CONG NGHE NGAN HANG
VAI TRd CUA TV Lt AN T O A N V 6 N TRONG QOAN LV V A
GIAM SAT R O I RO HC T H 6 N G NGAN H A N G V A M O T V A I
KHUYiN NGHI Odi VOl VICT NAM TRONG GIAI DOAN HIlN NAY
"^Nguyen Thiiy Linh
R
iii ro vdn ddpc xem Id mdt trong nhdng ddc tfnh dac trdng, cdhdU chi phdi ho^t ddng cCia hd thdng ngdn hdng.Tuy nhidn, cung vdi sd phdt trien cua ho thdng tdi chfnh thi ngdy cdng cd nhilu hdn cdc cd chd' giup gidm thilu rui ro vd bdo ddm an todn cho cdc ngdn hang trong qud trinh hoat ddng. Xdt d mdt khfa canh ndo dd, cdc t l chdc tdi chfnh tfn dyng ngdy nay hoat dOng trong mdt mdi trddng
"an todn" ddc biOt bdi hp ddpc phep tidp can nhdng nguIn cdu trp dac bidt td ngdn hdng trung ddng trong chdc nang cho vay cudi cung, dong thdi hp cung thddng xuydn ddpc bdo dam bdi cdc td chdc bao h i l m t i l n gufi cua Chfnh phu. NhOhg ydu td ndy da cho phep hp cd thd djch chuyen nhdng rui ro trong cd cdu tdi sdn cua hp td cdc cd ddng sang cho nhdng ngddi nOp thud. Vdi mOt mdi tnidng "an todn" nhd thd cd t h i thdc day cdc ngdn hdng thdc hiOn nhilu nghiOp vu kinh doanh cd tfnh rui ro cao hdn. Bdi vdy, hp cung c i n phdi ddpc gidm sdt vd quan ly mdt cdch dac biOt hdn de cd thd ban chd khd nang cdc ngdn hdng ndy tao ra vd gia tang rui ro ddi vdi xa hOi.
De cdng tdc gidm sdt vd qudn ly an todn hd thdng ngdn hang hidu qua hdn thi mOt he thdng chf sd gidm sdt nham bao qudt mpi hoat ddng rui ro cd thd phdt sinh ngdy cdng ddpc chu trpng. Tf Id an todn vdn tdi thilu (CAR) Id mdt thddc do do an todn vdn cua ngdn hdng ddpc tfnh theo tf Id phIn tram cua tdng vdn cap I vd vdn cap II so vdi tdng tdi sdn cd dilu chfnh theo rui ro ciia ngdn hdng.
* Vien Chien lifdc Ngan hang, NHNN
tiga^amganhieuaidtegiupgimnUiKutuirovadambaoantoandMcdcngdnhangtimgqud^^^^
Tl Id ndy thddng ddpc diing d l bao vd nhiJng ngddi gifi t i l n trddc rui ro cua ngdn hdng vd tang tfnh dn djnh cung nhd hidu qua cua hO thdng tdi chfnh. Bang tf Id nay ngddi ta cd the xdc djnh ddpc khd nang cua ngdn hdng trong vide thanh todn cdc khodn np cd thdi ban vd ddi mat vdi cdc loai nii ro. Hay ndi cdch khdc, khi ngdn hdng dam bao ddpc tf Id nay tdc Id nd dd ty tao ra mdt "td'nri ddm" chdng lai nhdng cu sdc v l tdi chfnh, vda td bdo vO minh, vda bao vd nhdng ngddi gCJ\ t i l n . Trong sd rat nhilu nhdng ch? sd gidm sdt ngdn hdng khdc nhau, ty 10 an todn vd'n cd t h i ddpc coi nhd mdt cdng cy cd chufc nang dd bdo tong hpp bdi vf viOc dp dung tdng ty 10 gidm sdt khdc diu ngy y mdt sd dilu chfnh trong gid trj tai sdn cd vd tdi sdn np, vd dilu dd l l n Idpt d i d anh hddng dd'n ty Id an todn vdn ciia ngdn hdng.
Hieu qua cua vifc ap dung quy
djnh v l ty Id an toan vd'n tdi thieu trong thdc te'd cac quoc gia
Mdt trong nhdng nhdn td quan trpng trong vide cdc cd quan qudn ly dda ra cdc quy djnh ve ty Id an toan vd'n td'i thidu la nham hd trp cdc ngdn hdng cd dp nhay cam cao hdn va dd bdo tdt hdn trddc nhdng rui ro, dong thdi bude hp phai cd ddpc nhilu vd'n hon khi hp rdi vdo trang thai khd khan.
Do dd, myc tidu cd ban nhdt ciia cdc ydu clu quan ly v l ty Id an todn vd'n chfnh Id thuc d l y cdc ngdn hang cd bd ddm vdn thap, xdy ddng bp ddm vd'n ciia hp bang cdch tang vdn vd gidm tdi sdn cd nii ro.
Tuy nhidn, trong thyc td thi nhilu nghidn cud da chf ra rang nhdng yiu cau ve ty le an toan vdn tdi thiiu cua cac ca quan quan ly cd the da khong cd tac dung trong viec lam giam cac hanh vi rui ro tii cac ngan hang, mi n^cfc lai, trong nhieu
TAP CHI NGAN HANG I S68 I THANG 4/2012
CONG NGHE NGAN HANG
tn/dng hgp, cdn cd the t^o ra nhufng tac dgng tiiu ci/c vi bdp mio thj trudng khi thuc diy giam tin dung tCfphia cung. Josd Filipe Abreu (2009) dd tid'n hdnh nghidn culU dya trdn nhdng dO lipu tif 4.176 ngdn hdng thddng mai cua My ti^ ndm 2002 ddn ndm 2007 nhdm phdn tfch hdnh vi cua cdc ngdn hdng dddi khudn k h i dp dyng Hidp Lfdc vd'n Basel I. Kdt qud nghidn cdu dd khdng hd trp cho gid thuyd't cho rdng sy gia tdng cdc dp Iyc gidm sdt v l vd'n se thuc dly mdc tdng vdn vd gidm nii ro d cdc ngdn hdng.
Nghidn cdU ndy chf ra ring cdc ngdn hdng cd vung ddm vdn thd'p thddng tid'n hdnh xdy dyng l^ii vijng ddm vd'n sau khi cd nhdng dilu chfnh cdc quy djnh qudn ly v l nii ro chd khdng phdi Id ve vd'n. Nhilu nghidn edU cung cho thdy ty le an toan van toi thiiu cd the tao ra nhOng tie d0ng ti/Ong td nhu mot cdng cu thit ch$t tin dung ma khong lim thay ddi chi phi cho vay vi co cSu tin dung.
Nghidn edU cua Furlong (1992), Peek vd Rosengren (1993) cho thay that chat tfn dyng dd xdy ra tai My vd Nhdt Bdn trong nhdng nam td 1988 den 1991, khi md CAR ddpc dp dyng td nam 1988.
Brinkman vd Horvitz (1995) cung cho rang mOt trong nhdng ly do keo ddi suy thodi kinh td tai My trong giai doan td 1987 den 1991 Id viOc sif dyng cdc ty 10 an todn vdn ciia BIS dd Idm gidm bdt hiOu qua ciia chfnh sdch lai sudt thap. Ddy cung Id ly do nhilu nhd nghidn edU de cdp d l gidi thfch cho vide tfn dyng thu hpp vd cdc dilu kiOn kinh td vT md bj that chat tai Hdn Qudc trong nhdng nam 1997 1998 khi nddc ndy dd dp dung ty 10 an todn vdn tdi thilu cao hon trong qud trinh tdi cau true hO thdng ngdn hdng.
Nghidn culU ciia Chiuri, Ferri vd Majnoni (2002) dda trdn chuoi do lieu td 572 ngdn hdng d 15 nddc dang phdt trien dd tim thdy nhdng bang chufng phu hpp di
ehufng minh rdng vide dp dyng cdc quy djnh gidm sdt v l vdn dd d i n tdi mOt sy suy gidm v l cung cdc khodn cho vay vd do dd, cQng Idm gidm ting tfn dyng tgi cdc ndde ndy. Jackson vd cdc d i n g sy (1999) dd xem xdt hdng logt nghidn cufu phdn tfch cdch thufc md tidu chuan an todn v l vdn t^o ra nhdng dnh hddng ddi vdi vdn tgi cdc ngdn hdng (nhd Id Paltzman (1970), Mingo (1975), Dietric vd James (1983)...). Nghidn ciiU ndy cung di ddn kdt ludn rdng trong ngdn hgn, cdc ngdn hdng se ddp ijfng cdc ydu clu v l vdn bdng cdch gidm cho vay, tuy nhidn, cd rdt ft bdng chdng d l cd t h i di ddn kdt ludn rang vide qudn ly ty Id an todn vdn cd t h i thiic d l y cdc ngdn hdng duy trf mdt ty 10 vdn/tdi sdn cd cao hdn so vdi mdc hp sd chpn ndu nhd khdng bj dp dyng quy djnh qudn ly, gidm sdt v l vdn.
Theo nhdng quy djnh v l ty Id an todn vdn, cdc khodn vay cho khu vdc Chfnh phii cd t h i ddpc dp dyng ty trpng rui ro bang 0% ndu nhd nddc dd thudc khdi OECD vd 100% ndu nddc dd khdng thudc khdi OECD. D i l u ndy chf hdm y rang cdc khodn np phdi ddi tif Chfnh phii cdc ndde OECD Id cdc
"tdi sdn an todn" Tuy nhidn, trong qud trinh dp dyng Basel t^i hlu hdt cdc nddc khdng thudc OECD, cdc nddc ndy vln dp dyng ty trpng nji ro bdng 0% dd'i vdi trdi phidu Chfnh phu nddc hp. Vd do dd, thdc dly cdc ngdn hdng ndm gid trdi philu Chfnh phii nhilu hdn nhIm gidm cjuy md tdi sdn cd nii ro. Dilu ndy ddng nghTa vdi viOc tfn dyng cho khu vyc td nhdn bj cdt gidm.
Tuy thuOc vdo mufc dO phy thuOc cua khu vyc td nhdn, ddc biOt Id cdc doanh nghiOp nhd vd vdd d tifng ndde, nhijfng diln bid'n ndy cd t h i tao ra nhOhg tdc ddng khdc nhau Idn tdng tnidng kinh td d cdc ndde dd.
Ddpc khuydn khfch bdi vide dp dyng ty Id an todn vdn tai cdc nddc phdt t r i l n , cdc ndde dang phdt triln cung dd nd Iyc tidn
hdnh dp dyng ty 10 ndy tgi nyac minh trong qud trfnh tdi co c3u khu vyc tdi chfnh ngay ti^ diu nhdng ndm 1990. Mdc dij kS qud dp dyng ty 10 ndy Id rlt da dgng d cdc nddc nhdng nhOfng kinh nghiOm gin ddy da cho thly nhOhg yiu ciu giim sit vi vm thdng qua ty 1$ an toin vdn t^i cic nude dang phit triin khdng phii luc nio cung thtfc hi$n dikfc
vai trd cua m^t cdng of giim sat nhuky vgng. Ngdpc Igi vdi sytiln bO rdt rd ndt trong viOc dp dyng cdc quy djnh v l ty 10 an todn vHi tai cdc nddc ndy thi rdt nhilu thj trddng mdi ndi Igi rdi vdo khiing hodng trong sudt nhdng ndm 1990 vd d i u nhOng ndm 2000.
Trong nghidn cdU cua minh, Li liana Rojas Suarez (2002) da di ddn kdt ludn rdng: cdc t i ^ chuIn an todn vdn da cd rat ft sy hOU fch trong vai trd Id mOt cdng cy gidm sdt d cdc nddc dang phdt trien. Ndu nhd vdn chii sd hdu Id mdt chl sd tdt d l md ta trgng thdi Idnh manh cua cac ngdn hdng thi rd rdng ngdn hang d cdc nddc khung hodng se gap khd khdn trong viOc tdng viri.
Tuy nhidn, nhd trong bilu do da chf ra, trong nhOhg ndm trddc khi khung hodng ngdn hang xdy ra b cdc nddc Thyy D i l n , Nauy, Nh|t Ban, vdn chu sd hOU cua cdc ngdn hdng da tdng tnJdng dm, nhdng d cdc nddc dang phdt triln trong thdi ky tnidc khung hodng, tdng tnidng vdn chu sd hOU khdng chl dddng md cdn dgt mufc rlt cao nhd trddng hpp cua Thdi Lan, Mexico vd Ecuador.
MOt sd ly do d l gidi thfch cho viOc dp dyng khdng hiOu qud t/1^
an todn vdn trong gidm sdt ngSn hdng tgi cdc nddc dang phdt triln da ddpc dda ra, trong dd nhilu quan d i l m cho rang d l cd thi s^
dyng ty 10 an todn vdn nhd mOt cdng cy gidm sdt hiOu qud si/ lanh mgnh cCia cdc td chCJc tdi chfnh c i n cd 2 ydu td:
Thdnhcft, ydu td lidn quan din chdt Idpng do liOu kdtodn thing
TAP CHI NGAN H A N G | SO 8 j T H A N G 4/2012
CONG NGHE NGAN HANG
Ting trudng von chu sd hOU thuan trong he thdng ngan hang trUdc thdi ky khung hoang d cac qudc gia
* NSm 1994, My khdng xiy ra khung hoing tuy nhiin chl sd'nhy dU0c sCf di^ng nhu la m0t chl ti€u diso sinh.
Ngudn: Rojas-Suarez vi Weisbrod (1997), Rojas-Suarez (2001b), thdng ki cua Ngin hing Trung Udng cic nUdc vi IMF financial data.
ke vd khudn khd gidm sdt.
Thd hai, sd t i n tai vd tfnh hipu qua ciia thj trddng vdn.
Mac dij da cd nhilu tidn bO, song nhilu nddc dang phdt triln vdn chda dp dung ddpc cdc tidu chuan kdtodn vd khudn khd gidm sdt d l cdc tidu chuan v l vdn cd t h i ddpc thdc thi mpt cdch hidu qua. Tidu chuan kd todn vd hd thdng bdo cdo khdng phO hdp, sd phdn loai khdng chuIn xac cdc khoan np vd sd thilu hyt cdc khodn dd phdng rui ro tfn dyng Id nhOng vf du rd net cho sd khdng phu hpp ndy. Trong trddng hpp dd, viOc thi4i cdc khudn khd ludt phdp mOt l l n nfla lai ban chd kha nang di h i trp cdc boat ddng gidm sdt khi mpt nii ro trong iTnh vdc ngan hdng xdy ra.
Tuy nhidn, ly do thuf 2 mdi thyc sd Id ly do qdan trpng d h l u hdt cdc nIn kinh tdmdi ndi. Dd Id sd thidu hyt cua mOt thj trddng vdn phdt triln vd cd tfnh thanh khoan cao. Thdm chf ngay cd khi hO thdng bdo cdo, kd todn vd khudn khd ludt phdp Id d l y dii thi ty 10 an todn vdn cung khdng phdn dnh hiOu qua ndu nhd tfnh thanh khodn cua cd phidu ngdn hdng dd, cdc khoan np dddi chuIn hodc cdc tdi san cd vd tdi san np
khdc Id thap, vd do vdy, khd d l cd t h i xdc nhdn chdnh Idch gida gid trj thj trddng vd gid trj kdtodn ciia phIn vdn ngdn hdng. 6 hlu hdt cdc nddc dang phdt trien, thj trddng cd phidd vdn nhd vd thidu tfnh canh tranh. Cd quan gidm sdt khd cd thd xdc djnh xem gid trj thj trddng cua phIn vdn ngdn hdng thdc chat Id bao nhidu cung nhd Id cdc co ddng cd Idnh manh khdng khi hp mua c l phIn cua cdc ngdn hdng vi hp hodn todn cd thd tdi trp cho nguIn vdn ndy bang mOt nguIn di vay td cdc td chufc cd lidn quan, thdm chf Id td cdc td chdc phi tdi chfnh. Trong tofdng hpp dd thi khd nang gidm sdt ciia cd quan gidm sdt cdng bj ban chd. Mdc du quy md vdn cua cdc ngdn hdng tang Idn nhdng Id do sy tdng Idn cCia ddng vdn cd chdt Idpng thdp, do dd, khdng Idm cho hd thdng ngdn hdng trd ndn an todn hdn. Hdn thd nda, cdn cd t h i tgo ra nhOng riii ro do ddnh gid sai l l m "sOc chju" ddng ciia hO thdng. Hidn tdpng sd hdu chdo trong hd thdng ngdn hdng ciia Vidt Nam hiOn nay cung cd t h i Id mOt minh chufng rdt rd net cho hiOn tdpng nay.
Cho ddn nay, vdn chda cd mOt sd dong thudn ndo trong cdch
thufc d l cd t h i thidt kd mOt khudn k h i qudn ly v l vdn cd t h i dp dyng d tat cd cdc qudc gia. Tuy nhidn, vide thuc d l y cdc ngdn hdng hdnh ddng thdng qua vide ydu clu mOt ty 10 an todn vdn cao hon cd t h i lai cd nhdng tdc dOng tidu eye ddi vdi sy phdt triln ciia cdc ngdn hdng vd tao ra nhdng dnh hddng rd rdng ddi vdi nIn kinh td thf da ddpc thOa nhdn trong rdt nhilu nghidn cijfU khdc nhau. Nghidn cufU cua Scott Roger and Francis Vitek (IMF, 2012) v l cdc dnh hddng ddi vdi kinh td vT md khi tdng thdm cdc ydu clu v l ty Id an todn vdn tdi thidu da md td rang: gid silt ydu clu v l ty Id an todn v l vdn tdi thilu ddi vdi tdt cd cdc ngdn hdng trdn todn thd gidi ding loat tdng thdm 1 % (md khdng cd sy tham gia ciia bit k)' chfnh sdch tiln to ndo khdc), cd t h i gdy ra mOt sd suy gidm GDP d mdc 0,5%
trong dd, khoang 0,1% Id hdu qud cua hidu dng lan truyin. Thidt hai tai cdc nddc dang phdt triln ddpc thdy Id cd t h i cao hdn so vdi cdc
nddc phdt triln.
M6t sd khuydn nghj do) vdi Viet Nam trong giai doan hien nay
Trong qdd trinh phdt trien vd hodn thien d i n cdc khudn khd qudn ly dd'i vdi ty Id an todn vdn d cdc qudc gia, dac bidt Id sd ra ddi vd tdng bddc ndng cdp cua cdc quy djnh v l ty 10 an todn vdn theo cdc hidp ddc Basel I, Basel II vd mdi ddy Id Basel III, rd rang ty Id an todn vdn da chdhg minh ddpc t i m quan trpng ciia nd trong vai trd mdt cdng cy gidm sdt vd dd bdo an todn ciia ho thdng tdi chfnh. Toy nhidn, thyc tdcung cho thdy, mac du ddy Id mOt cdng cy quan trpng nhdng chda du d l phdn dnh xdc thdc mOc do nii ro ciia hO t h i n g ngdn hdng.
Vd do vdy, cdc quy djnh v l ty 10 an todn vdn tdi t h i l u Id chda dii d l tao ra nhOng dOng Idc thiie d l y cdc ngdn hdng gidm t h i l d nii ro vd xdy dyng vdng ddm vdn, gia tang cdc bidn phdp dam bdo an todn, md c i n cd sy phdi hpp chat che vdi cdc quy djnh v l cdc ty Id an todn khdc, d i n g thdi cung chf ndn sCf dyng ty Id an todn vdn d mde dO
TAP CHl NGAN HANG | SO 8 | THANG 4/2012
CONG NGHE NGAN HANG
hpp ly de trdnh tao ra nhdng tdc dOng tidu cdc dd'i vdi thj trddng nhd da phdn tfch d trdn.
Trong bdi cdnh eua Vidt Nam hidn nay cd t h i thdy, vide dp dyng ty Id an todn vdn tdi thidu trong qudn ly vd gidm sdt an todn hd thd'ng ngdn hdng da gdp phIn quan trpng tifng bddc ndng c ao ty Id an todn vd'n cua cd hd thdn^.
Tfnh dd'n nay, ty Id an todn vdn trung binh ciia cd hd thdng ngdn hdng dd d?t mdc trdn 11 % (cao hdn tidu chuIn an todn vdn tdi thilu cLia Basel II Id 8%). Mdc du vdy, cung cd t h i thd'y ring ty Id ndy chda phdn dnh dung ddpc mdc do nii ro thyc tdciia hd thdng ngdn hang hipn nay. Ty Id an todn vdn da cao hdn so vdi mdc ydu clu theo thdng Id qudc td, nhdng rui ro hd thdng van rdt Idn, md bilu hidn rd nhat Id chung ta van dang phdi dd'i mat vdi mdt cuOc tdi cdu true sdu rOng trong todn he thd'ng. Thyc td ndy xud't phdt tO vide Viet Nam van dang t i n tai nhdng khd khan trong vide dp dyng ty Id an todn vd'n nhd d rat nhilu nddc dang phdt triln khdc, bao gom cd chat Idpng dd lidu kd todn thdng kd vd khudn khd gidm sdt, vd sy thidu hidu qud cua thi trddng vdn. Vide dp dyng cdc chuan myc kd todn ngdn hdng theo tidu chuan kdtodn Vidt Nam (VAS) va chdm chuyin d l i sang cdc chuan myc qudc td (IFRS) ciia cdc ngdn hdng hidn nay da ban chd khd ndng phdn dnh bdc tranh thdc te ciia hO thdng ngdn hdng thdng qua cdc con so thd'ng kd, bdo cdo. Nang Iyc thanh tra gidm sat cua cd quan qudn ly v l n cdn ydu kem. Hoat ddng gidm sdt chda chu trpng vdo cdnh bdo sdm rui ro cho cdc NHTM md v l n chii yd'u mang tfnh theo ddi, gidm sdt mdt cdch ridng Id dd'i vdi tOng NHTM. Thj trddng vdn kem phdt triln da cdn trd khd nang huy dOng vdn trdn thj trddng chOng khodn. Id mdt trong nhdng nguydn nhdn phdt sinh hidn tdpng sd hOU cheo trong he thdng ngdn hdng hidn nay.
Dda trdn kinh nghidm phdt
triln vd dp dyng ty 10 an todn vdn tdi thilu tgi cdc nddc cung nhd thyc trgng eua Vidt Nam hidn nay cd t h i thdy Vidt Nam c i n thidt gidi quydt trddc nhOng khd khdn vddng m l c trong vide dp dyng ty 10 an todn vdn d l eh?
sd ndy cd t h i phdn dnh mdt each x.K thyc hdn tfnh an todn cua hO thdng ngdn hdng hdn Id viOc cd gdng nhanh chdng ndng cao ty 10 ndy, bdi vi dilu dd cd t h i t,io ndn nhdng dp lye qud mOc Idn cdc ngdn hdng md lai khdng d^it ddpc cdc myc tidu v l qudn ly. Do dd, mdt sd khuydn nghj cy t h i Vidt Nam cd thd thyc hidn trong giai dogn hidn nay, song song vdi qud trfnh tdi clu true hO thdng ngdn hdng, nhd Id:
Thd nhii, c i n tdng cddng qudn ly viOc trfeh lap dy phdng rui ro, ydu clu cdc ngdn hdng trfeh Idp dy phdng nii ro d l y dii. Trong khi md ty Id an todn vdn chda phdn dnh dung ddpc khd ndng chdng dd rui ro cua cdc ngdn hdng cung nhd chda thdc hidn ddpc dung chdc ndng cda nd Id trd thdnh nhOng "bo dOm" cho cdc ngdn hdng trddc cdc rui ro d l vd, thf trfeh lap dd phdng riii ro d l y dii se Id biOn phdp cd tfnh trdc tidp vd rd rdng hon.
Thd hai, cin tifrig bddc chuyin doi cdc chuan myc kd todn theo hddng tid'n din tdi cdc chuan myc kdtodn qudc td. Vide thyc hidn cdc chuan myc kdtodn theo tidu chuan qudc td da ddpc di ra ti^ cdch ddy hdng chye ndm, tuy nhidn cho dd'n nay, rd rdng vln chda cd nhilu bddc tid'n cy t h i trong van d l ndy.
Trong khi Vidt Nam ngdy cdng hOi nhdp sdu rOng hdn vdo thj tnidng qudc td, trong dd bao hdm ed linh vyc tai chfnh ngdn hdng, thi vide dp dyng cdc tidu chuIn theo thdng Id gudc tdse ngdy cdng trd ndn pho bidn. Tuy nhidn, vide dp dyng cdc tidu chuIn dd nhdng Igi dya trdn nIn tdng Id mdt chuIn myc kd todn cua ridng Vidt Nam sd tao ra sy khap khidng trong qud trinh dp dyng vd do dd, dddng nhidn se Idm ban chd kha nang phan dnh ciia cdc con sd thdng kd vd bdo cdo.
ding thdi cd t h i tgo ndn nhOnpc dOng tidu eye ddi vdi sy phat triln vd an todn ciia hd thdng,
Thd ba, ridng ddi vdi giai do?n tdi cdu trCic hd thdng ngdn hdng hidn nay, mdc du quy md vdn cua ho thdng ngdn hdng ViOt Nam cdn nhd, ty 10 an todn vdn c6n thdp so vdi nhflng nddc trong khu vyc ddpc xdc djnh Id mOt trong nhOng ydu kdm ciia hO thing hiOn nay, nhdng trong bdi md ty 10 an todn vdn chda ddpc nhOng nIn tdng quan d l cd t h i phdn dnh chfnh!
mufc do Idnh m^nh cOa hO thln|
thf cd Id cdc Cd quan qudn 1^ i tdp trung tnidc hdt vdo vide xif I nhdng nji ro hiOn hOU de dpa tfnh an todn ciia hO thdng nhd np xlu, sd hdu cheo... hdn Id tao ra cac sufc dp buOc cdc ngdn hdng ndng cao ty 10 an todn vdn. •
Tdi iiOu tham khio:
1. AN Awdeh, Chawki EL-Moussawi, Fouad Machrouh, The Effect oi Capital Requirements on Banking Risk, International Research Journal of Finance and Economics, ISSN 1450-2887 Issue 66 (2011).
2. Daesik Kim; Anthony M.
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