muc tieu eua Idp hpe ra't thiet thflc va phu hpp vdi hoan canh eu t h i la lam sao cho ddng bao, can bd, chie'n si bie't dpc, bie't vid't (de dpc dflde cdng van, vid't dUpc k h i u hieu). Vdi long nhiet tinh, tan tam, cdng tae van ddng quan ehflng td't, nen eae giao vidn di de'n dau cung dUpc ea'p uy, mat tran va nhan dan h i t ldng giup dd d l md diem trudng (hoae cho mUdn nha d l md Idp),
Vdi nhflng cd' ging tren, trong nhflng nam 1963 - 1964, phong trao giao due d Thii Dau Mdt phat trien thuan lpi nha't
trong khang chie'n cho'ng My. De'n cum nam 1964, Thu D i u Mdt fldc tinh cd den 38 trudng va diem trUdng tieu hpc, 120 giao vien vdi g i n 2.500 hpc sinh ea bd tflc van hda va binh dan hpe vu; xa nhieu nha't cd vai diem trfldng ed tii 4 - 10 giao vien, xa it nha't Cling cd 1 - 2 diem trfldng va 3 - 5 giao vien. Theo so heu thd'ng ke sd bp eiia Ban Lidn lae eUu giao ehfle Thii D i u Mot, vao thdi diem cuoi nam 1964, trdn dia ban cac lang cao su Dau Tilng ta md dfldc 8 diem trfldng b eac lang 4, 5, 6, 10, 16, 18, 21, 22;
hai xa Thanh An va Thanh Tuyln deu co 5 diem trfldng (Thanh An b eac ap 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, Thanh T u y l n b cac a'p 3, 4, 5, 7, 11). Ben Cat la ndi co phong trao giao due phat trien manh nha't. Xa An Tay md dfldc 3 diem trfldng (b ckc a'p 1, 2, 4); xa An Diln md dupc 1 diem trudng; xa Phfl An md hai diem trUdng (ap 1, 4); xa Long Nguyen ed 6 diem trUdng (a'p 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, Trang Ldn); xa Kie'n An (An Lap) cd 3 dilm trudng (Bau Khai, Hd Can, Da't Dd); xa Chanh Lflu (Chanh Phu Hda) md dfldc 4 Idp (a'p 1, 2, 3, 4) (11).
CJ mdi diem trUdng deu ed tfl mdt de'n ba Idp hpe. Tfly tinh hinh b mdi ndi, ed dilm trfldng dflpe xay dflng ngay trong xdm, ap (Diu Tie'ng, Chanh Phu Hda); ed diem trfldng dfldc lam dfldi nhflng tan eay ldn (Thanh An, Thanh Tuyln); cd diem trfldng d\i6c lam kin dao trong bia rflng. Phin ldn eae diem trfldng, Idp hpe deu ed he thd'ng giao thdng hao tranh bom dan. Dac biet la b Long Nguyen va cae xa An Diln, An Tay, Phu An la ndi thfldng xuyen hi dieh can quet, ban pha bom phao nen cac dilm trUdng diu cd h§
thdng giao thdng hao Uen ke't vdi hd thdng cdng sfl ea nhan de giao vidn va hpc sinh tni an khi eo dich can quet. Cd ndi nen Idp hpc dflde dao sau xudng da't ehiing hdn Im de dflng nha.
Xay dtfng ndn giao dye dan toe dan chi..
Ndi dung giang day chu yeu la hai mdn Van. Toan theo chUdng trinh Idp 1, 2 cua giao due miln Bic. Tieu han Giao due cii ckn bd ldn cfin cfl R sao chep saeh giao khoa Tieu hpc chuyen tfl m i l n Bic vao rdi danh may, in thanh quyen dfla ve eae trfldng lam tai lieu giang day va hpe tap. Trong nam 1965, T i l n ban Giao due tinh da in va ehuyen ve cac dia phUdng tren 3.000 ban saeh Toan va Tie'ng Viet tfl Idp 1 den Idp 4.
Ngoai hai mdn ehinh la Van va Toan, Tieu ban Giao due tinh con la'y ndi dung tfl saeh, bao each m^ng d l bien soan tai Hdu giao due dao dflc each mang cho hpe sinh vdi ten goi "Hgc bdo" (12).
Phfldng cham "hpe den dau day dd'n dd", phong trao giao due each mang b Thu Dau Mpt xua't hien n h i l u sang kie'n ca trong day va hpc. Mdt sd' dia phfldng tfl dao tao giao vien ca'p tdc nang cao trinh dp van hda eua thiy, ed giao. Cd t h i y co chi vfla bie't doe bilt vid't da tham gia day hpc, nhflng sau miy thang hua'n luydn, mpi ngfldi d i u n i m dfldc each soan giao an dam bao diy du cae ndi dung: giao due tfl tudng each mang cho hpc sinh, truyin thu kie'n thflc va ren luyen ky nang, ky xao.
Tren da phat t r i l n manh eiia bac tieu hoc, d i u nam 1965, Tinh iiy chii trfldng md trfldng ca'p 2 vdi hinh thflc hpc tap trung danh cho con em can bd t r o r ^ cac cd quan dkn - ehinh - dang va ddng bao vflng can efl.
Thi^e hidn chOi trfldng cua tinh. Ban Tuyen huin va Tieu ban Giao due tinh da da Ifla chpn dia dilm tai khu vflc Ddng Trdn (xa Thanh Tuyen) de md trfldng cd'p 2 tap trung la'y tdn la trfldng Ly Tfl Trpng. Thang 2 nfim 1965, trfldng xay dflng xong va tuyen sinh ngay dflde 2 Idp (1 Idp 5 ed 29 hpc sinh va Idp 6 cd 20 hpc sinh). Cae t h i y giio Pham Thanh Hai, Nguyin Hflu Phfldc, Nguyin Thu Van la can bd b Tieu ban Giao
due tinh dfldc phan cdng vfla phu trach, vfla giang day. Thay Pham Thanh Hai dflde phan cdng lam Hieu trfldng. Trfldng Ly Tfl Trpng cdn dflde Phan lien khu mien Dong e^ thay giao Nguyin Vilt Thoa - la can bp eua Tieu ban Giao due khu ve hd trd ehuyen mdn va giang day tai trfldng Ly Tfl Trpng trong hai thang.
Cung nhfl 5 Thu D i u Mdt, tren dia ban huyen Tan Uyen (vao thdi diem nay thudc dia ban tinh Phfldc Thanh) hoat dpng giao due cung phat trien r i t manh. Tieu ban Giao due Phfldc Thanh do dng Do Trung Nhan (Tfl Nhan) lam trfldng ban da efl dfldc 2 can bp tham gia khda dao tao giao vien Thang Tam va quy tu mdt sd' giao vien tfl vung dich tam chie'm v l edng tac nhfl cac thay Tam Tam, Tfl Trien, Chin Long. De'n nam 1965, Tilu ban Giao due Phudc Thanh CO 7 can bp, giao vien. Vdi luc lfldng nay, Tieu ban Giao due da md Idp bo tuc van boa tai ed quan Tuyen giao tinh eho can bd eac ed quan, doan the ddng thdi tda v l eac xa b Chid'n khu D md Idp xda mu chfl, bd tue van hda eho can bd, chien si va ddng bao. Din cud'i nam 1965. d Tan Uyen, Tieu ban Giao due da md dupe mot so' diem trUdng tieu hpc d cac xa Binh My, Tan Binh, Tan My, Phfldc Hda. 6 mdi diem trfldng, Tieu ban Giao due tinh d i u den chi dao dn dinh trfldng Idp, hfldng ddn sfl pham cho giao vien. 6 mpt sd' dia phfldng, ddng bao cat nha trong rflng sau tranh dich "tat" dan nhilu lin tfl hdi xay dflng i p chien Iflpe, Tieu ban Giao due td chflc cac diem trfldng Hen xa de phuc vu ddng bao, Mdt sd ddng bao b vung sau, vung xa khong the td ehfle diem trfldng. 16p hoc, Tieu ban Giao due eii can bd, giao vien d i n md Idp bd tuc van boa lflu ddng cho can bd xa, eac hdi. doan the va ddng bao.
Rghien euii IJch sir, s o 8.2014 Phong trao hpc tap van hda sdi noi 5 Thu
D i u Mdt trong nhflng nam 1964 - 1965 la bieu tfldng, hinh anh tot dep eua each mang trong nhflng ngay ehiln t r a n h ae lidt.
Gifla vung thdn que, xen lan hinh anh ehan lam tay bun cua ngfldi ndng dan, v | n nghe tha'y nhflng tieng danh v i n cua hoc sinh hoa trong tid'ng sung dan. Hinh anh a'y da di vao thd ea vdi nhiing v i n tho r a t ddi than thfldng, binh di, nhfl d l ghi nhan va tdn vinh nhflng ddng gop t h i m lang ma vinh quang eua nhflng ngfldi lam cong tae giao due b Thu D i u Mdt; "Ngodi ddng My - ngity ddn qudn I Trong nhd tre vdn quay qudn eai Xin chdo be Nu, be Hoa I Ngdy Id CO gido, dim Id hgc sinh" (13).
3. SiJfe sd'ng g i a o d u e e a c h m a n g t r o n g c h i e n t r a n h a c liet (1965 -1975)
Tfl nam 1965, vdi tha't bai cua chie'n Ifldc
"Chie'n t r a n h dae bidt". My day manh chie'n t r a n h xfim Ifldc b i n g chien Ifldc
"Chiin t r a n h cue bd" (the local war). Trdn dia ban ThOi D i u Mdt va PhUde Thanh, tfl thang 9-1965, d l qud'e My va quan dpi Sai Gdn huy ddng 20 t i l u doan (ed 2 tieu doan thude Lfl doan du 173 My) md cudc can
"Hflng Vfldng 9", danh pha can cfl each mang b Be'n Cat n h i m giai tda doan Id 13 tfl Ben c a t di Chdn Thanh va md rdng an toan eho can cfl Lai Khe dang xay dflng.
Thang 10-1965, dieh md cudc can ldn thfl hai vao dia ban Ben Cat n h i m muc tieu
"tim diet" lflc lfldng vu trang, pha hiiy can efl khang chie'n va lap tuye'n an ninh cho can efl Lai Khe. Cung trong thang 10-
1965, My va quan dpi Sai Gdn huy ddng ba tieu doan ed phi phao, xe tang yem trd can quet dai ngay vao vflng can efl Thuan An Hda eua huydn Lai Thieu. Thang 11-1965, mdt tieu doan quan My thudc Lfl doan dfl 173 do bp xud'ng Hieu Liem, hanh quan can quet khu vfle Sinh, Giang Hfldng...
Tfl khi My va qufin dpi Sai Gdn thflc hien chien lUdc "Chie'n t r a n h cue bd", hoat ddng giao due b Thu D i u Mdt va PhUdc Thanh d i l n ra trong d i l u kien het sflc gian khd, ac het. Trong thdi gian d i u dieh thuc hien chien Iflde "Chid'n t r a n h cue bd", cudng dp danh pha day dae, dong bao phai tan cfl ngfldc vao vflng dich kiem soat de tranh bom dan, boat ddng day hpc gap nhilu kho khan. 0 Be'n Cat, trong nhflng tran can d i u nam 1966, nhieu Idp hpe phai gian doan. Tuy nhien, tfl thfle te da'u tranh, din d i n ddng bao da tim r a bien phap cfi't nha, phan tan ra ddng, tao thd' hdp phap de tilp tuc duy tri diem trudng, 16p hpc. Mat khac ddng bao cung tich cflc dSii t r a n h vdi dich ddi trd v l lam rudng vfldn de sinh sdng. Vdi k h i u hieu: "dan bam da't, giao due bam dan, giao vien bam trfldng Idp", Tidu ban giao due cac dia phfldng da nhanh chdng phan tan cac diem trUdng theo dan ra ddng hoac ra vung dan tam dinh cU de duy tri day hpe. Hinh thflc Idp hpc cflng het sflc linh boat, Idp nao hoc 6 dia ban kin dao thi nhan dan lam h i m hao che chin; Idp nao hpe trong nha dan thay cd td chfle day vao nhflng luc giae khdng can, khi yen thi hpc, khi ddng thi nghi, ed Idp hpe to chfle trong cac lum eay, ed Idp hpc ban dem, Idp hoc ban ngay...
De cd the hoat dpng dfldc trong dilu kien chie'n tranh ngay cang ac Het, ta't ca cac thay cd giao va hpe sinh d i u dupe buin luyen phdng tranh bom phao va sfl can quet eua dieh. 0 cae xa An Dien, An Tay, Phii An, Long Nguyen dpi du kich xa edn to chflc bao ve cho thay cd giao va hpc sinh, bao ve trfldng Idp, saeh giao khoa. Cae thay giao cd giao da dflng vdi t r i n g ve len mai Idp hpc yeu e i u dich khdng dUpc b i n pha.
Dau nam 1966, trudng Van Chinh tuyln dupe g i n 100 hpe sinh la lanh dao xa, can
Xfty dtyng nen gi6o due dan tpc dan chd...
bd cac nganh doan the huyen Ben Cat.
Trong qua trinh hpc t^p, can bd, giao vien va hoc sinh d i u tham gia san xua't tU tfle nhu mUdn dfi't cua dan de trdng khoai lang, khoai mi, t r a n h thu ngay nghi hpc ho£ie ban dem hd trd nhan dan c i t lua, ca't giau lUdng thUc, tai san giflp ddng bao. Trfldng cap 2 LJ Tfl Trpng ciing tie'p tue tuyen sinh (khda 2) dupe 2 Idp (1 Idp 5 va 1 Idp 6) vdi 45 hpe sinh. Khda hpc nay dupe giang day ehfldng trinh Idp 5 va Idp 6 theo chfldng trinh giao due he 10 nam b m i l n Bac.
Vdi nhflng nd lUc eua dpi ngii can bd, giao vidn, Thii D i u Mdt trd thanh dia phfldng cd hoat ddng giao due ndi bat trong cae tinh Dong Nam Bd. Khi Tieu ban Giao due mien Nam lam bd phim tfl Heu "Phat triln giao due vflng giai phdng", Thii D i u Mpt da dupe ehpn lam ndi quay phim. Dpi quay phim cua m i l n ve dia phUdng lam viee 1 thang va da hoan ta't dfldc bd phim tfl lidu quy gia nay (hai can bd ciia Tieu ban Giao due mien Nam la Ly Van Minh (viet kich ban) va Thdp Hdng (ngfldi quay phim)) (14).
Nhflng thang cud'i nam 1966, Tilu ban Giao due ThCi D i u Mdt tiep tuc dfldc tang cfldng can bd va nhan vien. Den thang 10- 1966, tdng sd' can bp, giao vien va nhan vidn tieu ban khoang hdn 40 ngudi. Ong Vo Hoang Khanh dflpe Ban Tuyen hua'n dilu vl lam Phd t i l u ban. D l tranh bi danh pha, Tieu ban Giao due chuyen ve dflng ehan tai Hang Nfl - Thanh An (Diu Tie'ng). Tfl day, Tieu ban Giao due tinh tie'p tuc td chfle khda bdi dfldng sfl pham ca'p td'c cho giao vidn va can bd giao due. Mdi khda diln ra khoang 1 thang. Tham gia giang day cac khda nay la nhflng can bd, giao vien ed nhieu kinh nghiem. Can bd phu trach Tieu ban Giao di^e (Nguyin Thi Re, Vd Hoang Khanh, Ngd Long Vd...) cung tham gia
giang day va ehi dao khda hpc. Ben canh dd, mdt sd can bd edng tac tai Tilu ban Giao due Khu Trung Nam Bp dang di thuc td' b Thu D i u Mdt cung dupc mdi tham gia giang day, chii yeu la bdi dfldng ky nang sU pham cho hpe vidn.
Thang 12-1966, Tieu ban Giao due mien d l ra nhiem vu chung cho toan nganh la quan triet hdn nfla binh dan hpc vu la nhiem vu hang diu, ra sflc xay dflng va duy tri pheng trao binh dan hpc vu cd tinh chat q u i n ehung va thie't thflc phuc vu each mang de xda mu chfl va nang cao trinh dp van hda cho nhan dan, trude he't la cho can bd, dang vien, doan vien va nam nfl thanh nien cong ndng; ra sflc khdi phuc, eiing cd va phat triln he thd'ng trfldng Idp pho thdng. Tieu Ban Giao due miln cung d l ra ydu ciu tie'p tue gifl vflng phong trao xoa mfl chfl cho can bd, du kich, dang vien, tich cflc thfle hien bo tue van hda trong cac cd quan va Ifle lfldng vu trang.
Thflc hien ehu trfldng eiia Tieu ban Giao due mien, eac t h i y giao, cd giao b Thu Diu Mdt da nd lflc ehuyen hfldng, bam theo cae ed quan, cae ddn vi bd dpi, du kich de td chflc Idp hpe. Thdi gian nay, nhilu Idp hpc dfldc to ehflc ngay tai cdng sfl ehien dau. Cd luc dich danh 5 - 7 ngay lien tie'p, thiy trd tam lanh de'n cho an toan td chflc Idp hoc.
Cd budi hpe, Idp ehi eo 1 - 2 em thiy vin day binh thfldng.
Chien tranh ngay eang ac liet, boat ddng giao due eang trd nen khd khan ddng thdi do nhu ciu can bd tren cac mat cdng tac khang chie'n, Tinh iiy Thii Diu Mot chu trfldng van dpng tdng quan, rut sd can bp eae cd quan bd sung cho cac- ddn vi ehien da'u. Thflc hien ehii trfldng nay, Tieu ban Giao due tinh da dfla can bp, nhan vien tieu ban tham gia chie'n trfldng. Cudi nfim 1967, nhieu can bo, giao vien eda Tieu ban Giao
il
Rghien ciJru laeh sir, so S.2Q14 due da tham gia Tieu doan Phu Lpi, trfle
tiep chid'n da'u ngoai mat tran.
Trong thdi gian diln ra chien dieh tdng tie'n cdng va ndi day, phan ldn can bp, giao vidn eua Tieu ban Giao due tinh d i u trflc tiep xud'ng chid'n trfldng. O thdi diem nay, Tilu ban Giao due thfle sfl trd thanh mot
"binh ehiing" trong nganh tuyen hua'n, ngfldi can bd giao due - giao vien trd thanh ngUdi chie'n si c i m sung chid'n dau. Can bp, giao vidn Thu D i u Mot dupe hpc cac ky nang tiep dan, tai thfldng. t r u y i n tin, bao eao... Mpi thfl deu vd eflng mdi me va phfle tap ddi v6i nhflng giao vidn lau nay chi quen lam edng viee day hpc, chi bie't Idp hoc va hpc trd. Du vay, mpi ngfldi deu hang say luyen tap, mong dd'n ngay ra tran de dfldc trflc tie'p chie'n da'u, giai phdng que hfldng.
Bp phan cdn lai phan tan nho, chuyen v l cong tac b ckc huydn, hfldng chu yeu la khu vfle Binh My - Binh Cd (thude chie'n khu D) phan cdng nhau di day bd' tuc van hda cho cac ddn vi hoae xda mu chfl cho ddng bao dan tde thieu so' (15).
Tfl cud'i nam 1968, tren dia ban Phan khu 5 eung nhfl hai huydn Bd'n Cat, D i u Tieng (thudc Phan khu 1). dieh dung bom, phao va rai tham cha't dpe hoa hpe d ca vung ven, vflng trung tuyd'n, vung can cfl nham hd trp eho ehfldng trinh "binh dinh cip td'e", ddng thdi ngan ehan lflc lfldng vfl trang each mang ta'n cdng vao Sai Gdn.
Tie'p dd, thang 3-1969, dieh md ehien dich Nguyin Trai II d l "binh dinh cap td'c" vung ven Sai Gdn. O Lai Thidu. dich tap trung 2 tieu doan thude SU doan 1 bd binh My, 4 tilu doan thupc Su doan 5 nguy, 9 dai ddi bao an eung mdt sd' giang thuyin va cac doan binh dinh tap trung danh pha can quet gom dan cac xa An Sdn. An Thanh, Binh Nham (Lai Thieu), Xdm Gud'c, Ba Lua
(xa P h u CUdng); can quet dai ngay Chiin khu D, D i u Tieng, B i n Cat...
Thang 6-1969, P h a n khu uy Phan khu 5 td chfle Hdi nghi dai b i l u n h a n dan gdm dai dien cac nganh, eac gidi, cac doan t h i each mang. Hpi nghi b i u r a Uy ban nhan dan each mang P h a n khu gdm 9 ngUdi (cd 1 uy vien la nfl). Ban Thfldng trflc Uy ban nhan dan each mang P h a n khu 5 do dng Nguyin v a n Trung (Sau Trung) - Bi thfl Phan khu uy lam Chu tich. Cae dng Bui Khanh Ngfldn (Phan khu uy vien, Tham mflu trfldng Bp ehi huy Phan khu), Hoang Xich Thanh (Chu tich Mat t r a n Dan tpc giai phdng tinh Thii D i u Mdt) lam Phd Chii tich.
Ddi vdi cdng tae giao due, trong nam 1969, Phan khu da chi dao eiing ed' td chflc, tap hdp lflc Iflpng sau mdt thdi gian bi gian doan. GiQa nam 1969, Tieu ban Giao due phan khu dupe eiing cd'. Ong Nguyin XuSn Phong dupe efl lam TrUdng t i l u ban thay cho ba Nguyin Thi Re (do dflde phan cdng nhan cdng tae khae). Cac dng Nguyen Van Quyin, Nguyen Xuan Vinh lam Pho ban.
Mdt sd giao vien trUde day tham gia ehiln da'u dupc trd v l cdng tac tai tieu ban.
Nhiem vu cua Tieu ban Giao due luc nay la nd lUc khdi phuc phong trao giao due b cac dia phUdng, tiep tue td ehflc cac Idp xoa mii chfl va bd tflc van hda cho cae ddn vi va ddng bao, chuan bi lflc lfldng can bd, giao vien de khdi phue phong trao giao due khi ed dilu kidn.
Tuy nd Ifle lien tue, song boat dpng giao due tfl nam 1969 - 1971 gap ra't nhilu khd khan, gian doan. Viee md Idp, md trfldng hau nhfl khdng thfle hidn dfldc. Dd'n nam 1972, Tieu ban Giao due Thii Dau Mdt da ehii ddng tap hdp lflc lfldng va trd lai mat khu Long Nguyen (Ben Cat) bam ehan boat
Xfly dung nen giao dye dan tdc dan chO...
ddng. Cudi nam 1972, ong Nguyin Xuan Phong hy sinh, ba Nguyin Thi Re t i l p tue dflde cit lam Trudng t i l u ban. Vao thdi diem nky, dpi ngu can bd, giao vien tilu ban cd khoang 20 ngUdi. Trong dieu kien md trudng Idp gap n h i l u khd khan, Tieu ban Giao due tinh chuyen sang md cac Idp bdi dudng su pham sd cap vdi quy md nhd (sd lfldng chi vai ba chuc giao sinh), day theo tai Ueu cua Khu bien soan. Thdi gian bdi dudng dUdc r u t ngin, ehi tfl 1 den 2 thang, dia diem hpc thfldng la khu vflc dflng ehan ciia Tinh uy va eae ban nganh, c6 lflc lUdng vu trang bao ve. Cac Idp hpc dfldc "quan sfl hoa", nghi trang, cd h i m hao bao vp. ChUdng trinh hpc gdm mpt so ndi dung chinh nhU: n i n giao due each mang, am mflu eua dieh trong giao due, so tay ngfldi can bd giao due. Ddi vdi dd'i tupng la giao vien tieu hpc, giao vien vd long, ngoai cac ndi dung trdn cdn cd them eae bai ve nghiep vu sU pham. Bai trpng tam la "Cach dieu khiln mdt Idp hpc" (hfldng d i n each td chfle Idp, each xflng hd, lam sd dilm, tap doc, tap vilt, ky luat, trat tfl Idp hpc, vd sinh, van nghd, sinh hoat tap the, cho'ng ean...).
Sau Hidp dinh Paris, Thii Dau Mot la dia ban cdn t r a n h cha'p quye't liet gifla ta va dich, song da hinh thanh mdt sd ldm can cfl b Long Nguydn, cac xa Tay Nam Ben Cat (An Diln, An Tay, Phu An). Tan dung dieu kidn nay, Tieu ban Giao due tid'p tuc khdi phuc phong trao bo tue vkn hda va binh din hpe vy. Mdt so' can bd eiia Tieu ban Giao due dflpe cii ldn can efl Trung fldng cue (R) dfl I6p dao tao giao vien ca'p 2 d l chuan hi md Idp khi ed dilu kidn.
Thang 4-1973, Tilu ban Giao due da d l xua't va dfldc Tinh iiy cha'p thuan eho md trfldng ndi tru danh eho eon em can bd va ddng bao cae ldm giai phdng thay t h i cho
trfldng v a n Chinh da hi giai the. Thang 5- 1973. mdt ngoi trudng lam bang tranh tre dfldc dflng len b mat khu liong Nguydn.
Ngay trong thang 5-1975, Idp hpe d i u tien dfldc khai giang vdi 20 hpe sinh. Thay Bui Quang Dung lam Hidu trudng. Nha trudng ehi CO 3 giao vien nen Tinh uy eho phep sfl dung mdt sd' hpe sinh ldn tap huan sU pham rdi hudng dan cho cae em nho hpe tap. Nha trfldng cdn thanh lap ehi doan Thanh nien Lao ddng. Cac dang vien cua trfldng sinh hdat chung vdi chi bd Tilu ban Giao due tinh.
Ciing vdi viec md trudng npi tru. Tieu ban Giao due ect eae doan can bd giao due xud'ng cd sd bdi dUdng trflc tie'p eho giao vien theo kieu "luan hua'n", xong xa nay lai ehuyen sang xa khae. Vdi each td chfle linh boat, ed ddng dd, cdng tae giao due v i n dflpe duy tri d nhieu dia phfldng cd sd. dpi ngu giao vien dfldc bd sung va bdi dfldng thfldng xuyen. Hpc xong eac Idp bdi dfldng, giao vien dflpe phan cdng v l eae xa bam dan, md Idp; nd'u khdng md dfldc Idp thi eung phai bam ed sd. thflc hidn tuyen truyen van dpng q u i n chflng dau tranh ehd'ng dich pha hoai Hiep dinh Paris, chd'ng b i n phao hfla bai, ehd'ng b i t linh...
Ngay 6-1-1975 ehiln dich Dfldng 14 Phfldc Long gianh thing ldi; tiep do la chien t h i n g cua eac chie'n dich Tay Nguyen, H u l Da Ning. Bd Chinh tri k h i n g dinh: 'Thdi cd chien Ifldc da din, ta CO dieu kien hoan thanh sdm quyet tam giai phdng mien Nam"; tren ed sd do chi thi:
"Phai tap trung nhanh nha't lflc lfldng, binh khi, ky thuat va vat cha't giai phdng mien Nam trfldc mua mfla (trfldc thang 5-1975)".
Trdng ke hoach tien cdng Sai Gdn, danh tran quyet chien ehiln Ifldc, Dang bd va nhan dan Thii Dau Mdt cd ba nhiem vu chinh: phuc vu chie'n dau eho cac ddn vi chii
Rghien cuu Lich s&. so 8.2014 lflc tren hfldng B i c Sai Gdn; dfla lflc lUpng
true tid'p tham gia chien dieh ta'n cdng Sai Gdn; tfl giai phdng dja phfldng thed phfldng cham "xa giai phdng xa, huyen giai phong huyen, tinh giai phdng tinh".
Tfl d i u nam 1975. Tieu ban Giao due Thii D i u Mdt da phan cdng can bp tham gia phue vu cdng tae chi dao ehien trudng.
NhQng ngay thang 4-1975, boat dpng eua dpi ngu can bd, nhan vidn Tieu ban Giao due cang them sdi dpng: vfla lam cdng tae thdng tin tuyen truyen, cdng tae binh van;
vfla tieh cflc chuan hi cac mat cho viec tie'p quan vflng tam chiem. TrUa ngay 30-4- 1975, dpi ngu can bd, nhan vien Tieu ban Giao due da cd mat tai Thi xa Thu D i u Mdt d l thifc hien nhiem vu tid'p quan thi xa.
Hai mUdi mdt nam khang ehiln ehd'ng My (1954 - 1975) la hai mUdi md't nam nganh giao due Thu Dau Mdt vUpt qua thii thach khd khan, eha'p nhan hy sinh gian khd de hoan thanh moi nhiem vu ma Dang va nhan dan giao phd. Ndi bat trong hoat ddng giao due d Thii Dau Mdt thdi chd'ng
My la cdng tfic binh dan hpc vu va bd tuc van hda dUpc ca'p tinh, ca'p khu va ca'p miln ghi nhan, b i l u dUdng. Diln hinh rd net nhat la du cUdng dd chie'n t r a n h cao din ma'y, du tinh hinh ehien trUdng cang thing, ae lidt de'n ma'y thi giao due each mang d Thu Dau Mdt v i n tdn tai va ed thdi ky phat trien eao dp. Nganh giao due Thii D i u Mdt tu hao vi da gdp p h i n xflng dang vao thing ldi chung eua Dang bd va nhan dan toan tinh trong cudc khang chid'n ehd'ng My, eflu nflde.
Dpi ngu can bd, giao vien d Thu Dau Mdt nd lflc vfldt qua bao gian khd. hiem ngheo de xay dung nganh giao due each mang. NhQng t h a n h qua giao due trong hai eude khang ehiln tuy cdn nhd be nhflng da gdp p h i n k h a n g dinh ban linh cua ngflcJi chie'n si t r e n mat t r a n van hoa - giao due, k h i n g dinh ta'm long yeu nghe", tan tuy vdi nghe, ludn "chac tay phin, vQng tay siing", nhflng ngfldi lam cdng tac quan ly giao due va eae thay ed giao da hoan t h a n h xua't s i c nhiem vu vinh quang: vfla danh giae, vfla day hoc'
CHU THICH
(1), Theo ong Nguyen Xuan Vinh {Bay Vinh, nguyen Pho trUdng Tieu Ban giao due tinh Thii D^u Mot, chii tich Hoi Cuu giao chitc tinh Binh Dttdng): nSm 1954, cac thay giao 5 Thii Dau Mot tap ke't ra mien B i c la Huynh Van Ho, Vo T h a n h Liem, Nguyen Ba, Nguyen Minh Dflc, P h a m Van Trinh (nguyen trUcing Ty Giao due Thu Dau M6t), Huynh Thi Bong, NguySn Thi Hflu, Nguyen Khac Can; mot so thay giao dUdc to chiic s i p xep 6 lai phdi riit vao hoat dong bi mat la Vo Van Ddi (khi hoat dong bi m a t lay ten khac la Vo Minh Dflc), thay Didp Hoi (nguyen la Chii tich Uy ban Khang chie'n h a n h chinh huyen Lai Thieu 6 lai lam Bi thU huyen uy Ben Cat), P h a m VSn
Tiem, P h a m Van CUdng. Cac thay giao hy sinh trong k h a n g chien cho'ng P h a p la thay Le Van LUdng {xa C h a n h Hiep, Thi xa Thii Dau Mot, nay la phudng C h a n h Nghia T h a n h pho' Thu Dau Mot. hy sinh n a m 1945), thay TrUdng Van Gioi (xa An P h u h u y e n T h u a n An, nay la Thi xa T h u a n An, hy sinh n a m 1946), t h i y Hu^nh Van Mtrng (xa An Phii huyen ThuSn An, nay la Thi xa T h u a n An, hy sinh n a m 1946), thay Giao Sanh (Hai Sanh, xa An P h u , huy§n ThuSn An, nay la Thi xa T h u a n An, hy sinh nSm 1949), Theo bien bdn phong vdn ong NguySn Xudn Vinh (Bay Vinh), ngdy 24 thdng 6 ndm 2013), luu tai Trung t a m Nghien cflu P h a t tri^n TrUdng Dai hoc Thu
Xay dyng nen giao due dan t6e dan ehu...
Diu Mot.
(2). Theo 6ng Uk Vfin T h i n g , nguyen Truflng phong nghien cflu Lich sii Dang - Ban Tuyfin Giao Tinh iiy Binh DUdng, sau nam 1954, 8 Thii Dau Mot, trUcJng tU t h u c Dflc Tri vk trudng t u thuc Nguyen T r a i la ndi quy t u dUdc k h a nhieu giao vien yeu nudc vk cac thiiy co giao da tham gia k h a n g chien chong P h a p . Trudng Dflc Tri (con CO ten goi khac la t r u d n g Bo Dl), 1^ ndi day hoc va hoat dong cua cac t h a y co giao T r l n Van Hoanh, P h a n Thi Khe, HS Hao Hdn, Le Vo D i n . . . Thiy Ho Hao Hdn nguyen la can bg Ban Thdng tin Tuy§n t r u y e n k h u 8 va Vien Van hda Khang chig'n Nam Bo trong thdi k^ chong Phap, dfldc phan cong 6 lai miSn Nam, thay tiep tuc boat d6ng tai Ski Gon lam cdng tac vSn dpng t r i thflc vdi bi d a n h N g u y i n VSn Chieu. Hoat dong ban cflng khai, thay di day d cac trudng tfl thuc n h u ViSt Nam Hoc dudng, Chu Manh Trinh, N g u y i n Huf... 6 Sai Gon, Thii Dau Mot, My Tho, Go Cong... gSy a n h hfldng trong gidi hoc sinh b i y gid. Trfldng tfl t h u c Dflc Tri la ndi t h i y Hd Hao Hdn da den d^y va gay diing cd sd each mang, Trfldng N g u y i n T r a i cung la mgt ed sd each mang 6 tinh li. O day co cac t h a y giao Nguyen Van Do, Pham v a n T h a n h . Vu Van Hug, Hu^nh Van Cfldng, Ludng VSn Minh, T r l n Van Hoanh, Nguyen VSn L i e p h i n ldn la cac giao vien va can bg khang chig'n dflOc bo t r i d lai cong tac... Theo biin bdn phong vdn dng Hd Vdn Thang, ngdy 25 thdng 6 ndm 2013, lUu tai Trung t a m Nghien cflu Phat t r i l n Trfldng Dai hoc Thu D i u Mot.
(3). v a o thdi diem nay, Tan Uyen thuoc tinh Bien Hda. Le Hflu Phfldc (chii nhi§m), Lich si?
chinh quyin nhdn ddn tinh Binh Du<fng 1945 - 2005, de tai nghien cflu khoa hoc, Sd Khoa hoc Cflng ngh? tinh Binh Dfldng, 2009.
(4). N g u y i n Binh la Trung tfldng dau tien cua Qufin dpi n h a n dan Vi&t Nam, Khu bg trfldng Khu b^ 7 sau Cach mang t h a n g Tam 1945. Le Hflu Phfldc (chu nhi§m), Lich st? chinh quyen nhdn ddn tinh Binh Duang 1945 - 2005, sdd.
(5) Cac thay giao Le Minh ChitOng. Nguyen v a n Tiet... la nhflng giao vien khdi xUdng phong trao truyen ba chfl Qufic ngfl d Thii D i u Mot trade each mang thang Tam 1945 va la Idp dang vien d i u tien eiia Dang bg Thu D i u Mgt, trong do t h i y Nguyin Van Tiet da trd t h a n h Bi thfl Tinh uy dau tign cua Dang bo Thii Dau Mgt. Theo Lich sd Bdng bg tinh Binh Duong tap 1 (1930 - 1975), Nxb.
Chinh tri Quoc gia, 2003,
(6). Theo ba Nguyin Thi Re. nguyen Trudng Tieu Ban Giao due tinh Thii D i u Mgt (1962 - 1968, 1973 - 1974), trong nhflng nam 1957 - 1960, cd sd Dang, ed sd each mang d Thu D i u Mgt tan v6 hang loat, mgt so' huyfn khdng con chi bg cd sd nao tdn tai va hoat dgng. Phong trao each mang d Thii Dau Mgt ndi chung, boat dong giao due each mang tren dia ban tinh noi rieng, dflng trade thii thach khoe liet. Nhieu t h i y , cd giao d Thii D i u Mgt bi bat, tu day n h u N g u y i n Van Cfldng. Pham Van Tiep, Luu Van Chfl, Nguyin Van Minh, N g u y i n v a n Tam, Nguyen Van Lie, Nguyin Van Duong, Huynh Minh Baeh, Nguyin Vftn Liia, t h i y Di^p Hoi... ngfldi bi ket an tii hinh, ngudi bj day di Cdn Dao. Theo bien bdn phong vdn dng bd Nguyin Thi Re, ngdy 26 thdng 8 ndm 2013, lflu tai Trung tfim Nghien eflu Phat triln Trudng Dai hgc Thii D i u Mgt.
(7). d Thu D i u Mgt, dem 25-2-1960. ddng bao dong loat noi day d nhieu dia phUdng (Ben Cat de'n Chau Thanh, Tan Uyen, Lai Thieu,..) giai tan te ap, te xa, dot chdi canh, giai tan dan canh, lam ehu xa a'p. Qua ba dot ddng khdi diln ra Hen tue trong nam 1960, quan dan Thu Dau Mdt da lien tue tien cdng vao bg may kim kep cua dieh d cd sd, lam chu dUdc tren 40 a'p thuoc 25 xa (trong tong so' 46 xa cua tinh) va 10 lang cong nhan (trong tong so' 22 lang cdng nhan) 5 ddn dien eao su D i u Tieng. 6 mdt so' ndi, da xay dung du^c chinh quyen each mang theo hinh thflc ti^ quan.
Trong cao trao Ddng khdi, lflc lfldng each mang diet dUdc hdn 100 ten ac fln. giai tan duge hang ehuc bd may te xa, ti a'p; bflc rut, bflc hang va
7a R g h i e n ethi Ljch sJr. s o 8.2Q14
tieu diflt mdt so don bdt n i m sau trong v u n g nong thon. t h u hdn 300 sung cac loai va n h i l u q u a n trang, q u a n dung. Xem them Le Hflu Phudc (chii nhi§m), Lich si? chink quyin nhdn ddn tinh Binh Duang 1945 - 2005, sdd.
(8). Cong viec d a u tien eua Tieu ban Giao due mien Nam la t h a m mflu cho T r u n g Udng Cue m i l n Nam du t h a o dudng loi giao due m i l n Nam Viet Nam trong k h a n g chid'n chd'ng My. Dii t h a o dfldc b a n h a n h dfldi d a n g mgt thdng tfl cua T r u n g Udng Cue {s6' 44/TT, ngay 13/2/1963). Xem thfim Sa thdo 30 ndm gido due mien Nam 1945 - 1975, T r a n T h a n h Nam chu bien, Nxb. Giao due.
1995.
(9). Trudng Giao due Thang tam khai giang khoa I vao ngay 6-9-1963 vdi 107 hgc vien tii k h u VI trd vao. Cud'i thang 4-1964 khoa 1 va tiep tuc md khda II. Xem them Sa thdo 30 ndm gido due mien Nam 1945 - 1975, sdd.
(10). Dai hgi dai bieu Hdi n h a giao yeu nUdc mien Nam Viet Nam gdm 100 dai bieu tfl B i n Hai de'n Ca Mau t h a m dii. Ddng chi N g u y i n Van Linh • Bi thfl T r u n g fldng cue de'n dU. Dai hdi da thdng qua dieu le, h l u Ban Chap h a n h Trung Udng hdi gdm 39 iiy vien, giao sfl Le Van H u a n lam hgi trfldng, dng Le Thiet lam Td'ng t h u k^.
cac ong Dudng Van Dieu va T r a n T h a n h Nam la t h a n h vien Ban Thfldng vu hdi va la can bg thudng true xt£ Iy cdng viec h a n g ngay ciia hdi. Sa thdo 30 ndm gido due miin Nam 1945 - 1975, sdd,
(11). So' heu thd'ng ke. tfl tai lieu Lich si? ^ido due Binh DUcfng tU ddu the ky XX di'n 2003, Sd Giao due va Dao tao tinh Binh Dfldng, 2004,
(12). Bien ban phdng van ba N g u y i n Thi Re, i ^ u y g n trudng Tieu Ban giao due tinh Thii Dau Mgt (1962 - 1968 va 1972 - 1975) 26 t h a n g 8 nam 2013, lUu tai T r u n g t a m Nghien cflu P h a t tiiia Trudng Dai hoe Thu D a u Mot.
(13). T a i lieu cua Thac si N g u y i n Van Thuy.
Trfldng B a n q u a n ly Di tieh va d a n h t h i n g tinh Binh DUdng, sUu t a m tai h u y e n Ben Cat thang 8 n a m 2013 (nay la huy6n Bau Bang) phuc vu de tai Qud trinh phdt trien gido due cdch mang a Binh Diidng 1945 - 1975, Ti^n si N g u y i n Van Hiep chu nhiem. Trudng Dai hoc Thu D i u Mot, 2013.
(14). Bg phim tU lieu "Phat trien giao due vflng giai phdng" da quay tai mgt so' ndi cd phong trao giao due p h a t trien m a n h . 0 mien Ddng Nam Bd, Thu D i u Mgt va Long An la hai dia phUdng dfldc doan lam phim ve t h u t h a p tai li^u thuc te. Sau giai phong, bg phim da bi t h a t lac.
(15) Nam 1968, t r e n ehien trfldng Thu D i u Mot cd h a n g chuc giao vien va can bo giao due hy sinh nhfl: N g u y i n Van Can (Chin Cong - xa Tan Dinh, huy&n Ben Cat), Vo Van Chien (xa Phu An, huyen Ben Cat), N g u y i n Van Dilng (xa Tan Vinh Hiep, huyen Tan Uyen), T r l n Van Kha (huyen Dau Tieng), Vo Hoang K h a n h (Vo Van Ngo - xa Chanh Nghia, Thi xa Thu D i u Mgt), N g u y i n Van Long (Chin Long - huyen Vinh Ciiu, Ddng Nai), Tran Van Ngo (can bo mien B i c chi vifin), Nguyin Van Tan (can bd m i l n B i c chi vien). T r l n Van Tua'n (xa T h a n h Tuyen, huyen Dau Tieng), Nguyin Van Tudng (Sau Tfldng, xa Chanh Phii Hda, huySn Ben Cat),.. Thong ke (chfla day du) ciia Sd Giao due tinh Binh DUdng, nam 2003.
