NGHIEN Ciru - TRAO DOI
qVAN LY HOAT DOIVG CUA CAC TO CHUC PHI CHIMH PHU MUOC l^GOAI TAI VIET MAJW
ThS. NGUYEN THI THUY DUNG*
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Png cupc ddi mdi eua Viet Nam dudi sy lanh dao eua Dang Cpng san Vidt Nam da va dang dat dupe nhflng thanh tyu dang ke. gdp phdn cai thidn ddi sdng vat chat va tinh thdn ciia nhan dan trong ca nude, tfl thanh thi tdi ndng thdn, tfl ddng bdng tdi mien nui xa xdi. Nhflng thanh tyu dd, dae bidt la nhflng thanh tyu trong chuang trinh xoa ddi giam ngheo Icbdng tdeh rdi khdi vide phat huy cac yeu td npi sinh cua ca nude cung nhu vide tranh thu sy hop tac, giup dd tfl chfnh phu cac nude va cac td chflc qude td, trong dd cd cac td chflc phi chfnh phu nude ngoai (TCPCPNN).1. Quan he cQa Viet Nam vdi cac TCPCPNN
Nhflng nam qua, quan hd hpp tac cua Viet Nam vdi cac TCPCPNN da cd budc phat trien ca vd hi rpng va chidu sau, dac bidt la sy gia tang vd sd lupng cae td chflc, gia trj vidn trp va cac dy an eung nhu cac ITnh vyc hop tac. Thdng qua quan he hta nghj, iipp tac chan thanh va edi md, cac TCPCPNN da gdp phdn tang cudng hidu bidt cua qude te vd Vidt Nam, trdn ca sd dd, md rpng quan hd hta nghi vd hpp tac gifla nhan dan va ddi tac cua Viet Nam vdi cae nude, nang cao vj thd cua Viet Nam tren trudng qud'c te; ddng thdi, bdng nhflng dy an thidt thyc va bidu qua, gdp phdn hd Irp Viet Nam khde phuc khd khan, tang cudng xoa ddi giam ngheo va phdt tridn kinh te - xa hpi, dao tao va nang eao nang luc can bp tai cdng ddng. Nhin lai sy hpp
tac giua cac TCPCPNN va Viet Nam trong thdi gian qua, cd the thdy, cae chfnh sach uu dai va sy phat tridn ve kinh td - xa hpi cua Viet Nam eung ngay cang tao dieu kidn thuan lpi cho boat ddng va quan he cua cdc TCPCPNN tai Viet Nam.
6 nude ta, trong giai doan 1975 - 1978.
quan he vdi cac TCPCPNN da bat ddu dupe md rpng. Tfl khoang 30 td chflc boat dpng trong cac nam 1975 - 1976. vao nam 1978, da cd 70 td chflc thupc cac khu vyc chau Au, Bdc My, vidn trp khoang 30 trieu USD eho 20 tinh va thanh phd. Hai phan ba sd cac TCPCPNN la nhung td chflc nhd va vfla cua Hoa Ky vdi ngan sach trung binh hang nam tfl 50.000 300.000 USD.
Nam 1977, mpt sd td chflc ldn da trien khai eac chuang trinh ldn cd tri gia tfl 500.000 1.000.000 USD/chuong trinh.
tham chf tdi 2.000.000 USD/chuong trinh trong cac ITnh vyc y te. san xuat cdng nghidp.
Giai doan 1979 1988, Viet Nam bi Hoa Ky va nhidu nude phuong Tay cam van. mpt sd td chflc ldn. trong dd cd nhflng td chflc nhan tai trp cua chfnh phii cac nude phuong Tay tam ngflng boat ddng vidn trp tai Viet Nam. Ben canh dd. mdt sd td chflc hoat dpng edm chtag. mang tfnh chat gifl edu. Trong bdi canh cam van, vidn trp phi chfnh phu giam xudng cdn khoang 8 10 tridu USD/nam va khoang 70% gia trj vidn trp tap trung cho cac boat dpng
• Bp Ngoai giao
TAP CHi QUAN LY NHA NUdC - S6 203 (12/2012) 41
NGHIEN cifu - TRAO DOI
\ien trp khdn cdp. Tuy nhidn, vao nhtag nam eudi eua thdi ky nay, chfnh sach md efla da thdi mpt ludng gid mdi vao sy tham gia cua cac TCPCPNN trong cdng cupc xay dyng va phat trien kinh td - xa hpi cua Viet Nam. Quan be gifla Viet Nam vdi cac TCPCPNN da cd nhtag thay ddi quan trpng, nhdt la sau khi chfnh sach ddi mdi toan didn di vao cupc sdng, cung vdi dd la vide tridn khai chfnh sdch ddi ngoai md cua, da dang boa, da phuong hod quan be.
Giai doan 1989 - 2003, cd sy phat tridn nhay vpt ea vd so lupng td chflc va dy dn cung nhu chat lupng cac chuong trinh dy an. Sd TCPCPNN cd quan hd vdi Viet Nam tang nhanh, nhdt la sau khi Viet Nam tfch cyc thyc hidn chfnh sdch ddi mdi, md rpng quan he ddi ngoai vd chfnh tri, kinh td, van hod va khoa bpc - ky thuat. O thdi ky nay.
sd lupng cac td chflc cd quan hd vdi Viet Nam da tang 277%. Nd'u vao nam 1993, Viet Nam cd quan hd vdi 185 td chflc thi nam 2003, Viet Nam da cd quan he vdi 514 td chflc thupc 26 nude va vung lanh thd thupc Tay Au, Bdc My va chau A Thai Binh Duong, trong dd gdn 400 td chflc cd chuong trinh hpp tac va dy an thudng xuyen vdi cac ddi tac cu thd cua phfa Viet Nam. Quan he ddi tac gifla Viet Nam vdi cac TCPCPNN dupe tridn khai va md rpng ca d trung uong ldn dja phuong, vdi hinh thuc va ITnh vyc rdt da dang, bao gdm: xay dyng ndng thdn, phat tridn cpng ddng, hd trp phat tridn kinh td- xa hpi, y td va giao due, tao cPng an vide lam, bao vd mPi trudng vd quan ly tai nguydn bdn vflng. hd trp kinh td hp gia dinh, giai quye't eac van dd xa hpi... Cdc dy an hop tac nay thyc sy cd y nghTa ddi vdi sy phat tridn kinh td xa hpi cung nhu nang cao ddi sdng mpi mat cua ngudi dan Vidt Nam.
Tfl «am 2004 dd'n nay, sd lupng eac TCPCPNN tai Viet Nam tid'p tuc gia tang.
Nam 2006 cd khoang 650 td chflc. Nam 2009 tang ldn 750 td chflc, nam 2010 la 810 td chflc... Trong sd dd, trdn 500 td
chflc cd boat dpng thudng xuydn, cd dy an va ddi tac Vidt Nam. Gid tri vidn tro nam 2004 la 140 "tridu USD, nam 2005: 175 tridu USD, nam 2006: 217 tridu USD. Nam 2010, tdng gia tri giai ngan cua eac TCPCPNN dat khoang 280 tridu USD, tang 3% so vdi nam 2009 mac du bj anh hudng bdi cupc khung hoang tai chfnh toan cdu. Trong dd, y te la ITnh vyc dupe uu tidn bd trp cao nhdt, chid'm tdi 36% gia tri giai ngan. tid'p theo la ITnh vyc phat trien nang luc cdng ddng, ndng thdn tdng hpp (18%)."..
Khi phan tfch boat ddng vidn trp cua cae TCPCPNN trong nhflng nam qua, eo thd dua ra mpt so nhan xet va danh gia sau:
Mot Id. cac TCPCPNN ngay cang tap trung vao cac chuong trinh, dy an phat tridn bin vtag dai ban, phu hpp vdi djnh hudng phdt tridn kinh td - xa hpi, chuang trinh xod ddi giam ngheo eua Chfnh phii.
CSe chuang trinh, dy an thudng dupe thyc hien trdn mpt sd ITnh vyc nhu: y td, giao due, phat tridn kinh te, giai quyd't cac vdn dd xa hpi, vidn trp khan cdp va tai thidt cho cae vung bi thidn tai. Trong eac chuong trinh, dy an phat tridn kinh te, boat ddng tfn dung va tidt kidm, phat tridn ndng thdn tdng hcfp, ndng lam kdt hpp, giao thPng, thuy lpi, phat tridn doanh nghidp nhd tai cdc dja phuong rat dupe eoi trpng va dupe tridn khai song song vdi cdng tac dao tao, ehuydn giao cdng nghd canh tac ndng, lam nghidp, khai thdc tai nguydn rflng va bao vd sinh thai, quan ly tfn dung theo nhdm, xay dyng va quan ly doanh nghidp nhd.
Ddng thdi, giai quye't nhflng vdn dd xa hdi, giup tre em khd khan, xay dyng nha tinh thuong, dao tao can bp lam cPng tac xa hpi, bao vd va cham sdc tre em. cham sdc ngudi cao tudi, phdng chdng td nan xa hpi... Trong cdc chuong trinh. dy an thude ITnh vyc giao due, cae boat dpng vd xay dung trudng hpc, trang thidt bj giang day, dao tao giao vien midn nui, eung cdp hpc bdng trong nude va d nude ngoai, cung cdp
42 TAP CHI GUAN LY NHA Nll6C - S6 203 (12/2012)
NGHIEN cifu - TRAO DOI giao vidn tinh nguydn giang day tieng
Anh, tidng Phap va tin hpc, xay dyng cac trung tam day nghd, phat trien giao due cpng ddng, nang cao nhan thfle va kha nang phat tridn san xudt cho ngudi ngheo...
thudng dupe cac TCPCPNN coi trpng khi tridn khai chidn lupc phat tridn Idy con ngudi lam trung tam. Nhflng dy an nay la ngudn bd sung cho nd lye chung cua Chinh phu trong sy nghidp phat trien, nhat la tai cdc dja phuang ngheo, noi kinh phf cho gido due, dao tao cdn ban hep. Ve y te, boat dpng vidn trp thudng tap trung vao xay dyng, nang cdp cac bdnh vidn, trung tam y td va tram xa; eung cdp thude va trang thidt bj, dung cu y td cho eac co sd y td va eac trudng dao tao can bp y te; cham sde sfle khoe cpng ddng, ddo tao can bp y td cac cdp, kd ca y td thdn, ban; phdng, chdng HIV/AIDS, bdnh phong, lao, mu lod, mdt hpt; phdng, chdng sdt xudt huyet va bao vd sfle khoe tam thdn cpng ddng...
Vidn trp cho ITnh vyc y td chid'm mdt ty trpng ldn trong gia trj vidn trp dupe giai ngan vd gdp phdn tfch cue vao vide phdng ngfla bdnh, nang cao chdt lupng cPng tac cham sdc, bao vd sfle khoe, kham va chfla bdnh tai nhidu dja phuong.
Hai Id, ddi tucmg hudng lpi cua cae chuong trinh, dy an ddu la ngudi ngheo, nhdm ngudi ngheo va dja phuong ngheo.
Trong sd nhflng ngudi ngheo, nhdm phu nff. tre em va ndng dan ngheo dupe cae TCPCPNN quan tam nhdt. Vide lya chpn nhtag ngudi ngheo thudng dupe tidn hanh thdng qua co chd binh bdu d cdp co sd vdi sy hd trp ciia chfnh quydn dja phuong, Hpi Phu nu, Hdi Ndng dan va thdng qua cac cupc hpp cum dan cu. Chuong trinh, dy an cua TCPCPNN da cd mpt sd tac ddng tfch cyc ddi vdi ngudi ngheo, cu thd la: thay ddi va da dang bod boat dpng san xudt, tid'p can vdi cdng nghd thfch hop, cai thidn mflc sdng va didu kidn lam vide, tao thu nhap va sd hta, giam no ndn, tid'p can vdi cham sdc sfle khoe va y td', tang cudrig vai trd trong
TAP CHI QUAN LY- NHA N U 6 C - S6 203 (12/2012)
gia dinh va cpng ddng. Ddi vdi nhdm phu nfl, chuong trinh, dy an cua cae TCPCPNN cung cd nhtag tac dpng tfch cyc: tang cudng sy tham gia cua phu nfl trong cpng ddng, thay ddi phan chia lao dpng trong gia dinh va cai thidn cupc sdng cua phu nfl, gia dinh va tre em (tao thu nhap. tid'p can cac djeh vu cham sdc sfle khoe va giao due eo ban).
Ba Id. trong hdu hd't cae dy an phat tridn dai ban, cacTCPCPNN rdt chu trpng tdi cong tac dao tao, nang eao nang lye cho ngudi ngheo va cho can bp quan ly dy an la ngudi dja phuong. CPng tac dao tao thudng dupe tien hanh d nhidu cap khac nhau. ed npi dung phu hpp vdi tflng ddi tupng va thudng gdn vdi tinh hinh thyc te cua dia phuong cung nhu vide thyc hanh ky nang. Vide dp dung phuong phdp dao tao ed sy tham gia eua hpc vidn dupe phd bidn kha rpng rai va dua lai kdt qua thidt thyc cho ngudi hpc. Phuong phdp tid'p can nhtag vdn dd nay sinh trong qua trinh phat tridn va phuong phap giai quyd't cac khd khan dupe cdc bpc vidn dp dung tdt, tao ehuydn bidn tfch eye trong cac boat dpng kinh td - xa hpi d nhidu xa, huydn trong ca nude.
Bdn Id, quan he ddi tac gifla cac TCPCPNN va chfnh quydn ede cdp cua Vidt Nam va nhan dan trong vung dy an da dupe hinh thanh va tflng budc eung ed theo true ba bdn: chfnh quydn - nhan dan vung hudng lpi - TCPCPNN. Mdi quan he ddi tac nay cho phep sfl dyng the manh cua cac bdn trong qua trinh tridn khai dy an. dac bidt la kdt hpp gifla nhflng ngudn lye cua cac TCPCPNN vdi nhflng ngudn lye cua dja phuong, cd sy tham gia ngay cang rdng rai cua nhan dan cac vung budng lpi, edc nhdm ddi tucmg trong cdc budc ddnh gid nhu cdu, xay dyng dy an, tridn khai dy an, giam sat va ddnh gia dy an. Vd tdng thd, tuy vidn trp ciia cac TCPCPNN khdng ldn nhung cd quy md thfch hpp va muc tidu thyc hidn cu the, cd tac dyng thidt thyc ddi
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NGHIEN ciru - TRAO DOI
\ di nhieu nganh, dja phuong va co sd, nhat la nhtag co sd ngheo.
2. Quan Iv hoat dong ciia cac TCPCPNN tai Viet Nam
Thyc hidn chu truong va chfnh sach vd md rpng quan he ddi ngoai theo hudng da dang hod, da phuang boa, dd tao didu kidn cho cac boat dpng cua cac TCPCPNN tai Viet Nam dupe tidn hanh hidu qua, mang lai lpi fch thidt thyc va phu hcfp vdi luat phap cung nhu tap quan Vidt Nam, thdi gian qua, Nha nude ta da ban hanh nhidu van ban phap ly lien quan tdi vide td chflc cong tac viin dpng. sfl dung va quan ly vidn tip phi chfnh phu. quan ly boat dpng cua cac TCPCPNN. trong dd dang ehu y la Quyd't dinh .sd SO/CV ngay 28/3/1991 ciia Chii tich Hpi ddng Bp trudng (nay la Thu tudng Chfnh phu) xac dinh vai trd cua co quan dau mdi va ban hanh quy dinh trong quan he vdi cac TCPCPNN, tlianh lap Nhdm cdng tac vidn trp phi chfnh phu vdi sy tham gia cua dai didn ed thdm quydn cua chin co quan lidn quan nhdm tu vdn cho Chfnh phu vd chfnh sach ddi vdi cae td chflc phi chinh phu nhu: Quyd't djnh sd 340/TTg ngay 24/05/1996 cua Thu" tudng Chfnh phu ve vide ban hanh Quy che ve hoat dpng eua cac TCPCPNN tai Viet Nam; Quye't djnh sd 59/2001/QD-TTg ngay 24/04/ 2001 vd vide thanh lap Uy ban Cong tac vd cae TCPCPNN; Quydt djnh sd 64/200 l/QD-TTg ngay 26/04/2001 vd vide ban hanh Quy che quan ly va sfl dung vidn tro phi chfnh phu nude ngoai; Quye't dinh sd 286/2006/QD-TTg ngay 27/12/ 2006 ve vide ban hanh "Chuong trinh qud'c gia xuc tien van ddng vidn trp phi chfnh phu nude ngoai giai doan 2006 2010" nhdm tang cudng huy dpng, khai thac va nang cao hieu qua sfl dung ngudn vidn trp cua cac TCPCPNN, gdp phdn phdt tridn kinh te - xa hpi va giam ngheo d Viet Nam...
Cac van ban phap quy trdn, trong dd cd viec cap Gidy phep lap Van phdng dai
didn, Gidy phep lap Van phdng dy an va Gidy phep boat dpng cho eac TCPCPNN cung nhu vide thanh lap mpt co quan lidn nganh chuyen trach Uy ban CPng tac vd cac TCPCPNN vdi chin thanh vidn cdp thfl trudng tfl cae bp, nganh cua Viet Nam. thd hidn sy eong nhan chfnh thfle ddi vdi sy ed mat cua cac TCPCPNN tai Viet Nam va tao dyng mpt co chd trong vide phdi hpp, hpp tac gifla Viet Nam vdi cac td chflc nay.
3. Tiep tuc tdng cudng quan ly hoat dpng ciia c§c TCPCPNN tai Viet Nam trong thdi gian tdi
Dd tranh thu ngudn vidn trp eua cac TCPCPNN phuc vu nhu cdu phat tridn kinh te xa hpi trong didu kidn ddt nude eon khd khan, ddng thdi, ngan chan eac hanh dpng pha hoai cua cac the lye phan ddng dpi Idt eac TCPCPNN de gay rdi tai Viet Nam, Chfnh phu Viet Nam da tid'p tue xay dyng va hoan thidn he thdng cac van ban phap quy nhdm tao mdi trudng phap ly thuan lpi cho boat dpng cua cac TCPCPNN cung nhu giup quan ly boat dpng ciia cac TCPCPNN tai Viet Nam.
Mdi day, ngay 01/3/2012, Chfnh phu da ban hanh Nghi djnh sd 12/2012/ND-CP vd dang ky va quan ly hoat ddng cua eac TCPCPNN tai Viet Nam. Theo dd, Nha nude Viet Nam khuydn khfch va tao didu kidn thuan lpi dd eac TCPCPNN thyc hidn boat dpng nhan dao, phat tridn tai Viet Nam. Tuy nhidn, TCPCPNN thyc hidn boat dpng nhan dao, phat tridn tai Viet Nam phai dang ky vdi co quan nha nude cd tham quydn cua Viet Nam va tuan thu phap luat Viet Nam. Ddng thdi, nghidm cam cac TCPCPNN thyc hien cac hanh vi sau: td chflc, thyc hidn eac boat dpng chfnh tri, tPn giao va cac boat ddng kbPng phti hpp vdi lpi fch qude gia, an ninh, qude phdng, dai doan kdt dan tpc Viet Nam; cac hoat dpng nhdm muc dfch thu lpi nhuan, kbPng phuc vu muc dich nhan dao, phat tridn; cac hoat dpng lidn quan dd'n rfla tidn,
44 TAP CHI QUAN L9 NHA NUdc - s6 203 (12/2012)
N G H | £ N ciru - TRAO DOI
khung bd; cac boat ddng xam hai dao dflc xa hpi, thudn phong, my tuc, truydn thdng va ban sdc dan tpc; cac boat dpng khac trai vdi quy djnh cua phdp luat Viet Nam.
Cac TCPCPNN cd thd dupe xet cdp dang ky dudi ba hinh thfle, gdm: Gidy dang ky boat dpng, Gidy lap Van phdng dy an va CJidy phep lap Van phdng dai didn.
Di dupe phep boat dpng, TCPCPNN phai dap flng cae didu kidn sau: ed tu each phap nhan theo phap luat eua qud'c gia noi thanh lap; cd didu Id, tdn chi boat dpng rd rang; cd ke hoach boat dpng nhan dao, phat tridn tai Viet Nam thPng qua cae ehuang trinh, dy an hoae vidn trp plii dy an phti hpp vdi chfnh sach phdt tridn kinh te - xa hpi cua Nha nude Vidt Nam.
Bp Ngoai giao se la co quan ddu mdi quan ly boat dpng eua cac TCPCPNN, chu tri va phdi hpp vdi cdc co quan lidn quan xay dyng. ban hanh cae van ban quy pliam phap luat vd boat dpng cua cac TCPCPNN tai Vidt Nam; tham muu dd xudt nhflng ehu truong. chfnh sach ddi ngoai lidn quan den hoat ddng cua cac TCPCPNN; thyc hidn cdp. gia ban. sfla ddi, bd sung, thu hdi gidy dang ky cua cac TCPCPNN tai Viet Nam; phdi hpp vdi cac co quan lien quan trong cPng tac quan ly boat dong cua cac TCPCPNN.
Uy ban CPng tac vd cac TCPCPNN - eo quan giup Thu tudng Chfnh phu chi dao, giai quyd't nhflng vdn dd lidn quan dd'n cdc TCPCPNN tai Viet Nam se phdi hpp vdi Bp Ngoai giao xay dyng, trinh co quan cd thdm quydn ban hanh cdc van ban quy pham phap luat vd boat ddng cua cac TCPCPNN tai Vidt Nam. Ddng thdi, chu tri cdng tac thdm djnh ddi vdi cae TCPCPNN thdng qua eac co quan thanh vien uy ban dd ehuydn hd so cho Bp Ngoai giao xet cdp, gia ban, sua ddi, bd sung, thu hdi Gidy dang ky cua cae TCPCPNN tai Viet Nam. Thanli tra, kidm tra, gidm sat hoat ddng cua TCPCPNN tai Vidt Nam.
Chu tri va phdi bpp vdi edc co quan lien quan giai quyd't khidu nai, td eao va xfl ly cac vi pham lien quan dd'n hoat dong eua TCPCPNN tai Viet Nam. Tdng hpp, bao cao Chinh phu vd tinh hinh hoat dong cua TCPCPNN tai Viet Nam. Dinh k^' thPng bao cho cac bd, nganh, dia phuang vd cdc TCPCPNN dang ky boat dpng trong ITnh vyc va dja ban lidn quan vdi cae bp, nganh.
dia phuong. Phd bidn. cung cap thdng tin lidn quan tdi boat ddng phi chfnh phu nude ngoai tdi cac co quan ddi tac Vidt Nam va TCPCPNN.
Cac bp, eo quan ngang bp, co quan thupc Chfnh phu, co quan trung uong hudng ddn, kidm tra, giam sat boat dpng cua cdc TCPCPNN boat dpng trong nganh, ITnh vyc thupc pham vi quan ly nha nude eua cac bp, co quan ngang bp, eo quan thupc Chfnh phu. Tdng hcrp tinh hinh boat dpng eua TCPCPNN cd hpp tde tryc tid'p vdi nganh. gfli Uy ban Cong tac vd cac TCPCPNN dd tdng hpp. bao cao Thu tudng Chfnh phu.
Uy ban nhan dan cdc tinh. thanh phd tryc thupc trung uong budng ddn, kidm tra, gidm sat hoat dpng cua cac TCPCPNN boat dpng trong pham vi tinh. thanh phd tryc thupc trung uong. Phdi hpp vdi Uy ban Cdng tac vd eac TCPCPNN trong vide xem xet cdp, gia ban, sua ddi. bd sung, thu hdi gidy dang ky. Tdng hpp tinh hinh boat dpng eua TCPCPNN trdn dja ban. gui Uy ban Cdng tac vd cac TCPCIPNN dd tdng hop, bao eao Thu tudng Chfnh phu.
C!ae CO quan ddi tac Viet Nam tuan thu cac quy djnh vd boat dpng va vidn trp cua TCPCPNN tai Viet Nam khi hpp tac vdi TCPCPNN. Hudng ddn TCPCPNN thyc hidn cac quy djnh cd lidn quan. Bdo cao co quan cd tham quydn tinh hinh hpp tac vdi TCPCPNN tryc tiep cd quan he vdi td chflc minbG
TAP CHf Q U A N LY N H A NUdC - $6 203 (12/2012) 45
