NGHIEN CUfU-TRAO D O I
TINH TOAN, THIET KE CHE TAO MAY CAT PLASMA CNC
CALCULATION, DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING PLASMA CNC CUTTER
Dang Quoc Hflng
Trfldng Nghiip vu va Ky thuat Xay dflng VINACONEX.
TOM TAT
De tdi "Tinh todn, thiet ke, che tgo mdy cat Plasma", ngodi viec dd thiet ke che tgo hodn chlnh mdy cdt Plasma thong thudng md con them nhdng cdi tien mdi trong viec sd dung cdc cong CIA phdn mem Mach3 nhdm dieu khien mdy cdt Plasma, vdi nhdng cdi tien ndy mdy cat Plasma CNC dd tdng dUdc do chinh xdc gia cong vd gidm ddng ke cdc thao tdc cua ngUdi dieu khien.
Tfl khoa: Mdy cdt Plasma, mdy cdt tdm Plasma, mdy cat tdm CNC.
ABSTRACT
The Topic "Calculation, Design and Manufacturing plasma cutter" includes design and succeed manufacturing one kind of plasma cutter . In addition improvement in use of software to control it.
Therefore this CNC plasma has increased the cutting accuracy and reduced the operations of the operators.
1. THIET KE CO KHI j 1.1. Thiet ke so bd
Xuat phat tfl nhu cau giang day va hgc tap tai CO quan, Tae gia thilt k l sp bd may cat CNC plasma vdi hanh trinh 1.200 x 1.000 (mm) nhfl H i n h l .
U-^
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—^VWyWVVA— NYi
Hinhl: Kit cdu sd bd cua mdy.
Hinh 2: Ket cdu ddn dgng theo 3 true X,Y,Z.
U (Hinh2) la dan ddng cac true X,Y va Z cua may. Hai true X, Y ehi phai mang ban may, trong qua trinh dich chuyen vi tri nd khdng phii ehiu Iflc eat ggt. Trong thiet k l nay tac gia sfl diing 3 dgng ca servo d l dan ddng cho 3 true X, Y, Z cua may eat.
1.2 Tinh toan Ifla chon bo truyen vit me va dong cd servo [1].
Dfla vao cac thdng sd dau vao ta se tinh dflflc TAP CHf CO KHf M E T NAM S6 3 {Thang 3 nam 2013)
NGHIEN CUTU - TRAO D O I
eac thdng sd can thiet theo cac cdng thflc sau:
Momen quan tinh de tai chuyen ddng:
J^=m.{{P,.W)l27rf.
Mdmen quan tinh de vit me bi quay:
y,=(;r/32).Aa,-10-^).(D,.10-^)^
Mdmen quan tinh pulley chu dgng:
J f l , i = ( l / 8 K r ( ^ , r l O " ' ) ' -
Mdmen quan tinh pulley bi dgng:
\,=(.\li).m^AD,^.W-'f
Mdmen quan tinh can thilt:
JL=iJ.^Js^/o,2UD^J D^,f +J^^,.
Van toe can thilt:
• ' « = ( a - ( ^ , 2 / ^ p . ) ) / ( ' o - 0 ) - ( 6 0 / / ' , ) . Mdmen xoan can thiet: T ^{T^+ 7"^ ).5'.
Mdmen xoln trung binh eua ea qua trinh:
Md men xoln tai:
Z cd tdng trpng Iflpng 5 kg, toe dp di chuyen 1000mm/3s.
Lfla ehpn thanh trflpt: Chgn loai thanh trflgt trdn va bac hi: ma JB-20A.
Thdng sd ky thuat: dfldng d=20mm,chieu dai L= 1100mm.
kinh
Lfla chpn vitme hi: Chpn loai R25-10k4- FSC , hang san xuat Hiwin (Taivi^an), thdng so:
d=25 mm, bfldc vit P=40 mm, chieu dai L =1200.
Tinh todn liia chgn cong suat dgng cd Trtic Y Theo phflpng phap tinh toan tren ta tinh dflpc moment xoln can thilt T=2.533 Nm va tdc dp can thilt V=530 rpm. Chpn dpng co ma:
DANZ-02BC2B2, thdng so: Cdng suat 200W, tdc dp tdi da 3.000 vdng/phut.
-Ltia chgn vit me- thanh trUdt Trtic X Thdng sd dau vao: Khdi thiet bi true Y va Z ed tdng trong Iflpng 20 kg, tde do 1.200mm/4s.
Lfla ehpn thanh trflgt: Chpn loai slide trflpt:
X2RZ24-1300-LLC-RLC, thdng sd ky thuat:
Chieu dai :1300mm, tai trpng moi block 50kg.
Lfla chgn vitme bi: Chpn loai BSS2040L-1300- KC4, thdng sd: d=25 mm, bfldc vit P=10 mm, chieu dai L =1300.
-Tinh todn ltia chgn cong sudt dongcd TrucX Theo phfldng phap tinh toan tren ta tinh dfldc moment xoan can thiet T=5.201 Nm va toe dp can thiet V=480 rpm. Chpn dpng co ma :,hang san xuat Kinco, thdng so: Cdng suat 4000W, tdc dp tdi da 3000 vdng/phut.
2. THIET KE BO DIEU KHIEN 2.1. Co sd nguyen Iy dieu khien
Nguyen ly dieu khien dfla tren phfldng Thdng s6 dau vao: Khoi thiet bi true p h a p n p i s u y thang (tuyln tinh) va phfldng phap ^ 1.3.Tinh toan va Ifla chgn bd truyen.
- Ltia chgn vit me- thanh trUdt True Z Dau vao bai toan: Dau may cit plasma va cac chi tilt bat dau may cd trpng Iflpng 1,5 kg, hinh Irinh mong mudn: 150mm; Chpn loai thanh trflpt: ma EGH15CA - hang san xuat Hiwm (Tai- wan), tii trpng 50kg.
Chpn vit me bi: Ma SI06359 Thdng sd ky thuat: dfldng kinh d=15mm, bfldc vit P=5mm, chieu dai L=200.
- Tinh todn ltia chgn cong sudt dgng cd Trttc Z Theo phfldng phap tinh toan tren ta tinh dflpc moment xoan can thilt T=1.326 Nm va tdc dp can thiet V=600 rpm. Chpn ddng co ma : APM-SAOIACN, thdng s6: Cdng sual lOOW, tdc dg ldi da 3000 vdng/phflt.
-Ltia chon vit me- thanh trUdt True Y
TAP CHf CO KHf VIET NAM V Sd 3 (Thang 3 nam 2013)
NGHIEN Cflu - TRAO D O I
ngi suy vong.
2. 1.1 PhUdngphdp ngi suy thang DDA (Digital Differential Analyse) nhu Hinh3 [3].
, X V
Hinh3 : Not suy tuyen tinh theo phUdngphdp DDA.
Hinh4: Ngi suy vong.
A. Diem khdi xuat; E. Dilm dich; L. Chieu dai quang dfldng; u. Tde dp chuyen ddng hinh thanh; VX, VY. Tde dd chuyen dgng tren cae true X v a Y
Met con dao can ehuyen dgng gifla diem khdi xuat PA va diem kit thuc PE theo mgt dfldng thing vdl tdc do chay dao u xac dinh. Trong thdi gian T = L/u, eae doan dfldng thanh phan( x^ - x^) va ( y^ - y^ ) phai dflpc thflc hien.
Tinh toan gia tri tpa dp vi tri eae diem theo phflpng trinh dfldng thing.
x(0 = A , - il\jJi =x.- ilAZlA^,
N
De dam bao dp chfnh xae cua bien dang ndi suy, eac bfldc edng budc phai nhd h d n ddn vi A / cua truyen ddng chay dao:
A / , A/v,
T dfldc chia thanh eae khoang A/ - - d u nhd, phep tich phan eho phep thay bdi phep^dng
Tren cac may cdng cu dieu khien sd, thdng thfldng A / = 0,001m
2.1.2 PhUdngphdp ngi suy vong
Phfldng phap ndi DDA cung dflpc flng dung trong npi suy vdng:
Gil sfl can chay cat m g t dfldng cong, met con dao chay tfl diem khdi xuat P^ den diem dich Pg vdi thdi gian chuyen ddng tfl P^ den P^ la T.
(Hinh 4).
Ta cd phfldng trinh chuyen ddng cua cac diem trung gian P(x, y):
x - 7 ? . c o s ^ y = Rsin<p
Trong dd: R: Ban kinh eua doan cong va
^ : Tdc dp gdc.P^: Diem khdi xuat; P^: Diem dich;
P: Diem thude dfldng eong; T: Thdi gian chuyen ddng tfl P^ den P^; t: Thdi gian ehuyen dgng tfl P^
den P; V: Tdc do chay dao.
Dfldng cong gidi han di tfl diem P^ den diem P^ vdi mgt toe dp chay dao khdng doi V.
Dien ta thdng sd can thiet cua phfldng trinh dfldng cong trong sfl phu thudc thdi gian cd the rut ra tfl toe do gde. ^ vdi van toe gdc khdngd6i ,lay tich phan theo thdi gian
dx V „ r
^ = --^.ifsin^ = - _ . v A' V o V
TAP CHi C O KHl VIET NAM S a 3 (Thing 3 nam 2013)
NGHIEN CUfU-TRAOOOl
Tis do rot ra cac phildng trinh tich phan tildng ling la: ^ • • W^'
V6i do chinh xac dij dung, phep tich phan tren co the thay the bcfi phep cpng cac gia so diidng dich chuyen: x = x . -Y.—.y-'sl
V6i T chia thanh cac khoang A? thong qua mpt tan s6 chu ley fj
V6i: Al- = - R ' f-r Y>c,i.o, phfldng trinh tren se la:
X —JC . — X ) A ^
Trdng dd: Axr, Ay H nhflng gia sd can cgng lai trong cac bd tich phan.
Thflc chat ngi suy vdng la chia cac doan cong thanh cac doan eong nhd nhflng eoi chung nhfl cac doan thing. Cac gia tri Axva Ay se dflpc ehuyin thanh gdc quay cua cac ddng cP servo sau khi dflge qua eae bg truyln.
2.2 Gidi thi^u ve phan mem dieu khien mach 3 2.2.1 Giao dien phdn mem Mach3 vd sd do ket ndi [4}.
HinhS: Giao dien phdn mem Mach 3.
Phdn mem Mach3 Ld mot phdn mem tingdung CO giao dien nhuHinh 5.
Phdn mem Mach3 dieu khien 3 dgng cd thong qua cong LPT bang sd do nhu Hinh 6.
2.2.2 Cdc tinh ndng cua phdn mem Mach3:
- Maeh3 giao tiep vdi phan cflng may CNC thdng qua cdng LPT (eong song song 25 chan).
Cho phep biln mdt PC thanh mgt bd dieu khien may CNC thflc thu.
- Bd dilu khien Mach3 hoan toan tfldng thieh vdi cae may phay CNC, tien CNC, cat Plasma, may khae, eat Laser.
- Giao dien dep, d l dang tuy biln theo y thich eua ngfldi sfl dung.
- Cho phep trflc tiep nhap eae File ed dinh dang DXF, BMP, JPG, va cac file HPGL qua LazyCam.
- Tao ra Gcode qua LazyCam hoac Wizards.
- Hoan toan tuy chinh giao dien.
- Cho phep cai dat vi tri gdc cua phdi thdng qua cac phim cua ban phim may tinh...
2.2.3 Ket qud dgt dUdc
Tac gia da thilt k l va che lao may cit CNC Plasma vdi hanh trinh elt d moi true X la 1.200 mm, true Y la 1000 mm, true Z la 200mm nhfl (Hinh 7). Sfl dung he thong phan mem dieu khiln Maeh3 Control Plasma CNC elt dflpc cac hinh.
Dfldi day la hinh anh may cat sau khi chl tao va san pham cua may cit:
Hinh 6: Sd do hi thong diiu khien 3 dong cd qua cong. LPT. Hinh 7: Mdy cdt Plasma.
TAP CHf C O KHf V I £ T NAM <* Sd 3 (Thang 3 nSm 2013)
NGHIEN C f l u - T R A O D O I
Hinh 8: Sdm pham gia cdng (Mat bich) 3. KET LUAN
Xuat phat tfl nhu cau hge tap va san xuat tai ddn vi, tae gia nghien cflu tinh toan, thilt klva ehe tao theo hfldng don gian hda eae ket eau, thu nhd eac kich thflde cua nhflng may Plasma 3D da cd d Viet Nam thanh mdt may mdi cd cd gia thanh ha, ket cau don gian, de van hanh, d l thao tie, sfl dung thuan tien va linh boat trong viee di chuyen may trong pham vi cdng viee, phu hpp vdi dilu kien cua ddn vi. Tuy nhien, dp on dinh cua may chfla cao, cdng suat ddng cd edn nhd, kho eat edn ban che, d l tai vln tilp tue dfldc nghiin cflu hoan thien. *t*
Ngay nhan bai: 02/01/2013 Ngay phan bien: 15/3/2013
Ngfldi phan bien: PGS, TS. Dao Quang Ke, Bd mdn Cdng nghe Cd khi, Khoa C o ~ Diln, Trfldng Dai hgc Ndng nghiep Ha Ndi.
Tai lieu tham khao:
[1]. Nguyen Thanh Hai, (2009), Ng/!!e«ci?w, thiet ke, che tgo mo hinh mdy khoan CNC, Luan van Thac si Ky thuat.
[2]. Tran Van Dich, (2000), Cong nghe trin mdy CNC, NXB. Khoa hoc va Ky thuat, Ha Ndi, tr.5-91 & tr 180 - 188.
[3]. Ta Duy Liem, (2008) Bdi gidng mon Mdy cong cu CNC & Robot cong nghiep, NXB. Bach khoa Ha Ngi [4] Douglas W. Jones (1995), Control of Stepping Motors, The University of lOWOA.
TAP CHi CO KHf VIET NAM • S6 3 (Thang 3 nam 2013)
