CVv146S162019122.pdf

(1)

(2)

(rong, cham s6c va ngua sdu, b~nh th1 se c6 nhi~u rui ro ti8m an, d§n de'n theft bq.i, Ihiellwi kinh

Ie'

n~ng

ne

cho bfl con.

Vi v~y, ml,lc lieu cua nghien cuu nay nhfim di€u Ira Iht/e lqng Irong

va

chJ.m s6c, Ihi Iru'ang lieu thu, va oieu Ira cUC 10<;li gi6ng chanh day ma bft con nong dJn d~c bi~t la b6. con dan IQe Ihuiu

s6

dang Irbng df di.lnh

gia

^dungrhl/c Ir<;lng

va

chfa ra nhung v5'n

de

nhU': chon Clung glClng, tr6ng dung ky Ihll~l, phSI hi~n S<1U, b~nh kip !hdl, IIIn hiiu thj tnii"1ng lieu Ihl) va che bie"n eho

ba

can, g6p ph5n nghi2n euu giup nong ddn co (hroe quy trlnh

trling va

cham soc d<;l.t hi~u qua lot llhXI VEl giup de nha quan

Iy

nhln nllSn dlfQc tinh lfang phat triin

va

tljllh Inrdng quy ho<)ch ph:.il tric'n cay chanh d<iy (ren diJ b:i.n huy~n Bak 110:1, IInh 0i:1 LUI

2. V~t Ii~u va phuong phap di~u tra 2.1. DOllltf,lng) dill dii'm viI flrili gum diEulm Doi W<;1ng die u tra: la de h(? gia dlnh nong dan la dan toc lh!€"u s6lai cae :0;3 H;l Bau. X5 Hn.eng, Thi trin Bak 80<), Xu Tall l1inh, Xa Gla, Xa A. D(Jk, Xii la Bang. XJ Dj K Sd Mel, Xc1 K'dang,

Xa

la

Pet, Xii

Bilk Rong, X5 Nam Yang co Ir6ng cay chanh day. Thai gian Ji~u 1m Ilf thang 12 nam 2017 (te'n (hang 8 n5m 2018 IrJi huy~n

E>ak Doa.

2.2. PIll/dug plllip diill Ira

PhU'dng phap di~u tra:

Sa

dt.lng bQ cong ct,l cua phuong phap d.:inh gii.; nhanh nong thon co SVth;J!n gia (PRA -Participatory rural appraisal) dt thu th4p va phan lien cac thong tin vt; Vl'ltlg Ir6ng. dlen lich, san lU'<;Ing, kha nang. (hleh ung. hl¢U qua cUd cay chanh day.

se(

dung phieu diell tra 120 hQ d€

Ihu thap va phan !feh d.c thong lin ve kT thu~t Ir6ng cham s6c, thu hoach. lieu Iln.1 cua cay chanh day I<,l.i cae h6 gia dinh. De so bi) djllh gia nang SU;)I 19 Ihuy{t cua cay Chi.lnh day, chllng

loi

d5 tic'11 h:lnh thl! hoach gll~ Clla 10 goc chtlllh Jay bo'.i'l \.:) k.h,ic nhau d[ c1anh gia.

S6'IJ~u dtf<),c xli'

Iy

(ren ph,in m~m E-.;u·] 2010.

j. Kc'( qua dj~u Ira

QU<l diiu tra, phllllg vn'Il)' kien cua nglf(~i Ih"1TI gid (m5.u) thong 'lila phleU ph(")ng van (120 phie'u) dt/a Iren nhCr"ng cJu h('lj ph6ng

vfln

de d~ip LIng muc lieu nghien Cllll, nhlirn nghien cuu (1J thu rh,)p (hJQc nhung s61i~1l

a6

nghiel1 Cl(U

ti<Yr

c;;n thl/c rf;.lng Ir6ng v~ ch5m "oc cily eh<tl1h d:1y nhl(,.,au:

4

Xa

lanlllnh 1Q

5

X.!IG'La

10

e

^XAA.

Dolt 10

7

xa IaBAng

10

8 XI OaK

5()

Mel

10

9

XlK'OanQ

10

10 XI la Pet

10

11

XI!lakRong 10

12

XI NamYang

16

~ ¹²⁰

niH S1.l,i'1,

IUdng eua cay chanh diiy I<!I dia pht(ong. Bn so' c .. ie h() nOllg dan Ir6ng cay chanh d,iy mang linh

tl/

phat. 1.i1l11 thee cae hO gia (nnh Irong thon x.6m ma chU'a co sl/ hl(ong dUn ki {huiH ClaOl ba't kl co quan,

,6

chue nao. Ket qua nay kh~ng dinh, diy chanh

day

cI11lh(~c Ilgl(ui d,in trong mOl each I~f pharo (rong ph5n 1<111 thee phong tr~lO trong Ciic vlfon hQ gia

<1lllh

ho~c c:;,ic c:Ongty

ban

giang. Cilc cd quan chuyen nganh

va

chinh

quy0n

co Sd dlLra njm dU<;I"C va chua co

de

thong 1111

d,1y

dli v~ lo~i cay nay l<,ti dia di€m nghie.n cl1u.

S6 16 - Thong 9/2019 123

(3)

W CHi CONG THUdNG

- - - -

Ctic (In(dng lai chi thu gom (Ian I~ kh6ng (~P trung vii Gic d;;t i ly ciing chi biet den de dia di€m hay cae h¢ gia dinh c6 (rong

nhieu

cay chanh

day.

de thong till ve di~n tkh, nang suit va san lUQng Cl.t [he he) khong nam Ul(QC.

Do

(16 nft kho kh5n trOllg vi¢c xac dinh dlf(,lC vllng Irbng I~p tTung

cay

chanh

day.

Being 2. Thong tin ve di~n tich tr6ng chonh day tr'In Clio ban huy$n Oak Doa

sn

Xa dieu tra ^Di~n^lich ryl~%

!rung blnh(ha)

Xa Hi! Bau 0.31 643

Xa

Hneng 0.51 10.58

Thl lran Dak Doa 0.36 747

Xa

Tan Binh 0.4 8.30

XaGla 0.39 8.09

XiiA. Dck 0.37 7.68

Xa la Bang 0.36 747

Xa D~K So Mel 0.4 8.30

Xa

K'dang 0.39 8.09

.-

^~~--

10 Xa la Pet 0.43 8.92

11 Xa Dak Rang 0,48 9.96

12

Xa

Nam Yang 0.42 871

TOng T

^48,2 ¹⁰⁰

Ket qu~i di~u tra (B<lllg 2) eho Ihfi'y di¢n tich Irong chanh doy trung blnh

ella

cae tim

ditim

<.lieu Ira kh6ng c6 nhieu slJ' chenh leell IOn. de hI) tr&ng chanh tlniang chi' c6 quy mo nho Ie, khong e6 $1/

ehenh lech Idn giO'a cae elia ditim dieutra, ui~u

nay cung ph,in

,inh dung

Ihvc Ir<;lng

tr<1ng chanh

day

cua bil. con h1\~n nay. manh mUll, nha Ie va kh6ng C(l t~p trung vung tr6ng.

Qua ket CJu3 di@u tra (B<lng _1) eho thay, nang sua't viI S;111 iLfdng cua Ciiy challh day Lrbng tq.i cae xa tren din ban huy¢n khang e('} sl/ch(:nh 16ch lon, de dfin rrong chanh day (hlfong kh6ng nha ro san hl\ing mlnh Ihu dltdt; va chi cho can

so

u'de Iu'dng nam trang khoiing lif 4-7 (j'Tl/l sao, tlCdng ulfdng kho;Jl1g 40 den 70 [;,In/ha. Dicu n:'ly c6 th~ chung

to

rang nang ~uat ehanh d5y 0 dJy C() ph;lll thEip so Val nang sua', thl/C Ie' ma c5y chanh day co (he clem lai 'U' 70-100 «ln/h;).

7

)(lImSllng

8,35

8

^{XII 00}^$(IM$

8,51

XiI K'Oang 8,18

10 XIImpet 11 XII£)tk

Rong 12 XiI_Yang

T&tg

~ \on~

klnlc va eha qua nhieu, khi thu ho<)ch co vo n~ng.

hinh th(fe qlla thtfang c.l~p, Tr6ng cay chanh day

tren

d5'1 Ih!1 pha d I diy sInh Intdng to't.

c6 so

qua nhitu, qua 10, hinh Ihlte qua dc;:p song YO mongo IY Ie nude Irong qua il.

E);:inh gi<i \'~

kha

nang thich (fng eua

cay

chanh day Iren cae lo<)i dii'llrong khuc nhau c6 Ih~

tha'y

diy ehanh day co khit nang phil h<;sp vdi cae IOQi d(l'1 khac nhau. Da

s6

ngl(d"1 dilu d~u eho

rhng diy

chanh day khong k6n dal. cay co thtS sinh tntOng

(4)

Bang 4. Cae 10<;li det dll<!e ngliOi

1

: - - - -

~~

dat

---~dQ

nlln SohQ

~da~ang

trong chanh day

._.'Y~.

va

ph,it

tricin 1611n~n cae

10<)1

tlS'( kh<lc

nhau neu

dtfQc chilm soc !ot.

3.3. Thong tin chung

vi

ctic IO{1; giol,g va ki//u tr(}lIg ctiy dum" day Irell djn hiw diiu (ra

Ke't qua dicu Ira (I)' cae h('l dleu Ira eho IhKy co 2 glong chanh day uUQc ngu'al dan trang chu ye'u la cae gi6ng: Dai Nong I (Ngh~ An) va Tai shiang (8ai Loan)

va

^THQI:<;6 giong khac. Giang Tai Shaing Iii gtong nhap khd'u Irt.tc

tu

Diu Loan do C6ng ly Thong lIo v6 m()t c6ng ty khac nh~p kh£U.

Bang 5. Cae 10<;li gi6ng chonh day dll<!c nglloi

de

n

su

dung de tr6ng

£lill Nang 1 : Giang' _chanh _{;. -}

S6h

^Q

t ...

_- ⁹⁸

day

%

81.67

Tal Shlang

19 15.83

Giang khac

I~

2.5

Ngu'di dan sU' dung cay chanh day de tr6ng trong cae vlidn lieu,

d phe

dO.

che,

va cling co thi su dt,lng dli tr6ng thu~n. Cay chnnh day con tr6ng xen Ifong vlion san, YUan ngo voi

ty

I~ chap. f)a so d.c h6 tlicu Ira thuang Irbng xcn cay chanh day trong die vuan lieu va de vlfOn ca phe d5 gja COl ho~c

eta

che't

(Bang

6). Nhl~u

y

kie'n tlanh gia cay chanh day Ir6ng phu h<;fp nhj'( vdj cae vuon (ieu (fa chlft, toy nhien cung co

y

k.ien eho ring trang (huan If} '01 nhac Nhu v~y vOi kha nang Ihleh nghi duQ'e vej) nhi~u vLfon cfty khac nhall, cay chanh day cu

t<iIu tri!ng Tr6'ng 1i'6ngxen Tr6'ng_

Ilhenh d6y It'dn

^~wan ^~.

tiiu,cilph6

wan ciIy Ich6c

$6,,*

22

91

7

% 18,33 75,83 5,83

thcf tr6ng vdj nhl@:u de 101.li

cay

tr6ng khac nhau.

Trong dj~u kien (reng thujn cay ehanh day sinh tntdng t61, it sftu b~oh va cho nflng sua't cao hon so vl3t Ir6ng xen.

3.4. Dduh gia khii nang lllam gia hOl}l dQlIg

!rnn till; !lliJng tin ~'n hO(!! d!}ng Iff VI1'l k.v !1w(rt nrc

BOng 7. Th6ng tin

vI,

hO<;lt d9n9 Irao d61 th6ng tin

va

tllven ky thuCit s~ lrao dol thong Un

va

I" van

kY

Ihu~t

Chi Heu

K.h6ng

£lta. _

d8I

th/lng tin ' " III","

kY IhI4! I

USHDlCi

IltiIY .... gIC\iIg

f)\1I

dIIm Ich6c I

S6 he 38 82

0 15 Zl i

%

^31.67 ^68.33

0 39,47 SO,53 !

5616 - Thong 9/2019 125

(5)

T~P

CRi CONG THUIING

3.5. Thollg fin

vi

kj IllIIqllrbllg ViI chiim soc diy cllmlh dlzy

3.5.1. Ki lhlu')f trt5ng IIIdi c(iy chal7h day

eiy

chanh

day co

the

Irong

dt(Qc quanh

nam.

song ke'\ qua dieu Ira cho th~{y thdi VI.! trang cay chanh day leI Ilhat];). vao cae thang 4.5.6 hang

nam (Bang 8).

8fty

I;} thdi

di~m

c1du

mua tmfa

d

Tay Nguyen, thai tie't m,l! IH~n

ty

l¢ song CU3 cay chanh day

fit!

cao. Tr6ng c;1y chanh d<1y vb.o mua he tir lh;ing 10 de'n lh{] ng 4 nilm sal! cu 1)/ I~ so'ng etta cay th;i'p, cay thl(Ong

b,

(hie'u nlid'c. Cay ch;:wh (;0 th2 thu hO<;lch 3 thang mQI Ian tfnh lif IhlJi ril lrat va vilO ta't

d

de Ihang trong ntim. Thilj \iU thu ho<)ch t6t nhS! eho nang sw1'tli1 vl,llhu bOI (ll'ra J5u) y<l. \'1) thu chlnh (ltbl hal).

Theo nh~n xet eua ngl{oj djll V30 hia thu ho').ch Ih(r 2 In~n

d.y

chanh c6

so

quit Ilhi~u nh£([, ham Ilr(1ng IlLrdc nhlEu khi b~in V,\O thai diem nay se cho nang su,'i't cao nh5't

];n11

d~o J.iy

ko

110~c

cho leo tn!c san trong

vLfOn nhLfcac Ir~1

lieu

(rong vl(un,

Thong !Ill ve ki thuSt Hi.m dirr ban d5u: 95~

ngtroj

dan

dU'Qc di~u tra t'h!u khong quan lam

din

vi~c Jam

Ooll

tnrdc khl

Irong.

nong dan thU'ong chQIl dat dja hlnh c6 m~I bang diim baD, co d() dOc vua

phai

IlrO -7 de}. c6 lang canh lac day 50 cm [rO' len, Tntd< khi tr6ng cay khong <6 phLfdng phap x~ Ii

c.1a't dE

di~llrlY

m§m sau, benh rna

chi nh~t

sq.ch co

Bang 8. Cae thong tin

ve

thoi gian

trong

va thu hOQCh cay chanh day

Cae thong tin III hQ 910 dlnh

Ke't qua (l1~u tra cdc h9 t~i cae xa Iren dj<l ban huy¢n cho [ha'y ngudi d.in kh6ng quan tam d€'11 kho~ng oich khi trang cay chanh d5.y, IUy nhien vi~c

bo

^\litr61\g cay chanh day theo hilng (hj~c ehll

y

^Ihlfehi~n, Nguui dan chI Lfdc Ilr(1ng khoiing dch ho~e trang thee cam !Inh. Kc't quo do dem (hue

Ie'

lal cae vuejn cho [h5'y: kho5ng deh giira cae cay 41Ji

BOng 9. Cae Ihong lin

ve

mal d9, khoclng e6ch, ki,$u 16m gl6n cho cay chonh day M~I dO tr6ng caY/in! Kh

ThOng tin

S6h6 1

cay

118 98.3

2

cay

1.7

3x3

16 13.33

oang Clich (m x m)

I<IIul8mglin 3,5x3,l! 3l<4 GIltn

m!J(Jp

I<IIu kh80

9

95

105 16

7,5 79,17

87,5 12,5

(6)

Thong tin

Bang 10. Cac Ihong lin ve lam dol Lilm ~il

khl

tr6ng

m<li

I---~

KhOOglilm

r---S-6~h-6----+---1-14---!

^C6lbm

I~. ---ry

Ie % 95

1_.- _ _ ' _ _ ~ ______ _

khi (rang chle'm

ty

I~

cao

(95%). Trong

')6 cJc

h<) e6 [\{di nude eho e§y ehanh Jay thi d;] phnn so h6 d~u nhd r5

s61:'1n

t11ol. C:k h6 cho bie·! ho chi' Ilfdi n11de eho ca.y chanh day sau [r6ng khi gap kh6 h~n, con blnh [huang co mtia nho hay dft't chI a'm kh6ng dn Ilidi, Trong SUO'J qu;:i [rlnh ,'.inh [rlIdng

ve

sau, nglrdi

da

n de: u quan

[5.

III de'n vi~c [udi nude ma kh6ng dtf<l vao tll1de rnlIa

Ke,

qua diE-u Ira

ky

[huat b6n phdll eho cay chanh day eho tha'y, g.1n nhu cae h¢ [r6ng chanh dayd~uc6b6n chacaychanhdJ.y(Bang l i t Tuy nhien chi b6n 16t m~1 kJlong bon thue tfong quj [rlnh ~inh lutCing

cua dy, ty

I¢ h6 d5n bon phfl n

chu6ng

hoal muc trudc khi tr6ng chie'm

IY

I¢

ra'tcaode'n 86,67%, chi co mot sofl bon ph6n NPK Intac khi lrang chiem 13,3%. Trang qua trlnh cham soc cho cay chanh day, de hd dan diu khbng hoae c6 rfit it ngui'1i bon thue eho chanh day.

hQ

chi bon mot Ian eho cay rna chua ehu

y

de'n viee bon phun thee tllng giai do~n, vi~c bon phtl:n ding tuy vao UleU ki~n kinh

te' cua

gia dlnb va co litu II(dng cung nhl1

so'

Ian bon khae nhau.

Ve

tinh hlnh sau b¢nh hi;li In~n cay chanh day (Bang II), da

s6

d~u ghi nMn 100 % e6 xu;i'l hi~n benh, mQI so phieu dieu Ira con ghi nh~n b1$nh lren c5y chanh day ra't nhieu va kl)o d€ kiim so.!! va vi¢c phbng Irj benh deu

In

phong b~ng each siidl.mg Ihu5c

hoa

hge (94,17%). Tuy nhien. co mot

pld.n

r51 il (5.83%) ngubl dan khi Iham gia phong van 116i ding, kh6ng

he

phun thu6c cho dy ch,mh day va nhting h6 nay deu c6 nhO'ng 1)1 do khjc nhau

Ket qua di~u tra nang ^SUa'(cay chanh day III cae hQ phong v.fn eho th,i'}" vdi m~1 d¢ khoang each kh6ng oUc;1c chu IrQng, nhlI v~y vi~c

c.hinh

gill, sinh tntong

va

n~ng suat sf: gap llhi~u kh6 khan. kh6ng chioh X8C. them mQI I); do nii'a

la

ngtJtfi dan ehu yeu lfong xen cJ.y chanh day a cae vLton tieu da: chet va chi c6 mOl so il Irong moi va khong (heo mot quy chuan hay quy I(lnh Cl.1 the!' n;)o nen vi~c dieu tra nang SUa( eua cay ehanh day g4P nhi€u kho khan.

Trongdl~u kien trang va cham soedy ehanh

day t61,

nang

suiilly

Ihuye( qua chanh

day co thl

dat dlIde tl1 70 dt'n

tOO

tU'n/ha. Ni:i ng sua'l lllay f5t 1"11 phl,! thude viio loal da'i treng, gid'ng

bEu

BOng 11. Cae Ihong tin ve bon phon, sau b~nh va phon Ihu6c hoc h9c cho cay chcnh day

,.

ThOng tin

S6h6

BOn phan Ph8n chuong

104 86.67

NPK

16

13,33

5616· Thong 9/2019 127

(7)

1/

(8)

Bang 14. Sd b9 hc;>ch tocn san xuat

ChiUeu

~I',

^Phon

rl)' ~

^II LUQng-1 : : g bOn

ISO. iOi g.

sao i i cay sao • (oong/sao)

I

(kg! . ) •• lam gllm ." ( g I ng ) i. chAm sOc is_O_'I"_Q_n_g_+_12_0_0

I

¹⁰⁰ ^I ¹⁰⁰

L120 I

^Ddn^gia

(nghin dong) Tong lien I (nghin dong)

Tong chi (nghin dong) Lai I (nghin dong)

10

1200

15 32 180

1500 3200 21600

33.500

14.050

200

17

12 5 I

f----

_47.550 ₁₅

6000 1360

1560 250

' - - -

1170

Trang cay ,\en dy chanh day Vdj de 10<:;li cay lau ni1m co nhi6u ldi ich nht(: tang h~

:so

slr' dl,lng (I,ft, qll~n 1)1

co

^d<;li,^'<;10^vi~cIZlnl va lang thu nhap cho ngt101 dan.

v~o tlllldng lrii, cac san phim chlt;J dl(<;1c ban

dung

Th! In((fng lieu thu qua chanh d5y (htcjc djnh gia rat Ihu~J1 l<;1i, gia biin cao va 6n djnh mang l(l.i ngu6n thu nh~p Idn eho ngLfai dfin. Siln phri'm qun chanh dfiy (iLt(Jc

SlI'

dl,lng l~m nude giai khDI, mfac t16ng hOp, xui11 khti\1. NgLf('ji dan co the' chu d(Hlg trang khau lieu tht) qua chanh day de vung Ir6l1g.

sdche dly chanh day I~p tfung tai cae Iinh Gia Lai.

EMk Uk ..

enc

ky

thu~t

trang

va ch~11) ~6c cay chanh day clia dong bao [hi~u s6 lC),i de di0m d,,~u Ira

hoan loan

mang tinh

It.( pilat va

Ihieu kinh nghi~m. Hi~n chl(a

co

cae quy

trinh ky

thu~(

de

hltdng

dan Irang va cham soc

dy chanh

day

(<.Ii cae diem di~u Ira; clu(u c6 SI! vllocuQc hltCrng dJll eua dcc,j'p ng~nh. Th! tntCing tiell Ihu pllU thune

TAl LltU THA~1 KH.'\O:

voj gia

trj ella 110.

Qlla

t1i~u

Ira

eho

(i

djy Ihic'lJ

song. x6a d6l

ghim ngheo •

I. Vii V(III Kin!r (;9Yj). 500 billlhw)"c gia /l"ilyJIJ, NXB TP. HJ eM IHilll/.

? V(llIdCJ p/tmk. J. p(l:j~'il)llf1ow('n 1111£1 p({sslOnjI"L1I1 1991 pp. I

76

PI) 3. f)(~ T(/·ll./1i (2005). Cuy I/lI//Ye l"ii I·i

Illl/oe

Vii'l NOIl/. NXB Y hQ(".

5616 - ThOng 9/2019 129

(9)

T~P CHi CONG THllaNG

4. http://c,,.wii:.ipedia.flrg/lliJ..iIP(luiflom 5. hflp://ell lI'ikipedio nrg/H'lkIIP(/ssirmjruil 6. hrrp://I'i. \I'ikipedio,orglll'iJ:.ilC/wllh_leo _( PossU7or(l 7. htTp"//I'I. wiJoped/o.orglwikJ/Pn ~sijlor(l_('dlliis 8. h/lP://I\'I!·I\',c!Jwthdfly.comI20J2102/1I011g·/It/oc-clw!!!;

Ngay nh'ln bili: 9/9/2019

Ngay phan bi~n danh gia va sli. chila: 19/912019 Ngay ch:Yp nMn dang bili: 29/9/2019

Thol1g lin Ide gin:

ThS.

NGUYEN HUNG

MI~NH ThS.

DANG LE THANH LII~:N

Philn hit:u Trliong D<,li hc:'lc Nong La.m TP. HeM t~i Gia Lai

THE ACTUAL SITUA TION OF PLANTING PASSION FRUIT TREES OF ETHNIC MINORITY PEOPLE LIVING IN MOUNT A

I~OCS

COMMUNES OF OAK DOA DISTRICT,

GIA LAf PROVINCE

ABSTRACT:

• Moster. DANG

Nong Lom

University

This study is to investigate the actual minority people living in mountainous cotnr,)(:!", ParlicipatoI)' Rural Appraisal (PRA) melh. \:,1 information. The sludy's results reveal that t\)(

people in Dak Doa district is spol1laneous knowledge, There are no technical procedu' c" ^1!_'

studied areilS, Ethnic minority people in Dak !echnH':Jl sUPjJOli.

rrom local authorities in pl.:Jllling passion rruit trees. If the planting passion of (ruit trees uses techniques con'cclly," will bring Ini.lny benefits ror ethnic minorilY people including improving income and livillg siandards. and protect ing enVU-Olllllcnt,

Keywords: Passiflora edulis. inlcrcroppillg, plarlling passion fruil (rees.