KINH TE NGANH - DIA PHl/ONG
Nang cao nang life canh tranh cua cac doanh nghiep hoat dong trong nganh khai thac khoang san tai tinh Blnh Phir6c
Diroc tach ra tir tinh Song Be ydii tinh Binh Duong, khi ay Binh Phifdic con la mot vimg que ngheo gap nhieu hhb khan. Nhung 10 nam qua, nen kinh te cua Tinh da cq nhiing budc phat trien vuot bac. Cong nghiep phat trien ca ve quy mo lin sd lugng va chat luong. Dac biet trong nganh khai khoang, viec khai thac diln ra kha manh me de dap iing nhu cau trong va ngoai tinh, dac biet la sau khi Viet Nam gia nhap WTO. Tuy nhien v^n con mot so han che va kho khan ma cac doanh nghiep (DN) khai khoang dang m^c phai. Vi vay, cac cap, ban, nganh tinh Binh Phudic can chu trpng tcii nang luc canh tranh cua cac DN hoat dong trong linh vuc nay de cd the day manh tiem nang phat trien nganh khai thac khoang san cua Tinh.
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anh tranh la mot hien tupng phd bien trong tu nhien, xa hdi, kinh te' va ciing la hien tupng vdn cd cua kinh te thi trudng.Canh tranh eiia DN la mdt loai hlnh canh tranh trong kinh te. Trong qua trinh hpi nhdp kinh te quoc te, gia nhdp WTO, cac DN cdng phdi ddy manh ban nira kh6ng chi trong nude, ma cdn vuan ra khu vuc qudc te.
Viec ndng cao nang lire c;inh tranh ciia DN eung se trd thanh nhan td quan trpng trong vice thu but ddu tu, gianh Idy Ipi the e;uih tranh tren thi trudng. Dieu nay ddi hdi cac DN can phai nhan dang, nudi dudng va phat then cac ngudn lire, trong dd viec quim ly boat dong tai ehinh hieu qua, nang cao chat luong ngudn nhan lire, ddy m;rnh eong tac tiep thi san pham, day mimh nghien ciai c6ng nghe vdi mue tieu giam thieu ehi phi ddu vao va gia thanh siin pham.
Ly thuyet canh tranh ciia M.Porter (1980) eho rdng cac DN trong ciing mdt nganh cd tinh ddng nhdt cao ve ngudn lire va chien luoc kinh doanh hp sir dung. Trong khi ly thuyet canh tranh dua vao sir khac biet hda eiia Barney (1991) lai cho raim lai the e;mh tr;mh eiia mdt DN
trong ciing nganh lai rat de bi bdt chude. Qn'nh vl the, ly thuyet canh tranh dua vao ngudn lire eiia DN dang dupe nghien cim va img dung rat nhieu trong viec nghien ciru ve nang lire canh tranh eiia DN.
Ndng lire canh tranh ciia DN la kha nang duy tri va nang cao lpi the canh tranh trong viec sir dung hieu qua eac ngudn lire (tai lire, nhan lire, tri lire, cdng nghe), th6ng tin (noi bp nganh, san phdm, thi trudng, ddi thii canh tranh. ngudn lire) va eac mdi quan he (trong/ngoai DN, mang ludi cung cdp nguyen vat lieu, tieu thu
ThS. TRAN ANH QUANG Dai hoc Cong nghiep Tp.HCM san phdm, cac ddi tupng cd lien quan trong chudi eung irng, chudi gia tri gia tdng) nhdm dat lpi ich kinh te cao va ben vung. Nang lire canh tranh chiu tdc ddng eiia nhieu nhdn td ben trong nhu td chiic qudn ly, trinh dp cdng nghe, lao ddng va ben ngoai DN nhu thi trudng, the che' ehinh sach, ket eau ha tdng. Khi nghien ciru nang lire canh tranh, chiing ta can phai xet DN trong dieu kien, bdi canh phdt triein eiia timg khu vue, tai timg thdi ky cu the.
Cac yeu td tac ddng tdi nang lire canh tranh ciia DN trong nganh khai thac khoang san
Cdc yeu td tac ddng tdi nang luc canh tranh ciia DN ed the chia ra lam 2 loai, ben trong va ben ngoai. DN trudc tien .se xac dinh va tlm ra diem miinh eung nhu su khdc biet ciia minh de tap trung ddu tu. Theo Hall (1993), nang lire canh tranh ben vung eiia DN ehinh la ke't qua eiia viec sd bun nhiing Ipi the khdc biet.
Kinh te v a Dtf bao So 2/2010 39
KINH TE NGANH - DIA PHaONG
Trong khi dd, Rangone (1999) lai cho rang, ket qua kinh doanh, mire dp thanh cdng eua DN lai phu thupc
\'ao kha ndng sang tao, ndng luc san xudt va kha nang tham nhap thi trudng. Trong khi chien lupc canh tranh cd the se theo nhieu hudng, bode tap tmng vdo gid, hoac chat lupng san phdm, hoac dich vu...
Diing thang diem 5 de' danh gia ddi \'di mdi yeu td tren cho eac DN trong ITnh NUC khai thac khoang san tai tinh Blnh Phude, vdi 5 Id rat quan trpng va 1 Id hoan toan khdng quan trong. La'y gia tri trung blnh ciia cac diem sd de so sanh ddng thai tie'n hanh phdng vdn true tiep va thu thdp sd lieu tir 19 DN boat ddng trong ITnh sue khai thac khoang siin tai tinh Blnh Phude.
Cac yeu to ben trong anh hudng tdi nang luc canh tranh eiia eac DN khai thac khoang san tai Blnh Phude chii yeu la: Ndng lire cdi Idi eiia DN (4.025 diem) gdm cd: Gia tri DN. ngudn lire trong DN, dpi ngu lanh dao/dieu hanh ed tdm nhln vd trinh dp chuyen mdn, c6ng nghe/may mdc/thiet bi.
Ndng life ve Marketing (3.935 die'm) gdm ed: Kien thiic eiia DN ve thi trudng, mang ludi/mdi quan he vdi khach hang, mdi quan he tdt vdi ehinh quyen dia phuang, sir ndi tieng eiia DN/ ed thuong hieu, chdt lupng SP cung cdp dpc dao, ehinh sach gia tdt/linh dong trong gia ca/nhieu mire gid hpp ly, he thdng kenh phan phdi tot. khuyen mai/tham gia Hdi ehp/quang cao/PR/event, dap i'mg dupe yeu cdu/ddi hdi ciia kbdeh hang;
Khd ndng thich i'mg vd ddi mdi (3.29 die'm) gdm cd: irng dung CNTT, ddi mdi lien tue. thich iing nhanh.
Ben canh dd. cae yeu to ben ngoai eung anh hudng quan trpng khdng kem dd la: Qn'nh sach (4.7 diem) gdm cd: Hd trp/uu dai eiia cdc chinh sach/thue tir Chinh phii/dia phuang va tha)' ddi \'e lai suat ngdn
hang trong viec vay tin dung mua may mdc/thiet bi.
Yeu to canh tranh (3.6 diem) vdi sir anh hudng tir sir tham nhap ciia ddi thii canh tranh.
Yell td ddu vdo (3.7 diem) gdm cd: anh hudng tir nhung sdn phdm thay the, anh hudng tir ngudn cung lao ddng cd tay nghe trong ngdnh, can kiet ngudn khai thac vd anh hudng bdi gia ea thi trudng/ngudn nguyen vat lieu ddu vao.
Thanh todn (3.9 diem) vdi thdi gian/kha nang thanh todn eiia khach hang va thai gian/kha ndng thanh toan ciia ddi tac ldn.
Cd the thd'y rd. eac DN boat ddng trong nganh khai khoang deu xem vdn la yeu td quan trpng nhdt trong viec sdn xudt kinh doanh. Nang lire ciing nhu tdm nhln ciia ngudi lanh dao trong cdng ty la ddng lire thiic ddy viec nang cao hieu qua san xudt.
Day la yeu td chinh cdn tap trung de nang cao nang lire canh tranh cua DN.
Cdng tdc Marketing trong DN vdn chua dupe chii trpng nhieu, cac DN da nhdn thiic dupe viec tap tmng dua ra nhung san phdm tdt se la dieu kien tien quyet de canh tranh.
Cdc DN ddng y rdng, nang luc cd't loi va marketing se la nhirng yeu td ehinh thue day ndng cao nang lire canh tranh eiia DN.
VI nhu eau eiia thi trudng dang cao, hon nua ngudn eung lai chua ddp ling dii, Blnh Phude dang trong giai doan phat trien co sd ha tdng va nhu cdu xay dung dudng xa, cdu cdng rat nhieu, ehinh vl the' ma cae DN vdn chua quan tdm nhieu den ke' hoach phat trien lau dai va vuon ra ngoai tinh. Hon nira, dac diem khach hang ciia mat hang dd xay dung Id nhirng khach hang vdi sd luong tieu thu rat ldn phuc vu eho viec xdy dung cdu, dudng va lam vat lieu xay dung la chii yeu. VI the, san lupng khai thac da xdy dung ciing chinh la san lupng tieu thu vl cae DN nha
nude thi khai thac theo san lupng cdp tren dua xudng. eac DN tu nhdn khai thac theo siin lupng dat hang.
Hd trp tir dia phuang eung tao dong luc cho viec phat trien va canh tranh. ddi hdi cdn cd sir quan tam ban nira ciia chinh quyen dia phuang trong viec hd trp eac DN trong dieu kien canh tranh gay gdt, nhdt la vdn de vay vdn mua may mdc. Hien cae DN boat ddng trong ITnh vuc khai khodng chii ddng rd't cao trong vdn de vdn, vdi sd vdn tu cd tren 50%
trong tdng vdn kinh doanh.
Anh hudng tir lire lupng lao ddng ben ngoai chua ed tac ddng nhieu tdi san xudt kinh doanh eiia DN. Cae DN SMEs vdn cdn yeu trong viec irng dung/khai thac cdng nghe.
Viec khai khac trong ede nam tdi eung cdn luu y khi ngudn tai nguyen ddn can kiet.
Mdt sd giai phap de nang cao nang lire canh tranh ciia DN khai khoang
Trong ITnh vuc dao tao, trudc tien, cac DN cdn tap trung vdo nang luc cd't loi eiia minh. Ddy la nhiing diem manh tao nen sir khac biet giiia cae DN. Cu the la tap trung nang cao trinh dp ciia dpi ngu nhan vien trong cdng ty. Md cae khda hpc chuyen mdn ve khai thac md dia chat, giri nhdn vien tham gia cae khda dao tao chuyen sdu.
Cdn bd lanh dao tham gia va hpc hdi kinh nghiem tir nhirng hdi thao ed lien quan nhdm nang cao nhan thue ciing nhu hieu biet them ve nganh.
Tie'p dd can tap trung vao cdng tac marketing, tlm kiem thi trudng, nang cao chat lupng sdn phdm. Ngan hang cdn hd trp thii tue vay vdn nhanh chdng, tao dieu kien thuan lpi vay vdn trong qua trinh mua may mdc/thiet hi khai thac. Ben canh dd, van de lien ket giiia cac DN trong ngdnh eung duoc dat ra khi ed nhu eau. G
So 2/2010
40 Kinh te va UU bao
