KHOA H O C - C 6 N G N G H |
Cac giai phap dong bo giam ijn tac giao thong tai Ha
• TS. L* HUY T U A N - Viin Chiin lugc vd Phdt trien Giao thdng van tdi
T 6 M T A T : Hign tuong UTGT tai cac thanh pho Idn 6 Viet Nam hign nay dang la van de ndi cdm, gay khd khan cho vigc di lai cda ngudi dan va su phat tnen cda do thj, I n h hudng den phat trien kinh te.
Sau khi neu su c i n thiet nghien cuu, phan tich, danh gia hign trang giao thdng do thj tai Ha Npi va cac gili phap da dupc de xuat, thuc hign v i nguyen nhan, bai b i o de xuat cac giii phap dong bd n h i m gill quyet UTGT tgi Ha Ndi den nam 2025, djnh hudng den n i m 2 0 3 0 .
TL/ K H O A : Gili phap dong bd, un t i c giao thong, giao thdng do th| Ha Ndi-
ABSTRACT: The situation of traffic jams in large cities of Vietnam is now the dominant issue, making it difficult for the movement of people and the development of urban centers, affecting economic development in Vietnam. After stating the need to study and analyze the situation of traffic congestion in recent years in Hanoi, Vietnam and the solution has been applied, the paper proposes some feasible solutions to overcome traffic jams some big cities in Vietnam in general, in Hanoi special in the period of urbanization, motonzation i growing, which can lead to an explosion in personal cars approaching in Hanoi city when deeper integration into the world economy in the coming years (2025-2030).
KEYWORDS: Synchronization solution. Traffic congestion, Urban Transport in Hanoi.
I.DATVANE)£
Trong q u i trtnh p h i t t r i l n GTVT d t i t c l eie nudc, phuong tidn giao thdng c i n h i n (sau d i y ggi l i phuong tign e i n h i n - PTCN) cd vai trd quan trgng trong di lai, bdi vi nd g i l i q u y l t mdt trong d c nhu d u thidt y l u cua eon ngudi v i cd vai trd nhat dinh trong mdi thdi ky: Vai trd ehfnh y l u , chia sd thj p h i n hole ho tro v i n t i i edng cdng (VTCC). Ddi vdi Thii dd H i Ndi, PTCN dugc quan t i m d i u tu, khai t h i c sU dyng trong giai doan VTCC ehua p h i t t r i l n mgnh do xe buyt chi d i p Ung dugc dudi 10% nhu d u di Igi, mgi ngudi p h l i t u lo viec di lat ciia b i n t h i n khi v i n t i i h i n h khich cdng edng (VTHKCC) ehua d i p Ung.
NhCfng n i m qua, PTCN p h i t t n l n manh d h i u h i t d c dd thj Idn, biing nd d H I Ndi, TP. Hd Chi Minh g i y ra c i c
v i n dd bUc xiic nhU iin t i c , TNGT, d n h i l m mdi truimg, g i y thidt hgi cho kinh te do thj (-01 - 02% GDP) v l Inh hudng ichdng nhd ddn sUc khde eCia c u d l n . Hidn H I N$l cdn 34 d i l m iin t i c , khdng cdn un t i c kdo d l i (so vdi 124 d i l m n i m 2009) da cd budc t i l n vUgt b i c . Vd TNGT, nim 2016 d l g i l m nhieu d c l 3 ttdu ehi ve sd vy, sd ngydi chet, sd ngudi bj thuong so vdi n i m 2015. d e n u d e d ! dd x u i t n h i l u g i l i p h i p dan Id, ddng b$ n h i m hgn chl UTGT v l h i u h i t da t h i n h cdng nhung d H I Ndi, vile d l xuat d c g i l i p h i p ddng bd chUa duge nghidn cUu ed h$
thdng, theo nhieu hUdng tidp c i n k h i c nhau. Vi t h l , v i ^ n g h i i n cUu, di xuat d c g i l i p h i p ddng b$ n h i m gill quyet UTGT dd thj cd tfnh thdi sy r i t d n thidt trong giai dogn hdi n h i p s l u rdng v i o WTTO v i dd thj hda mgnh mg hien nay d nude ta.
2. HI£N TRANG UTGTTAI HA NOI
2 . 1 . k h i i nidm cd b i n l i l n quan d i n p h i t t r i l n VTCC k i ^ m s o i t PTCN
Phuang t i l n VTCC duge h i l u l i phuong ti§n khdi lugng Idn nhuxe buyt, bu^t nhanh (BRT), phUOng ti$n b i n h s i t (nhe, n|ng; di trdn m i t d i t , di n g l m - t i u diin n g l m , trdn eao). Phit t r i l n phuong tien VTCC t l d i u tU khai t h i c PTVT khdt tugng ldn. Phuong t i l n c l nhin gdm: Xe d td con d n h i n , xe md td, xe m i y c l nhin (ggi ehung I I xe miy); xe dgp m i y , xe dap di$n, xe dgp (khdng kinh doanh v i n t i i ) . K i l m s o i t PTCN gdm: Quin ly v l td chUe giao thdng; q u i n ly v l ky t h u | t , quin ty v l h i n h chfnh; q u i n ly v l kinh t l ; q u i n ly v l chiln luge, quy hoach, chfnh s i c h l p h l t t r i l n . . . Tidu chi, chl tidu v l p h i t t r i l n VTCC gdm p h i t t r i l n v l sd tugng nhu ludng t u y i n van t i l (sd lugng, chidu d l i , m i t d^...]; sd lugng phuong tidn, s i n lugng v i n t i i , sd doanh nghidp tham gia, k i t ndi giUa cie loai phuang ti^n, phuong thUc v|n t i i ; chfnh sich v i n t i l v i n i n g eao c h i t lugng nhu an t o i n , tidn nghi, t h o i l m l i , g i l m gian cich chay xe, gil cudc... Tidu chf, ehi tidu v l q u i n 1^ PTCN gdm cAc tilu chf, chi t i l u vd m i t t d chUe, q u i n ly giao thdng; ky t h u i t h i n h chfnh - kinh t l ; chfnh sich hgn c h l / k h u y i n khfch p h i t t r i l n v l tidu chf, chl tidu lidn quan d i n c h i l n luge, quy hoach, ehfnh sich p h i t t r i l n .
Co e l u di lai hidn nay dTR H I Ndi (2016): Xe b u ^ 8,6%; taxi 2,0%; PTCN ~ 70%, edn lai l i d c togi phUOng tidn khic. Gill p h i p dan v l q u i n iy- PTCN l i g i l i phip rilng Id v l q u i n 1^ mdt m i t , mdt khfa cgnh n i o dd d m ^ t qude gia, m^t viing I l n h thd, mdt dd thj (thinh phd) dugc dUa ra n h i m k i l m soit, hgn c h l , hUdng d i n chO xe, ngudi sUdung PTCN trong d i n g ky, khai t h i c sUdyng thugc pham vi q u i n ly ciia hg. Gili p h i p ddng bd vd phit trien VTCC, kiem s o i t PTCN l i sy k i t hgp glOa m^t sd/tit e l g i l i p h i p don, theo d e tidu chf, chi tfdu n h i t dinh
K H O A H O C - C d N G N G H f — nhu thdi gian, khdng gian; ddi tugng q u i n ly, ddi tugng
bj q u i n ly v l d c ndi dung cu the cua g i l i p h i p n h i m dat dugc muc tidu, kdt q u i n h i t djnh do chu the q u i n ly d i t ra. Trong Unh vuc kiem soit PTCN, g i l i p h i p ddng bd cd t h l dugc thuc hidn theo nhidu d c h khic nhau nhu;
I) Ddng bd ba y l u td trong he thdng GTVT dd thj: Ngucri
! l i , phuong tten, k i t e l u hg t i n g (KCKT) giao thdng dd thj (GTDT) va k i t hgp 0 2 - 3 ydu td trdn vi/hoac vdi y l u td khic; ii) ddng bd d c yeu td trong ciing mdt phuong thUc v i n t i l (trong dd thj/ngoai dd thj) giUa d c hd thdng dudng (dudng phd, dudng ngoai dd thi...), giCfa cau v l dudng, giUa dudng phd, hd va h i n h lang an t o i n , gtUa giao thdng ddng v l giao thdng tTnh; giUa KCHT giao thdng v l phuong ttdn giao thdng...; iii) ddng bd giCfa d c phuong thUe v i n tai {dudng bd, dudng sit...) ve nang iyc, t i i trgng, tinh khdng, khd gidi han trdn mdt t u y i n dddng, dogn t u y i n hole t o l n mang... Ddng b d v l t h d i gian v l khdng gian trong x i y dung, khai t h i e KCHTGT, kinh doanh van t i l , p h i t t r i l n ngudn n h i n luc v l q u i n ly khai t h i c PTCN...; phdi hop (ddng bd) giOfa cic ddi tugng q u i n ly: Chfnh phii, Bd GTVT, Tdng cue DBVN, sd GTVT... gida c i c ddi tugng bi q u i n ly theo d i e diem cita GTDT d i e thil nhu khu phd cd, phd cu, phd mdi, phd mdi phit t r i l n , khu ndng thdn v l khu ndng thdn m i l n nui.
Trong b i i v l l t niy, ehiing tdi lya chgn sy ddng bd gida cJc tidu chf, chl t i l u sao cho phu hgp vdi ci^a timg logi khu GTDT mang tfnh d i e thii eiia Thii dd H i Ndi.
2.2. CIc g i l i p h i p tfl thUc hidn tai Ha Ndi NhUng n i m qua, TR H I Ndi d l I p dung nhieu g i l i phip, bidn p h i p don/ddng bd (d mUc thip) n h i m muc t i l u han c h l , g i l m Un tic, TNGT, d nhidm mdi trudng dd thj gdm d c bi§n p h i p , g i i i p h i p d l x u i t tgi cie cdng trinh nghidn eUu nhU:
- Xiy dyng, l i p dat h i thdng b i o h i l u , d i n d i l u khiln giao thdng d l dieu t i l t giao thdng, n h i t I I tai nut giao, tuydn, khu vyc un t i c kdt hgp vdi hudng d i n , d i l u t i l t cda lyc lygng chUe n i n g (einh sit,TTGT v i tyc lygng hd trg khic); t h i n h l i p d c trung t i m d i l u khien giao thdng, trung tam q u i n ly va d i l u h i n h VTHKCC dd thi...;
- L i p quy hoach p h i t t r i l n b i n vUng GTVT dd thi (HAIDER VITRANSS, VITRANSS 2); x i y dyng, d l tao d c nut giao; x i y l i p e l u vygt eho ngudi di bd, cho phuang ti$n giao thdng co gidi;
- Nghiin eUu q u i n ly nhu elu GTVT; khdng cho xe xfch Id hoat ddng (trU xfch td phuc vu khieh du tjch);
p h i t t r i l n VTHKCC dd thj, trudc h i t l i xe buyt, buyt nhanh - BRT; l i p d i t camera tai nut giao n h i m d i l u t i l t giao thdng; bd trf Idch gid lam vide ciia cO quan, t d chUe, doanh nghigp, trUdng hgc; sU dyng t h i l t bi g i l m sit h i n h trinh, GPS, hg thdng giao thdng thdng minh (ITS)...
- Han c h l d i n g ky phuong tien c i n h i n nhu md td, xe m i y d c i c q u i n ndi t h i n h (da huy bd); thf diem l i p tuyin phd di bd, sUdung xe dign chay phye vy khich du ljch d mdt sd khu vUc.
- Di x u i t quy djnh nidn han sif dung cda xe md td, xe miy, xe d t d con e i n h i n (chua thuc hign) n h i m b i o d i m an t o l n ; dieu t i l t giao thdng theo gid, tuydn, khu vyc n h i m g i l m UTGT.
- Thu phf UTGT (chifii thyc hidn); q u i n ly dd xe d khu vyc nd' t h i n h .
- Phin l i n , p h i n ludng, quy djnh gid hoat ddng ciia mdt sd loai xe d khu vye ndi t h i n h ; d m xe taxi, xe t i i hogt ddng tren mgt sd tuydn dudng trong mdt sd gid.
So 3/2017
trdn mdt sd dogn dudng phd; e l m xe m i y hogt ddng tren mgt sd dddng, d u ; chuyin eic ben xe d t d k h i c h ra n g o i i vanh dai 3; ehuyin mdt sd ehuyin t i u hda ( t i u hang) tai ga dUdng s i t trung t i m ra ngogi vi t h i n h phd;
- Trien khai x i y dung KCHT GTDT khdi lUgng ldn trdn mdt sd t u y i n nhu BRT, dudng s i t dd thi (dang x i y d y n g 2 t u y l n ) . . .
Mdt sd giai p h i p , bidn phap, d l xuat v l d c ndi dung ndu tren d l dugc I p dung, dua v i o t r i l n khai thyc hidn va dat dugc k i t q u i k h i quan. Hidn H i Ndi cd k h o i n g 7 tridu phucmg tign, gdm trgn 600 nghin d td; 5,2 tridu xe m i y , 1 trieu xe dgp, khoing 120 nghin xe dap dign.
Tuy nhign, mdt sd bign p h i p , g i l i p h i p da de x u i t n h i m g i l m un t i c chua cd tfnh k h i thi cao, mdt sd khic g i p khd k h i n khi t r i l n khai thUe hign do hgn c h l v l ngudn luc (tai chinh, t i i lyc, vat l y c . ) hole vi eic ly do chu quan, khich quan k h i c
2.3. Nguyen n h i n chu yeu g i y UTGT KCHTGT cdn ydu kdm, t h i l u quy dat d i n h eho giao thdng, n h i l u cdng trinh x i y dyng Idn khdng ddng bg (thilu sidu thi, bdnh vidn, trudng hge, noi do xe d khu vye); sy t i n g nhanh cda PTCN v l VTCC cdn yeu kdm, ehua cd phuang tten b i n h sit; td chUe giao thdng edn nhieu b i t cap; tap trung n h i l u CO quan, trudng, chg... d trung t i m , y thUe ngudi tham gia giao thdng t h i p ; v i n hda giao thdng bude d i u dugc hinh t h i n h .
3. cAc GiAi PHAP O 6 N G BO oi XUAT AP DUNG CHO HA NOI
3.1. Phin chia khu GTDT
Khdng phy thudc v i o dja gidi h i n h chfnh hidn h i n h , vigc p h i n ehia khu GTDT d H I Ndi phuc vu muc tidu g i l m iin t i e duge tidn h i n h nhusau:
H i Ndi duge p h i n ehia t h i n h 8 togi khu giao thdng:
Khu phd ed, khu phd eu, khu phd mdi, khu phd mdi p h i t t r i l n , khu g i i p khu phd mdi, khu thi t r i n , khu ndng thdn v i khu ndng thdn dang p h i t t r i l n (miln nOI). Di g i l m mUe do phUe tap, trong b l i v l l t de x u i t chl sU dyng 6 logi khu do gdp khu mdi p h i t t r i l n vdi khu phd mdi v l gdp khu g i i p khu phd mdi vdi khu ndng thdn. Cin cU v i o 6 ttdu ehf trdn, H I Ndi khdng p h l i cd 31 dOn yj (13 quan ndi t h i n h , mdt thi x l v i 17 huydn) m l cd n h i l u khu giao thdng hon vdi nhiftig tuydn dudng phd k i t ndt d c khu vdi nhau. Chinh sich p h i t t r i l n VTCC (diy), k i l m soit PTCN (keo) can dugc nghidn cUu thdm, vf du d khu giao thdng phd ed d n lap t u y i n phd di bd; loai xe bu<^
di qua ch! sUdung loai xe nhd/trung binh...). Sd lugng khu giao thdng theo quan d i l m ddng bd c i n dugc x i c dinh khi nghien cUu cu t h l v l dugc quyet dinh dUa t r i n 577 don vi d p x l nhUng khdng phu thudc v i o dja gidi h i n h chfnh.
3 J2. CIc g i l i p h i p ddng bd
- Gidi phdp td chdc, qudn ly giao thdng: Gdm td chUc q u i n ly GTDT nhU p h i n l i n , p h i n ludng, td chUc giao thdng trdn dudng phd v l tai nut giao; quy djnh ludng t u y i n , pham vi, thdi gian hoat ddng eiia mdt sd loai xe tren t u y i n , doan tuyen; hgn c h l lUu thdng t r i n mdt sd tuyen, doan t u y i n ; lap, md rdng khu vyc di bg, t u y i n phd di bg mdt sd ngay trong t u i n ; quy djnh d i l m gUi, dd PTCN d l h i n h khich di t i l p b i n g phuong t i l n VTCC.
Gili p h i p v l t d chUc q u i n ly giao thdng gdm nhCfng chi tieu nhu: 0 1 l i p khu vyc di bd, t u y i n phd di bd; cd quy djnh v l p h i n l i n , p h i n ludng, td chUe giao
103
K H O A H p c - C G N G NGHE
thdng tren dudng, tgi nut giao; cd quy dinh ludng tuyen, phgm vi, gid hogt ddng ciia mdt sd logi xe trdn tuyen, mdt sd doan t u y i n ; d m , hgn che lUu thdng trdn mdt sd t u y i n , doan t u y i n ; d l quy ^ n h diem giri, do PTCN de h i n h khieh di tidp b i n g phuang tidn VTCC; cd trung tam didu h i n h VTCC dang hogt ddng n h i m kiem s o i t dieu t i l t giao thdng; xif phat hanh vi vi pham hanh chiT)h (Bdng 3.1).
Bing 3.1. Oc chl tiiu ve tichuc, quin ly giao ttiong TT
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- Gidi phdp hdnh chfnh - kinh ( e ; 0 l n g ky PTCN/ d i n g ky PTCN cd d i l u kidn; hgn c h l sU dung hole luu thdng cddieu kidn n h u d l u t h i u q u y i n sUdyng xe; hgn c h l siif dung PTCN tU v i n h dai 3 t r d v i o ; thu phf vlo/ra thinh phd; thu phf ra, v i o khu vyc trung t i m , khu vyc hgn c h l lUu thdng; thu phf dUdng eao tdc dd thj; t h u i , phf ddi vdi PTCN; phi. Id phf v i o dUdng, phd e l m (cd thdi han sijf dung); phf luu h i n h xesieu trUdng, sigu trgng, t h i l t bi thi cdng cdng trinh...
Gidi phdp vi hdnh chinh - kinh ti gdm nhUng chi tidu nhU: Dang ky PTCN; e l m theo gid hole hgn c h l luu thdng b i n g d c h thu phf un t i c ; t i n g t h u i tidu thy d|c bidt ddi vdi PTCN (nguyin chile, phu tiing); thu phf giao thdng qua xang d a u / d l u xe (ddi vdi xe m i y da huy bd);
t i n g g i l m t h u i x u i t nhap khau ( d i n 2018), t h u i t i l u thy d i e biet ddi vdi PTCN; t i n g g i l m le phf chuyin quyin sir dyng PTCN; midn g i l m tien thu sUdung d i t , t h u l c h u ^ n q u y i n sU dung dat ddi vdi doanh nghidp VTHKCC (dUgc Uu tien, Uu dli) v i doanh n g h i i p sU dung phuang ti^n chay didn, n i n g lugng sgch (LPG, CNG, E5...), khai thic sCf dungDSDTfedng3.3J.
Bing 3.3. Cic chl tiiu ve hinh chlnh - kinh ti
Ghi chii V li dang thijc hi^- chua: li chua thuc hi^n - 6/d/ phdp ky thudt gom: He thdng b i o hidu, ddn didu khiln giao thdng; quy djnh tidu chuln an t o l n ky thu$t v i b i o ve mdi trudng (ATKT v i BVMT), gdm nien hgn ddi vdi xe d t d con, xe m i y ; quy djnh ndng do khi x l , t i l n g dn); l i p d i t thiet bj trdn xe (gilm s i t h i n h trinh, GPS), trdn khu vyc v l tgi nut giao (camera). Gidi phdp vi ky thudt gdm nhifng chl tidu nhu: Cd he thdng b i o higu trgn t u y i n , dgn dieu khiln giao thdng; thiet bi t r i n PTCN (xe eon); quy dinh v l t i l u chuan ATKT v i BVMT;
ed t h i l t bj k i l m soit giao thdng tgi nut giao; dat tidu chuln ATKT v l BVMT gdm e l ndng do khf x i , mUc t i l n g dn dat t i l u ehuan tuong duang EURO 3,4 hole 5 (theo timg giai doan); t u i n thu quy dinh v l nidn han sUdyng xe (Bdng 3.2).
Bing 3.2. Cic chl tiiu vS tiiu chuin kp tiiuit TT
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V I c h i l n lugc, quy hogch ed eic chl tidu: Cd quin ly v l chiln luae, quy hogch p h i t t r i l n GTDT; cic tuyin hudng t i m , dudng v i n h dai, d u qua sdng, elu cgn; t) Id d i t d i n h cho giao thdng; ty Id ddng gdp eiia d e logi phuang tien (trong tdng nhu d u di lai); ty l§ d i u tU xiy
KHOA H O C - C d N G N G H l - dyng k i t c i u ha t i n g GTDT phye vy VTHKCC khdi lugng Idn; g i l i p h i p , chinh sich v i td chUc thye hien (Bdng3.4).
Bing 3.4. Clii phip ve chiin lugc. quy hoach
So 3/2017
Bing 3.5. Cac chl tieu ve chinh sich
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Chl ti«u Co quan 1;^ v4 chign luoc. quy hoach phat tri^n GTOT Cd c i c dudng hudng tam (tfuc chinh. phu), vanh dai, c i u Ty le dSx danh cho GT (ddng + GT tinh)/Di$n tich dat do thj Ty 1? ddng gdp cua VTHKCC khfii ldn (OSOT.
metro)
Ty le ddng gdp ciia PTCN so vdt tfing nhu cau di 1^1 Ty 1^ ddng gdp cua xe buyt
Hudng Idi phat tnen VTCC tap trung vio dau mdi GT-TOD
Mure dem
V
/
V V
/
J J
Mdc d.bd
SP,
SP,
SPj
SP,
SP^
SP,
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Phdt triin VTHKCC: Hidn 2 t u y i n DSDT dang dugc dau t u xay dyng nhung thi cdng edn c h i m . Can d i y nhanh tien do thi cdng d l sdm dUa v i o khai t h i c ; tidp tyc xiy dyrig d e tuyen DSDT khac theo quy hoach d l duoc phd duygt; h o i n thign mang tudi t u y i n xe buyt (92 tuydn vdi trdn 1.200 xe hogt dgng), l i p mgt sd t u y i n buyt tdc h i n h (chi dUng d d c diem chfnh); Ung dung cdng nghe thdng tin trong q u i n ly d i l u h i n h ; x i y dung them cic diem trung ehuyen, diem dimg do, d i u cudi;
I p dyng ve dien tU lien thdng (tich hgp).
Kiem sodt sddung PTCN: Chii yeu thdng qua cic bi|n p h i p kinh t l nhu thud, phf; k i l m soat PTCN ra v i o m^t 50 khu vuc trung t i m ttidng qua phf ra vao trung t i m , phf do xe, gUi xe tai v i n h dai 2, 3 v l di tiep b i n g phuong tign VTCC; h o i n thign xay dyng he thdng giao thdng tinh cho PTCN; thu phi iin t i c tai mdt sd t u y i n , khu vye; thu phi ra vao trung t i m ddi vdi xe d td e i n h i n , phf dd xe luy t i l n ; g i l i q u y l t UTGT tai chg, trudng hgc, b^nh vien...; I p dung dd va chay xe (P & R).
Gidl phdp vd chlnh sdch: Q u i n ly nhu elu GTVT (chfnh sich phat t n l n VTHKCC, han c h l sU dyng PTCN);
khuyin khfch, uu tien phat trien VTHKCC thdng qua hd trg tryc tidp (bii Id, trg gil), gtan t i l p (chinh sich t h u i XNK den 2018), phf chuyen nhugng PTCN; Id phi trUde bg, t h u i thu n h i p doanh nghigp, tieu thy dac bidt; phi mdi trudng (khi sU dung n i n g lugng sach, nang tugng khdng t i i tao); phf GTDT chfnh sach vd d i t nhu den bii khi N h i nude lay d i t xiy dyng cdng trinh cdng cdng; g i l i p h i p ve chinh sich gdm nhifrig ctii tidu n h u Quan ly xe d td con d nhan thdng qua n i n g thue tieu thu d i e bigt ddi vdi mdt sd loai PTCN p h i n khdi Idn (dang thyc hidn);
mien g i l m phf trydc ba ddi vdi chuyin quyin sif dung xe m i y (dang thuc hidn), xe d td con c l n h i n (cd t h l lim);
mien g i l m tidn thu t h u i sU dyng dat ddi vdi VTHKCC (dang thuc hien); m i l n g i l m phf mdi trudng khi sUdyng n i n g lugng sach, n i n g lugng khdng t i i tao (dang thuc hign, edng 3-5/
TT
.
2
3
4
5
Chi tieu Qu^n ly xed [6 con ca nhan thdng qua nang thue tieu thu dac biet Mien giam phi trUdc ba ddi vdi chuyen quyen sd hCru xe may*
Chinh sach tang, giam phi trUdc ba ddi vdi chuydn quyen sd hdu o t d c o n
Chinh sach thu, thu^ sijr dung dat ddi vdi VTHKCC
Mi4n, giam phi vdn PT VTHKCC sir dung nang lUong sach, khdng tai tao
Mdc dan
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'Chi chu: Da giam phi chuy&ir^uong quyen sdhiju ddi vdi xe may
• Cdc gidi phdp khdc: Chii yeu mang yeu td khich quan, phy thudc didu kien kinh te ddi ngoai, ngoii y mudn chu quan eiia t h i n h phd nhy hdi nhap s l u rdng v I o kinh t l qudc t l WTO, t r i l n khai thUc hign d c hiep djnh da phuong, eic doanh nghiep VTHKCC nUde ngoli duge d i u t h i u , dau t u khai t h i e VTHKCC dd thj khdi lugng Idn (xe buyt, DSDT)...
- Cdc gidi phdp ddng bg (phuang dn trung, ddi hgn) Cd 6 mUc g i l i p h i p ddng bg sau de nghj I p dung vdt d c khu GTDT sau:
A. MUc 1 - rat thap: Ap dung chu y l u cic g i l i p h i p t d c h U c q u l n l y ;
B. MUc 2 - thap: Ap dung chii yeu d e g i l i p h i p td chUc q u i n ly va g i l i p h i p ky thuat;
C. MUe 3 - trung binh: Ap dung cic gili phip td chUe q u i n ly, gtii p h i p ky thuat v i glli phip hinh ehlnh - kinh td;
A - MUc 4 - kha: Ap dung d c g i l i p h i p td chUc q u i n ly, g i l i p h i p ky thuat, g i l i phap h i n h ehfnh - kinh t l v i g i l i p h i p chinh sich;
B - MUc 5 - cao: Ap dung h i u het d c g i l i p h i p td chUc q u i n ly, gilt p h i p ky t h u i t , g i l i phap h i n h .cbfnh - kinh t l v i mdt phan g i i i p h i p chien luge, quy hogch, chfnh sach;
C - MUc 6 - r i t cao: Ap dung ddng bd tat c i g i l i p h i p v l g i l i p h i p khac.
Tiiy thudc tinh htnh p h i t t r i l n kinh t l - x l hdi, p h i t trien GTDT ciia t h i n h phd m l I p dung d c mUc g i l i phip, d i m b i o tfnh k h i thi, phd hop dieu kidn t i i chfnh, tinh trang giao thdng trong thdi ky do
Kiin nghi cu thi mdc ddng bd dp dung ddi vdi cdc loai khu giao thong nhusau:
* Mdc ddng bg 1 i p d y n g cho khu giao thdng ndng thdn chua phat trien, gdm c&c g i l i p h i p sau: 0^; T,, T^;
AEj, AE,; P,.
Luan g i l i : D i y I I mUc ddng bd 1 r i t thap do y thUc cda ngudi tham gia giao thdng cdn t h i p , c h i p h i n h p h i p l u l t thap- Ddi vdi khu giao thdng ndng thdn chua phat t r i l n thi ve td chUc, q u i n ly giao thdng d n cd p h i n l i n , p h i n ludng, to chUe giao thdng tren dudng v l tgi nut giao. Vd ky t h u i t , ed hg thdng b i o hidu trdn tuyen, cd den didu khien giao thdng; phuong t i l n dgt tieu chuan ATKT v l BVMT; thu phi giao thdng ttieo d i u xe/
qua Xing d i u ; mien phf chuyen quydn sd hUu ddi vdi xe
105
KHOA H O C - C O N G N G H I
miy. Chinh sach mien, giam t i l n thu sU dyng d i t , thud sUdyng d i t ddi vdi phuang tidn VTHKCC khdi luong Idn, phuang t i l n sUdung nang lugng sach.
' Mdc ddng bd 2 ap dyng cho khu giao thdng ndng thdn, khu giao thdng g i i p khu phd mdi, gdm cae g i l i p h i p sau: O^ O,, O,; T,, T^ T,; AE,, AE,, AE^; P,, P,. P^;
SP,,SP,.
Luan g i l i : D i y I I mUc ddng bd thap do y thdc cua ngudi tham gia giao thdng d mUc trung binh t h i p , chap hanh p h i p l u l t giao thdng d mUc thap ndn vd td chUc q u i n ly giao thdng, ngoii O^cln han che/clm luu thdng mdt sd loai xe Idn trdn mdt sd tuyen dudng (vi du d x l Oudng Lim), d n kiem soit, dteu t i l t giao thdng; vd ky thuat can thdm nien hgn ciia PTCN; v l hanh chinh - kinh t l thdm hd trg tnic t i l p cho p h i t t r i l n VTHKCC khoi luong Idn (bu Id). Ve chinh sich, them mien g i l m phi mdi trudng ddi vdi phuang tien Vn-IKCC sU dung n i n g lugng sach, nang lugng khdng t i t tgo. V l chiln lugc, quy hogeh, cd q u i n ly ve chien lugc, quy hoach phat t r i l n GTDT; cd eie dUdng hudng t i m (tryc, chinh, phy), v i n h dai, ciu.
• MUc ddng bd 3 I p dung cho khu giao thdng mdi, khu giao thdng mdi p h i t trien, gdm cae giit phap sau: O^, O,, O,, O,; T,, Tj, T3, T,; AE^, AE,, AE., AE^; P^, P., P^; SP,,SP,.
Ludn gidi: D i y I i mUe ddng bd trung binh. Ve t d chUe, q u i n ly giao thdng thdm quy dinh ludng tuydn, pham vi, gid hoat dgng ciia mdt sd loai xe tren mdt sd tuyin, doan ducmg. V l ky thuat, them t h i l t bj g i l m sat h i n h trinh, GPS tren xe con. Ve h i n h chinh - kinh te, t i n g t h u i tidu thy d i e bigt ddi vdi xe d td con logi d i e bigt nhu phan khdi Idn. Ve chien luae, quy hoaeh, ehinh sich nhu mUc 2.
• MUc ddng bd 4 i p dung eho khu giao thdng thj t r i n , gdm eic gtii p h i p sau; O,, 0^, O,, O,, Oj;T,,T,,Tj,T,;
AEj, AE3. AE,, AE3; Py P,. P^; SP,,SPj.
Luin gili: D i y la mUc ddng bd k h i , y thUe cua ngudi tham gia giao thdng d mUc k h i , trung binh k h i , chap h i n h p h i p lult giao thdng d mUc trung binh k h i ngn i p dung h i u h i t cic g i i i p h i p ve td chdc, q u i n ly giao thdng.
" Mdc dSng bd 5 i p dung cho khu giao thdng phd eil, gdm cic g i l i p h i p sau: 0,, 0^. Oj, O,, O^; T,, T^, T^, T,;
AE,, AEj, AE3, AE,. AEji P,, P^, P^, P,, P^; SP3,SP,, SP^, SP^.
Luin gili: O i y 11 mUe ddng bd cao v i I p dung dugc h i u hdt eic giai phip. Tuy nhidn, ty Ig dat danh eho giao thdng khd thuc hien (SP,), trU khi thanh phd manh vd t i i chinh.
• Mdc ddng bg 6 I p dung cho khu giao thdng phd cd, gdm d c giai p h i p sau: O,, O^, O,, O,, O^; T,, T^, T^, T,, T^; AE,, AEj, AE^, AE,, AE,; P,, P,, P,, P,, P^; SP,, SP,, SP,,'sP*, SP^ ddng thdt cd the i p dyng c l eac g i l i p h i p khic.
Ludn gidi: D i y l i mUc ddng bd cao n h i t . Tuy nhidn, mdt sd g i l i p h i p khdng t h l I p dyng dugc d khu phd cd, vi dy nhu p h i t t r i l n VTHKCC nhUng khdng hudng tdi d i u mdi GTVT tap trung TOD do d d trdn mat d i t , trdn khdng, ngam dUdi dat deu khd tao quy d i t do khdng cd khdng gian.
4. OANH GlA SO B O T ( N H K H A THI, HlEU QUA CUA GlAl P H A P
Cic g i l i p h i p ddng bd neu trdn khi dua v i o I p dung thuc te cd tfnh k h i thl v l chie c h i n sd mang lai hidu q u i tfch cyc, eho du ehi dugc b i t d i u vot mUc thap nhit hole mUe t h i p d khu giao thdng ndng thdn hay mUe trung binh d khu phd cd, phd cu, phd mdi cua Thu dd HI Ngi. Tiiy thudc didu kien t i i ehfnh cu t h l tifng thdi ky cua Ha Ndi m i ed q u y l t djnh mUc ddng bd cap n i o ddi vdi timg logi khu gtao thdng, vao thdi d i l m thich hgp theo quan diem ddng bd n h i m p h i t huy higu q u i cao n h i t
S . K ^ T L U A N - K I ^ N N G H ! 5.1. Ket luan
Cic g i l i p h i p ddng bd dugc d c nudc, n h i t I I cic nudc phat t r i l n I p dyng tU I l u do didu kidn kinh td - xa hdi, giao thdng cho phdp. 6 nudc ta, d i n nay h i u nhU chua ed nghidn cUu slu, day du, t o i n didn vd v i n d l n i y v i I p dyng v i o didu kidn GTDT cy t h l cua Thii dd H I Ndi. Hy vgng trong thdi gian tdi, mdt v l i g i i i phip ddng bd neu trdn duge nghidn cUu t r i l n khai dUa vao i p dung thyc te se g i l i q u y l t dyac mdt p h i n v i n nan UTGT, qua dd g i l m 6 nhiem mdi trudng, TNGT, ning cao y thUc phap l u l t eua ngUdi tham gia GTDT tai HI Not. M i t khie, d i y nhanh v i l e x i y dUng VTHKCC khdi lugng ldn nhU metro, dUdng s i t do thj l i dieu kidn ein v l dil de g i l i q u y l t nhu d u di lai, gdp p h i n p h i t t n l n VTCC, k i l m s o i t p h i t trien PTCN, I I d i l u kign khdng t h l bd qua ddi vdi Thu dd H i Ndi.
5.2. Kiln nghj
UBND TR H i f^di ban h i n h quy djnh eho phgp I p dyng thi d i l m mdt sd g i l i p h i p ddng bd n l u ehua cd quy dtnh p h i p lult. Chfnh phd ban h i n h kjp thdi d c quy djnh khic tao h i n h lang p h i p ly d i y dit cho vigc thyc hien g i l i p h i p ddng bd d l de x u i t Q
TII lieu tham k h i o
[1]. Sd GTVT H i Ngj (11/2016), Ky y l u hdi t h i o 1)1 x u i t cac g i i i p h i p gidm thiiu UTGT vd TNGT trin dja bdn TRHdWdr.HINdi.
[2]. Quy hogch phdt triin GTVTHd Ndi din ndm 2020.
dinh hudng din 2030.
[3]. JICA, Bd GTVT, UBND TR H i Ndi (2006), ChUOng trinh phdt trii'n tdng thi vung Thu dd Hd Ndi (HAIDEP).
[4]. Chiin luac, quy hoach vd chlnh sdch phdt triin GTVT Viet Nam din 2020,2030, NXB. GTVT, H i N^i, 2010.
Ngiy nhdn b l i : 12/01 /2017 Ngiy chlip nhan ding: 6/02/2017 Ngudi p h i n bidn:TS. Nguyen Thanh Phong
